Exercise 1.

3 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Mathematics (Science Group): 10 th
Merging man and maths Written by Amir Shahzad, Version: 1.0

Question # 1 2 y 2 − 8 y − 1y + 4 = 0
2 x 4 − 11x 2 + 5 = 0 2 y ( y − 4 ) − 1( y − 4 ) = 0
4 2
Solution : 2 x − 11x + 5 = 0
( y − 4 )( 2 y − 1) = 0
2 2
Let x = y  (x
2
) =y 2
y−4 =0 2 y −1 = 0
x4 = y 2 y=4 2y =1
Put x 2 = y and x 4 = y 2 1
y=4 y=
2
2 x 4 − 11x 2 + 5 = 0
2
Put y = x 2
2 y − 11y + 5 = 0
1
2 y 2 − 10 y − y + 5 = 0 x2 = 4 x2 =
2
2 y ( y − 5) − 1( y − 5)
1
( y − 5)(2 y − 1) x2 = ± 4 x2 =
2
y − 5 = 0 or 2 y − 1 = 0 1
x = ±2 x=±
y=5 or 2 y = 1 2
1  1 
y=5 or y = Solution set is ±2, ± 
2  2
2
Put in x =y
1 Question # 3
x2 = 5 or x 2 = 1 1
2
5x 2 = 7 x 4 − 2
1
x2 = ± 5 x2 = ± 1 1
2 Solution : 5 x 2 = 7 x 4 − 2...(1)
1 1
x=± 5 x=± Let x 4 = y ........ (2)
2
Taking square on both sides
 1 
Solution Set is ± ,± 5 2
 2   14  2
x  = y
Question # 2  
1
2x4 = 9x2 − 4
x = y2
2

Solution : 2 x 4 = 9 x 2 − 4 1 1
4 2
2 x − 9 x + 4 = 0 ......(1) Put x = y and x = y 2
4 2

1 1
Let x 2 = y ......(2) 5x 2 = 7 x 4 − 2
Taking square on both sides 5 y2 = 7 y − 2
2 2
(x ) = y2 5 y2 − 7 y + 2 = 0
5 y2 − 5 y − 2 y + 2 = 0
x4 = y2
5 y ( y − 1) − 2 ( y − 1) = 0
Put x 2 = y and x 4 = y 2 in eq(1)
2 y2 − 9 y + 4 = 0 ( y − 1)( 5 y − 2 ) = 0
y − 1 = 0 or 5 y − 2 = 0
10th (Science) / Ex- 1.3 - 2

y =1 or 5 y = 2
2 Question # 5
y =1 or y = 3x −2 + 5 = 8 x −1
5
1 Solution : 3 x −2 + 5 = 8 x −1........(1)
4
Put y = x
1 1
x −1 = y x −2 = y 2
2
4
x =1 4
or x = Put x −1 = y and x −2 = y 2 in eq (1)
5
4 4 3y2 + 5 = 8 y
    2
1 1 4
4
 x  = (1) or  x  =  
4 4
3y2 − 8 y + 5 = 0
    5
3y2 − 3y − 5 y + 5 = 0
24
x =1 x= 4 3 y ( y − 1) − 5 ( y − 1) = 0
5
16 ( 3 y − 5 )( y − 1) = 0
x =1 x=
625 3y − 5 = 0 y −1 = 0
 16  3y = 5 y =1
So, the solution set is 1, 
 625  5
y= y =1
3
Question # 4 From eq (2) put y = x −1
2 1

3
x + 54 = 15 x
3
5
x −1 = x −1 = 1
2 1 3
3
Solution : x 3 + 54 = 15 x .....(1) 1 5 1
1
= =1
3 x 3 x
Let x = y .....................(2) 3
Taking square x= x =1
5
2
 3
1 2
3 
x y 2
 x 3
= y 2 in eq (1) S .Set =  ,1
  =
5 
 
2 1
3
3
x + 54 = 15 x
Question # 6
y 2 + 54 = 15 y
y 2 − 15 y + 54 = 0 3
2
( 2x 2
+ 1) + 2
2x + 1
=4
y − 9 y − 6 y + 54 = 0
Solution :
y ( y − 9) − 6( y − 9) = 0
3
( y − 9)( y − 6) ( 2x 2
+ 1) +
2x + 1 2
= 4 .......(1)
y −9 = 0 y −6 = 0 2
Let 2 x + 1 = y
y =9 y=6
1 3
3
y+ =4
Put y = x y
1 1 Multiplying both sides by " y "
x3 = 9 x3 = 6
y2 + 3 = 4 y
3
 13  3 
1
 3 y2 − 4 y + 3 = 0
 
x = ( 9 )   = (6 )
x 3

    y 2 − 3 y − 1y + 3 = 0
3
x=9 x = 63 y ( y − 3 ) − 1( y − 3 ) = 0
x = 729 x = 216
( y − 3)( y − 1) = 0
So the solution set is {729, 216}
y −1 = 0 y −3= 0

