Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Question 1
RL : Tension (Taking moment about B)

Case 1 : 1.4 DL +1.6 LL

4 x RL + 4 x 25 = 1.4 x 2 x 20 + 1.6 x 4 x 50
1.4 x 20
1.6 x 50
RL = 69 kN
25

A B
RL

1.4 x 5
Case 2 :1.4 DL + 1.4 WL

4 x RL + 4 x 25 = 1.4 x 2 x 20 + 1.4 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5 1.4 x 5

RL = 31 kN
1.4 x 5 1.4 x 20

25
A B
RL

1.2 x 5
Case 3 :1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL

4 x RL + 4 x 25 1.2 x 5
= 1.2 x 2 x 20 + 1.2 x 4 x 50 + 1.2 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5

RL = 83 kN (Control) 1.2 x 5 1.2 x 20

1.2 x 30

25
A B
RL

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

RL : Compression (Taking moment about B)

Case 1 : 1.4 DL +1.6 LL

4 x RL + 2 x 20 = 1.4 x 4 x 25
20
RL = 25 kN 0

1.4 x 25
A B
RL

1.4 x 5

Case 2 :1.4 DL + 1.4 WL

1.4 x 5
4 x RL + 2 x 20 = 1.4 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5 + 1.4 x 4 x 25

RL = 67 kN (Control) 1.4 x 5 20

1.4 x 25
A B
RL

1.2 x 5
Case 3 :1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL

4 x RL + 2 x 20 = 1.2 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5 + 1.2 x 4 x 25 1.2 x 5

RL = 56 kN
1.2 x 5 20
0

1.2 x 25
A B
RL

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

RR : Tension (Taking moment about A)

Case 1 : 1.4 DL +1.6 LL

4 x RR + 4 x 25 + 6 x 20 = 0
20
RR = -55 kN (no net tension)
0

25
A B
RR

1.4 x 5

Case 2 :1.4 DL + 1.4 WL

1.4 x 5
4 x RR + 4 x 25 + 6 x 20 = 1.4 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5

RR = -13 kN (no net tension) 1.4 x 5 20

25
A B
RR

1.2 x 5
Case 3 :1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL

4 x RR + 4 x 25 + 6 x 20 = 1.2 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5 1.2 x 5

RL = -19 kN (no net tension)

1.2 x 5 20
0

25
A B
RR

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

RR : Tension (Taking moment about A)

Case 1 : 1.4 DL +1.6 LL

4 x RR = 1.4 x 4 x 25 + 1.4 x 6 x 20 + 1.6 x 8 x 50

1.4 x 20
RR = 237 kN (Control) 1.6 x 50

1.4 x 25
A B
RR

1.4 x 5
Case 2 :1.4 DL + 1.4 WL

4 x RR 1.4 x 5
= 1.4 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5 + 1.4 x 4 x 25 + 1.4 x 6 x 20

RR = 119 kN 1.4 x 5 1.4 x 20

1.4 x 25
A B
RR

1.2 x 5
Case 3 :1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL

4 x RR = 1.2 x 4 x 25 + 1.2 x 6 x 20 1.2 x 5

+ 1.2 x 8 x 50 + 1.2 x (4 + 8 + 12) x 5
1.2 x 5 1.2 x 20
RL = 222 kN
1.2 x 50

1.2 x 25
A B
RR

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 Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Summary

RL (kN) RR (kN)
Loading Case Tension Compression Tension Compression
1) 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL 69 25 237 (Control)
2) 1.4 DL + 1.4 WL 31 67 No net tension 119
3) 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 WL 83 (Control) 56 222

Maximum design tension at the left-hand support = 83 kN

Maximum design compression at the left-hand support = 67 kN
Maximum design tension at the right-hand support : no net tension
Maximum design compression at theright left-hand support = 237 kN

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Question 2

The tributary area for the exterior pair of central hanger is shown in above diagram
Tributary area = 16.8 x 8.85 = 148.68 m2

