Research Topic: A qualitative study on the experience of people

of turning their home into a workplace

Introduction:
The origin of coronavirus began in late 2019 at the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. The very
first case of the unknown disease emerged in Wuhan. according to WHO data, 52 countries in
the world have confirmed cases by 28 February, 2020. Rest is part of awful history and misery
that affected human life in the biggest possible way. The World Health Organization (WHO),
declared the Coronavirus as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 (Cucinotta & Vanelli,
2020). In merely a week time, the number of cases increased 13-fold and within days most of the
countries had their first Covid patient.

With the increasing numbers of covid patients and outbreak of the disease led schools,
organizations, and many other places to a complete lockdown. Due to this sudden outbreak of the
epidemic, offices shifted to home. Working from home suddenly became work from home.
Employees suddenly required to adapt ways to start working at home without going to their
offices. Eventually turning their homes into a full-fledged work station. Employees had to fit
themselves into this new way of life where they have done their jobs from the comfort of their
homes. Everything starting from presentations and reports to conducting phone interviews, all
the arrangement had to be made from home environment.

According to Miles Freeport, before the pandemic hit the world, only 7 percent in the United
States of America were allowed to work from home (Freeport, 2020). In Europe, approximately
5.4% of the employees in the EU-27 usually worked from home (Marinova, 2021). Mostly
employees in the managerial level were allowed to work from home a number of days in week.
When WHO declared COVID-19 was a pandemic, as per a global survey conducted by Gartner,
Inc. found that 88% of the organizations around the globe made it compulsory for their
employees to work from home (Marinova, 2021). For many the change was not normal as they
are used to the regular work environment. There are many distractions in a home work setup.
Starting from family members to pets or other household chores. It was hugely difficult for
employees to get accustomed to this normal and to stick to this new routine.

My research aims to fathom the experience of such employees who have turned their home into a
work station due to the global pandemic known as COVID-19. The focus of my research will be
based on the experience of sudden change in trend in the work environment. I want see the
response of employees turning their homes into workplace regarding this issue. With this
research I will try and figure out how turning homes into workstation affected them. Whether the
experience is positive or negative. The overall impact of seeing your bed next to you and the
psychological impact associated with it. I hope to find answers to such questions through my
research work.

Theoretical framework:
In my research, I am trying to figure out the impact of work from home environment to the
regular work from office. The global epidemic of covid-19 has impacted the regular office work
and organizations are now making their employees to go remote. To investigate this affect, could
be either positive or negative, I evaluated relevant theories of other researchers who have defined
and worked on these concepts of work from home, turning home into workplace and the
pandemic.

The pandemic has changed every aspect of an individual’s work and personal life. As discussed
in the journal by Xiao, Becerik-Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas, many workers in the pandemic of
recent time were advised to Work from home (WFH) full time, which previously emerged in the
early 2000s for workers to avoid commuting and provide flexibility. The epidemic redefined the
concept and many organizations believe become more common after the pandemic due to the
fact that employers have already paid the fixed cost to set up remote work systems for their
employees. The journal discusses hugely the negative aspects of full time WFH. The journal also
focuses how the sudden change to "Work from home" associated with the pandemic uniquely
explores the connection between WFH on mental and physical conditions of the employees. My
research focuses on the experiences an employee might have shifting their office to their home.
The journal written by the above-mentioned authors argues how difficult it gets to have a work-
life balance at home when the work station is at home. There is a blur boundary that makes it
tough and creates issues between work and life. For instance, balancing work schedules around
family members like elderly parents, kids and pets is not the same like working from home.
There are plenty of instances where despite having a regular working hour, while at home an
individual need to take care of house chores. Many at times, it affects the productivity too as
there are too many noises around. Employees who have kids had to sacrifice their sleep at night
as they cannot complete their work during day time because maybe they were interrupted by
their family members. All these factors eventually led to emotional burn out and to quote Xiao,
Becerik-Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas, these factors can lead to emotional exhaustion (Xiao, Becerik-
Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas, 2021).

