2

Lesson 2
Grammar

Sentences
1-Simple Sentences.
2-Compound Sentences.
3.Complex Sentences.
1-Simple Sentences.
I eat rice.
S V O S=1
V=1
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2-Compound Sentences.
for
I eat rice and Nimal drinks soup. S=2
S V nor S V V=2
Clause 1 but = Clause 2
or
yet
so/still

fanboys- coordinating
Conjuctions
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3-Complex Sentences
I eat rice because Nimal drinks soup.
Clause 1 =
Clause 2
Main Sub S=2
V=2
Because Nimal drinks soup, I eat rice.
Sub Main
He came home after winning the battle.
After winning the battle, he came home.
Subordinating Conjuctions
because, till, although , if, unless, since, as, after, whenever, which, while, who, why, once, provided, since,
supposing, than ,that ,though, till, unless, until ,when , before, even, where,whom,whose

so that, In order to, As far as, except that, as if , as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, even if, even
though, if only, if when, if then, in order that, just as, whereas, where if, wherever, provided that, rather than,
now since, now that, now when, so that
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1)- Simple Sentence.

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I eat rice. S=1 V=1 O=1

2)- Compound Sentence.

for

I eat rice and Nimal drinks soup. S=2 V=2 O=2

Clause 1 Clause 2

nor
but
or
yet
so/still

fanboys
Clause 1 = Clause 2

3)- Complex Sentences.

I eat rice because Nimal drinks soup. S=2 V=2 O=2

Clause 1 = Clause 2

Main Clause Sub-ordinate Clause

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Simple Sentences:
He must work very hard to make up for the lost time.
He betrayed his country to his eternal disgrace.
Conjunctions

1-Coordinating Conjunctions 2-Correlative conjunctions 3-Subordinating conjunctions

for,and,nor, but, or, yet,still/so Either-or

FANBOYS Neither-nor

Both…..and

Not only….-but also

This coat can not be mine for it is too large.
Simple
because, till, Although ,
if, Unless, since, as,
after, whenever, which,
while, who, why, once,
provided, since,
supposing, than ,that
,though, till, unless,
until ,when , before,
Coordination even,
where,whom,whose
Compound
so that, In order to, As
far as, Except that, as if
as long as, as much as, as
soon as, as though, even
if, even though, if only,
if when, if then, in order
that, just as, whereas,
where if, wherever,
provided that, rather
than, now since, now
that, now when, so that

Coordination Subordination

Compound Sentence Complex Sentence

He must work very hard and make up for the lost time. He worked hard so that he might pass the examination.

He betrayed his country and this was to his eternal disgrace. The management is as bad as it could be.

He is the boy who stole my purse.

He returned home after winning the battle. .
After winning the battle, he came home.
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Simple Sentences: Compound Sentence Complex Sentence

S=1 V=1 S=2 V=2 fanboys S=2 V=2 Sub Ord C
He must work very hard to make He must work very hard and make up He worked hard so that he might pass the
up for the lost time. for the lost time. examination.

He betrayed his country to his He betrayed his country and this was The management is as bad as it could be.
eternal disgrace. to his eternal disgrace.

He is the boy who stole my purse.

He returned home after winning the battle.

After winning the battle, he returned home

 Example

Convert the following simple sentence into compound sentence.

1. He must work very hard to make up for the lost time.

 He must work very hard and make up for the lost time.

2. To his eternal disgrace, he betrayed his country.

 He betrayed his country and this was to his eternal disgrace.

3. Beside robbing the poor child he also murdered her.

 He not only robbed the poor child but also murdered her.

4. In this tower sat the poet gazing on the sea.

 In this tower the poet sat and gazed on the sea.

Exercise 1

Rewrite the following Simple sentences as Compound ones:- add FANBOYS

1. To everyone's surprise, the plan completely failed.

The plan completely failed and everyone was surprised.

2. Seeing the rain coming on, the children took shelter under a tree.
The children saw the rain coming and took shelter under a tree.

3. Besides educating his son, he also set him up in business.

He only only educated his son but also set him up in business.

