16th International Conference on New Trends in Fatigue and Fracture (NT2F16)

May 24-27, 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia

MODELING OF RESIDUAL STRESS RELAXATION OF FATIGUE IN

42CrMo4 NITRIDED LAYERS
Rafik BECHOUEL1,2 Mohamed Ali TERRES 2
1
National Engineering School of Sousse ENISO, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
2
LMMP, Mechanical Laboratory of Material and Methods, Higher National Engineering School of
Tunis, ENSIT, Tunis, Tunisia
Abstract: Ionic nitriding has a favorable effect on the resistance of materials. Profiles of residual
stress evolves over at least substantially during cyclic loading .In this paper Kodama and
Seungho Han and Zaroog models are analyzed and discussed and applied for predicting re-
sidual stress relaxed profiles for 42CrMo4 nitrided state (the gas mixture of 20% N2 and
80% H2, and the temperature of 520 °C were used in ion nitriding for t=30 hours). This
work shows that relaxation of residual stresses under cyclic loading depends on many para-
meters, but it is mostly conditioned by the nature of the material and the applied loading.
The result showed that the compressive residual stress in the 10th or 20th load cycle can be
relaxed by more than 45% .

Keywords: nitrided layers, residual stress relaxation, modeling residual stress relaxation

1.Introduction
It is well established that the compressive residual stresses resulting from the different surface
treatments such as, shot peening, ionic nitriding, have a favorable effect on the resistance to
fatigue crack initiation and therefore improve the fatigue resistance of nitrided layers. The
distribution of these constraints evolves over at least substantially during cyclic loading in the
HCF domain. [1,2,3].
2.Residual stress relaxation modeling
2.1 Seungho Han and al model
A linear decrease of the residual stress depending on the exponent of the number of N cycles,
has been proposed by Seungho Han et al. with a relationship between the ratio of residual
stresses after a single loading cycle to the initial residual stress.
(σres)relaxed=(σres)initial * N-k (1) With the parameters of this model are in this table:
Model Applied stress (MPa) K N (Number of cycles)
Seungho and all 784 0.05 106 or 2*106
The application of this model to ionic nitrided state gives the results below figure 1
Residual stress (MPa) Residual stress (MPa)

Depth (mm) Depth (mm)

for 106 cycles for 2*106 cycles

Figure 1: Relaxed residual stress profile of 42CrMo4 nitrided. σapp=784MPa

1∗
Corresponding author
E-mail address: bechouel.rafik@gmail.com (Rafik BECHOUEL)
 Stress relaxation occurs when the superposition of the applied stresses and residual stresses
exceeds the yield stress [1]
2.2 Kodama model
At N> 10 the relaxation behavior of residual stress along longitudinal direction for applied
stresses 870 MPa for nitrided state which shows in figure 2 can be described as:
σ NRs = −324 + 20 log N (2)
Logarithm of cycling number,M
Residual Stress (MPa)

Figure 2: Relationships of residual stress and logarithm of cycling number,M. Kodama model
Based on the data of the work in this study, the relaxation of the compressive residual stress
in the 20th cycle is about 62%
2.3. Zaroog model
After the 10th cycle, residual stress relaxation may be due to micro- plastic strains accumu-
lating from cycle to cycle. The residual stress relaxation along longitudinal direction for ap-
plied stresses of 870 MPa. which shows in figure 3 can be calculated as follows:
σ RS ( N ) = −401 + 35 log N (3)
The relation between residual stress and cyclic number is show in figure 3

Figure 3: Relationships of residual stress and logarithm of cycling number,M. Zaroog Model.
However, the relaxation rate is increased with increasing load.
3.Conclusion
Stress relaxation occurs when the superposition of the applied stresses and residual stresses
exceeds the yield stress. The stability of residual stresses in 42CrMo4 material due to cyclic
loading was presented and equations to estimate the residual stress relaxation were proposed..
The estimation was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. However, un-
til now there is no unique and powerful model for determining residual stresses relaxed after
cyclic loading.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Mr. Abdeddaiem JEBAHI BOUDHIR instructor at the
Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Djerba for his support.
References
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tion of fatigue in 2024-T351 aluminium alloy. International Journal of Fatigue 33 (2011) 279–285
[2] Omar Suliman Zaroog, Aidy Ali, B.B. Sahari and Rizal Zahari, Modelling of Residual Stress Re-
laxation: A Review; Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 17 (2): 325 – 336 (2009)
[3] K. Zhan, C. H. Jiang and V. Ji. Residual Stress Relaxation of Shot Peened Deformation Surface
Layer on S30432 Austenite Steel under Applied Loading. Materials Transactions, Vol. 53, No. 9
(2012) pp. 1578 to 1581