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 10th (Science) / Ex- 1.3 - 3

y =1 y =3 4x +1 4x −1 1
2
= y....(2)  =
Put y = 2 x + 1 4x −1 4x +1 y
2 x2 + 1 = 3 2 x2 + 1 = 1 Equation (1) become
2 x2 = 3 − 1 2x2 = 1 −1 1 1
y+ =2
y 6
2 x2 = 2 2x2 = 0
1 13
2 0 y+ =
x2 = x2 = y 6
2 2
2 2 Multiplying both sides by "6 y "
x =1 x =0
2 2
6 y 2 + 6 = 13 y
x =± 1 x =± 0
6 y 2 − 13 y − 6 = 0
x = ±1 x=0
6 y2 − 9 y − 4 y − 6 = 0
S .Set = {−1,1, 0} 3 y (2 y − 3) − 2(2 y − 3) = 0
(2 y − 3)(3 y − 2)
Question # 7
2 y − 3 = 0 3y − 2 = 0
x  x −3
+ 4 =4 2y = 3 3y = 2
x −3  x 
3 2
x  x−3 y= y=
Solution : + 4 =4 2 3
x −3  x 
4x + 1 3
x x−3 1 =
Let =y  = 4x −1 2
x −3 x y
2(4 x + 1) = 3(4 x − 1)
Equcaton become
8 x + 2 = 12 x − 3
1 2 + 3 = 12 x − 8 x
y + 4  = 4
 y 5 = 4x
Multiplying both side by " y " 5
x=
y2 + 4 = 4 y 4
y2 − 4 y + 4 = 0 4x + 1 2
=
y2 − 2 y − 2 y + 4 = 0 4x −1 3
3(4 x + 1) = 2(4 x − 1)
y ( y − 2) − 2( y − 2) = 0
12 x + 3 = 8 x − 2
( y − 2)( y − 2)
12 x − 8 x = −2 − 3
y−2=0  y = 2
4 x = −5
Put the value of y
5
x x=−
= 2  x = 2( x − 3) 4
x−3
x = 2x − 6  6 = 2x − x  5
S .Set = ± 
x=6  4
S .Set = {6} Question # 9
x−a x+a 7
Question # 8 − =
x + a x − a 12
4x +1 4x −1 1
+ =2 x−a x+a 7
4x −1 4x +1 6 Solution : − =
x + a x − a 12
4x + 1 4x −1 1
Solution : + = 2 ....(1) x−a x+a 1
4x −1 4x + 1 6 Let = y or =
x+a x−a y

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10th (Science) / Ex- 1.3 - 4

1 7  2 1   1
y− =  x + 2  − 2  x −  − 2 = 0 ......(1)
y 12  x   x
y2 −1 7 1
Let x − = y ......(2)
=
y 12 x
Taking square on both sides
12( y 2 − 1) = 7 y
2
12 y 2 − 12 = 7 y  12 y 2 − 7 y − 12 = 0  1 2
 x −  = ( y)
12 y 2 − 16 y + 9 y − 12 = 0  x
1
4 y (3 y − 4) + 3(3 y − 4) x2 + 2 − 2 = y2
x
(3 y − 4)(4 y + 3) 1
x2 + 2 = y2 + 2
3y − 4 = 0 4 y + 3 = 0 x
3y = 4 4 y = −3 Putting values in eq.(1)
4 3 y 2 + 2 − 2( y ) − 2 = 0
y= y=−
3 4 y2 − 2 y = 0
x−a 4 x+a 3 y ( y − 2) = 0
= =−
x+a 3 x−a 4
y=0 y−2= 0
3( x − a) = 4( x + a)
y=0 y=2
3x − 3a = 4 x + 4a
1
−3a − 4a = 4 x − 3x Put y = x − from eq.2
x
−7 a = x 1 1
x− =0 x− =2
x = −7 a x x
x+a 3 x2 − 1 2
x −1
=− =0 =2
x−a 4 x x
4( x + a) = −3( x − a) x2 −1 = 0 x2 −1 = 2 x
4 x + 4a = −3x + 3a x2 = 1 x2 − 2x −1 = 0
4 x + 3x = 3a − 4a x 2 = ± 1 1x 2 − 2 x − 1 = 0
7 x = −a x = ±1
a Solving 1x 2 − 2 x − 1 = 0 by quadratic formula
x=
7 a = 1 b = −2 c = −1
 a
S .Set = −7a,  −b ± b 2 − 4ac
 7 x=
2a
2
Question # 10 − ( −2 ) ± ( −2 ) − 4a (1)( −1)
x=
x 4 − 2 x3 − 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 0 2 (1)
Solution : +2 ± 4 + 4
4 3 2
x=
x − 2x − 2x + 2x + 1 = 0 2
Dividing both sides by " x 2 " 2± 8
x=
x4 2 x3 2 x 2 2 x 1 0 2
2
− 2 − 2 + 2+ 2 = 2 2 ± 4× 2
x x x x x x x=
2 1 2
x2 − 2x − 2 + + 2 = 0
x x 2±2 2
x=
 2 1  2 2
 x + 2  − 2x + − 2 = 0
 x  x