The journal by Xiao, Becerik-Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas also focused on behavioral and social
changes. This is another important aspect to answer my research question of "How do people
experience their home when it has turned into a workplace?" Not all the employees have a
dedicated workstation at home, meaning the workstation is share with the kids, wife, etc. The
kids may have remote classes and wife of husband may be working as well. This results in
shifting to different rooms throughout the day. In addition to this, due to continuous shift of
workspace can lead to discomfort. The authors also argued that at the office there is a central
ventilation system and at home the same environment might be missing, like the absence of air
conditioning in the kitchen corner. This is normal considering the fact that homes are built for
comfort and leisure. The absence of such ventilation and air conditioning can have both physical
and mental well-being effects and eventually decreasing overall work performance (Xiao,
Becerik-Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas, 2021).

Another article in the Business Horizons by Mariana Toniolo and Leyland Pitt discusses about
the challenges and mindfulness of working from home. As discussed in the article, due to the
pandemic employees required to work remotely and the change came suddenly (Toniolo-Barrios
& Pitt, 2021). As a result, there were many challenges faced by the employees as they had to
juggle between work and their personal relationships. Employees worked outside their office
hours while working from home. This is primarily due to the simultaneous management of office
work and household chores and childcare. The writers argue in their article that working from
home creates a lot of distractions in the form of ringing doorbells, noisy environment, etc. As
one aspect of my research on turning home into workstation focuses on the difficulty to manage
work-life-balance working from home, this article reflects many unexplored answers (Toniolo-
Barrios & Pitt, 2021). According to experts, since it is difficult to completely disconnect
mentally from work staying at home, it often leads to lower productivity and decreased
motivation. It also affects an individual's mental health (Toniolo-Barrios & Pitt, 2021).

As mentioned in the article by Mariana Toniolo and Leyland Pitt, working from home creates a
thin line between work and personal life. A survey conducted by Routley stated that the most
difficult challenges of work from home are when employees are not able to disconnect from
work even after office hours, challenges to communicate with colleagues and decrease in
motivation (Routley, 2020). Adam Gorlick, in his article said that married employees with kids
finds it difficult to maintain productivity in their home workstations and this creates more
obstacles. He added that the closing down of schools pushed parents who are working to focus
more on their children (GORLICK, 2020). Another author stated that working from home gave
rise to new difficulties in the form of "Zoom" meeting. This video platform creates emotional
and physical exhaustions (Fosslien & Duffy, 2021).

In the last part of the article by Mariana Toniolo and Leyland Pitt, the authors discussed and
suggested some advice on how to be focused and allocate time accordingly. My research deals
with aspects like mental health, work-life-balance, isolation working alone and video
conferencing. The guidelines given in the article provides an insight in all these aspects. They
have talked about clear communication from the employer which will help the remote workers to
prioritize tasks and put attention to important work (Toniolo-Barrios & Pitt, 2021). They have
talked about mindfulness and how to educate employees on this with training and other
materials. One very important suggestion given by the authors is the employer should always
encourage the employees to discuss their issues and challenges they are facing during this
pandemic. For the video conferencing part, the authors suggested not to only focus on Zoom.
Rather employers at times should have direct audio calls for motivation (Toniolo-Barrios & Pitt,
2021). In the research questions that I have, one important aspect is how did employees cope up
with the depression associated with travel restrictions and social life. Since in this theory there
are plenty of suggestions and work done previously, the framework itself guided me towards the
topic of my research.

Moving ahead with our framework, now let us go through the impact of lockdown in one of
world’s most populated country, India. The research has been published in the Journal of
Biological and Medical Rhythm Research. According to the research conducted by Piya,
Subashish and Ankita, among the people participated in the research, 63% of them were habitual
smokers and had a habit of drinking alcohol occasionally (Majumdar, Biswas, & Sahu, 2020). As
per the work done by them, majority of the office goers had high blood pressure and diabetes.
Many of the metabolic disorder were due to lack of physical activity during the work from home
environment. They have conducted their research on 203 corporate sector professionals
performing a regular 9 to 5 work from home during this phase of the pandemic (Majumdar,
Biswas, & Sahu, 2020). My research explores to answer the questions whether working from
home causes loneliness and how it has a mental impact. As per the research by Piya, Subashish
and Ankita, the social distancing and isolation as a result of the pandemic and subsequent
lockdown had a huge effect on mental well-being and many employees were exposed to too
much use to digital devices to escape boredom which caused various health issues (Majumdar,
Biswas, & Sahu, 2020).

