Zero-Maintenance Electric/

Hybrid-Electric car

MSc Maintenance Engineering

Project proposal (EL4895)

By
Sandeep Kumar Duggina

Supervised by
Prof. Ted Smith

7/06/18
Abstract:
The work described in this project is submitted to fulfil the learning outcomes of zero
maintenance in a hybrid electric car. This project examines the reliability of hybrid electric
cars and determines the steps involved in design and manufacture. A hybrid-electric car is a
vehicle that depends on both batteries and internal combustion engine which drives a
generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. It has a huge advantage over
gasoline engines that drives the power. It has a huge advantage over gasoline engine that
drives power from gasoline only which is also major source of pollution. The main objective
of this project is to examine the reliability of hybrid-electric car and to determine the steps
involving in design and manufacture of hybrid-electric car so that the car lasts for 10 years
without requiring any maintenance or replacement of parts. advantages of these types of cars
are fuel economy and reduce harmful toxic emissions. The concept of regenerative breaking
is used in hybrid-electric car which is used to utilize the energy dissipated during breaking to
charge the battery. This type of car is best suitable for urban areas with high traffic. In this
project, initially the reliability of vehicle components is studied.
Introduction:
Automobiles are a most important part of everyday life. From the past years, automobiles
have been using petroleum products. Most recently, lot of interests have been developed
around improving the efficiency, reducing the emissions and reducing the fuel cost as well.
The idea of moving from conventional vehicles to hybrid vehicles is currently gaining great
acceptance. In hybrid car, two or more power sources work together to deliver performance.
Through design characteristics such as acceleration, emissions, fuel efficiency and total cost
of ownership can be improved. This thesis will examine the likely reliability of hybrid-
electric vehicles and determine the steps required to design and manufacture it.

Background:
The idea of hybrid vehicles has been around for so many years. There have been many
advances in the areas of power electronics, control systems and battery technology. The cost
associated with deploying this technology has decreased. Since the huge prices of oil and
concern for depletion of oil cause the world to think about hybrid electrical vehicles and more
favourable versus conventional vehicles. A significant amount of technological advancement
is still required in order to bring hybrid technology to the forefront of the automotive market
place.
There are two common templates in designing hybrid electric car. Series hybrid topology and
parallel hybrid topology. Battery technology is an important factor in the performance,
durability and long-term reliability of hybrid vehicles is the energy storage system being
utilized. In this project the reliability of vehicles components is analysed in the first stage.
Modern methods of wear reduction are employed for the betterment of vehicle components.

Aim and objectives:

Aim:
The aim of this project is to determine the steps required in design and manufacture a hybrid
electric car that last for 10 years without requiring any maintenance or replacement parts.

Objective:

1. To conduct a literature review on different hybrid electric vehicles and to study the
reliability of vehicle components.

2. To identify the modern methods of wear reductions and identify likely future trends
(possibly using TRIZ).

3. To establish where major improvements in reliability are needed, and to make suggestions
on how these could be achieved.
Methodology:
In hybrid electric car two or to produce, store and deliver power. Current market hybrid
vehicles, typically, combine a combustion engine and an electric machine (EM), as power
converters, and they are referred to as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This hybridization
allows a wide variety of possible topologies of the powertrain and configurations of the sub-
systems. Depending on the powertrain architecture and the power control strategy selected,
the powertrain may operate on battery only, engine only, or a combination of the battery and
engine.
By studying the publications in journals written in the topic of Hybrid electric vehicles we get
the opinion of topic, allowing for a better understanding of the topic as a whole. By using
academic journals and textbooks, research will be done on hybrid-electric vehicles and the
reliability of main components and study about wear reduction techniques.
The components of hybrid electric car like internal combustion engine, planetary gears,
battery charger, physical battery, current limiter, electric motor, Generator, convertor are
analysed, and reliability of these components are to be examined. The series hybrid topology,
parallel hybrid topology and control strategy are to be studied and implemented. Series
HEVs, perform best in stop-and-go driving since there is no mechanical link between the
combustion engine and the wheels. In this way the engine can be run at its most efficient
point also in varying vehicle speeds. In parallel HEVs the combustion engine and the electric
machine are both connected to a mechanical transmission and they can generate power
independently of each other. Modern methods of wear reduction are applied. Over all with all
these, steps have to be determined to design a hybrid electric car that last longer.

Project Plan:
The project will be sequenced in the following manner;
 Project proposal
 Background study
 Literature survey
 Methodology
 Validation of outcomes
 Report preparation
 Report review
Plan Table

End Duratio
Task Name Start Date
Date n
6/14/201
Project proposal 6/7/2018 8 7
Background study and literature 6/30/201
survey 6/15/2018 8 15
7/11/201
Methodology 7/1/2018 8 10
7/17/201
Validation of outcomes 7/12/2018 8 5
 8/18/201
Report preparation 7/18/2018 8 31
8/29/201
Report review 8/19/2018 8 10

Gantt Chart

6/1/18 6/21/18 7/11/18 7/31/18 8/20/18 9/9/18

Project proposal
Background study and literature survey
Methodology
Validation of outcomes
Report preparation
Report review

Milestones
The milestone which is shown on the Gantt chart above match as follows;
 M1 Project proposal complete (6/14/2018)
 M2 Background study and literature survey complete (6/30/2018)
 M3 Methodology complete (7/11/2018)
 M4 Validation of outcomes complete (7/17/2018)
 M5 Report preparation complete (8/18/2018)
 M6 Report review complete (8/29/2018)
Justification of Resources
To attain the above-mentioned aim and objectives, a regular meeting with my supervisor and
moderator will be scheduled. Meetings will be scheduled with my supervisor on a weekly
basis and meeting will be scheduled with the moderator monthly. A trip to Leyland Truck
will be required during my survey period to attain information and conduct interview. The
only equipment needed is a PC.

References:
[1] T.H. Bradley and A.A. Frank. Design, demonstrations and sustainability impact
assessments for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
13(1):115–128, 2009.
[2] C.C. Chan. The State of the Art of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. Proceedings of the
IEEE, 90(2):247–275, 2002.
[3] S.G. Wirasingha and A. Emadi. Classification and Review of Control Strategies for Plug-
In Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(1):111–122,
2011.
[4] O. Grondin, l. Thibault, and C. Querel. Energy Management Strategy for Diesel ´ Hybrid
Electric Vehicle. Oil Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies Nouvelles, 70(1):125–
141, 2015.
[5] Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program HEV Components.
ww.ott.doe.gov/hev/components.html Acc. 2003-09-17.