Pakistan Journal of social Sciences (PJSS)

Vol. 37, No.I1 (2017), pp. 679-687

Geo-Strategic Location of South Asia and Global Media with

Special Reference to Pakistan: A Critical Review

Dr. Muqarrab Akbar

Chairman
Department of Political Science,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Email: muqarrabakbar@bzu.edu.pk

Dr. Malik Adnan

Assistant Professor,
Center for Media & Communication Studies,
University of Gujrat
Email: dr.adnan@uog.edu.pk

Abstract
South Asia is achieving increased global prominence as well as Pakistan and
global media frequently highlighting South Asia in world affairs. This study
aimed to investigate the issue of ‘Geo-Strategic Location of South Asia and
Global Media with Special Reference to Pakistan. The research was
qualitative in nature and the inductive method of reasoning was utilized by the
authors to draw conclusions. The data was collected from online global
newspapers’ reports, books, research journals and e-newspapers to
investigate the phenomenon and to answer the research questions. The author
after analyzing and examining the different researches came to the conclusion
that South Asia’s geo-strategic location not only distinguish but Pakistan from
the other regional countries as well as is the source of geo political importance
being surrounded by the oil and energy resources of the regions. Due to the
strategic location Pakistan is considered a transit economical hub for trade in
the region where she is the only nuclear country having a great natural
resources as well as an influential political, social and economic landscape.
The only reason for which Pakistan seems to be an important country is due
to its role to strengthen the rest of Muslim countries for transporting the
resources, to fight against terrorism and for world economic developments.
Another dominant reason of Pakistan’s strategic importance is its closeness
and nearness to oil rich countries of Middle Eastern region starting from Iran
to Saudi Arabia. In this way, Pakistan can play a very crucial role for being
capable of oil transportation and shipments being in the middle of powerful
countries like China and Russia and thus, its alliance with great powers can
certainly influence the world power game and political and economic growth.
Keywords: South Asia, Pakistan’s Geo Strategic Position, Global Media, Gulf
Region

Introduction
The nuclear powers both India and Pakistan and its strategic location, the region has
acquired a very important position from a geo strategic point of view. Geography of the
state is an important element distinguishing its legitimacy and importance. The geographic
location and positioning on the map of the world also creates some confusion. There will
never be an exit from our geology and its impact on our methodologies (Mujtaba, 2001). In
the same way, global and careful administrative questions are communicated by specialists
that the external boundaries and game plans of the "small" and "weak states" contribute to
 Muqarrab Akbar, Dr. Adnan Malik 680
shaping the authoritative regional and global questions. (Rizvi, 2001). All of these are
important to Pakistan. If we examine the past, we understand very well that the crucial value
of South Asia could be observed due to the two sovereign states of India and Pakistan after
getting their independence in 1947. Apart from these, China and Russia are the two great
powers of the region in South Asia where Pakistan’s position in very important being the
key influential.
Despite accusations against intentionally extraordinary states, Pakistan, at the partition of
the USSR, was presented in the field with real geopolitical materials because it was the area
most at risk where the price conflict between the two was approaching this time (Farhat ,
1991). There is no doubt that the intra-regional clashes have surprised Pakistan and added
much to its disasters. Meanwhile, it was perceived as a last-minute budgetary need as an
autonomous state (Farhat, 1991).

Rationale of the Study

The geography and geostatic positioning is very much important for any state and even
undoubtedly could influence the interests and relations with the other neighboring states as
well. During the wars with India and fall of Russia it can be observed from the history that
Afghanistan was used as mediating factor for the battle against Russia where Pakistan was
US ally. Even after the war, during the cold war timings, the Russian interventions in
Afghanistan were noted that brought a change in the region with regard to political and
economic context. Since then, Pakistan had become the point of concern being at the
important geo political landscape in the South Asia especially for the western countries.
Now having the important and crucial geographical keys Pakistan stands in front in the
region (Berridge, n.d.).
The global media reports that, there are some factors which highlight the geostrategic
position of South Asia as well as Pakistan, as sharing the common border with the two
bigger forces, India and China locating in the extreme neighborhood. Pakistan has the
advantage of accessing warm water of the Indian Ocean to the central Asia as after USSR
Russian are unable to access the south region but Iran and Pakistan can share trade
transportations. Pakistan location is much closed to the Gulf States which are rich in oil
reserves which are of a greater concern for the west. So it’s so crucial to study that how
global media report the current situation

