Report on

“How to Export of Mango”

AT EVEREST PAKISTAN PVT.LTD

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 Internship Report On

“How to Export of Mango”

AT EVEREST PAKISTAN PVT.LTD

Submitted to:

Sir. Manan Aslam

Course Instructor

BBA Agribusiness

MNSUAM

Submitted by:

Muhammad Ubaidullah

ID: 2017-UAM-548

BBA Agribusiness

MNSUAM

Date of Submission:

9 August, 2021

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Letter of Transmittal

Date

Sir Manan Aslam

Dear Sir,

I am a student of BBA Agribusiness, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of

Agriculture Multan. I am glad to present my internship report on How to Export of
Mango. I worked as an intern for 16 weeks in the Everest Pakistan (pvt) limited ,
Multan and have endeavor my best to follow your guidelines for this report. I
have collected all the possible information which was needed to complete this
report. It was a great challenge for me. I enjoyed every bit of this challenge. I am
earnestly thankful to you for your guidance during the preparation of this term
paper. I hope you will appreciate my collective effort put forth hereby.

Sincerely yours,

Muhammad Ubaid Ullah

ID: 2017-UAM-548

BBA Agribusiness

MNSUAM

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Acknowledgements
First I want to pay my gratitude to almighty Allah for enabling me to prepare the report
successfully. Then I would like to express my sincere gratitude and cordial thanks to some
specific persons who helped me in preparing this report.

Secondly, I want to mention my course instructor, Mr. Manan Aslam, BBA Agribusiness, MNS
University of Agriculture Multan for giving this opportunity to choose and prepare the report on
How to Export of Mango. Undoubtedly, the experience of doing this report will help me
immensely in future working experience. I would like to thank her for giving valuable
instructions and helpful advices in preparing this report.

Lastly, this Report would not have been possible without the dedication and support of my
supervisors and senior colleagues of Everest Pakistan pvt limited company. I express my sincere
gratitude to Mr. Faheem Iqbal shb, CEO of Everest Pakistan pvt limited Company, for his
valuable suggestions and continuous support during the time of my internship what made this
report possible. Moreover, I want to thank, my senior colleagues, Atif Bosan shb Managing
Director, Safdar shb, Attaullah shb Shiraz shb, Abid Bosan shb, for helping me throughout my
internship period to learn those works.

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Exclusive Summary
This internship report stresses on the work experience I have gathered as an Intern in Everest
Pakistan Multan from March 2021 to June 2021. I mainly have incorporated my experience at
Everest Pakistan in different departments Sales & Marketing, Finance & Accounting in this
organization (Everest Pakistan pvt.ltd). The confidence placed in me was quite motivating and
the lessons learned were rewarding indeed. People in the other departments also have been a
big help. To add to this, I am thankful to all the folks I met daily who beamed me bright smiles
that brightened my day. I came into the office with a smile, give my 200% and left with a smile. I
would like to conclude by saying that even though every person will have a different story to
tell, the common factor that binds us all is the good work done by our predecessors in the MNS-
University of Agriculture, Multan. I have given more than 100% of my efforts to keep up that
good work. I am hopeful that as we pass though the corridor of this institution into the real
world. This legacy will be kept and uphold by the future generation of MNS-UAM’s.

During my internship I preferably worked on How to Export of Mango. I have learnt quite a lot
about the Export of Mango, How to issue Phytosanitary Certificate, Pre and Postharvest
Management, Maturity testing of Mango, About Packaging, Transportation approval process,
Control of Ripening etc.

In my internship period I visit different places for gathering of information such as Department
of plant protection office, Mango Research institute of Multan, Shujabad, Blue packages of
Multan, Agro processing Unit industrial estate Multan.

In my Internship period I learn about how to export of mango, how to issue necessary
documents for export, Processing process of mango for export etc.