The results they have got from their research is there is a consistency of sleeping pattern, habit
with improved mental health. In the research they have also observed that a number of
participants mentioned pain in certain areas of the body which could be due to the sitting posture
at home for a long period of time (Majumdar, Biswas, & Sahu, 2020). The common health issues
among office workers were pain and discomfort were prevalent in the neck, shoulders, elbows,
wrists/hands with some complaints of back pain. These are very relevant to theoretical answers
of some of the questions asked in my research like for instance, whether employees wish to
continue working from home even if situation gets back to normal and how often they want to go
to a physical workstation once the pandemic is over. According to Piya, Subashish and Ankita,
social isolation and working from home has detrimental effects on people working from home.
The research has been concluded with the findings that mental and physical well-being were
affected during the work from home time. Also, their study provided scientific input on how
long-term work from home can have negative health effect and mental well-being (Majumdar,
Biswas, & Sahu, 2020).

Another article in the journal of policy design and practice discuses slightly different than what
we have seen so far. The article by Lina and Nantapong provides us with some good and positive
points of having a work from home office. According to the authors, working from home is
beneficial for both the employer and employees (Butakhieo & Vyas, 2021). They have identified
plenty of advantages like reduced commuting time, avoiding office politics, using less office
space, etc. They have also figured out that working from home gives the employees the
flexibility to get the job done at their own convenient time and additionally it saves money as
employees does not need to travel to and from office every day (Butakhieo & Vyas, 2021). The
study conducted by Lina and Nantapong is based in Hong-Kong. According to their study, in
April 2020 there were above 80% of workers who preferred at least partial WFH with numbers
varying in how many days a week that should be (Butakhieo & Vyas, 2021). They have
concluded their study stating that it is evident that employees once favored working from home
compare to office and to make it more feasible it is vital for employers to have better guidelines
and polices along with trainings and support that will help them to carry on with the process post
the pandemic (Butakhieo & Vyas, 2021). This work by the authors is important for my research
as it laid down a format and tried solving one my research question on how often do employees
want to go to a physical workstation once the pandemic is over.

Another online article that I have found to be relevant with my research work is by Emily
Courtney. Since my research is to try and find out the impact of working from home during the
pandemic and the result could be either positive or negative, this article is an important one as it
focuses on the positives of work from home and advantages associated with it. According to the
article by Emily, there are many benefits of working from home and the pandemic is not the only
reason to work remotely (Courtney, 2021). She argues that although there was sudden rush to
shift workers to home and turn their home into office, eventually everyone settled in and it
became evident to many that office-based teams that working from home employees in many
cases are more focused and productive comparatively (Courtney, 2021).

The article states that remote jobs come with flexible schedules which allows workers to start
and end their day as they choose. As long as their work is complete and leads to strong
outcomes, the employer is fine and happy (Courtney, 2021). She further argues that according to
research shows that time taken to work each day is associated with various health issues such as
higher cholesterol, increase in sugar level and a risk of depression. Another considerable
statement she made in the article about remote work is location independence which gives access
to a broader range of job opportunities that are not limited by geographic location (Courtney,
2021). According to the Emily Courtney, this can be helpful for job seekers living in rural
communities and small towns. Benefits she mentioned in the article for employers is that they
can hire people from any location irrespective where the individual lives. This as per the article
helps in cultural diversity and allows employers access to a wide range of talents all across the
world (Courtney, 2021). Another very unique benefit in the article is positive environmental
impact. Working from home will have less use of car decreasing pollution and less to no use of
air conditioning, heating, and lighting. Overall, as mentioned in the article, there is less
greenhouse gas emissions and savings of resources like oil (Courtney, 2021).

Since the research topic that I have chosen is relatively new and the covid-19 pandemic is
something that humanity never experienced before, it is natural to have less previous research on
the topic. With the theoretical framework, I have used the discussion presented in the
introduction and tried and explained how this framework of previous research or article is vital
and helpful to answer my research question of people's experience at their home when it has
turned into a workplace. I have articulated the positives as well as the negatives so that I could
draw a conclusion from the analysis I will have from my research.

Methodology:
Research design
My research used the Qualitative research method to qualitatively analyze the psychological
experience of employees working from home and turning their home into a workstation.
Qualitative research method focuses on collecting and analyzing non-numerical date like video
interviews, audio call, etc. The method is very useful to understand trends in thought and
opinions and go deeper to find the problem. The reason I have not opted for other methods like
Qualitative approach is because of the understanding of the depth of the problem. From closed-
end questions I cannot research a relatively new emerging topic.