Geo-Strategic Importance of Pakistan

Geostrategic methods of the width of a country or region from the rectitude of its geological
region, Pakistan is located in a district that has an exceptional region linked to money,
politics and essential. It was the average purpose of magnificent activities for up to twenty
years. Stephen Cohn describes this essence "While the story was horrible for Pakistan, its
topography was its most unmistakable position; it has a resource-rich district in the
northwest, wealthy people in the northeast". Pakistan is a convergence between South Asia,
Western Asia and Central Asia, a course of countries with vital resources for countries with
insufficient resources. The world is facing a crisis of essentiality and a persecution based
on fear. Pakistan is a course for transportation and a state of the art against fear-based abuse.
Pakistan witnessed the intervention of three magnificent British powers, the Soviet Union
and the United States. Its importance was also redesigned in the midst of the Cold War
when it became the retrospective method for the USSR's control approach to the US and
now the time of war after the crisis has seen its political criticality since the 9 / 11 (Adshead,
1992).

Pakistan's Geographical Location & Global Media

Pakistan’s location in Southeast Asia is very important especially for the developed world
for being important being in the proximity of bigger powers in its neighborhood. Pakistan
681 Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 37, No.2
possesses the land of about 803,940 square kilometers that is extended between South and
Southwest in the Asian Region. No reference was made to him when Pakistan was
evidently released in 1947, despite the way in which its validity has been discussed in recent
years, sometimes by the Afghan government and Pashtun horse groups in the Pakistan-
Afghanistan suburbs. From one point of view, Afghanistan claimed that Durand's line was
limited by greater control based on more fragile control and confirmed the creation of
another state that would be called Pashtunistan or Pakhtunistan. On the other hand,
Pakistan, like the legacy of the British in the area, demanded the authenticity and duration
of the border point. The Durand line remained essentially in 1994 (Adshead, 1992).
Global media view is very serious towards Pakistan as being an important region in the
South Asia and being closed with China that is emerging in the context of economic
development. The International media in accordance with the foreign policies of the western
countries is continuously hitting the notion that Pakistan could affect the hierarchy of the
powerful nations being closed to the Gulf States which are rich in oil reserves. As, it has
been observed after the 9/11 tragic incidents that Muslim countries and the Muslim
community was worst hit by the western media with regard to its geo strategic position. The
dominant trait of western and global media with the deep concerns are that Pakistan being
a sole Muslim nuclear state could affect the trade of the western and multinational countries
operating in this region for trade and business. There are other factors and concerns of the
Global media as well to restrict the role of Pakistan being centralized in the region to support
other Muslim countries in the context of economic, social and political development. It is
hoped that this exploration will examine whether the geo-vital area of Pakistan is a benefit
or a risk according to world media. Furthermore, it also examined the significant variables
that are linked to its key geographical area in Southeast Asia compared to its financial and
geopolitical links with neighboring nations. The exam is subjective in nature and will
investigate all the explorations and accessible articles that depend on the importance of its
geographical key to the planet and its interests.
Literature Review
Malik (2012) shared his perspectives that the military idea of vital profundity suggests that
the split-up between likely forefronts and main focuses of coordination, armed preparations,
modern states and regions of population. Additionally, it is indicated as core of the nation.
Numerous little nations having geographic slenderness dependably like to keep up adjust
of energy in the locale. For instance, control of by Israel due to West Bank and Golan
Heights, it depend on it’s believed of key profundity opposite Iran and Iraq. It is
unmistakably comprehended that from resistance point of view, each state needs key
profundity against its potential foe. Ahmad (1992) shared the opinion that each country has
its specific power and base little or enormous to deal with the issues relating to its state.
The components of geo-governmental issues have profound effect in its remote approach
as these are best connected to evaluate the key essentialness of a nation. In Pakistan case,
the nation has almost no vital profundity from east to west. Mehta (2007) has revealed that
Pakistan's geo-vital position limits it to different nations giving it a particular position in
world leadership. Pakistan needs key local intelligence to improve the problem-integrating
capacity it is seeking to find a superior agreement and make changes in this regard.
Robinson in his review in (2011) found that "the habitability of Pakistan, overcrowded
metropolitan and urban areas in Pakistan, such as Hyderabad, Karachi and Sukkur in Sindh
and Lahore in Punjab are in danger due to the inclusion of Indians. Jan (2013) contended
that Pakistan's geo-strategically weakness exposed during the battle of 1971 with India
when they caught its whole trader fleet in the results. From that point forward, the coastal