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 1. INTRODUCTION
Mango exports are valuable source of foreign exchange earnings for Pakistan. As stated earlier,
exports of mangoes from Pakistan increased from 1.16 thousand tons in 1975-76 to 130.21
thousand tons in 2019-20. An increase in mango exports is attributed to an increasing number
of Pakistani immigrants in the importing markets. However, despite increase in exports, share
of Pakistan in global exports is only 6 percent. This is very low when compared with other
mango exporting countries such as Mexico and Brazil which contribute 14 percent and 12
percent respectively

Export of mango from Pakistan is highly concentrated in few markets. Major markets for
Pakistani mangoes include United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman where expatriate
Pakistanis and Indians, are the main consumers. Increased shipping facilities at cheaper rates,
flexible and less stringent food safety requirements are other factors affecting export of
mangoes in these markets. Out of total exports of mangoes from Pakistan, 46 percent was
exported to UAE alone whereas Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, and Bahrain accounted for 17.61
percent, 12.79 percent, 1.55 percent and 1.22 percent respectively during 2019-20. Out of total
exports, 76 percent was exported to three markets (UAE, Saudi Arabia and Oman). United
Kingdom is also an attractive market for exporters from Pakistan mainly due to an increased
demand for mangoes by immigrants (especially from Pakistan).

Although, Pakistan is one of the leading producers of mango, it has been unable to harvest its
full potential for exports. Traditional varieties of mango, improper orchard management, poor
post-harvest handling, traditional marketing practices and lack of compliance to international
standards are some major factors which have set limits in the expansion of mango exports from
Pakistan.

Mango requires careful handling in the supply chain. Controlled temperature, proper packaging
and transportation in reefers determine freshness of mango and its shelf life. Infrastructural
development (particularly roads and storage) further enhance marketing efficiency of this
delicate fruit. International market for mangoes is characterized by increasing competition due
to supplies coming from various geographical sources throughout the year.

1.1 Job description as Intern

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During my internship I preferably worked on How to Export of Mango. I have learnt quite a lot
about the Export of Mango, How to issue Phytosanitary Certificate, Pre and Postharvest
Management, Maturity testing of Mango, About Packaging, Transportation approval process,
Control of Ripening etc.

I have learnt followings during my internship

1st of all, Exporter need to Registered of Orchard from Department of Plant Protection and the
mango Registration start in March.

2ndly Phytosanitary Certificate issue From DPP office.

Fill Necessary info like

i. Application Form (Printed),
ii. Invoice,
iii. Packaging list,
iv. Transport documents
I. Application Form

Application Form contain Following Information Such as

What Kind and quantity of commodity, Country and locality of origin, Name and address of
consigner and consignee, Packaging type, Port of entry , Transport

II. Packaging List

Packaging list is a documents used in international trade. It provides the exporter, international
freight forwarder , and ultimate consignee with information about the shipment, Including how
its packed, The dimension and weight of each package, And the numbers that are noted on the
outside of the boxes.

III. Transport document

Is a kind of documents used to convey information about cargo that is being transported Air
waybill, Bill of lading, Sea freight, These documents are issued by the shipping line, airline,
International trucking company, Rail , freight forwarder or Logistic company

3rd Exporter takes chamber of commerce membership, Chamber of Commerce Register brand
name, logo and pay dues. By joining a chamber of commerce, you can gain discounts on many
of your business needs. You can get discounts on insurances, office supplies, shipping,
marketing, accounting software, and payroll services.

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4th Mango is processed as market requirement Such as in export of mango in Dubai there is no
need of Hot Water Treatment for Europe Hot Water Treatment is done. After Postharvest
mango is packed and being transported by Sea or Air.

1.2 Different aspects of Job Performance

During my Four month internship period, I was assigned for different types of task and
activities; and by doing those tasks I achieved performance appraisal from my supervisor.

I have got experience about followings

 Phyto certificate issue from DPP (Department of Plant Protection) office

 32-A challan form submission in Bank is with 2500 Rs
 Mango Farm Registration
 Take Membership of chamber of commerce
 Role of Mango Research Center Multan
 Pre Harvest Management
 Maturity Testing, Use of different instruments like refractometer, colour
chart etc.
 Transportation to Pack house operation
 Post Harvest management
 Use of different websites to capture customers like Go4.world.com, Global
trade.com, Export portal.com etc.

Objectives of the Study

The major objective of this study is to be present at the course of Practical Orientation in export
of mango, which is essential after the completion of B.B.A.A Program. But the purpose behind
this study is something broader. Objectives of the study are summarized in the following manner.

 To comply with the entire organization working procedure.

 To understand how to export of mango
 How to Issue of necessary documents for export
 Pre harvest management for good quality of mango
 Maturity Testing procedure
 Post harvest management
 To make a association between the theories and practical dealings of Everest company
day to day activities.
 To understand the practical difference that has been taught in the last four years in
courses.

