CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

- Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề giới thiệu được dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại
hoàn thành hoặc tương lai đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp vẫn không thay đổi
Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “the text is difficult”.
 He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult.
- Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể hiện một chân lý
Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”
 My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East.
- Nếu lúc tường thuật, điểm thời gian được đưa ra trong lời nói gián tiếp vẫn chưa qua
Eg: He said, “ I will come to your house tomorrow”
 He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow.
- Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại 2 hoặc loại 3:
Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”
 He said that he would write to her If he knew her address
Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”
 She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle.
Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.”
 The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.
- Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “As if/ as though/ wish, It’s (high/ about) time, would
rather/ sooner
Eg: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”  He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
Eg: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
 She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed
Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”
 She said that she would rather I stayed at home
- Không thay đổi thì của: Could, would, might, should, ought to, had better, need
- Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có năm xác định:
Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”
 he said that he was born in 1980.
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian trong câu phức có thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema”
She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT KHÁC

A. Có thể dùng cấu trúc whether + to V sau các động từ wonder; want to know:
Ex: “Shall I wait for them or go on ?”, he wondered.
 He wondered whether to wait for them or go on
 He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on.
+ “whether” còn thường được dùng trong các câu có mệnh đề điều kiện
Ex: “If you get the job, will you move to New York ?”, Bill asked.
 Bill asked whether if I got the job, I would move to New York.
B. Trong trêng hîp c©u trùc tiÕp cã c¶ c©u trÇn thuËt lÉn c©u hái th× khi ®æi sang c©u
gi¸n tiÕp, phÇn nµo vÉn cø ®æi theophÇn Êy.
Ex: He said, “I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time ?”.
 He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time.
C. Mệnh lệnh
+ §éng tõ têng thuËt lµ: ordered, commanded (ra lÖnh), requested, asked (yªu cÇu), told (b¶o
lµm )
+ Bỏ please trong câu trực tiếp đi
S + asked/told/ordered/requested… + O + (not) to V
Eg: “Please wait for a minute.” The man asked me
 The man asked me to wait for a minute.
He said to the waiter, “ Please bring me some hot water.”
 He told to the waiter to bring him some hot water.
I said to her “ Don’t shut the window, please.”
 I asked her not to shut the window.
D. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Exclamationin reported speech)
- Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim (cảm thán ) /shout (hét lên)
Ex: He said, “ What a lovely garden” -> He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden.
- Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu bằng “what’ và “how” chuyển sang gián tiếp bằng:
S + said that + it was … / hoặc S + exclaimed that it was …
Eg1: She said; “What a pity!” -> She exclaimed that it was a pity
Eg2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice hoese
Eg3: He said; “How beautiful she is!”-> He exclaimed that she was beautiful!
Eg4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg.
Eg5: “ How beautiful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was beautiful.
E. ĐÒ nghÞ, mÖnh lÖnh, ý ®Þnh, lêi høa, lêi yªu cÇu,...
a. Đề nghị, lời mời:
-> S + invited/offered + O + to V
Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?”
---> He invited me to go out for a drink.
She said to me; “How about some coffee”
-> She invited me some coffee
* Ta sử dụng “ Would you like to V... / How about …/ Why don’t you + … để mời
Eg: Why don’t you come to my village to have a day off?
* Để đề nghị: - Would you like me to V (Bạn có muốn tôi…?)
- Shall I .../ Can I…? Could I …? (Liệu tôi có thể…?)
- I’ll … if you like (Tôi sẽ…nếu bạn muốn)
Eg: Can I help you with the dishes? Shall I shut the door?
Would you like a drink? Would you like to come for a meal?
b. Yêu cầu: (động từ tường thuật ask)
* Ta thường dùng Could you….? , Can you …? Would you mind …? Hoặc câu mệnh lệnh để
yêu cầu
“Would you mind closing the door?”  he asked me to close the door.
Can you close the door? Close the door ,please.
