FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUB: ENGINEERING MANAGEMENTS AND ECONOMIC
4TH STAGE
SECOND SEMESTER 2019-2020

L6: TYPES OF ESTIMATION

LECTURER : ABDULQADIR BAYZ HAMMAD AMIN

 TYPES OF ESTIMATION
1. Rough cost estimate
2. Plinth area estimate
3. Cubical content estimate
4. Quantity estimate
5. Approximate quantity method
6. Detailed or item rate estimate
7. Revised estimate
8. Supplementary estimate
9. Repair and Maintenance
estimate
10.A complete estimate 2
1- PRELIMINARY OR APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE.
This estimate is prepared to decide financial aspect, policy and to give idea of the
cost of the proposal to the competent sanctioning authority. It should clearly show
the necessity of the proposal and how the cost has been arrived at .
The calculations for approximate estimate can be done with the following data. The
data can be had from a similar construction already complete in the nearby area,
executed by the department.
For example: To calculate approximate estimate for a Hospital, per bed cost is
calculated from the recent completed hospital and is multiplied with the number of
beds required. Similarly for a house, per square metre plinth area is calculated and
is multiplied with the proposed covered area. The specifications should also be
same. For a road, expenditure of per kilometer length is taken, width also plays the
role.
3
THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS
SHOULD BE ATTACHED WITH IT.

(a) Detailed report

(b) Site plan of the proposal
(c) It should also clearly mention about the acquisition of land,
Provision of electric and water supply etc.

4
2-PLINTH AREA ESTIMATE (BASED ON ROUGH COST)
Plinth area of a building means Length x Breadth ( roofed portion
only ) excluding plinth offsets. The estimates are prepared on the
basis of plinth areas of the various buildings proposed to be
constructed. The rates are being arrived at the dividing the total cost
of construction with its plinth area. For example if total cost of a
building is 15, 000 $ and its plinth area is 50 sq. m. then plinth area
rate =15,000 / 50 = 300$ / per sq.m.
Using this rate as basis of the next construction, approximate or rough
cost of the proposal can be arrived at by multiplying the plinth area of
the proposed building with this plinth area rate. 5
The following documents are attached with the estimate.

(a) Line plan with brief specifications.

(b) Cost of various services added i.e. electric and water supply etc.

(c) North line should be shown clearly on line plan.

6
3. CUBIC CONTENTS ESTIMATE (BASED ON ROUGH
COST)
The cubic contents of a building means plinth area x height of the building. The height is taken from top of
floor level to top of roof.
The cubic contents of the proposed building are multiplied with cubic rates arrived at for the similar
construction i.e. total cost of construction divided by cubic contents = cost per cubic metre.
The following documents are attached with the estimate.
(a) Line plan with brief specifications.
(b) Cost of various services added i.e. electric and water supply etc.
(c) North line should be shown clearly on line plan

7
 3-DETALED ESTIMATION

The preparation of detailed estimate consists

of working out quantities of various items of
work and then determine the cost of each
item. This is prepared in two stages.
i) Details of measurements and calculation
of quantities:
The complete work is divided into various
items of work such as earth work concreting,
brick work, R.C.C. Plastering etc., The details of
measurements are taken from drawings and
entered in respective columns of prescribed
proforma. the quantities are calculated by
multiplying the values that are in numbers
column to Depth column as shown below: 8
ii) Abstract of Estimated
Cost :
The cost of each item of work is
worked out from the quantities
that already computed in the
details measurement form at
workable rate. But the total cost
is worked out in the prescribed
form is known as abstract of
estimated form. 4%of estimated
Cost is allowed for Petty
Supervision, contingencies and
Unforeseen items
9
THE DETAILED
ESTIMATE SHOULD
ACCOMPANIED WITH

i) Report
ii) Specification
iii) Drawings (plans, elevation,
sections)
iv) Design charts and calculations
v) Standard schedule of rates

10
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
WHILE PREPARING DETAILED
ESTIMATE:

i) Quantity and transportation of materials: For bigger project, the

requirement of materials is more. such bulk volume of materials will
be purchased and transported definitely at cheaper rate.
ii) Location of site: The site of work is selected, such that it should
reduce damage or in transit during loading, unloading, stocking of
materials.
iii) Local labour charges: The skill, suitability and wages of local
laboures are considered while preparing the detailed estimate.