line of the Pakistan is highly at risk in Karachi where naval forces of India at Qasim Base
could harm the city of Karachi. The capacity of India regarding the blockage of its trade
and oil supply worldwide could be in danger and there are constant security threats to
Pakistan in this connection. Jones (2005) revealed that barrier created by Indian navy at
Karachi in Pakistan is harmful for Pakistan in the region. 1971 battle carried the assumption
 Muqarrab Akbar, Dr. Adnan Malik 682
of its commercial trade and energy source. India will continually misuse this land for
helpless Pakistan in numerous actions. Only 10 years prior, Pakistan saw comparable
dangers during the war of the Kargil fought in 1999. Then again, Pakistan would be unable
with little naval force and existing geographical powerless situation at Karachi can't mount
a huge counter-risk to India. What's more, there is India's principle universal transportation
ports like the city of Mumbai which is found at far of distance from Pakistan region of
strike. Also, Pakistan needs the capacity of naval force like India to be equal in capacity.
Similarly, Mazhar, Javaid and Goraya (2012) explained that Pakistan's policy at Makran
Point, the port of Gwader, is a key seaport of Pakistan.
Sakhuja in his research conducted in (2013) indicated that from Strait of Hormuz about 20
to 30 tankers are passed through during the peak hours consistently at the same time with
the regular intervals of time. From the military perspectives, Gwader port is can be the
major post of watching all the wartime activities in the country. Its proximity with the Strait
of Hormuz and Persian Gulf will allow Pakistan to monitor the line of communications of
the enemy at sea level. Haider (2013) uncovered that after presentation of geological
defenselessness in 1965 and afterward 1971 war understood the nation's barrier organizers
to build up an extra port with maritime construct office in light of the Makran Coast with a
far separation from Karachi because of safeguard perspective. But due to drag out
carelessness, the war of the Kargil points during the 1998 the weakness of Pakistan at
Karachi. In the year 2002, President and Chief Executive of the Pakistan Pervez Musharraf
encountered the weakness of Karachi port. As per Global Security (2013) Pakistan's geo-
strategic position at the world’s map has gained a significant importance with regard to
safety of Pakistan. Due to closeness of the port Gawader in Central adds extra points of
security being an important checkpoint of the country to monitor the enemy movements in
surroundings. Its key location near the Arabian Ocean could easily boost microelectronic
search to monitor naval movements in the entire Arabian Sea as well as in Indian Ocean.
Gwader inside the area of Mackinder's Rimland is very helpful for the Pakistan as being the
part of great game at this locale. The port Gwader will stay continuously very assistive
towards armed forces for surveillance of the enemy. The possibility of Pakistan's current
association with China and the United States is very appealing based on its geographical
territory on the planet. Unlike the Cold War and the Soviet-Soviet conflict, in which
Pakistan is undoubtedly linked to the United States against the former Soviet partnership,
the current situation is particularly unprecedented. Today, Pakistan recognizes broad and
intense cooperation with China and an essential conspiracy, confined, and sometimes
harassed and insubordinate in the war against the fear of the United States. Despite being
in the midst of the Cold War, Pakistan has never changed its strong relationship with China
at any cost or has stopped pursuing nuclear justice with India. By chance, the interests of
Pakistan and the United States UU. They faced each other in this war and the two were
accepted to work to find a lack of communication. In any case, this is not an inspiration to
believe that EE. UU. And Pakistan cannot develop an unmistakable progressive
understanding of its regular focal points in the area. Both China and the United States UU.
They require a strong relationship with Pakistan to improve their goals on the spot. The
parallel relationship with the United States and China is the most remarkable test and
opportunity in Pakistan. Similarly, as it is said that nature despises emptiness, geopolitics
weakens parallelism and uncertainty (Baker and Zhang, 2012). China's relationship with
Pakistan is therefore fundamental because it allows China to overcome what many consider
the common desires of India to be possible and to update it in India. The expectation is not
to disturb India, however to organize the potential intensity of common relations to end up
being advantageous for China and Pakistan (Engdahl, 2012). India's obsession with
Pakistan and its provincial debate, supported by the dominant needs of India, strengthen
ties between China and Pakistan with the aim of keeping the antagonists of India under
control with the wishes of Pakistan. It is essential to indicate here that the United States has
683 Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 37, No.2
not been busy offering a conceivable security to Pakistan in this way (Baker and Zhang,
2012).

Qualitative Research Technique

Qualitative examinations cut into different abilities. Furthermore, it stares to know an
assumed research problem or subject of the community population it comprises. The
qualitative research is mainly fruitful in obtaining socially specific information about the,
possibilities, occurrences of variables, and collective situations of specific populations.