* Khi đòi hỏi/yêu cầu được có thứ gì thường nói
“I’d like…” “Can I have…?” “Could I have…?”
khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta áp dụng cấu trúc S + asked + O1 (người) + for + O2 (vật)
 Ex: In a restaurant, the man said; “I’d like a bottle of red wine, please”
-> The man asked for a bottle of red wine
c. Khuyên bảo:
*Lêi khuyªn thêng b¾t ®Çu b»ng:
- You should / You ought to V...........
- If I were you/ If I were in your place/shoes , I would/ should … (Câu ĐK loại 2 với ý nghĩa
lời khuyên)
- You had better …
- Why don’t you ….
-> S + advised + O + to V …
Eg: Why don’t you repaint our room? She advised me to repaint their room.
d. Lời nhắc nhở
Remember to V! hoặc Don’t for get to V (Hãy nhớ phải…/Đừng quên phải…)
-> S + reminded + O + to V
Ex: She said to me; “Don’t forget to ring me up tomorrow evening”
-> She reminded me to ring her up the bext eveining
e. Sự đồng ý về quan điểm như: all right, yes, of course
S + agreed + to V…
Ex: “All right, I’ll wait for you” he said
-> He agreed to wait for me
f. Caâu tröïc tieáp dieãn taû ñieàu mong muoán nhö: S + would like + O + to V hoặc mệnh
đề dùng wish ở tương lai
S + wanted + O + to V…
Ex: “I’d like Lan to become a doctor / I wish Lan would become a doctor.”
-> My mum wanted Lan to become a doctor
g. Từ chối : S + refused + to V …
Eg: ‘No, I won’t lend you my car”
-> He refused to lend me his car.
h. Lời hứa: Thì Tương lai đơn và câu có sắc thái lời hứa.
-> S + promised to V…
Eg: ‘I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
-> He promised to send me a card on my birthday.
i. Đe dọa: Tương lai đơn với ý nghĩa đe dọa
-> S + threatened + to V
“I’ll kill you” -> He threatened to kill me.
j. Thúc giục: Mệnh lệnh mang ý nghĩa giục giã
Hurry up! Be quick!
-> She urged me to hurry up/ She urged me to be quick.
-> S + urged + to V
*** Nhiều trường hợp khác sử dụng S + V + To V là: refuse (từ chối) demand (yêu cầu);
guarantee (đảm bảo); hope (hi vọng); propose (đề nghị); swear (thề),….
6. Reported speech with gerund: (câu gián tiếp với DANH ĐỘNG TỪ - V_ING)
- Khi lời nói gián tiếp là lời gợi ý (suggest), chúc mừng (congratulate), cảm ơn (thank), xin
lỗi (regret) phủ định (deny) thừa nhận (admit)
A, Lêi ®Ò nghÞ, gîi ý
Shall we V/ What about V-ing/ How about V-ing/ Let’s V/ Why don’t we V / It’s a good idea
-> S + suggested + (not) + V-ing … (cả người nói và người nghe cùng thực hiện hành động)
-> S1 + suggested + That + S2 + (should) + V (có thể gợi ý cùng làm hoặc gợi ý cho riêng ai
-> Có thể có should hoặc không có, nhưng V luôn là nguyên thể)
Eg: Let's go outside.
-> She suggested going outside/ She suggested that they should go outside
B. Tố cáo, buộc tội: -> Dựa vào ý nghĩa của câu
Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said.
---> He accused me of taking some of his money.
“You stole my car!” -> He accused me of stealing his car.
C. Mơ ước:
Để thể hiện lời ước dùng ước trong tương lai hoặc cấu trúc “I want to…”
S + dreamed + of + V-ing…
Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said.
---> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours.
D. Söï chaáp nhaän/thừa nhận
S + admitted + v-ing…
Detective: You have stolen Mrs. Brown’s car!