11
 PROBLEM: I

Calculate the quantities of the following items

from the given figure, 3.12 up to G.L., using
(a) Centre line method
(b) Crossing method.
1. Excavation for foundations.
2. Cement Concrete in foundations.
3. Brick work in cement mortar (1:4)

12
 HOW TO FIX CENTRE LINE
• The Centre line of the given plain marked and centre to centre distances of walls are added. Refer given
figure 3.12, the total length of centre line, room-wise is as under from top right corner.
• All horizontal – 4.60 + 4.90 + 4.90 + 4.60 + 4.90=23.90
• All vertical – 3.90 + 3.90 + 3.90 + 4.0 + 4.0=19.70
• Total centre line length= 23.90+19.70=43.60
• But there are hatched rectangles showing that these portions have been added twice i.e. this portion is part
of both the lines meeting at rt. Angle to each other. So this portion is to be added only once.
• The deductions to be made are as under:-
1. At L-junction Walls (Corner)
At L-junction, two squares P & R are formed. The hatched portion R‟ comes twice, whereas portion „P‟ does
not come even once. So „P‟ is compensated with „R‟ coming twice. Thus in the case of L-junction, no deduction
is to be done from the total length of centre line.
2. At T-junction Walls.
13
In this case, the hatched rectangular portion „Q‟ comes twice. So the deduction in this case is ½ of thickness of
item (wall) for each T-junction.
For the centre line calculation- Corner
• the area (R)hatched have been calculated two
times, one with centre line- 1 other time with
centre line-2.
• And the area (P) have not been calculated in any
case. For corner junction the area (R)keep balance
of area (P)
• You are not take any action to the corner junction
For the centre line calculation- T-Junction
• the area (Q)hatched have been calculated two
times, one with centre line-1 other time with
centre line-2
• So, it needs to subtract in one of the centre line by
half of item width (0.5)

Centre line-1

Centre line-1
Centre
line-2
Centre
line-2 14
For the centre line calculation- Cross
junction
• the area (S)hatched have been
calculated two times, one with centre
line-1 other time with centre line-2 Centre
• So, it needs to subtract in one of the
centre line by one of item width (1) line-2
during centre line calculation

Centre line-1

15
2. At Cross Walls.
In this case also, the hatched square portion „S‟ comes twice. So, for correct calculations, it is
to be added only once. Thus for a cross wall, the deduction is thickness of wall.

In this example
The centre line for an element =Total centre line – T(junction 0.5)*width of element* number
of T-juction in the plan- Gross junction (+) * width of element*number of gross junction
The centre line for excavation (width 1 metre) =43.6- 0.5*1*2-1*1*1=43.6-1-1=41.6 m
The centre line for Cement concrete in Foundation excavation (width 1 metre) =43.6- 0.5*1*2-
1*1*1=43.6-1-1=41.6 m
The centre line for 60 thick wall = 43.6-0.5*0.6*2-1*0.6*1=43.6-0.6-0.6=42.4 m
The centre line for 50 mm wall thickness= 43.6-0.5*0.5*2-1*0.5*1= 43.6-0.5-0.5=42.6 m
The centre line for 40 mm wall thickness= 43.6-0.5*0.4*2- 1*0.4*1= 43.6- 0.4-0.4= 42.8 m
16
BY USING CENTRE LINE

17
2. BY USING
CROSSING
METHOD

18
Example 2 :- From the given figure below calculate the details and abstract estimate for the single
Storied residential building
with no of rooms (Load bearing type structure) by Centre Line Method
Total centre line length =(3.3+3.8)3+3.8×3+4.3×2=41.3m
no of T Junctions = 4

19
20
21
THANK YOU

22