4. Hearing their father's footsteps, the girls ran away.

The girls heard their father’s footsteps and ran away.
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5. The beggar, being very hungry, ate too much.

The beggar was very hungry and ate too much.

The beggar ate too much for he was very hungry.

Exercise 2

Rewrite the following Compound sentences as Simple ones:- Remove fanboys

1. They were poor, and often suffered great hardship.

They were poor. They often suffered great hardships.

Being poor they often suffered great hardships.

2. He overslept himself, and so he missed the train.

Having over slept himself he missed the train.

3. The prince slew his brother and became king in his place.

Slaying his brother he became king in his place.

4. This coat cannot be mine, for it is too big.

This coat is too big to be mine.

5. My friend arrived and we went for a walk.

Having my friend arrived we went for a walk.

6. The servant brought the lamp and I began my homework.

Having the servant brought the lamp I began my homework.

7. The ink had dried up and I could not write.

Having the ink dried up I couldn’t write.

8. I have a lot of work and must do it now.

I have a lot of work to do now.

10 times
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Exercise 3

Convert the following Simple sentences to Complex sentences each containing a noun
clause:- add Subordinating Con

1. I expect to meet Rama to-night.

2. He hoped to win the prize.
3. His father is not likely to punish him.
4. He admitted stealing the watch.

Convert the following Simple sentences to Complex sentences, each containing an

Adjective clause:-

5. I saw a wounded bird.

6. Rama is happy in his present class.
7. The man near me is my brother.
8. Our guru is a man of blameless life.

Exercise 4

Convert the following Simple sentences to Complex sentences:

once, provided, since, supposing, than ,that ,though, till, unless, until ,when , before, even, where,whom,whose
so that, In order to, As far as, except that, as if , as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, even if, even
though, if only, if when, if then, in order that, just as, whereas, where if, wherever, provided that, rather than,
now since, now that, now when, so that

1. On being punished, he wept.

When he was punished, he wept.
2. During Queen Victoria's reign there were many wars.
When Queen Victoria was reigning, there were many wars.
3. Being quite contented, he never grumbled.
Since he was quite contented, he never grumbled.
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4. Being ill-treated by his master, he ran away.

As he was ill-treated by his master, he ran away. 10 Times

Exercise 5

Rewrite the following Simple sentences as Complex sentences:-

1. Can you tell me the time of his arrival?
2. After seeing the King he departed.
3. Many ships were so shattered as to be wholly unmanageable.
4. England expects every man to do his duty.

Exercise 6

Convert each of the following Complex sentence to a Simple sentence:-

1. We believe that he is innocent.
2. It was much regretted that he was absent.
3. The consequence of his carelessness was that the game was lost.
4. He asked why I came.

Exercise 7

Convert each of the following Complex sentences to a Simple sentence:-

1. He sold the horse which belonged to his brother.
2. As I was unable to help in any other way, I gave her some money.
3. I have no horse that I can lend you.
4. The marks that were left by the whip were still visible.

Exercise 8

Convert the following Complex sentences into Simple sentences:-

1. As you are here you may as well see it.
2. He was angry when he heard the result.
3. Does he know the consequences if he refuses?
4. He cannot go unless I consent.
5. It is terrible that people should die of starvation.
6. I was unable to hear what you were saying.
7. We did not go, as the weather was too stormy.
8. It is doubtful whether he will succeed.

Exercise 9

Transform from Compound into Complex sentences:-

1. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
2. He put on his hat and went outside.
3. At length she woke and looked round.
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4. Keep quiet, or you will be punished.

5. Give me the book and I will read it.
6. Take quinine and your fever will be cured.
7. I tell him to be quiet and he takes no notice.
8. He is deaf but he will always pretend to hear.

Exercise 10

Convert from Complex to Compound sentences:-

1. Once upon a time a man owned a hen which laid every day a golden egg.
2. We selected this bicycle after we had tried several times.
3. It is surprising that he did not succeed.
4. If you do not take exercise, you will be ill.
5. Rama went to school as soon as he had finished his meal.
6. If I ask a civil question I expect a civil reply.
7. They have never been poor since they opened that shop.
8. I could answer if I chose