The thief: Yes…! But…
-> The thief admitted stealing/having stolen Mrs Brown’s car
E. Söï mong ñôïi (aùp duïng caáu truùc sau)
S + looked forward to + v-ing…
Ex: “Mr.Smith: I feel like meeting our children soon” Mrs Smith: I think so
-> Mr and Mrs. Smith looked forward to meeting their children soon
Các trường hợp khác: object to (phản đối), insist on (khăng khăng), complain about (phàn nàn),
* Động từ tường thuật + O + prep + V-ing…
thank O for, accuse O of (buộc tội), congratulate O on (chúc mừng), apologize (to O) for, warn
O against (cảnh báo), prevent/stop O from(ngăn cản,) blame O for (đổ lỗi), blame + N + on +
O (đổ việc gì cho ai); insist on (khăng khăng)
a. Cảm ơn.
S + thanked + O + for Ving
Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
---> Tom thanked me for helping him.
b. Chúc mừng
S + congratulated + O + on + v-ing
Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!”
---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship.
c. Cương quyết, khăng khăng:
S + insisted + on + v-ing…
Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
d. Cảnh báo, ngăn cản: Lời cảnh báo như : be careful, be dangerous
a. S + warned + O + (not) to V hoặc S + warned + O + against + V-ing …
ex1: “Be careful of strangers and don’t go out at night”; he said
-> He warned us to be careful strangers and not to out at night
 Ex2: “Don’t stay at the near the airport,” I said to Ann
-> I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport
Ex3: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda.
---> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night.
e. Ngăn cản: S + prevented/ stopped + O + from + v-ing…
Ex1: “Stay here! I can’t let you go out tonight,” her mother said to Jane
-> Her mother prevented Jane from going out that night
Ex2: “Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me.
---> Mary prevented me from standing all the time.
f. Xin lỗi
S + apologised + for (not) Ving/S + apologised + to O + for (not) Ving
Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said to his friends
---> Peter apologised to his friends for being late.
* câu ghép 2 mệnh lệnh. “V! Don’t V!” Hoặc “Don’t V! V!”
“Don’t open the big box! Open the small box!”
-> She asked me to open the small box instead of opening the big box
* Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu
mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán
Eg: He said, “Can you play the guitar?” and I said “No”
 He asked me if I could play the guitar and I said that I couldn’t.
4. Indirect speech with ‘must” ‘need” “have to”
Must S + V…? = if S + had to
Eg: “Must you get ready for the party” he said  He asked if I/ she had to get ready for the
party.
S + must not V … = S + must not + V (không được)
Eg: “I must not get up early tomorrow”, she said  she said that she must not get up early the
next day
S + needn’t V = S + needn’t have to V hoặc S + wouldn’t have to V …
Eg” “I needn’t do my homework” she said
 She said that she needn’t have to do her homework/ wouldn’t have to do her homework.
S + needn’t V … = needn’t V
Eg: “You needn’t lock the door” she said
 She said that he needn’t lock the door.
+ Need S + V …? = if S + need / had to
Eg: “Need I prepare everything for the meal” she said
 She asked if she need/ had to prepare everything for the meal.
5. Một số dạng đặc biệt của đặc biệt :v =))))) Cô cũng ko biết đặt nó vào phần nào nữa. :v
+ “Thanks” he said
 He thanked me
+ “Good luck” he said  He wished me good luck
“Happy Christmas” he said  he wished me happy Christmas
+ “Congratulations” she said  He congratulated me
+ “Happy birthday” -> He congratulated on my birthday.
+ The notice said ‘Welcome to Bacgiang”
The notice welcomed visitors to Bac giang
+ “No/ Yes”
Eg: “Did you have a good time” he said; “yes’ I said
 He asked me if I had had a good time and I said I had
“Have you done your work?” he said “ No”. I said
 He asked me if I had done my work and I said I hadn’t
+ Good morning/ evening/ hello
 S + greet + O