Study subjects
I have selected 5 individuals who are working from home since the start of the pandemic in
February 2020. I did not opt for candidates who are working part-time or employees who are
going to office once in a week. By using a purposeful sampling method, the inclusion criteria of
candidates were the one who are working full-time and only working from home without going
to physical office since the pandemic. Participants are chose based on who can best address the
research questions and enhance the understanding of the phenomenon.

Interview outline
I determined the interview outline by consulting relevant literature, seeking experts’ opinions,
and selecting 4 participants who are currently working from home. The main interview questions
posed to the participants are the following:

1. How mixing up personal space with workplace effected your comfort zone?
a. How does setting up the room and turning it into a workstation station impacted
you?
b. When you are not required to wake up early to get to the office, how did it affect
your motivation?
c. Since you have your bed next to you, how often did you feel lethargic?
 2. How difficult was it to manage work-life-balance working from home?
a. Did workstation at home effected relationship with family members?
b. Does your family (wife, kids, parents, etc.) used to complain seeing you staring at
the monitor all day long?
c. Did you religiously follow your regular work time while at home or you took
more breaks compared to usual time?

3. What are the negative effects of working from home?

a. When you only see teammates in a weekly video call or text messages, is it hard
to develop communication that makes for great teams?
b. Does working remotely resulted in different cultural expectations and work
ethics?
c. Was it difficult to manage and maintain accountability of teams? If so, how did
you solve it?

4. Did working from home impacted your mental health?

a. Did you feel isolated working alone all day?
b. How did you cope up with the depression associated with travel restrictions and
social life?
c. What steps have you taken to avoid stress and burnout when working from home?

5. Is it better to work from home or in an office once the pandemic is under control?
a. Do you wish to continue working from home even if situation gets back to
normal?
b. How often do you want to go to a physical workstation (if your employer makes it
mandatory) once the pandemic is over?
c. When working at the office, you don’t have a choice in your work environment or
office setting. You might have a noisy coworker, or sit under the air conditioner,
which could impact your productivity. How will you cope up with that?

Data collection
I have communicated the purpose and significance of the research with the participant in advance
and scheduled an audio call at their convenience. The one-to-one audio interviews were
conducted in a quiet manner without interruptions. The interviews were recorded and each lasted
for 40-60 minutes per person. The researchers remained neutral in collecting the data and
established good relationships with the participants.

Data analysis
Each interview within 24 hours of the recording was transcribed and analyzed by the Qualitative
analysis method.

Ethical review
All participants signed informed consent. The authors promise that there will be no academic
misconduct such as plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, and repeated publication.

Results & Analysis:

In my research, I have enrolled 3 males and 1 female. All of them were aged between 25 and 35.
The work experience of all the participants were at least 5 years. Out of all the participants 2 had
Master’s degree and the other two a bachelor's degree. 50% of all the participants were married
and have at least one kid.

I will analyze the results chronologically, starting with Question 1 in the beginning and so on. I
have summarized the results below keeping it as compact as possible.

The first question tried to understand the mixing of personal space and turning home to
workstation, the motivation part and if the respondents were lethargic at times.

To answer this question, which was broken down into 3 parts, 75% of the participants felt that
turning their homes into an office workstation hampered their comfort zone. As one of the
respondents, Mrs. Atisha said, “There was a blurred line between personal space and workplace which
affected me in many ways, distractions, uncomfortable environment, unhealthy life style, irrelevant
activities such as watching TV during Office time, etc.” Another respondent Mr. Nafees emphasized
saying, “It is but natural that the comfort zone is no longer the place where I used to relax and watch TV”.
Only, one respondent did not have any impact of the change. For the motivation part, again 75% of the
total participants said they were at some point demotivated and lazy with work.

The second question tried to understand the work-life-balance and family issues and whether the
participants followed a regular work time and number of breaks taken.

To answer this question, which was divided into 3 parts, Mr. Nafees said, “I always felt working
from home will enable me to have more time with kids but it turned out opposite and had a very
negative impact on my life”. 50% of the respondents felt work-life balance were difficult to
maintain. One respondent, Mrs. Atisha said, she did not have to balance work and life as she
lives away from her family. Another respondent Mr. Hasib felt otherwise. To quote him, “I think
it allows to maintain a better work life balance due to its nature”. Regarding the last part of the
question, almost all the participants expressed their view saying WFH enables flexibility
associated with more break times compare to regular office hours.

