PROJECT PLANNING

Before starting every project its planning is to be done. Planning is very important task
and should be taken with great care, as the efficiency of the whole project largely depends
upon its planning while planning a project each and every details should be worked out
in anticipation and should carefully is considered with all the relating provisions in
advance. Project planning consists of the following steps.

PROJECT CAPACITY
The capacity of the project must be decided considering the amount of money which can
be invested and availability of material and machines.

DRAWINGS
Drawing been decided for the project to be manufacture. Its detailed drawing
specification for raw material and finished products should be decided carefully along
with the specification of the machines required for their manufacture.

MATERIAL EQUIPMENT
The list of materials required for manufacture is prepared from the drawings. The list of
is known as “BILL OF MATERIALS”. This passes to the store keeper and the required
materials taken from the store under permission of store keeper operation, the necessity
of operation, the person to do the job, machine to be used to do the job are considered
while planning the operation. After considering tea above questions a best method is
developed and the best method is applied to the operation.

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 MACHINE LODING
While planning proper care should be taken to find the machining time for each operation
as correct as possible. So that the arrangement for full utilization of machine can be made
machine loading programmed is also known.

PURCHASE CONSIDERATION
It is different to manufacture all the component needed for the equipment in the workshop
it self. The decision about a particular item whether to purchase or to manufacture is taken
by planning after making through study of relative merits demerits.

EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATION
Result obtained from “PROCESS PLANNING” and “MACHINE LODING” helps in
calculating the equipment requirement specification of the equipment should be laid
down by considering the drawing. Drawing will also help in deciding and necessary
requirement of tools, accessories.

COST CALCULATION

The cost of the project can be calculated by adding following.

1. Material Cost
2. Machining Cost
3. Overhead Expenses.

COMPARISION
The various items in the finished project are compared to the standards for the further
correction.

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 REPORT
At the end of the project work report is prepared for future references. The report consists
of all the items done the project work.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

1 Abstract 5

2 Introduction 6

3 Working Principles 7

4 Design Procedures 8

5 Fabrication Methodologies 14

6 Drawings & Bill of Material 15

7 Cost Estimation 23

8 Results and Conclusion 24

9 Photos 25

10 References 26

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 1. ABSTRACT

In this project we have designed and fabricated a working model of lifting device. In

Workshops or Industry, we need to lift weights ranging from 30kg to 60 kg. To make the process

simple, we have made a machine which is a mixture of crane and hoisting device. This is very

easy to operate in loading and unloading in vertical and horizontal directions. These actions are

achieved through chain and motor. A Motor is connected to the chain block which can lift more

than 100 kg. As it is very portable, it can be placed at any place and used. Moreover, its simple

design allows it the flexibility of operation by both skilled and unskilled persons. It is very ideal

for small industries also.

2. INTRODUCTION

Chain block equipment which can be portable is a large component of any mechanical

shop. This can be achieved through the use of chain.

We know that crane is a kind of hoisting device which is assembled with hoist,

wire rope or cable, chain etc... It is used both to raise and put to down materials and to move

them horizontally or vertically. Machine of this type is mainly used for lifting light or heavy

things and transporting them from one other place.

Which might have consequence in severe accidents, due to lack. Movable hoists

may use a hydraulic or electric technology to raise the load so that they can be shifted between

two close surfaces.

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 Many transportable hoists now use an electric servo mechanism integrating twoway switch

control to raise and lower the weight. The law of conservation of energy, which means that the

power transfer to the load cannot cross the power given into the machine.

Here the main aim is to lower the cost of our device and optimum use out if it. We

have used the materials which can be easily available in our workshop. We have facilitated both

manual and electrical way of mechanism to lift the load.

3. WORKING PRINCIPLES

Portable chain is also known as hand chain hoist. This mechanism is used to
lift and lower weight to higher (1/2 ton) weight with motor. The chain block
contain one cycle freewheel, back wheel hub and small gear. When the chain is
pulled it winds around the hub and begins to lift the items that is attached to the
rope. In ratchet are used for hold the weight in the top. When the chain block hangs in
the small pulley wheel in the tripod hoist stand. The power supply is given to the motor.
When the chain block come down, then to the hook is used to hang the weight. The
motor is rotate; the ratchet moves to another gear tooth. To the weight is hold on the
lift. When the ratchet is released to the teeth, the weight lift is down to the gravity.