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  To study the performance of the departments as well as EVEREST PAKISTAN Pvt Ltd.
as a whole.
 To have some realistic exposures that will be supportive for my career after completion
of B.B.A. Program.

Methodology of the Study

The report was fully exploratory in nature. Data have been collected from both primary and
secondary sources.

Primary sources of data

• Consultation with the staffs.
• Informal conversation with the clients
• Department of Plant Protection Office
• Agro Processing Facilities Multan
• Mango Research Center of Multan
• Mango Research Center of Shujabad
• Blue Packages of Multan

Secondary sources of data

• Different news papers.
• Everest official website.

Scope of the Report

The study was conducted to evaluate and study the export of mango and activities of the
organization; its problems and probable solution were identified. This report contains the overall
procedure to export of mango and other activities of organization.

Limitations of this Report

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The present study was not out of limitations. But as an intern it was a great opportunity for me to
know the pesticide, seeds and other activities of everest Pakistan pvt ltd.Some constraints are as
follows:

• First, one of the major limitations is the short internship period. Since Four month is not
enough to know everything of a organization activities, so this report does not contain all
the area of EVEREST PAKISTAN Pvt Ltd.
• Second, limitation of the personal knowledge is another one. Since knowledge has no
bound, so this report is incapable to represent all things with more depth.
• Third, because of the limitations of various sources of information the report doesn’t
contain many important information and data.
• Every organization has their own secrecy that is not revealed to others. While collecting
data they did not disclose much information for the sake of organizational confidentiality.
• Since EVEREST personals were very busy they could provide me very little time.

Organization profile
EVEREST Group Pakistan revolves around relentless efforts, sheer dedication and a focused
pursuit to making dreams come true.

It was October 2018 when EVEREST Group formally launched its business operations.
The Team took responsibility to compete business giants empty handed and this was not a new
thing. The Team had a proven track record to transform small scale businesses into multi-billion
corporate giants under steadfast leadership of Dr. Faheem Iqbal, the Chairman of EVEREST
Group. Dr. Atif Bosan is an uncontested industry icon. Under his dynamic leadership, EVEREST
Group became industry leader within no time.

In 2021 – within 3 years of initiating business – EVEREST Group’s yearly business

revenue reached to Rs. 8 billion with more to achieve in upcoming years. In this short period,
EVEREST Group managed to launch three companies (detail given below) to cater different
business needs of customers.

1. EVEREST Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited

2. EVEREST animals cough (Pvt.) Limited

3. EVEREST life Sciences (Pvt.) Limited

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Agriculture is the backbone of the Pakistan economy. By cultivating properly our lands can give
us food grains like wheat, rice and cotton, etc. much more above our needs. The requirements
of foods are increasing vigorously with a rise in our population every year. We need more food
with a rise in living standards the people buy greater quantities of food. Keeping in view the
ever increasing demand for quality agricultural inputs, the company was established in 2018.

Now Everest Pakistan Pvt ltd is one of the leading ISO 9001:2018 Quality Management certified
Agro based group serving as Manufacturers, Producers, Formulators, Importers and
Distributors of pesticides, fertilizers and seeds. From the last two decades it is working with
core values of Integrity, excellence in service, high performance, innovation and growth and has
built its foundation with a strong equity, assets, financials and human resource management.

Everest Pakistan Pvt ltd is committed to serve the farming community with quality products
and have succeeded to offer variety wide range of innovative agrochemical quality products
including pesticides, insecticides, weedisides, seeds, fertilizers etc. Everest Pakistan Pvt ltd
comprises of Three business units (companies) Total business is being looked after through 8
Divisions, 24 Regions, 296 territories and 5 International collaborations. All such business
operation is being controlled by Everest Pakistan Head office in 23 Industrial Estate phase-2
Multan under the dynamic & visionary leader ship of Mr. Faheem Iqbal (CEO), Atif
Bosan(Managing Director).