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 10th (Science) / Ex- 1.3 - 5

2(1 ± 2) 1 5
x= x+ =−
2 x 2
x = 1± 2
x2 + 1 5
=−
{
S .Set = ±1,1 ± 2 } x 2
2
2( x + 1) = −5 x
Question # 11 2 x 2 + 2 = −5 x
2 x 2 + 5x + 2 = 0
2 x 4 + x3 − 6 x 2 + x + 2 = 0
Solution : 2x2 + 4x + x + 2 = 0
2 x 4 + x3 − 6 x 2 + x + 2 = 0
2 x( x + 2) + 1( x + 2) = 0
( x + 2)(2 x + 1)
Dividing each term by " x 2 "
x + 2 = 0 2x +1 = 0
2 x 4 x3 6 x 2 x 2 0
2
+ 2− 2 + 2+ 2 = 2 x = −2 2 x = −1
x x x x x x
1 2 1
2x2 + x − 6 + + 2 = 0 x = −2 x=−
x x 2
Also we have
2 1
2x2 + 2 + x + − 6 = 0 1
x x x+ = 2
x
 1   1
2  x 2 + 2  +  x +  − 6 = 0 ......(1) 2
x +1
 x   x =2
x
1
Let x + = y ......(2) x2 + 1 = 2 x
x x2 − 2x + 1 = 0
Taking square on both side
2
x2 − x − x + 1 = 0
 1 2
x( x − 1) − 1( x − 1) = 0
x+  =(y )
 x
( x − 1)( x − 1) = 0
1 1
x2 + 2 + 2x = y 2 x −1 = 0
x x
x =1
1
x2 + 2 + 2 = y 2  1
x S .Set = 1, −2, − 
1  2
x2 + 2 = y2 − 2
x
1 1 Question # 12
Put x + = y and x 2 + 2 = y 2 − 2 in eq (1)
x x
4.22 x +1 − 9.2 x + 1 = 0
 1   1
2  x2 + 2  +  x +  − 6 = 0 Solution : 4.22 x +1 − 9.2 x + 1 = 0
 x   x
2
2 y + 5 y − 4 y − 10 = 0 4.22 x.21 − 9.2 x + 1 = 0
y (2 y + 5) − 2(2 y + 5) = 0 8.(2 x ) 2 . − 9.2 x + 1 = 0
2y + 5 = 0 y−2 = 0 Let 2 x = y (2 x ) 2 = y 2
2 y = −5 y=2 8 y2 − 9 y +1 = 0
5 8 y2 − 8 y − y +1 = 0
y=− y=2
2 8 y ( y − 1) − 1( y − 1) = 0
1
Put x + = y in eq (2) ( 8 y − 1)( y − 1) = 0
x

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10th (Science) / Ex- 1.3 - 6

8 y −1 = 0 y −1 = 0 64
2x + − 20 = 0 ......(1)
8y =1 y =1 2x
1 Let 2 x = y ......(2)
y= y =1
8 Put 2 x = y in eq.(1)
Put the value of y in above equation 64
y + − 20 = 0
2x = y 2x = 1 y
1 Multiply both sides by " y "
2x = 2 x = 20
8 y 2 + 64 − 20 y = 0
1 y 2 − 20 y + 64 = 0
2x = 3 2 x = 20
2
x
y 2 − 16 y − 4 y + 64 = 0
2 = 2 −3 x=0
y ( y − 16 ) − 4 ( y − 16 ) = 0
x = −3
( y − 16 )( y − 4 ) = 0
S .Set = {−3, 0}
y − 16 = 0 y−4=0
y = 16 y=4
Question # 13 x
Put y = 2 from eq.(2)
32 x+ 2 = 12.3x − 3
Solution : 32 x + 2 = 12.3x − 3 2 x = 16 2x = 4