Safe we use easy to maintain bring convenience to user operation and impress operational

safety. High weight easy to carry every place. High mechanical efficiency of workers. The

product has beautiful appearance and small size, which solves the problem of site limitations.

Reliable performance, durable.

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 CHAPTER-4

DESIGN ASPECTS AND OPERATION

PROPERTIES OF MILD STEEL:

PHYSICAL PROPERTY:

Melting point - 1427c

Thermal conductivity - 63 W/ m K

CARBON CONTENT:

Low Carbon (or) Mild steel - 0.15% to 0.45% carbon

MECHANICAL PROPERTY:

1. Elasticity
2. Ductility
3. Toughness
4. Weld ability
In our design, sprocket and rachet have a main part hence the calculations are
concentrated on it

OPERATIONS INVOLVED

1. Drilling
2. Gas cutting (flat plate, cylindrical rods)
3. Welding
4. Tapping
5. Thread cutting

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DRILLING

Drilling is the operation of producing cylindrical hole in work piece. It is done by

rotating the cutting edge of the cutter known as drill bit. In this process of bar clamp the
drilling process made on the body of the bed to inserting the bolts.

TAPPING

Tapping is the operation of forming internal thread of small diameter by using a

multipoint tool called tap. This process in bar clamp to done on the holes of the rod to
insert the screw rod.

THREAD CUTTING

Thread cutting is the operation of forming external thread of required diameter of

rod by using a multipoint tool is called thread. This process is used in screw clamp to
done on the rod, which is used for the movement of the movable plate.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. When closing jaws of a clamp, avoid getting any portion of your hands between
the jaws or between the plates and the work.
2. Take care to keep from punched between the ends of the handle of screw.
3. When holding heavy work in a clamp, the place a block of wood under the work
to prevent it from sliding and falling on your foot.
4. Do not open the plates of a clamp beyond their capacity.

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4.1 DESIGN PROCEDURE CHART

NEED OR AIM

SYNTHESIS (MECHANISM)

ANALYSIS OF FORCES

MATERIAL SELECTION

DESIGN OF ELEMENTS

(SIZE AND STRESSES)

MODIFICATION

DETAILED DRAWING

PRODUCTION

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS CHART

PRIMARY CUTTING PROCESS

MACHINING PROCESS

SURFACE FINISHING PROCESS

ASSEMBLING PROCESS

4. DESIGN PROCEDURES:

BASE FRAME:

Base frame is the main buildings block our hoisting device. It carries all the weight of

the crane hand and load which is lifted by the device. The frame is like the Truss structure as we

know a truss is a structure that consists of two-force members only, which are organized so that

the association as a whole act as a single object. A 2-force member is a structural element where

force is enforced to only two points. Although this correct definition allows the members to have

all shape connected in any stable structure, trusses typically be composed of five or more

triangular units manufactured with straight members whose ends are joined at joints designated

as nodes. Here, reactions and external forces to those forces are treated to act only at the nodes

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due to which forces in the members which are either compressive or tensile. For straight

members, moments (torques) are clearly excluded because, all the joints in a truss are considered

as revolute.

BASE FRAME PLATE

CHAIN DRIVE UNIT:

It helps in mechanical power from one place to another up to a very

small distance. It is generally used to transfer power to the wheels of a vehicle, mainly

motorcycles and bicycles. It can be used in other mechanical devices. Particularly, the power is

carried by a roller chain, known as the transmission chain, passing up a sprocket gear, and the

teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the chain links. The smaller sprocket is turned which

pulls the chain establishing mechanical force into the system. It can be used for upraise the load

by giving manual or engine power to the sprocket. For making it effective second sprocket is

placed and the power is regained by attaching shafts or hubs to this sprocket. We can increase

the power transmission distance by attaching idler gear. By changing the diameter of the input

and output gears in relationship to each other, the gear proportion can be corrected according to

the load to be lifted.