The third is a direct question about the overall negative effects of working from home, with a
focus on communication with team mates, cultural expectation and accountability.

To answer this question, at first the participants felt a bit exhausted while answering. With this
question, the trick was to find out whether participants disagree with the question and talks about
the positive effects of work from home. The answers were naturally same. All the 4 participants
felt one or more negatives about the shifting of work to home. Mr. Hasib Said, “While working
from office, we usually leave at six but while working from home, it’s never too late”. While Mr.
Nafees said it hampered his overall productivity of work. Mrs. Atisha’s reply was slightly
different. She replied saying “The worst experience with work from home was monitoring the
team members”. Regarding the communication with other team mates, 75% felt that developing
and getting in touch with colleagues was quite a difficult task. The last part of the question was
about accountability and solution for it. The answer to this part varied a bit since not all the
participants manages a team. Some are part of a team or still in an executive level. Mr. Nafees
felt accountability was difficult to obtain and often he had to go strict with his team mates. Mrs.
Atisha went on the extent to complete undone work of her subordinates. She said and I quote,
“As the task was incomplete, I voluntarily came forward and completed it”.

The fourth question is broad and was a major part of my research. The question is based on the
mental health and issues associated with it due to the pandemic and work from home. Just like
the previous questions, this too had 3 separate topics that falls under mental health. The
question focused on depression, isolation and coping up with the burnout and after effect.

The answer to this question was quite expected and helped identify many mental health issues
associated with working from home. To start with Mrs. Atisha, “Work from home…was
supposed to be optimistic, productive but it made workers tired, unmotivated, irritable to the
extent that it directly impacted my mental health”. Mr. Nafees said, “At one point I thought I am
losing my sanity as it was very difficult to manage both the work and family. Working all day
and at times having meeting at midnight took my patience away and demotivated me mentally”.
The third respondent Mr. Hasib felt working from home did not have any mental impact on him.
We can see that the majority, 75% of the participants, someway or the other had mental impact
of this sudden shift to work from home. Regarding the isolation and working alone, participant
answered varied slightly form one another. One respondent Mr. Hasib said, “As I am an
extrovert in nature, at times I really miss being at office. I think the warmth of the workplace
really gets you charged up at times”. The second participant, Mrs Atisha said, “This
dysconnectivity from this world and my coworkers, friends made me feel lonely and isolated”.
Another respondent Mr. Nafees felt although he loves working alone but this long period of
working without any coworker eventually got to him. 100% of the participants felt the same
regarding the isolation with workstations at home. The last part of the question is about
depression and solution to it. To this, Mr. Nafees said, “I helped my wife with the dishes every
weekend…Watched cartoons with the kids and played table tennis to keep myself going”. While
another participant Mr. Hasib depression lessened with cooking and family time. 50% of the
participants started working out to burn the exhaustion.

The fifth and final question for my research focused on post-pandemic work routines, situations
when employer makes office from office mandatory and how often participants want to go to
office.

To answer this question, which was broken down into 3 separate parts like the rest, the response
was mix. Majority wants to go back to office once situation gets back to normal. One participant
suggested to have a mix of work from home and work from office. Another participant Mr.
Nafees said, “Now I realize my CEO who stays at home thrice a week, the pressure he goes
through”, indicating the work at office is better. To answer the second part of the question, 100%
of the respondents agreed that they would love to go back to work post the pandemic.
Participant, Mrs. Atisha reflected the reason of going back to office after pandemic, she said,
“Regular workplace gives us a competitive mind set which helps us to be more dedicated to our
work”. Mr. Nafees said, “I was, I am and I will always be a regular 9 to 6 office people”. The last
part of the question discusses about the productivity at office with noisy coworkers or having to
sit under an air conditioner. To answer this part, 100% of the respondents said, a little bit of
consideration post-pandemic will be a way through for them. One final quote to end our findings,
Mr. Nafees regarding office noisy work environment said, “Learn and consider and then become
someone who people will talk about”.

Discussion:
This research explored the experience of employees in different corporate sectors during the
COVID-19 pandemic using qualitative research method. I summarized my findings based on the
research questions and by separating all the parts associated with each question.