1.1 Main Office.

Everest Pakistan Head Office in 23 Industrial Estate phase-2 Multan.
1.2 Number of employees.
At present Everest Pakistan pesticides have 450 Everest Pakistan centers across
Pakistan with a sales force of 685 persons 120 among which are on four wheals & 565
on motor bikes.
1.3 Nature of Organization
Sun Crop Group is basically an Agro based group dealing in...
Seeds
Pesticides
Fertilizers

1.4 Competitor.
Syngenta
FMC
Allah Din group
Solex Chemicals
and Aziz group

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1.5 Mission Statement.
To create continuous value for our customers/consumers.
To provide highest level of product and services through centers of excellence.
To provide high tech innovative solutions for crop protection.
To play a proactive role in contributing towards customer satisfaction and
economic development through optimum crop output.
1.6 Vision Statement.
To provide reliable quality crop solutions on optimum prices to all commercial growers
and to protect them from threats of crop production. To be dynamic business group
building robust business that excel at serving their customers and stakeholders through
exceptional products and services in industries and markets that support progression
and economic growth at community, society and country level.

2. INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES
During my internship I have work on different activities but I have work deeply on export of
mango. Following is the whole procedure to export of mango, documentation and varieties of
mango.

HOW TO EXPORT OF MANGO

What is Export?
Send (goods or services) to another country for sale.

Mango Origin
On the basis of presence of maximum number of allied species (20) growing in Malaysia, some
workers are lead to believe that Malaysia Region is the original home of mango.

History of Mango
The mango tree, MangiferaIndica, are native to southeastern Asia, where they have been
grown for more than 4,000 years.

Mango is an excellent source of vitamins A. B ,C and and iron etc. contains water, proteins,
Sugar, Fats, fibers

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Mango cultivation has now spread to many parts of the tropical and sub-tropical world, where
they grow best.

Mangoes were carried to Africa during the 16th century and later found their way aboard
Portuguese ships to Brazil in the 1700s. Later, in 1742, mangoes were found growing in the
West Indies.

In 1860, mangoes were successfully introduced to Florida along the east coast, where only a
few varieties were grown. In 1889, the United States Department of Agriculture introduced a
grafted variety from India called the "Mulgoa," also known as "Mulgoba" in the United States.

Pakistan is an agricultural country and production of fruits is the part and parcel of this sector.
Mango (Mangiferaindica L.) is the king of fruits and one of the most important fruit crop in the
world as well as in Pakistan.

Role of DPP (Department of Plant Protection) in Exports of Mango

1. Phytosanitary Certificate Issue
Is an official document required when shipping regulated articles such as plant and
plant products
2. Plant Protection release order
2% sample take to measure departer
Commodity greater sample size decrease
If sample is accurate to export quality they release order for export
3. 32A Form Give
Submission of challan form of Rs.2500 in Bank
4. Registeration of Mango Orchard
Department of Plant Protection register orchard in March
5. Quarantine Certificate
Pest and disease may be kept at low level for
 Economic injury or
 Economic threshold decrease quarantine basically field to start

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Documents Necessary for Certificate Issue
I. Application Form (Printed)

II. Invoice

III. Packaging list

IV. Transport documents

 Application form

Application form is given from DPP office is with 2500 Rs challan form

Application form contain following info

 Kind and quantity of commodity

 Country and locality of origin

 Name and address of consigner and consignee

 Packaging type

 Port of entry

 Transport/Sea or By Air

Packaging
Is the Science, Art and Technology of enclosing or protecting products,

hygiene control,

Two main function of packaging

1. To assemble the product into convenient units for handling

2. To protect the produce during distribution ,storage and marketing

Packaging List

 Packaging list is a documents used in international trade.

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  It provides the exporter, international freight forwarder , and ultimate consignee
with information about the shipment,
 Including how its packed,
 The dimension and weight of each package,
 And the numbers that are noted on the outside of the boxes.

Transport documents
Following kind of documents used to convey information about cargo that is being
transported

 Air waybill,

 Bill of lading

 Sea freight

These documents are issued by the

 shipping line,

 airline,

 International trucking company,

 Rail , freight forwarder or

 Logistic company

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 Mango Research Institute of Multan/Sujabad
1. Objective of MRI

2. Public services being provided by MRI Multan

3. Mango varieties

4. Mango areas

5. Pre harvest management

6. Maturity testing

1. OBJECTIVES OF MANGO RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MULTAN

 To increase per acre yield by adopting improved and updated research based
technology.
 To increase level of awareness and acceptance of standardized technology.

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  To improve the production technology and post harvest curing to meet the protocols of
national and international markets.