Part A – Dead Load

Various distributed dead loads to be applied uniformly on the plan:

1) Self weight of concrete = 24 x 0.1 (slab thickness to be 100 mm) = 2.4 kPa
2) Average self weight of floor steel framing = 0.5 kPa
3) Weight of ceiling and finishing = 0.5 kPa
4) Weight of partition = 0.5 kPa
Total = 3.9 kPa

Distributed dead load to be applied uniformly on elevation:

1) Cladding (glazing) = 0.3 kPa

Height of each floor = 4.2 m

Since there are six floors in the third block of floor,

total dead load exerted by the hanger can be evaluated as the following,

DL = 6 x (148.68 x 3.9 + 0.3 x 16.8 x 4.2)

= 3606.12 kN

Part B – Imposed Load

Distributed live load on the plan for office floors = 3.0 kPa
(Table 1, Building Regulation Cap 123B Reg. 17 - Imposed Loads)
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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Total imposed load exerted by the hanger

IL = 6 x 148.68 x 3
= 2676.24 kN

Part C – Design Load

Factored design load = 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL = 9330.55 kN

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Question 3
.
An = Ag − ∑ td + ∑ 0.25S 2t / g
Ag = 320 × 22 = 7920mm 2
Si = 60mm, t = 22mm, g i = 50mm

Case 1:

An = 7920 − 3 × 22 × 22 = 6468mm 2 < Ag

Case 2:

An = 7920 − 5 × 22 × 22 + 4 × 0.25 × 602 × 22 / 50 = 7084mm 2 > Ag

(Not control)

Case 3:

An = 7920 − 4 × 22 × 22 + 2 × 0.25 × 602 × 22 / 50 = 6776mm 2 < Ag

(Not control)

Case 4:

An = 7920 − 3 × 22 × 22 + 2 × 0.25 × 602 × 22 / 50 = 7260mm 2 < Ag

(Not control)

Hence, case 1 would give the most critical failure path with An = 6468 mm

For S355 steel with thickness of 22mm, Py = 345 N/mm2 (Table 3.2)
Ke = 1.1 (Cl. 9.3.4.4)

Required tensile capacity = Py Ae = Py K e An = 345 ×1.1× 5588 = 2120.646 kN

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Question 4
Part A – Detecting Critical Member

B
C

D E

F G

By inspection, members A-B and B-D are possible critical member.

Member D-F is rejected although it belongs to one of the tension tie members of the
structure when comparing with member B-D.
Because of the acuter inclination angles, members A-B and B-D are likely to take up
more tension forces.

1.6 x 600 kN
FAB
FAC

Angle ABC = arctan (4/7) = 29.7o

Taking moment about C,

3000 × 1.6 × 600 = BC × sin(29.7 o ) × FAB
FAB = 1451.206 kN

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

1.6 x 600 kN

FBD

Angle BDE = arctan (2) = 63.435o

Taking moment about E,

5000 × 1.6 × 600 = DE × sin(63.435 o ) × FBD
FBD = 1341.641 kN

As a result, design tension capacity = 1451.206 kN

Part B – Design of Tension Member

For double flange channels with intermediate connections

28mm holes

12mm

Design area of channel section = FAB / py = 1451.2 / 275 = 5277 mm2

(Providing a minimum required area for us to start with in the selection stage)

We choose 230 x 75 x 26 channel section,

t = 6.5 mm, D = 230 mm, py = 275 kN/mm2 (Table 3.2)

(Structural steel sections)

Ag = 2 x (32.7 x 100) = 6540 mm2

a1 = 2 x (230 x 6.5) = 2990 mm2

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall
2
a2 = 6540 – 2990 = 3550 mm
Ke = 1.2 (Cl. 9.3.4.4)
ae1 = 1.2 x (3550 – 4 x 28 x 6.5) = 2714 mm2
ae2 = a2 = 3550 mm2
Ae = ae1 + ae2 = 6264 mm2 < Ag
Pt = 275 x (7882 – 0.25 x 4750) = 1479 kN > FAB OK!
(Cl. 8.6.4)