The majority of the participants that took part in my research had a negative impact and
discomfort caused by the outbreak and sudden shift of office to home. Intense work pressure,
comfort zone, work-life-balance, mental health issues, etc. all reflected that the turning of home
into workstation had a negative impact on participants. This research reflects the statement by by
Xiao, Becerik-Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas, who said that the shifting to different rooms throughout
the day. In addition to this, due to continuous shift of workspace can lead to discomfort (Xiao,
Becerik-Gerber, C. Roll, & Lucas, 2021). The writers also talked about how difficult it gets to
have a work-life balance at home when the work station is at home. As per the result from the
questions asked, we can see that the majority of the participants at some point had a mental
health issues working from home.
In my research, we can see that participants adopted different methods to adjust to this new
normal routine. Some participants took workout as a stress-buster while some listened to music
as a psychological defense. It has been demonstrated that the measures taken by the participants
while at home can alleviate stress and promote mental health by reducing depression. The
research also demonstrated something that we always thought would be dream like. For instance,
before the pandemic happened, employees would be envious of their bosses who are not frequent
to offices and have mix of work from and office. One respondent, in fact, revealed a realization
that how he feels for his CEO now after have a long tenure of work from home himself. Staying
with family during the pandemic as per the research proven that employees in fact did not have
enough time with their loved ones. As the companies did not the follow the regular office hours
of 9 to 6 at home, some went into saying that they had meetings at midnight. All these eventually
led to a distance between the participant and their families. As stated by Mariana Toniolo and
Leyland Pitt in their article, due to the pandemic employees had to juggle between work and
their personal relationships. Employees worked outside their office hours while working from
home (Toniolo-Barrios & Pitt, 2021).

Although, there was one particular participant who felt work from home did not have any mental
health majority felt otherwise. This particular participant can be associated with the article by
Lina and Nantapong who said that working from home is beneficial for both the employer and
employees and have also identified plenty of advantages like reduced commuting time, avoiding
office politics, using less office space, etc. (Butakhieo & Vyas, 2021). Another important aspect
that we analyzed through our research is many participants agreed there are no exit time from
work home. All of them agreed on this extra work time after office unanimously. This particular
finding could be associated with the survey mentioned in my theoretical framework which says
that the most difficult challenges of work from home are when employees are not able to
disconnect from work even after office hours, challenges to communicate with colleagues and
decrease in motivation (Routley, 2020).

Another important finding was the accountability part. Almost all the participants agreed it was
difficult for them to solve accountability issues as most of the employees were not responsible
enough and one participant mentioned taking actions for failure with completing assigned tasks.
The research concluded with the question of post-pandemic situation where the participants were
asked if they want to move back to office once pandemic is over. Out of 4 participants, 3
preferred to go back to office even if it means to have a noisy work environment. Only one
exception we got form the research where the respondent said he wants mixture of work from
home and office.

Limitation:
Due to the characteristics of qualitative method of research I used a small size of sample for the
paper. Also, since the responses were quite similar, further inclusion of participants would have
not generated any new result. Most of the participants were aged between 25 to 35, this could be
further explored taking another age group who are more at risk with Covid-19, like the age group
between 35-50. The study I did was something that had not enough been researched about. In the
long-term, with more changes in the covid variants, the result may differ.

Conclusion:
This research work provided a compact and great understanding of the experience of employees
when their home has turned into a workplace. The method used is a qualitative approach. We can
conclude that from the participants answers and further analysis, the experience of working from
home has a negative impact on employees. We have explored various aspects such as comfort
zone, family issues, work-life-balance, mental health issues, depress, isolation, situation post-
pandemic. All the data reflected that a majority of the work from employees no longer wants to
sit back inside their homes. Even with certain consideration and transportation cost and early
wake up calls, employees are ready to get back to office post the pandemic.

References:
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Home during COVID-19 on Work and Life Domains: An Exploratory Study on Hong
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Courtney, E. (2021, February 25). The benefits of working from home beyond The Pandemic:
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remote-work/

Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. WHO Declares
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Fosslien, L., & Duffy, W. (2021, February 01). How to combat zoom fatigue. Retrieved March
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Freeport, M. (2020, June 09). Working from home: The ultimate guide. Retrieved March 20,
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GORLICK, A. (2020, April 16). The productivity pitfalls of working from home in the age of
covid-19. Retrieved March 21, 2021, from
https://news.stanford.edu/2020/03/30/productivity-pitfalls-working-home-age-covid-19/

Majumdar, P., Biswas, A., & Sahu, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic AND Lockdown: Cause of
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