Q.1 Explain the anomalous behavior of water.

A. All material thing contract on cooling and expands on heating. Water has a unique behavior in this regard. It
contracts till 3.98C0, but below this temperature instead of contracting it expands. This behavior of water is
called anomalous behavior of water.

Q.2 Why water expands below 3.98C0?

A. When water is cooled below 3.98C0, similar charges come closer together and repulsion operates. In order to
minimize the repulsion the water molecules arrange themselves in such a way that large empty spaces exist in
between the molecules. This causes expansion of water.

Q.1 Explain the anomalous behavior of water.

A. All material thing contract on cooling and expands on heating. Water has a unique behavior in this regard. It
contracts till 3.98C0, but below this temperature instead of contracting it expands. This behavior of water is
called anomalous behavior of water.
Q.2 Why water expands below 3.98C0?
A. When water is cooled below 3.98C0, similar charges come closer together and repulsion operates. In order to
minimize the repulsion the water molecules arrange themselves in such a way that large empty spaces exist in
between the molecules. This causes expansion of water.
Q.3 How the top ice layer acts as insulator?

A. When water turn into ice its density decreases and float on the top. This top layer acts as insulator because it
stop the conduction and the current that was set for heat transfer stop. As the heat transfer stop, the bottom
water remain as liquid and the top layer as solid ice. This top layer prevents the bottom water from freezing so it
acts as insulator because it stops heat transfer.

Q.4 How aquatic water survive in frozen water?

A. As the water at the top freezes the bottom water remain as liquid because the frozen top layer acts as
insulator. This allows a uniform distribution of minerals and oxygen and thus aquatic life survive.

Q.5 Why water freezes from the top?

A. When water is cooled from room temperature it density increases and moves to the bottom. Till 2.98C0
happen so but below this temperature the anomalous expansion starts and the water whose temperature gets
below 3.98C0 now gets light and comes to the top. This water being light stay at the top. It freezes at the top
and remain there. That is why water always freezes from the top.

Q.6 Explain the structure of ice crystal.

A. Ice has a hexagonal shape. In the crystal of ice six water molecules are attached to each other at the corner of
a regular tetrahedron. In this crystal there exist large vacant spaces as shown in the figure above.

Q.7 Why ice float on water?

A. Ice has low density than water, that is why ice float on water. In the crystal of ice there are large vacant
spaces that ,makes ice less dense than water so it float on water.

Q.3 How the top ice layer acts as insulator?

A. When water turn into ice its density decreases and float on the top. This top layer acts as insulator because it
stop the conduction and the current that was set for heat transfer stop. As the heat transfer stop, the bottom
water remain as liquid and the top layer as solid ice. This top layer prevents the bottom water from freezing so it
acts as insulator because it stops heat transfer.

Q.4 How aquatic water survive in frozen water?

A. As the water at the top freezes the bottom water remain as liquid because the frozen top layer acts as
insulator. This allows a uniform distribution of minerals and oxygen and thus aquatic life survive.

Q.5 Why water freezes from the top?

A. When water is cooled from room temperature it density increases and moves to the bottom. Till 2.98C0
happen so but below this temperature the anomalous expansion starts and the water whose temperature gets
below 3.98C0 now gets light and comes to the top. This water being light stay at the top. It freezes at the top
and remain there. That is why water always freezes from the top.

Q.6 Explain the structure of ice crystal.

A. Ice has a hexagonal shape. In the crystal of ice six water molecules are attached to each other at the corner of
a regular tetrahedron. In this crystal there exist large vacant spaces as shown in the figure above.

Q.7 Why ice float on water?

A. Ice has low density than water, that is why ice float on water. In the crystal of ice there are large vacant
spaces that ,makes ice less dense than water so it float on water.