Binomischer Satz

6-E Vorkurs, Mathematik

 Binomischer Satz

n
(a + b) =

( ) ( ) ( )
= n a n b 0 + n a n−1⋅b1 + n a n−2⋅b 2 + … + n
0 1 2 n−1 ( )
a 1⋅b n−1 + n a 0 b n =
n ( )
n

∑
k =0
( )
n a n−k ⋅b k
k

Binomialkoeffizienten (“n über k”):

 
n
k
=
n!
k ! n − k  !
k , n ∈ ℕ* , k  n

 
n
0
= 1,
 
n
1
= n,
 =1
n
n

n Fakultät: n ! = 1⋅2⋅ 3  n 0! = 1

6-1 Vorkurs, Mathematik

 Binomischer Satz

Die Formel
n
a  b = n
∑
k =0
  n
k
a n −k ⋅ b k

eignet sich auch zur Berechnung von a − bn

a − bn =

 
= an − n
1  
a n− 1 ⋅ b 1  n
2
a n− 2 ⋅ b 2 −  
 n
n −1  a 1 ⋅ b n− 1  −1n b n =

 
n
n
= ∑
k =0
−1 k
k
a n− k ⋅ b k

In allen Gliedern, in denen eine ungerade Potenz von b

steht, erscheint ein Minuszeichen.

6-2 Vorkurs, Mathematik

 Binomischer Satz: Aufgaben 1-5

Entwickeln Sie folgende Binome

Aufgabe 1: 5
( x + y)

Aufgabe 2: 6
(x + y)

Aufgabe 3: 3
(x − y)

Aufgabe 4: (x − y)5

Aufgabe 5: 5
Blaise Pascal (a + 2 b)

7-A Vorkurs, Mathematik

 Binomischer Satz: Lösung 1

(x + y) = x + 5
5 5
1 ( ) x ⋅y+ 5
4
2 ( ) x ⋅y + 5
3 2
3( ) 2 3
( )
x ⋅y + 5
4
4
x⋅ y + y
5

 
5
1
=
5!
1 ! 5 − 1 !
=
5!
4!
= 5

 
5
2
=
5!
2 ! 5 − 2 !
=
5!
2! 3!
= 10

 
5
3
=
5!
3 ! 5 − 3 !
=
5!
3! 2!
= 10

 
5
4
=
5!
4 ! 5 − 4 !
=
5!
4! 1!
= 5

5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
( x + y ) = x + 5 x ⋅ y + 10 ⋅ x ⋅ y + 10 ⋅ x ⋅ y + 5 ⋅ x ⋅ y + y

7-1 Vorkurs, Mathematik

 Binomischer Satz: Lösung 2

 x  y 6 =

= x6  6
1   x5⋅ y  6
2    
x4 ⋅ y2  6
3
x3 ⋅ y3  6
4  x2⋅ y4  6
5  x ⋅ y5  y 6

 
6
1
=
6!
1! 6 − 1!
=
6!
5!
= 6

 2  2! 6 − 2! 2! 4! 2 = 15
6 = 6!
=
6!
=
5⋅6

 3  3! 6 − 3! 3! 3! 2⋅3 = 20
6 = 6!
=
6!
=
4⋅5⋅6

 4  4!  6 − 4! 4! 2! 2 = 15
6 = 6!
=
6!
=
5⋅6

 5  5! 6 − 5! 5! = 6
6 = 6!
=
6!

 x  y 6 = x 6  6 x 5 ⋅ y  15 ⋅ x 4 ⋅ y 2  20 ⋅ x 3 ⋅ y 3  15 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ y 4  6 x⋅ y 5  y 6

7-2 Vorkurs, Mathematik

 Binomischer Satz: Lösungen 3-5

Lösung 3:  x − y 3 = x 3 − 3 x 2 y  3 x y 2 − y 3

Lösung 4:  x − y 5 =

= x 5 − 5 x 4 ⋅ y  10 ⋅ x 3 ⋅ y 2 − 10 ⋅ x 2 ⋅ y 3  5 ⋅ x ⋅ y 4 − y 5

Lösung 5: a  2 b5 =

= a5  5
1   a 4 ⋅ 2 b  5
2   
a 3 ⋅ 2 b2  5
3
a 2 ⋅ 2 b3 

 
 5 a ⋅ 2 b4   2 b5 = a 5  5 a 4 ⋅2 b  10 a 3 ⋅ 2 b2 
4

 10 a 2 ⋅ 2 b3  5 a ⋅ 2 b4  2 b5 = a 5  10 a 4 ⋅ b  40 a 3 ⋅ b 2 

 40 a 3 ⋅ b 2  80 a 2 ⋅ b 3  80 a ⋅ b 4  32 b 5

a  2 b5 = a 5  10 a 4 ⋅ b  40 a 3 ⋅ b 2  40 a 3 ⋅ b 2  80 a 2 ⋅ b 3 
 80 a ⋅ b 4  32 b 5

7-3 Vorkurs, Mathematik