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Question 5
Part A – Detecting Critical Member

P P P

RR
RL
1 2
3 4

Possible critical tension members

In this case, only one loading combination is needed to be considered (1.4 DL + 1.6 LL)
P = 1.4 x 30 + 1.6 x 60 = 138 kN

By symmetry, RL = RR
∑ Fx = 0 ⇒ RL + RR = 3P ⇒ 2 R = 3P ⇒ R = 3 × 138 / 2 = 207kN
By inspection, members 1, 2, 3 and 4 would be possible critical tension members.
Again by symmetry, tension forces in members 1 & 4 are the same. Tension forces in
members 2 & 3 are also the same.

B P A P P
O

RR
RL

B A
From A-A session,
∑ M O = 0 ⇒ 3500 × Fmember 2 + 3500 ×138 = 10500 × 207
Fmember 2 = 483kN

Introducing a cut along B-B,

∑ Fy = 0 ⇒ Fmember 4 × cos(45o ) = 207
Fmember 4 = 293kN

Therefore, the design tension force for the structure = 483 kN

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall

Part B – Design of Tension Member

(a) Bolted connection

Design area of section = Frequired / py = 427 / 275 = 1756 mm2

We choose 120 x 120 x 12 equal-leg angle section,

t = 12 mm, A = 120 mm, py = 275 kN/mm2 (Table 3.2)

(Structural steel sections)

Ag = 27.5 x 100 = 2750 mm2

a1 = 120 x 12 = 1440 mm2
a2 = 2320 – 1440 = 1310 mm2
Ke = 1.2 (Cl. 9.3.4.4)
ae1 = 1.2 x (1440 – 22 x 12) = 1411.2 mm2
ae2 = a2 = 1310 mm2
Ae = ae1 + a2 = 2721.2 mm2 < Ag
Pt = 275 x (2721.2 – 0.5 x 1310) = 568.2 kN > Frequired OK!
(Cl. 8.6.3)

Ae − ( Ae − 0.5a2 ) 0.5a2 0.5(1310)

Loss of efficiency = = = = 23.8%
Ag Ag 2750

(b) Welded connection

In order to have a fair comparison, we choose 120 x 120 x 12 equal-

leg angle section,

t = 12 mm, A = 120 mm, py = 275 kN/mm2 (Table 3.2)

(Structural steel sections)

Ag = 27.5 x 100 = 2750 mm2

a1 = 120 x 12 = 1440 mm2
a2 = 2320 – 1440 = 1310 mm2 (Cl. 9.3.4.4)
Ae = Ag = 2750 mm2 (For welded connection)
Pt = 275 x (2750 – 0.3 x 1310) = 648.2 kN > Frequired OK!
(Cl. 8.6.3)

Ae − ( Ae − 0.3a2 ) 0.3a2 0.3(1310)

Loss of efficiency = = = = 14.3%
Ae Ag 2750

Therefore, we can conclude that welding can reduce efficiency loss from outstanding
area. A lighter weight member can be selected which can still achieve the design tensile
strength requirement.

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Solution for Problem Set 1 2010 Fall
We select 90 x 90 x 12 equal-leg angle section,

t = 12 mm, A = 100 mm, py = 275 kN/mm2 (Table 3.2)

(Structural steel sections)

Ag = 20.3 x 100 = 2030 mm2

a1 = 100 x 12 = 1200 mm2
a2 = 2030 – 1200 = 830 mm2 (Cl. 9.3.4.4)
Ae = Ag = 2030 mm2 (For welded connection)
Pt = 275 x (2030 – 0.3 x 830) = 489.8 kN > Frequired OK!
(Cl. 8.6.3)

Weight of member = 15.9 kg/m

Remark: Section 120 x 120 x 12 equal-leg angle section can also be a design solution to
the problem.

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