INFORMATION ABOUT THEORY SOME

COMMON BUILDINGS

TISHK
INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF
ENGINEERING
ARCHITECTURE
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

Student name:
Shatoo walid
Supervisor name:
Dr. Hoshyar Qadr
Course name:
Theory of Architecture II
Student ID :122219017
Grade:
Second stage
(2020-2021)

CONTENT:
• Sagrada Familia, Barcelona (1883) Designed by AntoniGaudi. Art Nouveau style of Gothic
architecture!

• Palais Wagner, Vienna (1889-91) Designed by Otto Wagner.Vienna Secession style of

architecture, combining delicatemetalwork with ornament.
 • Wainwright Building, St Louis (1890-91) Designed by Louis Sullivan. Based on a grid of
pronounced structural verticals.

• Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1890-1902) Designed by Richard Morris Hunt.
Renaissance Revival style with Victorian limestone facade.

• Crystal Palace, London (1851 -), Exhibition palace, Designed by Joseph Paxton,
Victorian style

• Rotunda, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1822-26) Designed by Thomas

Jefferson. Neoclassical style of architecture.

• Altes Museum, Berlin (1823-30) Designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. A neoclassical loggia
which overlooks the Lustgarten (pleasure garden).

• National Gallery, London (Houses of Parliament, London (1839-52) Designed by Sir

Charles Barry. Gothic architecture with Italian ground plan.

• Maison Courmont (1846-49), France designed by Viollet-le Duc. Using Gothic details to a
rational Parisian street frontage.

1_Sagrada Familia, Barcelona (1883) Designed by AntoniGaudi. Art

Nouveau style of Gothic architecture:

The Basílica de la Sagrada Família Spanish also known as the Sagrada

Família, is a large unfinished Roman Catholic minor basilica in the Eixample
district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by Spanish/Catalan architect
Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), his work on the building is part of a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. On 7 November 2010, Pope Benedict XVI consecrated
the church and proclaimed it a minor basilica.

On 19 March 1882, construction of the Sagrada Família began under

architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned,Gaudí
took over as chief architect, transforming the project with his architectural
and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms.
Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and he is buried in the
crypt. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was
complete.

Relying solely on private donations, the Sagrada Família's construction

progressed slowly and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War. In July
1936, revolutionaries set fire to the crypt and broke their way into the
workshop, partially destroying Gaudí's original plans, drawings and plaster
models, which led to 16 years of work to piece together the fragments of the
master model.Construction resumed to intermittent progress in the 1950s.
Advancements in technologies such as computer aided design and
computerised numerical control (CNC) have since enabled faster progress
and construction passed the midpoint in 2010. However, some of the
project's greatest challenges remain, including the construction of ten more
spires, each symbolising an important Biblical figure in the New Testament.It
is anticipated that the building can be completed by 2026, the centenary of
Gaudí's death.

The basilica has a long history of splitting opinion among the residents of
Barcelona: over the initial possibility it might compete with Barcelona's
cathedral, over Gaudí's design itself, over the possibility that work after
Gaudí's death disregarded his design, and the 2007 proposal to build a tunnel
nearby as part of Spain's high-speed rail link to France, possibly disturbing
its stability.Describing the Sagrada Família, art critic Rainer Zerbst said "it is
probably impossible to find a church building anything like it in the entire
history of art", and Paul Goldberger describes it as "the most extraordinary
personal interpretation of Gothic architecture since the Middle Ages". The
basilica is not the cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Barcelona, as that
title belongs to the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia.
 Inside

Outside
2_Palais Wagner, Vienna (1889-91) Designed by Otto
Wagner.Vienna Secession style of architecture, combining
delicatemetalwork with ornament.

The palace was built, together with two other buildings, by Otto Wagner at
the end of the 19th century. The style of the Historicism was pursued during
the realisation of the palace and the facade is Rococo and Vienna Secession
(Art Nouveau).

Wagner kept the building in the middle, Rennweg 3 (Palais Hoyos), for
himself, while Gustav Mahler lived in the adjacent building, Rennweg 5, from
1898 to 1909.

The site once housed the Trinity hospital and the barracks of the k. k. adelig
polnischen Leibgarde military unit, which were called the Arcièren
Leibgarde later on.

In 1903, the palace was bought by the widowed countess Marie Hoyos. The
Hoyos family owned another palace in the Ringstraße, which is nowadays
known as Hotel Bristol.

In 1957, the palace in Rennweg was sold by the Hoyos family to Yugoslavia,
in order to serve as its embassy in Austria. After the breakup of Yugoslavia,
the building became the possession of Serbia, serving the same purpose.

Following the agreement of Yugoslav successor states on the distribution of

former country's foreign assets in 2011, the building passed on to Croatia. In
2013, Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs started a major renovation (4.6
million kuna, or over 600,000 euro) in order to move the Croatian embassy
there from Heuberggasse 10.
Outside Window

Plans
3-Wainwright Building, St Louis (1890-91) Designed by Louis
Sullivan. Based on a grid of pronounced structural verticals.