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 CHAIN DRIVE

WIRE ROPE:
A hoisting device use wire rope, chain, fibre as its hoisting medium. Wire rope

consists of number of strands twisted together like a helix. Every strand too is made of metal

wires arrange together like a helix. Abrasion resistance developed with some of larger outside

wires per strand. Also fatigue resistance developed with larger outside smaller wires per strand.

Concentrated wire rope is composed of number of wire strands which have passed

through coiling wheels to compress and shape each of the wires to form consolidated structures

or decreases diameters before wounding strands around the core. Because of benefit of the

compacting process, the surface of outside wires is flattened and the meeting area between

strands is increased.

We have different no. of rope falls increase in number of rope fall use in reducing

the tension in the wire rope. Due to friction if no. of rope falls increases then due to friction force

tension also go up in one rope fall so increases the tension by c times. C is known as coefficient

factor varies from 1.029 to 1.14.

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 WIRE ROPE

BOLTS AND NUTS:

A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in

conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners are kept

together by a combination of their threads' friction (with slight elastic deformation), a slight

stretching of the bolt, and compression of the parts to be held together.

In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various locking

mechanisms may be employed: lock washers, jam nuts, specialist adhesive thread-locking fluid

such as Loctite, safety pins (split pins) or lock wire in conjunction with castellated nuts, nylon

inserts (nylon nut), or slightly oval-shaped threads.

The most common shape today is hexagonal, for similar reasons as the bolt head: six

sides give a good granularity of angles for a tool to approach from (good in tight spots), but more

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(and smaller) corners would be vulnerable to being rounded off. It takes only one sixth of a

rotation to obtain the next side of the hexagon and grip is optimal.

BOLD AND NUTS

PRE WHEEL:
The simplest freewheel device consists of two saw-toothed, spring-loaded discs

pressing against each other with the toothed sides together, somewhat like a ratchet. Rotating in

one direction, the saw teeth of the drive disc lock with the teeth of the driven disc, making it

rotate at the same speed. If the drive disc slows down or stops rotating, the teeth of the driven

disc slip over the drive disc teeth and continue rotating, producing a characteristic clicking sound

proportionate to the speed difference of the driven gear relative to that of the (slower) driving

gear.

A more sophisticated and rugged design has spring-loaded steel rollers inside

a driven cylinder. Rotating in one direction, the rollers lock with the cylinder making it rotate in

unison. Rotating slower, or in the other direction, the steel rollers just slip inside the cylinder.

Most bicycle freewheels use an internally step-toothed drum with two or more spring-loaded,

hardened steel pawls to transmit the load. More pawls help spread the wear and give greater

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reliability although, unless the device is made to tolerances not normally found in bicycle

components, simultaneous engagement of more than two pawls is rarely achieved.

PRE WHEEL

5.FABRICATION METHODOLOGIES:

Metal cutting:

We have used iron bars that are triangular, rectangular in cross section.

Dimensions are marked as per required design. We used multi point metal cutter. Metal cutting

operation is done.

Welding:

We need provisions for fixing of frames by using bolt for which we need flanges are

welded by using arc welding.

Assembling:

Finally the whole body structure which consist of base frame, crane boom, hoist

motor, chain drive unit, wire rope and hook are assembled together.

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 CHAPTER-6

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

6.1 PRIMARY CUTTING PROCESS

The processes used for preliminary cutting of the component are known as primary
cutting process. The common operations involved in this process are gas cutting, sawing
etc.

MACHINING PROCESS

The process used for giving final shape to the component according to the planned
dimension is known as machining process. The common processes involved in this
process are planning & drilling.

SURFACE FINISHING PROCESS

The process used to provide a good surface finish for the components are called as
surface finishing process. The common operations used for this process are gear facing,
abrasive belt grinding, cutting, etc.

JOINING PROCESS

The processes used to join the components are known as joining process. The
common operations used for this process are welding & drilling .

6.2. GENERAL PROCEDURE OF DESIGN

REGOGANISATION OF NEED

First, make a complete statement of the problem, indicating the need, aim or
purpose for which is to be designed.

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SYNTHESIS (MECHANISM)

Select the possible mechanism or group of mechanism which will give the desired
motion.

ANALYSIS OF FORCES

Find the forces acting on the each member of the machine and energy transmitted
by the each member.

MATERIAL SELECTION

Select the material best suited for each member of the machine.