Global Media
The researchers have consulted the following three global newspapers from USA, UK and
India to collect the qualitative data. The qualitative data comprises with news reports and
articles of selected newspapers from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016.
 Washington Post (USA)
 The Guardian (UK)
 The Hindu (India)

Discussion with Reference to Global Media News Reports

The quality of particular study is the ability to provide multifaceted depictions of how
entities meet an assumed study problem. It provides information about the topic and
explores association of different factors associated with the issue as well as other linkages
of the factors.
Washington Post (USA)
The current war between the United States and NATO in Afghanistan has officially
entangled Pakistan since the mid-2000s. The US war in Afghanistan and NATO against the
Afghan Taliban is used to further adapt the US geopolitical design to the upside and NATO.
It is normal for the US presence in Afghanistan to be updated to constitute a significant
component of its Russian and Chinese fencing system. The long-awaited withdrawal from
the United States could be a reduction in the number of American troops on the ground in
Afghanistan. The United States will continue to maintain a credible military proximity to
Afghanistan, which will likely comprise between ten and fifteen thousand special operation
powers equipped to handle the dangers of supporting a weak Afghan government and
psychological psychological territorial dangers. The certified approach of the antagonistic
atmosphere of the United States with Iran is the intense permanence of the latter for its own
objectives of social and political influence described in a non-restrictive manner, without
serving the interests of the United States at the expense of its own Welfare. Iran is designed
in the same way as the best present danger to Israel's security, which, for every realistic
purpose behind existence, is a development of US security. Because of the intensity of the
Zionist effect in American political and political circles, in the United States. UU. They
believe that any expected or certifiable risk for Israel is a risk to itself. Pakistan, being the
only Muslim country with nuclear operating capabilities, is also seen as a potential risk on
the part of the United States. Therefore, any favorable link between Iran and Pakistan is
seen with great burden and fear in Campidoglio.

The Hindu (India)

India is seeking a two-dimensional agreement that includes the encirclement and
destabilization of Pakistan's center of power from within. This reality will remain that the
agreement in Baluchistan and Khyber Pukhtunkha is not possible as long as the war against
fear continues and instability suffers the energy of external shocks. The real test is to counter
all these efforts with a predominant system executed with skill and diligence. Pakistan
should have an uncommon consideration of Baluchistan, Sind and KPK, as they could be
powerless against external destabilization efforts. Pakistan's nuclear capability must prevent
India from attacking militarily to achieve key objectives. In any case, the head of the Indian
 Muqarrab Akbar, Dr. Adnan Malik 684
army spoke of military attacks forced under the nuclear umbrella. This amply demonstrates
the mysterious incorporation of India into spreading disobedience in Pakistan. Therefore,
India is currently seeking and supporting turbulence-based pressure groups and pressure
groups and fomenting ethnic and racial tensions within Pakistan. Furthermore, it is
effectively collaborating with members hostile to Pakistanis inside and outside in a
campaign of criticism of Pakistan and its important national institutions, in particular
military organizations and related knowledge of Pakistan. Pakistan is organized at the
intersection of superpowers. In the only power of its neighbor that can be imagined with
Russia and the other creative power, is China. Any collaboration between world powers
revises its importance. Pakistan used this factor after the September attacks in the United
States. Security and business are two crucial US interests in the area, while Pakistan expects
a frontline party in the war against fear. In addition to this, the US state's enthusiasm for
developing China will be the Iranian nuclear, the danger in Afghanistan and the benefit of
the Indian market. Today, the political situation of the nation is tinged with a plan of crisis
play and US assault on Iraq and Afghanistan. Which earned all the features to change the
unipolar world to the bipolar world? In each of these circumstances, Pakistan is included
directly or indirectly, especially after the tasks of Al Qaeda. The American research
association has recognized more than once that the war against bigotry could never be won
without the help of Pakistan. Pakistan has fought completely and an incessant task in
Waziristan also focuses on the Taliban conjectured in the surrounding area.
The Guardian (UK)
Central Asia is the central period of the new Great Games, like the western mission for oil
reserves and imperative resources in Asia. After the decline of the USSR, a new mission
began which is how it appeared in the authorized oil issues. Pakistan is close to the oil-rich
countries of the Middle East. The belt started from Iran and linked to Saudi Arabia. As such,
Pakistan could influence the oil shipment. Iran is trying to shift its oil and gas surplus to
eastern countries, while the adventures of the Qatar, Pakistan and Turkmenistan pipeline
highlight the position. In the rare world of the imperative, Pakistan is organized in the
central objective of the rich nations, essentially like Iran and Afghanistan: both are broad
imperatives, while India and China are inadequate. China finds a way to tackle the Indian
Ocean and the Arabian Sea through the Karakoram interstate. Pakistan could, without much
effort, create a risky economy because of its geo-vital position. In reality, Afghanistan also
finds its routes through Pakistan. China, with its economy rate and 9 percent fast, is making
up the southern regions, given that its suburbs are 4500 km from Sinkiang. Gwader is 2500
km away. In addition, Pakistan offers the shortest route of 2,600 km to the focal areas of
Asia when it deviates from Iran to 4,500 km or to Turkey to 5,000 km. The port of Gawader,
with its important waters, attracts the exchange ships of China, CAR and the countries of
south-east Asia. Furthermore, the Baluchistan coastal region can offer a section to the
western areas of China to approach the eastern markets with the progression of coastal roads
and highways. Pakistan has a central and extremely important area in world leadership, as
well as among Muslim states. From the west of Iran, the government of the Republic of
China arrives in North Africa. As a result, Pakistan can adequately carry out its work in the
Muslim economy, sharing resources to combat oppression based on fear. Among Muslim
states throughout the Muslim world, Pakistan is the leading nation with nuclear energy. Due
to the nuclear border, Pakistan has a profound impact on the field of the geopolitical circle
and on the problems of the state with different nations of the world. Last but not least, we
tend to be sure that the previous results show and unequivocally demonstrate that the geo-
vital area of Pakistan is not as important as it is useful for the financial improvement and
prosperity of Pakistan, which would bring prosperity to its relatives.