32 x 32 − 12.(3x ) + 3 = 0 2 x = 24 2 x = 22
9(3x ) 2 − 12.(3x ) + 3 = 0 ......(1) x=4 x=2
S .Set = {2, 4}
Let 3x = y
Put 3x = y in eq.(1)
9 y 2 − 12 y + 3 = 0 Question # 15:
9 y2 − 9 y − 3y + 3 = 0
( x + 1)( x + 3)( x − 5)( x − 7 ) = 192
Solution :
9 y ( y − 1) − 3 ( y − 1) = 0
( x + 1)( x + 3)( x − 5)( x − 7 ) = 192
( y − 1)( 9 y − 3) = 0
∵ a+b = c+d
y −1 = 0 9y −3 = 0
1− 5 = 3 − 7
y =1 9y = 3
− 4 = −4
3
y= ( x + 1)( x − 5)( x + 3)( x − 7 ) = 192
9
x
Put y = 3 from eq.(2) (x 2
− 5 x + 1x − 5 )( x 2 − 7 x + 3 x − 21) = 192

3x = 1 3x =
1 (x 2
− 4 x − 5 )( x 2 − 4 x − 21) = 192 ......(1)
3
x 0 x
Let x 2 − 4 x = y ......(2)
3 =3 3 = 3−1
So, eq. (1) becomes
x=0 x = −1
( y − 5)( y − 21) = 192
S .Set = {0, −1}
y 2 − 21y − 5 y + 105 = 192
y 2 − 26 y + 105 − 192 = 0
Question # 14
y 2 − 26 y − 87 = 0
x −x
2 + 64.2 − 20 = 0
y 2 − 29 y + 3 y − 87 = 0
Solution :
y ( y − 29 ) + 3 ( y − 29 ) = 0
2 x + 64.2− x − 20 = 0
( y − 29 )( y + 3) = 0
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 10th (Science) / Ex- 1.3 - 7

y − 29 = 0 y+3= 0 Put in equation (1)

y = 29 y = −3 ( y + 2 )( y − 40 ) + 360 = 0
Put y = x 2 − 4 x in eq.(2) y 2 − 40 y + 2 y − 80 + 360 = 0
x 2 − 4 x = 29 x 2 − 4 x = −3 y 2 − 38 y + 280 = 0
x 2 − 4 x − 29 = 0 x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 0 y 2 − 28 y − 10 y + 280 = 0
Solve x 2 − 4 x − 29 = 0 by quadratic formula y ( y − 28 ) − 10 ( y − 28 ) = 0
a = 1 b = −4 c = −29 ( y − 28 )( y − 10 ) = 0
2
−b ± b − 4ac y − 28 = 0 y − 10 = 0
x=
2a y = 28 y = 10
2
− ( −4 ) ± ( −4 ) − 4 (1)( −29 ) Put y = x 2 − 3 x from eq.(2)
x=
2 (1) x 2 − 3 x = 28
4 ± 16 + 116 x 2 − 3 x − 28 = 0
x=
2 x 2 − 7 x + 4 x − 28 = 0
4 ± 132 x ( x − 7) + 4( x − 7) = 0
x=
2
( x − 7 )( x + 4 ) = 0
4 ± 4 × 33
x= x−7 = 0 x+4=0
2
x=7 x = −4
4 ± 2 33
x= x 2 − 3 x = 10
2
2(2 ± 33) x 2 − 3 x − 10 = 0
x=
2 x 2 − 5 x + 2 x − 10 = 0
x = 2 ± 33 x ( x − 5 ) + 2 ( x − 5) = 0
Solve x 2 − 4 x + 3 = 0 by factorization ( x − 5 )( x + 2 ) = 0
x2 − 4 x + 3 = 0 x −5 = 0 x+2=0
x 2 − 3x − x + 3 = 0 x=5 x = −2
x ( x − 3 ) − 1( x − 3 ) = 0 S .Set = {5, −2, 7, −4}
( x − 3)( x − 1) = 0
x−3 = 0 x −1 = 0
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x=3 x =1 http://www.mathcity.org
{
S .Set = 1,3, 2 ± 33 }
Book: Exercise 1.3
Mathematics (Science Group): 10th
Question # 16
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 8)( x + 5 ) + 360 = 0
Solution :
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 8 )( x + 5 ) + 360 = 0 These resources are shared under the licence Attribution-
( x − 1)( x − 2 )  ( x − 8 )( x + 5 )  + 360 = 0 NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Under this licence if you remix, transform, or build upon the material,
 x 2 − 2 x − 1x + 2   x 2 + 5 x − 8 x − 40  + 360 = 0 you may not distribute the modified material.

(x 2
− 3 x + 2 )( x 2 − 3 x − 40 ) + 360 = 0 ......(1)
Let x 2 − 3 x = y ......(2)

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