2. LIST OF PUBLIC SERVICES BEING PROVIDED BY MRI, MULTAN

 Advisory services to the mango growers who visit MRI Multan.
 Advisory services to the mango growers at the spot in the orchards.
 Advisory services to the mango growers through printing and electronic media.
 Capacity building of mango growers, exporters, Agri. extension field staff & technical
staff from different pesticide companies through training workshop.
 Laboratory analysis of soil and leaf samples provided by the mango growers.
 Insect and disease diagnosis for the samples provided by the mango growers.
 Provision of clean mango nursery plants on subsidized rates.
 Provision of free of cost scion woods of promising mango selections for grafting to the
mango growers.

3. MANGO VARIETIES

SOME FAMOUS VARIETIES IN PAKISTAN (REGION WISE)

Sindh
Sindhri

Gulab khas

Baganpalli  

Neelum

Punjab
Chounsa

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 Aman
Dusheri
Anwar Ratol
Malde Langra 
Summer bahisht 
Fajri 
Kalan

NWFP
Lengra
SamerBahisht

Baluchistan
Sindhri
Banganpalli

4. Mango areas
Mango export from the country during the current season of the year 2019-2 0 has
reached to 130,000 tons as Pakistani mangoes was introduced in US and Japanese
markets.

Mango is mainly produced in Punjab and Sindh.

 Punjab contributes 67 percent where as

 Sindh shares 32 percent to total production.

 Harvesting begins in Sindh in late May and finishes in Punjb in late August. Sindhri is
the major variety grown in Sindh while in Punjab Chaunsa dominates. Other major
varieties grown in Punjab and Sindh are Began Pali , Langra and Anwar Retaul. Both
Chaunsa and Sindhri are considered as excellent varieties for industry. Sindhri has better
post harvest attributes in terms of taste and demand for export markets.

6. PRE-HARVEST MANAGEMENT

Canopy management to increase yield and improve quality

Recommended Practices

 The recommended practice for canopy management is 35 feet width of plant

and 23 feet height of plant due to this management of Controlled tree size,
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 greater light penetration through the tree, More flowering and less disease,
Healthy fruit and more income.

Timely application of balanced nutrition

 Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash after harvest, Appropriate new
vegetative growth, Growth completed at appropriate time, More flowering, Regular /
High yield

Impact of water stress during dormancy

 No irrigation during dormancy, Resulting in no new growth, Resulting in profuse
flowering, Resulting in high yield

Paclobutrazole application to improve yield and quality

 Application of Paclobutrazole, Irrigation after Paclobutrazole application, No vegetative
growth during rains, Healthy flower and fruit

Orchard sanitation to control diseases

 Pruning with saw, Neat and clean orchard, Removal of dried wood, Healthy flowering,
High yield, Healthy fruit

Orchard floor management to control Insects

 Weed control and removal of dry wood, Weeds controlled and dried wood removed,
Reduced pesticide spray, High yield

Fruit Fly Management

 Sanitation, Spray of Protein Hydrolysate and placement of Methyl Eugenol traps,
Collection and removal of fallen fruit, Less fruit loss, safe and healthy fruit

Control of Inflorescence Midge

 Midge attacked pinnacles, Irrigation - Midge trapped in soil, Less spray and more fruit
High yield

7. MATURITY TESTING

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Maturity significantly influence fruit quality and shelf life
Existing Practices

 Maturity is assessed on the basis of TAPKA "Initiation of natural fruit maturation

Harvested fruits lack uniformity at ripening due to difference in maturity

Recommended practices

 Maturity should be determined by external features (fruit size, surface, shape &
shoulder development) and internal feature (pulp colour, TSS). Harvest fruits randomly
from different trees for maturity assessment that ensures the samples uniformity,
keeping the fruits size and type of harvest (block, flowering times, canopy. position) in
mind, Cut and compare pulp colour with ASLP maturity testing guide , Use
refractometer for estimation of TSS which mainly confirms the level of sweetness in
fruit.

Use and maintenance of refractometer

 Refractometer is used to check the Total Soluble Solids (TSS) of fruit Juice /pulp. It
represents the sugar contents in the fruit juice giving a clear picture regarding the
maturity status of fruit

ANALOGUE REFRACTOMETER

 Cut longitudinal slices of fruit, Squeeze 2 or 3 drops of juice on the prism of

refractometer, Close the lid and view the scale through the eyepiece, Turn the eyepiece
to focus the scale indicating Brix

 DIGITAL REFRACTOMETER

 Turn on the refractometer and ensure the reading is zero or clean sensor with water and
press reset, Fill the sensor with the juice sample and press start. water and wipe with a
soft dry tissue to proceed with next sample, A digital reading will be displayed which
indicates the TSS of sample. Rinse sensor with distilled

8. POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

Harvesting

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 Right time and the right procedure for harvest are key to a better post
harvest life

Recommended Practices
In my internship period I learn about how to harvest, when to harvest.