DESIGN OF ELEMENTS (SIZE AND STRESSES)

Find the size of each member of the machine by considering the forces acting on
the member and the permissible stress for the material used. It should be kept in the mind
that each member should not deflect or deform then the permissible limit.

MODIFICATION

Modify the size of the member to agree with the past experience and judgment to
facilitate manufacture. The modification may also be necessary by consideration of
manufacturing to reduce overall cost.

DETAILED DRAWING

Draw the detailed drawing of each component of each assembly of the machine
with complete specification for the manufacturing process suggested.

PRODUCTION

The component, as per the drawing, is manufactured in the workshop.

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 CHAPTER-7

MACHINING OPERATIONS

Gas cutting

It is used to break are cut the plates. In this project, it is used to cut the raw
materials such as plates. This done by gas cutting machine.

Shaping

Shaping operation is used to reduce the dimensions of the plates. In this

project, the plates are in need of shaping process. It is done by shaping machine.

Drilling

Drilling is used to produce holes in objects. In this project the jig plates
requires the holes for making bolted assembly. Also to fitting the bushes, holes are
required. These holes are done by conventional vertical type drilling machine.

Tapping

Internal threading operation is used to produce threads inside the hole. It is

also called as tapping process. In this project, the holes except the holes for bushes
are required tapping process. Bolt assembly does this for the purpose of holding
the supporting block and making the jig box.

Fine grinding

It is nothing but the grinding process, which is done as smooth with fine grains.
This is done as the each plate and flanges for good surface finish. It is done by
conventional grinding machine.

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Chamfering

It is the process used to smooth the sharp edges. It is required in the

fabrication processes in order to avoid scratches made by the parts. In this project,
it is used to smooth the sharp edges of the gas cut plates.

Welding

It is the process, which is used to join two, is materials that are more similar
as well as dissimilar materials. In this project, it is used to join the plate. This is
done by arc welding machine.

7.1 FURTHER OPERATIONS

Cleaning

It is the operation to clean the all machined parts without burrs, dust and chip
formals. By meaning the parts, they are brightened and good-looking.

Assembling

It is the operation, which deals with the assembling of various parts

produced by above operations.

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8.DRAWINGS & BOM:

DRAWINGS:

Frame:

20
Stand:

21
Stand plate:

22
Hook:

23
Join plate:

24
Pre-wheel Rod:

25
Assembly:

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 8.BILL OF MATERIALS:

Sl.No. COMPONENTS SIZE QUANTITY

(mm)

1. Base Frame 150x150x400 2

2. Motor 500rpm 1

3. Wire Rope 1500 1

4. Chain 500 1

5. Pre-wheel Diameter 100 1

6. Bolts & Nuts 10 10

7. Roller & Hook 50 1

8. Rod 100 1

9. Mini Gear Diameter60 1

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 9.COST ESTIMATION:
Sl.No. COMPONENTS SIZE QUANTITY COST (Rs)

1. Base Frame 150x150x400 2 200

2. Wire Rope 1500 1 160

3. Chain 500 1 80

4. Pre-wheel Diameter 100 1 120

5. Bolts & Nuts 10 10 60

6. Roller & Hook 50 1 190

7. Rod 100 1 90

8. Mini Gear Diameter 60 1 100

9. Lathe work charge 1500

TOTAL 2500

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 10.CONCLUSION:

Portable chain block weight lift easily up to 30 to 60 kg to the chain block. Portable chain

block operates very easy to operate. It has operated both skilled and unskilled. It is light weight

easy to carry every place. It has useful more than the normal chain block. It is safe to use, easy

to maintain, bring convenience to user’s operation and improve operational safety. high

mechanical efficiency, small hand pulls, improve the efficiency of workers. Reliable

performance, durable. the product has beautiful appearance and small size, which solves the

problem of site limitations.

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11.PHOTOS

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31
12. REFERENCES

 S. Huckle, R. Bhattacharya, M. White, N. Beloff Internet of things, block chain and

shared economy applications Procedia Compute. Sci., 58 (2016), pp. 461-466

 S. Huh, S. Cho, S. Kim Managing IoT devices using block chain platform International

Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT (2017), pp. 464-467 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006

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