STAIRCASE ELEVATION SYSTEM

Group Members:

ROHAN ALI KHAN (180867)

ZAIN UL ABIDEEN (180915)
ROHAN ALI KHAN (180930)

BE MECHATRONICS (Session 2018-2022)

Project Supervisor
Samina Jamil
Assistant professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS & BIOMEDICAL

ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
AIR UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
 STAIRCASE ELEVATION SYSTEM

FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

(SESSION 2018-2022)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS & BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

 STAIRCASE ELEVATION SYSTEM

Submitted By:
ROHAN ALI KHAN (180867)
ZAIN UL ABIDEEN (180915)
ROHAN ALI KHAN (180930)
Note:
Project Supervisor

Samina Jamil
Assistant professor

Chair Department

Dr. Rana Iqtadar Shakoor

3
 Acknowledgment

First of all we would like to thank Allah SWT who bestowed upon us the intellect and

capability needed to realize this project. Secondly, we would like to thank our

respected supervisor Ma’am Samina Jamil for her kind guidance throughout this

project on the topic of Stair Case elevation system used for medical purpose. We

would like to dedicate this project to our Parents and Differently -abled persons
 Abstract
In Pakistan almost 7 percent of the population is aged over 60, some are physically

disabled and suffering from limbs and knee disorder. In past years, a large group the

people were affected by Polio and mass population of northern areas in earthquake of

2005 became physically disable. Due to which they face severe problems in doing

their routine tasks. Their moment is limited to a specific place. Like in climbing stair

cases at public buildings, parks and their homes. A stairlift is a mechanical device

which is used to lift people and goods up and down on the stairs, who may find

it difficult in doing so themselves. In this a rail is mounted along the treads of the

ssstairs. A chair or carriage is attached to the rail. A person on the chair or carriage is

lifted as the chair or carriage moves along the rail. Our main aim is to design stairlift

for Straight Tracks using optimized driving mechanism, also focusing on modular

design aspect while designing the system in order to make assembly trouble free and

less time consuming during assembly as well as during maintenance and to carry out

results for fail safe design. The general considerations of outcomes in design and

manufacture of a stairlift which should be useful for lifting people weight up to

120kg

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.1 Problem Statement 10

1.2 Motivation 10

1.3 Objectives 10

1.4 Scope of the thesis 10

1.5 Cost Analysis 11

1.6 Timeline 11

1.7 Organization of Report 11

Chapter 2: Description 13

2.1 Description 13

2.2 Literature Review 15

2.3 Methodology 17

2.3.1 Flowchart 17

2.3.2 Block Diagram 18

The Figure shows the block diagram of project which describes every component
used in the project 18

2.3.3 Preliminaries 19

2.3.4 Design Calculations 21

The Power and torque calculations of motor is given below. 21

Torque 21

2.4 CAD Model 22

2.1.1 CAD Model Error! Bookmark not defined.

 List of Figures
Figure 1.1.1 Stairlift commercially built model..............................................................................9
Figure 2.1.1: Gear Motor................................................................................................................14
Figure 2.1.2 Motor Driver...............................................................................................................14
Figure 2.1.3: Ultrasonic Sensor......................................................................................................15
List of Tables
 Chapter 1 : Introduction

Elevator made our daily movement very efficient and less tiring; they vertically

transport goods and people effectively within a building. In Pakistan buildings are old

structured with the limitations for elevators and escalators. People with the physical

disorders face difficulties in their movement inside public or residential buildings.

Since the world is developing, developed systems like elevators and escalators

become very common in new building structures. These developed systems are

invented long ago but their installation requires a large amount of a cost and they have

complex structures. They cannot be installed in old structures because the alteration

also requires ample amount of a cost. To overcome these limitations the concept of

stairlift arises which reduce extra costing factor.

A staircase lift is a inclined transport system that efficiently moves elderly and

physically disabled people between the floors of the building

Figure 2.3.1.1 Stairlift commercially built model

 1.1 Problem Statement

The ways of living are changing everyday and engineering plays a vital role in the

construction of the modern world so is in the demand of development of products that

help us commercially and industrially and at a home level. Therefore, a staircase lift

designed on the basis of mechatronics system is a demand of near future.

1.2 Motivation

People with the disabilities have a very limited access to the daily life resources. Their

working is limited within the boundaries and get deprived of colors of life. Some of

them are brilliant minds but the fear of limitations stops them from moving forward.

Being a part of social welfare programs and working with such people from past couple

of years has motivated us to do something for them using our scope of knowledge.

1.3 Objectives

Objectives of this project is:

i. To design and construct an elevator mounted along staircase to help people with

restricted mobility to move between the floors of the house independently and

safely.

ii. The stairlift should be able to lift the person having weight up to 120kg.

1.4 Scope of the thesis

Staircase lift is a prototype system having a plastic and fabric seat with a control panel

in its arm rest. The base box contains DC motor operated with a 12 volts battery along

with motor drivers and a electronic winch system. The base is supported on wheels that

run on the steel rails. The project’s small size allows it to get installed at any size of the
staircase. Initially the project is only designed for the straight path.

1.5 Cost Analysis

The budget require for our project is shown in Table 1.1

Table 1.1: Cost Analysis

Equipment Unit Price

12 volts DC motor 1 Rs.5000
Motor driver 1 Rs.1500
Voltage regulator 1 Rs.500
12V dry battery 1 Rs.4500
Ultrasonic sensor 3 Rs.450
Steel sheet and rail 1 Rs.3000
Wheel pair 2 Rs.1000

1.6 Timeline

Table 1.2 describes the timeline of development and working of our project.
Table 1.2 Project Timeline

March- April Literature review

May- June Performed experiment and FYP1 submission
July-August Prototype modelling
August- September Mathematical modelling

1.7 Organization of Report

In Chapter 1, introduction is given and proceeded with problem statement in which

we discussed the modern-day solution of problem that is related to our project. In

motivation, we discussed the motivation behind the project. Scope of the thesis,

describes the project briefly and its limitation. In Cost analysis rough budget of

project is described and timeline describes the development in project. In Chapter 2

description of the project is given, literature review of previous work done and our

scope of methodology, product specification is descried, along with design

calculations and 3D CAD model.