The recommended practices use for harvest of mangoes is as follows.

Harvest fruits using secateurs or clippers that cut and hold fruit from the top, Do not
harvest in rainy conditions, Harvest fruits early in the morning or late afternoon, Harvest
fruits along with 4-6 inch pedicles & carefully place in clean crates vertically Longer stalk
restricts sap, Harvest fruits from the outer canopy facing towards the sun followed by
the, inner canopy after a few days, Always place fruits under shade and cover the crates
to protect from heat injury, Use blue crates for processing while red crates for rejected
fruits

Transportation (Farm to Pack house)

 Smooth on-farm and off-farm transportation avoids fruit compression and

other transit injuries

9. PACK HOUSE OPERATION

Receive at pack house and initial sorting

Unload the fruits carefully by gently passing over the crates. Keep traceability of the
block from where fruit was harvested; perform critical manual sorting to exclude
defected, damaged and diseased fruits, Use separate crates when sorting
1. Methods for sap management
When fruits are cut without pedicel, sap excludes causing sap contamination.
Therefore, sap management is imperative to avoid sap burn
There are two methods for sap management
Physical De-Sapping
Chemical De-Sapping
i. Physical De-Sapping
Fruits along with pedicles are re-cut at about 1cm away from fruit and immediately
placed on specially designed racks/ desapping frames with the stem end facing towards
the ground which allows sap to drain, De-sapped fruits are kept on wooden, plastic or

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 iron rack for 30-60 minutes, S.B Chaunsa has more sap and requires more time.
Secateurs need to be regularly cleaned during operation

ii. Chemical De-Sapping

Fruits with attached pedicels are dipped in the lime solution (0.5%) and the pedicel is
manually broken with the fruit dipped into the solution for about 2 minutes. After de-
sapping with lime, fruits should be washed in clean chlorinated water (150 ppm
chlorine) and dried.

2. Washing
Removal of dust and other residues from fruit skin are necessary for cleaning of
produce, Place the fruits gently on the conveyor, Wash & brush the fruits sufficiently at
a controlled RPM only to remove foreign matter (dust, chemical residues) with
measured and equal pressure of water. Monitor cleanliness of brushes and water
regularly, do not brush fruits for more than 30 seconds and use soft (horse tail /nylon)
brush

3. Grading
Proper fruit grading helps in uniformity and increase market return, Grading is done
based on their, Size, Weight and, Colour, Shape

4. Hot Water Treatment

Calibrate the temperature in the hot water dip system Temperature and duration of hot
water treatment for fruit fly disinfection is according to the requirement of the
importing country, China: 48*C for 60 min, Iran: 45'C for 75 min, Hot water fungicidal
dip: 52'C for 5 minutes

Pakistan's first and South Asia's largest hot water treatment plant for mango processing
was inaugurated in Karachi. The plant has a capacity to process 10 tons of mangoes per
hour in accordance with USDA standards., According to Bangladesh Agriculture Research
Institute (BARI) the cost on Hot Water Treatment is Rs=0.17 per Kg.

5. Vapoure treatment
54*C for 25 mint

6. Radiation

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 For fruit fly disinfection Radiation of Cobalt 60 is done.

PARAS for Cobalt is present in Lahore

7. Packing
Packaging is the key customer’s attraction and helps in easy handling and transportation
of fruit, Pack fruit in corrugated boxes tight enough to be held together but not to press
each other. Some markets like China prefer mesh sleeves Use lables with food grade
glue wooden boxes are used for packing are overfilled Sometimes, fruit size vary in box

9. Ripening
Inappropriate practices

 Calcium carbide is used for ripening which has been banned internationally due to
health hazards (carcinogenic) effects

2. Recommended Practices

 Use ethylene gas produced by catalytic Plug in generator in the ripening room generator
for uniform ripening and premium• Give shots of ethylene gas (100 ppm) after every 6-8
hours at the optimum varietal ripening temperature for 24-48 hours

10.Control of Ripening
Measure to control ripening helps to increase the shelf life of fruits.