The Wainwright Building (also known as the Wainwright State Office

Building) is a 10-story, 41 m (135 ft) terra cotta office building at 709
Chestnut Street in downtown St. Louis, Missouri. The Wainwright Building is
considered to be one of the first aesthetically fully expressed early
skyscrapers. It was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan and built
between 1890 and 1891. It was named for local brewer, building contractor,
and financier Ellis Wainwright.

The building, listed as a landmark both locally and nationally, is described as

"a highly influential prototype of the modern office building" by the National
Register of Historic Places.Architect Frank Lloyd Wright called the
Wainwright Building "the very first human expression of a tall steel office
The building is currently owned by the State of Missouri and houses state
offices.In May 2013 it was listed by an episode of the PBS series 10 That
Changed America as one of "10 Buildings That Changed America" because it
was "the first skyscraper that truly looked the part" with Sullivan being
dubbed the "Father of Skyscrapers."

Outside
 Window
4-Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1890-1902) Designed by
Richard Morris Hunt. Renaissance Revival style with Victorian
limestone facade.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is
the largest art museum in the United States. With 6,479,548 visitors to its
three locations in 2019, it was the fourth most visited art museum in the
world. Its permanent collection contains over 2 million works, divided among
17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 Fifth Avenue, along
the Museum Mile on the eastern edge of Central Park in Manhattan's Upper
East Side, is by area one of the world's largest art galleries. A much smaller
second location, The Cloisters at Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan,
contains an extensive collection of art, architecture, and artifacts from
medieval Europe. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened the Met Breuer
museum along Madison Avenue on the Upper East Side; it extends the
museum's modern and contemporary art program.

The permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiquity

and ancient Egypt, paintings, and sculptures from nearly all the European
masters, and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met
maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine, and
Islamic art. The museum is home to encyclopedic collections of musical
instruments, costumes, and accessories, as well as antique weapons and
armor from around the world. Several notable interiors, ranging from 1st
century Rome through modern American design, are installed in its
galleries.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 for the purposes of
opening a museum to bring art and art education to the American people.
The Fifth Avenue building opened on February 20, 1872, at 681 Fifth
Avenue.
Outside
 Inside

Plans

5-Crystal Palace, London (1851 -), Exhibition palace, Designed by

Joseph Paxton, Victorian style

The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass structure, originally built in
Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The exhibition
took place from 1 May to 15 October 1851, and more than 14,000 exhibitors
from around the world gathered in its 990,000 square feet (92,000 m2)
exhibition space to display examples of technology developed in the
Industrial Revolution. Designed by Joseph Paxton, the Great Exhibition
building was 1,851 feet (564 m) long, with an interior height of 128 feet (39
m).The erection itself was a representation of modern architecture and
modern industry that was developing with the Industrial Revolution, and the
structure was three times the size of St Paul's Cathedral.

The introduction of the sheet glass method into Britain by Chance Brothers in
1832 made possible the production of large sheets of cheap but strong glass,
and its use in the Crystal Palace created a structure with the greatest area of
glass ever seen in a building. It astonished visitors with its clear walls and
ceilings that did not require interior lights.
It has been suggested that the name of the building resulted from a piece
penned by the playwright Douglas Jerrold, who in July 1850 wrote in the
satirical magazine Punch about the forthcoming Great Exhibition, referring to
a "palace of very crystal".

After the exhibition, the Palace was relocated to an area of South London
known as Penge Common. It was rebuilt at the top of Penge Peak next to
Sydenham Hill, an affluent suburb of large villas. It stood there from June
1854 until its destruction by fire in November 1936. The nearby residential
area was renamed Crystal Palace after the landmark. This included the
Crystal Palace Park that surrounds the site, home of the Crystal Palace
National Sports Centre, which had previously been a football stadium that
hosted the FA Cup Final between 1895 and 1914. Crystal Palace F.C. was
founded at the site in 1905, and the team played at the Cup Final venue in
their early years. The park still contains Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins's
Crystal Palace Dinosaurs which date back to 1854.
Outside

Inside
 Plan
6-Rotunda, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (1822-26) Designed
by Thomas Jefferson. Neoclassical style of architecture.

The Rotunda is a building located on The Lawn on the original grounds of the University of
Virginia. It was designed by Thomas Jefferson to represent the "authority of nature and power of
reason" and was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome. Construction began in 1822 and was
completed shortly after Jefferson's death in 1826. The grounds of the new university were unique
in that they surrounded a library housed in the Rotunda rather than a church, as was common at
other universities in the English-speaking world. The Rotunda is seen as a lasting symbol of
Jefferson's belief in the separation of church and education, as well as his lifelong dedication to
both education and architecture. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966, and is
part of the landmark University of Virginia Historic District, designated in 1971.