 Chapter 2 : Description

In the design of stairlift case the final proposed design was an outcome of an analysis

and modification stages. Unlike elevators stairlifts are easily installed in any situation

provided that the condition of a stair thread and railing and chair lift is good. It is a

DC operated model. Stairs are always a challenge and a danger for a people suffering

from a physical disorder. Falling down stair is another big problem in buildings.

Stairlift reduces these concerns and provide safer method of movement up and down.

2.1 Description

Components of staircase elevator:

Our project mainly consist following components and these components are discussed

are in details.

2 Gear motor.

Gear motor is one of the most widely used motor in different projects. Gear motor

offers high output torque, high resolution, speed reduction, drive large inertial

loads, increased axial and radial loads and improved damping characteristics. Our

project requires the motor to perform effectively well when load is applied on it.

We need simple output from the motor as per the demand of our project to bring

up and down the chair easily. We are in the process of searching the best

compatible gear motor as we are at the initial stages of the project. There are a lot

of choices we have but to pick the best one is still under study.
 Figure 2.3.1.2: Gear Motor

3 Motor driver.

Motor driver is also the key component of our project and it is playing the special

role in our project. Motor driver will be used to control the direction of the motor

when the chair is required to move up and down on the rails. It will allow the

motor to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

Figure 2.3.1.3 Motor Driver

4 Ultrasonic sensor:

The best part of the project is to make it human friendly and a safe ride as much

as we can. Keeping in mind the fact if any sudden issue occur in the system or
 any health issue with the rider riding on that staircase elevator we should manage

to stop it. For the sake of safety we are adding the “emergency stopping system”.

Ultrasonic sensors will help us to achieve this goal easily.

Figure 2.3.1.4: Ultrasonic Sensor

2.2 Literature Review

i. Design Of A Stairlift For Curved Path by Ruturaj Kulkarni*, et al describes

the motor and pulley mechanism for stair lift case running on rails . The research

work helps us in choosing the PMDC motor for our project.

ii. European Patent Application by [ Carlson, Borge (DK) ] BC Lift A/S

9900 Frederikshavn (DK), deals with driving mechanism of stair lift. The

journal describes the standards.

iii. Modelling and analysis of staircase lift for material handling system by

Avinash V, et al , describes the bi-rail mechanism for stairlift case. The

journal helped us in material selection our project. It has bi-rail mechanism

along with pulley system.

2.3 Methodology

To make stairlift more efficient and safe performing, correct mechanism is the key.

The commercially manufacturers of stair lifts use different mechanisms and designs

depending upon stair structures, loading capacity and user comfort. In Figure the flow

chart describes the mechanism of our proposed model design.

2.3.1 Flowchart

Figure 0.5 Flow Chart diagram of Staircase lift mecanism

2.3.2 Block Diagram
The Figure shows the block diagram of project which describes every
component used in the project

Figure 0.6:Block Diagram of Staircase Lift

2.3.3 Preliminaries
1 Drive and Control DC Motor through Controller.

First of all, we drive and control the direction and speed of 12v DC Motor through the

controller by using C code. We connected a controller to the system and attach a L298

Motor driver with the controller and then connect the motor to the motor driver then upload

the code in to controller and run the motor.

Figure 2.3.3.7 task 1 drive and control DC motor through controller

2 Drive DC motor at low speed.

We have controlled the motor speed thorough the code of controller but it is not so

satisfactory so then we find a motor with gear. By using gears, we are able to drive a

motor at continues and low speed. Gears also help in to increase torque.
 Figure 2.3.3.8 Task 2 drive DC motor through controller at low speed

3 Interface an IR sensor with motor.

We connect an IR sensor with controller which is detecting obstacle and sending signal

to the controller. Controller drive or stop the motor then. Basically, the motor is moving

and stop when the obstacle is detected by IR sensor.

Figure 2.3.3.9 interfacing IR sensor with motor

2.3.4 Design Calculations
The Power and torque calculations of motor is given below.

Torque

Elevating chair will move at constant velocity so there is no acceleration effect.

Torque for constant velocity:
T = (F×r)/(1000×efficiency)
Force = m x g = 200 x 9.8 = 1960 N
Radius = 0.25m (radius of pulley)
Efficiency = 20%

T = (1960 x 0.25)/(1000 x 0.20)=2.11Nm

Power:

P=T x rpm

rpm=60/(2pi x 0.25) x (1.5)=57.29

P=2.11 x 57.29=121.0W.
2.4 CAD Model
We designed our model on Solidworks 2018. The following figures describe the proposed

CAD model of stairlift case

Figure 2.4.10 Front View

Figure 2.4.11 Side view

 Figure 2.4.12 Folded seat

Figure 2.4.13 Miscellaneous views

2.5 References

i. •Guided linear motion and components(widest selection of guide

wheel technology) by Bishopwisecarver

ii. •Design of a stairlift for a curevd path

iii. •European patent appication

iv. Linear motion tips by Daniellie Collins

v. Navya, K & Kumar, B & Mounika, G & Vineeth, B & Kapula,

Prabhakara Rao. (2018). SMART STAIR LIFT FOR DISABLED

AND ELDERLY. International Journal of Pure and Applied

Mathematics. 120. 4647-4660.