Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ROLL NO – 001920701091
Numerical Differentiation
EXPERIMENT 1
ASNWER
Forward Difference Table:
t s Δs Δ2 s Δ3 s Δ4s
0 0 Δy0=75 Δ2y0=750 Δ3y0=750 Δ4y0=0
15 3225 Δy3=4575
20 7800
Calculating s (t) from Newton Forward Interpolation Formula with the help of values from
Forward Difference Table:
At t = 3 s; S (3) = -3 m
Calculating First Derivative of position i.e. Velocity at t = 3 s from Known Formula of Newton
Forward Interpolation Formula:
Calculating the Second Derivative of position i.e. Acceleration at t = 3s from Known Formula
of Newton Forward Interpolation Formula:
Therefore, the velocity and acceleration of the rocket at t = 3 s is respectively: 17m/s and
18m/s2
EXPERIMENT 2:
A particle of mass “m” is acted on by a force whose potential energy V
corresponds to different positions is given below in a tabular form.
ANSWER:
Forward Difference Table:
x V ΔV Δ2 V Δ3 V Δ4 V Δ5V
-1.0 6.00 Δy0=-4.75 Δ2y0=3.5 Δ3y0=-1.5 Δ4y0=0 Δ5y0=0
-0.5 1.25 Δy1=-1.25 Δ2y1=2.0 Δ3y1=-1.5 Δ4y1=0
0.0 0.00 Δy2=0.75 Δ2y2=0.5 Δ3y2=-1.5
0.5 0.75 Δy3=1.25 Δ2y3=-1.0
1.0 2.00 Δy4=0.25
1.5 2.25
• In order to find the nature of the equilibrium points i.e. whether it is a stable, unstable
or neutral position we will further calculate the second-derivative of the Potential
Function and check its magnitude at the values of x = 0, 4/3 and then infer about the
nature of the equilibrium at that particular position.
NOTE:
At x = 0; we obtain .
At x = 4/3; we obtain .
• The position of stable equilibrium can be visualized physically as a marble at the bottom
of a bowl which experiences a restoring force when displaced from its equilibrium
position.
The position of unstable equilibrium can be visualized physically as the same marble but now at
the top of a hemispherical bowl. Upon application of a force on the marble, it will tend to fall
and roll down along the surface of the hemisphere and never return to its previously occupied
equilibrium position even after the removal of the external force.
Numerical Integration
EXPERIMENT 3:
Write a program using trapezoidal rule to compute the
moment of inertia of an elliptic lamina of mass 1 kg, as shown
in the figure, about y-axis. Equation describing the elliptic
lamina relative to centroidal axes is:
𝟐 𝟐
ANSWER:
Given equation of the ellipse:
Clearly the above mentioned ellipse is a horizontal ellipse because a > b and clearly:
a = Length of Semi-Major Axis = 14 cm b = Length of Semi-
Minor Axis = 8 cm
Given mass of the elliptical lamina => m = 1 kg
Computing the Moment Of Inertia of the Elliptic Lamina about Y-Axis:
Considering Elemental Area 𝑑𝐴=𝑦𝑑𝑥; Where 𝑦 =𝑓(𝑥) From the Equation of the Ellipse:
CODE
1. The total inertia of momentum along the y-axis is given by the formula
proved above –
Therefore,
2. It can be shown that larger the value of h, more is the error in the
calculations. So, to reduce the value of h, we have taken the value of n so
high, the intervals [a,b] are divided into smaller terms and error margin is
reduced.
EXPERIMENT 4:
Write a program to compute magnetic field at different points along z-
axis due to a circular loop of conductor carrying a steady current i. The
circular conducting loop is placed on the x-y plane.
that μ0i = 1.
(For
OUTPUT
So, the above equation for B-z becomes
OUTPUT
Therefore, at Z = 0.5 m; Bz = 0.37024109808637412 T
GRAPHS
• Plotting the graph showing the variation of magnetic field
with the distance along Z-axis from center of the loop (z=0)
with the help of the Analytical Formula and the
Numerically obtained values by varying the values of Z
across both the formula and comparing the results
obtained in the final plot.
•
• ANALYTICALLY OBTAINED PLOT ONLY:
DISCUSSIONS:
COMBINED PLOT:
As we can see that the graphs obtained by comparing is nearly
same which proved the numerical integrations worked out
above have not led to any deviation from the actual value.
There might be some discrepancies when zoomed but that is
only due to uncertainties in the last decimal places.