1. Temperature Regulation
 Rate of ripening increases with the increase in temperature. Storage at low temperature
immediately after harvest reduces the rate of respiration and ethylene production.
Storing in low temperature below optimum level (10 to 12*C) results in cold injury and
spoilage of fruit quality.

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 2. Regulation of storage atmosphere
 The natural atmospheric air is conductive for the synthesis of ethylene. Lowering oxygen
content or increasing carbon-di-oxide concentration in the air within the storage cabinet
retards ethylene production. Decreasing O2 concentration below 5 per cent and
increasing CO2 concentration between 3 to 10 per cent delayed ripening by inhibiting
ethylene. The shelf-life of fruits can thus be increased.

3. Chemical Regulators
 Potassium permanganate is a good ethylene absorbent. Using KMnO, coated newspaper
as packing materials in the bottom delays ripening.

4.1-MCP (1-Methylcyclopropene)
 Cyclopropane derivative (Cyclodextrin powder), Gaseous ethylene action inhibitor, Non-
toxic, Odourless gas, Binds irreversibly to ethylene receptor, Simple organic
compound(C,H), (Sisler and Serek, 1999)

1-MCP Mode of Action

 Works by tightly binding to the ethylene receptor site in fruit tissues, thereby blocking
the effects of ethylene. Once ethylene production is prevented. It no longer promotes
ripening and senescence. Blocking of ethylene receptor by 1-MCP gas causes fruits to be
works by tightly binding to the ethylene receptor site in fruit tissues, thereby blocking
the effects of ethylene. Once ethylene production is prevented. It no longer promotes
ripening and senescence. Blocking of ethylene receptor by 1-MCP gas causes fruits to be
ripen and soften more slowly.

Commercial products of 1-MCP are

EthyBloc®- for use with ornamentals

SmartFresh® - for use with fruit and vegetables

11. Transport
Means of transport by Aircraft, ship, truck, railroad

Container transport

Refrigerated container with fresh air supply or controlled atmosphere.

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 Cargo handling
Mangoes are highly pressure and impact sensitive and appropriate care must therefore
be taken during cargo handling. The cold chain must at all costs be maintained, since the
cargo will otherwise spoil rapidly. In damp weather (rain, snow), the cargo must be
protected from moisture, as there is otherwise a risk of premature spoilage. In June last
year, the price of Pakistani mango exported by a Gwadar company was 21.8 yuan per
catty. Through Air, Sky cargo, Sea Shipment.

12. SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTH
 Varieties like "Chaunsa" mango are recognized as one of the best varieties. 

 Pakistan is included among the top ten mango producing countries in the world. 

 Priority fruit crop supported by major programs Availability of raw material (mangoes)
with a 

 Consistent growth in production.

 Availability of farm labour and technical expertise.

WEAKNESSES
 Irregular & inconsistent supply of quality fruits Short storage life and inadequate post
harvest facilities

 Non availability of cold storage and reefer container facilities at airports & seaports 

Limited air space and high freight costs

OPPORTUNITIES
 Prospective markets within geographic proximity i.e., Middle Eastern countries.

 Domestic competition level is moderate for a modern processing unit. Presence of

premium domestic markets.

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  Lower tariff imposed by importing countries under GATT and by EU countries.

 Expansion opportunity in new markets like Far East and Central Asia.

THREATS
 Competition from other mango producing countries.

 Trade protectionism, which may be applied by countries due to "fruit/white fly virus etc.

 Ruthless competition amongst local exporters.

 Trade restriction if imposed by the importing countries.

Conclusion
Through Pakistan is the major producing country of mango but still our country suffers
from 20 to 25% losses. These losses can be overcomes by improving postharvest
management and practices like better packaging and storage, preventing ripening, hot
water treatment, and proper marketing plan

For good quality of mango Pre harvest management is done such as canopy
management to increase yield and improve quality, timely application of balanced
nutrition, Orchard floor management to control Insects, Fruit Fly Management.

Issuing procedure of phyto certificate necessary document required such as Application

form, Transport documents, 32-A challan form, packaging list etc.

References
Dr. Imtyaz shb Regional officer of Department of Plant Protection Multan

Contact no. 03331670437

Atif shb Mango Research Centre Shujabad

Contact no. 03013056209

Mr Sami Blue packages of Multan

Contact no. 03079178869

Mr. Faheem Iqbal shb CEO of Everest Pakistan Pvt Limited.

Contact no. 03027772710

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