Conclusion
685 Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 37, No.2
Pakistan is a state that is politically, economically of crucial importance. It has been at the
center of incredible powers for the past 20 years. The intercession of three extraordinary
powers was seen like Great Britain, USSR and EU. Moreover, its importance improved in
the Cold War, when it comes to being an accomplice to the USSR orientation in the United
States, and now after the Cold War it was particularly affected after the events of the nine
eleven. To conclude, it can be safely and conveniently said that western and Indian media
which is being run in accordance with foreign policies of the developed countries could not
allow for Pakistan as an economic hub of the region that may strengthen the communist
dominance in the region again after the Russian set back during 1970s. It is a great concern
for the developed nations that the world is again being to be transformed into a bipolar
world.

Recommendations of the Study

The indigenous condition of Pakistan offers rich roads for China-Pakistan collaboration.
Pakistan urgently needs the overwhelming financial assistance of China to address the
negative dangers of the money crisis and the forces of dissent and weakening reinforced by
the weakening of remote forces, particularly in Baluchistan and KPK. Pakistan is fully
aware of the problems in the country and has the security and national will to address its
problems unequivocally. Beat the TTP by guiding the fanaticism and militancy legitimately
observed by social integration. The proposal and recommendations mentioned below may
have an impact on important commitments for an even more consistent and secure Pakistan
than its geo-vital area in the district. To begin with, it is very important to establish the
progression relative to security and money in Baluchistan and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
through a solid and vital organization. Changing Pakistan's disorderly political system and
progressing in a genuine and capable organization, and compromising political-military
interest. Furthermore, obtaining changes in the field of education in the fundamental and
optional dimension that covers the entire population of their areas. To gain sustenance
control through land changes, cultivation business plans controlled by farmers' cooperatives
with the latest innovation cultivation techniques could be exceptionally useful in this way.
It is strongly suggested that, by determinedly seeking general prosperity with respect to
general medical problems that are identified with genuine diseases by exposing the
problems related to flagella and disease, it is indeed necessary for Pakistan. Furthermore,
the construction of an accommodation and urbanization strategy for Pakistan to provide
reasonable housing through open private partnerships and to organize science parks to
promote creative and improved innovations for budgetary progress are significant advances
that can improve the financial situation of Pakistan on the planet.
Pakistan also needs to learn from China's meetings to learn about the displaced goals and
the lack of different social congregations in a domain and the need to design frameworks to
participate in these meetings to understand their aspirations. Without a broad structure for
social research and a dynamic methodology, governments do not have the data of all the
most probable certifications within the tranquility and progress of the national budget. It is
also crucial to note that Pakistan has a versatile geopolitical potential that can increase and
open up inputs for partnership and collaboration with China and other key local actors. In
any case, the coordinated effort between China and Pakistan can provide a solid basis for
the various partnerships with which Pakistan can and must work to achieve a vital
management capacity.
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