The collegiate structure, the immediate area around it, and Jefferson's nearby home at
Monticello combine to form one of only six modern man-made sites in the United States to be
internationally protected and preserved as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (the other five are
the Old City of San Juan, the San Antonio Missions, Independence Hall, the Statue of Liberty and
the architectural works of Frank Lloyd Wright).

The original construction cost of the Rotunda was $57,773 ($992,792 in 2006 dollars). The
building stands 77 feet (23.5 m) in both height and diameter.
Outside

Inside
7-Altes Museum, Berlin (1823-30) Designed by Karl Friedrich
Schinkel. A neoclassical loggia which overlooks the Lustgarten
(pleasure garden).

The Altes Museum (English: Old Museum) is a listed building on the Museum
Island in the historic centre of Berlin and part of the UNESCO World Heritage.
Built from 1825 to 1830 by order of King Frederick William III of Prussia
according to plans by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, it is considered as a major
work of German Neoclassical architecture.[1] It is surrounded by the Berlin
Cathedral to the east, the Berlin Palace to the south and the Zeughaus to the
west. Currently, the Altes Museum is home to the Antikensammlung and
parts of the Mü nzkabinett.

The royally appointed commission, which was responsible for the conception
of the museum, decided to display only "High Art" in the proposed building
which included Old Master paintings and prints and drawings on the upper
floor, as well as Classical sculpture from ancient Greece and Rome on the
ground floor. This precluded the incorporation of ethnography, prehistory
and the excavated treasures of the ancient Near East from Assyria and Persia
(and elsewhere); instead, these artifacts were primarily housed in Schloss
Monbijou.With the completion of the Neues Museum (New Museum) by
Friedrich August Stü ler in 1855, Museum Island began to take form. This was
followed by the Nationalgalerie (now the Alte Nationalgalerie) by Johann

Heinrich Strack (1876), the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum (now the

Bodemuseum) by Ernst von Ihne after plans by Stü ler (1904), and the
Pergamonmuseum by Alfred Messel and Ludwig Hoffmann (1930). Thus
Museum Island evolved into the institution it is today.

Outside
 Plan

8-National Gallery, London (Houses of Parliament, London (1839-52)

Designed by Sir Charles Barry. Gothic architecture with Italian ground
plan

The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central
London. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-
13th century to 1900.

The Gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for
Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the
British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge. In 2019, it was ranked seventh
in the world on the List of most visited art museums.

Unlike comparable museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by
nationalizing an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British
government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein in 1824. After that
initial purchase the Gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, especially Sir Charles
Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which now account for two-thirds of the collection. The
collection is smaller than many European national galleries, but encyclopedic in scope; most
major developments in Western painting "from Giotto to Cézanne" are represented with
important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all
its works on permanent exhibition, but this is no longer the case.

The present building, the third to house the National Gallery, was designed by William
Wilkins from 1832 to 1838. Only the facade onto Trafalgar Square remains essentially
unchanged from this time, as the building has been expanded piecemeal throughout its
history. Wilkins's building was often criticised for the perceived weaknesses of its design and
for its lack of space; the latter problem led to the establishment of the Tate Gallery for British
art in 1897.

The Sainsbury Wing, a 1991 extension to the west by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott
Brown, is a significant example of Postmodernist architecture in Britain. The current
Director of the
National Gallery is
Gabriele Finaldi.

Pla
n
 Outside

Inside

9-Maison Courmont (1846-49), France designed by Viollet-le Duc.

Using Gothic details to a rational Parisian street frontage

Courmont Building - 28 street of Liège. Founded in 1846 by the renowned architect Eugène
Viollet-le-Duc who later redoed a substantial amount of the cathedral of Notre Dame.
Established in Paris, 8th arrondissement, Paris, Metropolis of the Grand Paris, Il Courmont
House was built for Henrice Courmont, Headquarters of Historic Monuments, and is naturally
listed today as a historical monument.
 Plan

Outside

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iMTkhyTFY5itoLPCw%3A1614626268786&ei=3D09YP6iL4ymaL2blqgM&q=info+a
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cCegQIABAA&oq=%E2%80%A2+National+Gallery%2C+London&gs_lcp=CgNpbWc
QA1CzqxNYosMTYOXJE2gAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAaABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n
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vGflEBEbtM
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ks+the+Lustgarten+(pleasure+garden).&sxsrf=ALeKk03ZWsXLHpEJxVpIv0ClYaF
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rlottesville+(1822-
26)+Designed+by+Thomas+Jefferson.+Neoclassical+style+of+architecture.&tbm=is
ch&ved=2ahUKEwjb1f3B3I_vAhVM16QKHXtBDK0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=Rotunda%2C+University+of+Virginia%2C+Charlottesville+(1822 -
26)+Designed+by+Thomas+Jefferson.+Neoclassical+style+of+architecture.&gs_lcp=
CgNpbWcQAzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6
gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJzIHCCMQ6gIQJ1Cn7
RJY8_oSYJeCE2gBcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAE
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•