Ram as well as Shyam is coming.
Conjunction
Conjunction is a word, or a group of words which
connects two or more than two, words, phrases,
clauses, sentences, etc.
Ram and Shyam will come.
People’s ignorance and population explosion are two
inter-related problems.
She said that she would come.
Types of Conjunctions
1. Co-ordinating conjunction
a) Cumulative Conjunctions
b) Alternative Conjunctions
c) Adversative Conjunctions
d) Illative Conjunctions
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
3. Correlative Conjunctions
4. Compound Conjunctions
1. Co-ordinating conjunction: Conjunction like ‘and’,
‘but’ and ‘yet’ connect two sentences, each of them
individually have a meaning. If these sentences are
separated into different clauses, one will be the
Principal clause and the other the Co-ordinate clause.
If a Co-ordinate Clause is formed in a conjunction, the
conjunction is called a Co-ordinating conjunction.
He read the notes and returned them to me.
He came to meet me, but I was not at home.
She worked hard yet she failed.
a) Cumulative conjunctions: These conjunctions
connect two nouns, pronouns etc. For example- And,
also, both.....and, as well as, now, too, no less than
etc.
He is rich and happy.
Conjunction Class Sheets
b) Alternative conjunctions: Where we have to
choose one out of two given alternatives, we use
alternative conjunctions. For example- Either....or,
Neither....nor, else, otherwise etc.
Either sit quietly or go away.
You must run fast else you will miss the train.
c) Adversative conjunctions: ‘But’, ‘yet’, ‘still’, ‘only’,
‘however’, ‘nevertheless’, ‘while’, ‘whereas’ are used
to join nouns, pronouns, sentences etc that denote
that the result is opposite to the action.
He is rich but is not happy.
He is industrious still he does not get good marks.
d) Illative conjunctions: Illative conjunctions join two
actions in which one action is the result of the other
action.
I was ill so I could not come.
2. Subordinating conjunctions: Read the following
sentences.
(a) If you work hard, you will succeed.
(b) Since I was busy, I could not call you up.
In these sentences, conjunctions like ‘If’, ‘since’ etc
join two clauses. If sentence are divided into clauses,
one will be the principal clause and the other the
subordinate clause. Here the subordinate depends on
the principal clause. The conjunction which joins a
subordinate clause is called subordinating
conjunction. Here the conjunction is needed to make
the sentence meaningful. The following Subordinating
conjunctions are used depending on the meaning of
the sentence.
(i) Time: When, whenever, till, until, before, since,
while, as soon as, as long as, just as
(ii) Place: Where, wherever
(iii) Cause: Since, because, as
(iv) Purpose: That, so that, in order that, lest
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(v) Result: So.....that, such.....that He is not only dishonest but also lazy.

(vi) Condition: If, supposing, unless, provided

(vii) Manner: As, as if, as though, as far as Ram as well as his friends is coming.

(viii) Comparison: As, as.....as, so.....as, than Ram as well as his friends are coming.

(ix) Contrast (Difference): Though, although, He and not his parents is guilty.
however
He and not his parents are guilty.
3. Correlative conjunctions: Conjunctions that appear
in pair are correlative conjunction. For example-
‘Either.....or’, ‘neither.....nor’, ‘both.....and’, ‘not Not only he cheated his friends but also his parents.
only.....but also’, ‘though.....yet’, ‘whether.....or’.
He cheated not only his friends but also his parents.
Neither his friends nor his parents know about his evil
intentions. Either sit quietly or go away.

I do not know whether he will come or not. Sit either quietly or go away.

4. Compound conjunctions: A group of words used as Neither the poor villagers grow nor eat vegetables.
a conjunction is called Compound conjunction.
The poor villagers neither grow nor eat vegetables.
In order that: The announcement was made in order
that all might know the new date of exam.
Though he worked hard but he failed.
On condition that: I will give you money on condition
that you will not misuse it. Though he worked hard yet he failed.
Even if: She will succeed in life even if she faces some He is both intelligent as well as industrious.
initial failures.
He is both intelligent and industrious.
So that: We eat so that we may live.
The party is between 7 p.m and 9 p.m.
Provided that: You can take any dress provided that
you return it after the party. The party is between 7 p.m to 9 p.m.

As though: He shows off as though he is very rich. The party is from 7 p.m to 9 p.m.

As well as: Ram as well as his friends has come to the I have no other aim but to succeed in life.
party.
I have no other aim than to succeed in life.
As soon as: The farmers will sow the seeds as soon as
Nothing else but arrogance ruined him.
it rains.
He asked me if I was coming or not.
As if: He scolded me as if he were my father.
He asked me whether I was coming or not.

He is both intelligent and hard working.

I am so happy.
He is both intelligent as well as hard working.
I am very happy.
He is not only dishonest but lazy.

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He is so tired that he can’t walk. Since I was ill, so I could not come.

He is too tired to walk. Since I was ill, I could not come.

It is too hot to go out. Since I was ill, therefore I could not come.

It is so hot that we cannot go out.

No sooner did he see me when he ran away.

She is so weak that she cannot walk. No sooner did he see me than he ran away.

She is too weak to walk. No sooner did he see me then he ran away.

This problem is so complicated that no one can solve Hardly I saw him when I stopped my car.
it.
Hardly did I see him when I stopped my car.
This problem is too complicated for anyone to solve it.

It is so expensive that I cannot buy it.

Run fast lest you will miss the train.
It is too expensive for me to buy it.
Run fast lest you should miss the train.
Neither Ram or his friends have come.

Neither Ram nor his friends have come.

Until the light turns red, no one will stop.
Either Rahul or Sohan has come.
Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed.
Either Rahul nor Sohan has come.

Till the train gets the signal, it will not proceed.

Neither of his four sons looked after him.
Until the train gets the signal, it will not proceed.
None of his four sons looked after him.

Either of the students of your class has done this

Until the train will not get the signal, it will not run.
mischief.

One of the students of your class has done this Until the train gets the signal, it will not run.
mischief.

Unless the Government will not take action,

As soon as he will come, I will call you up. corruption will not stop.

As soon as he comes, I will call you up. Unless the Government takes action, corruption will
not stop.
When I come, then I will meet you.

When I come, I will meet you.

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He doubts that she will help him. Some common conjunctions are

He doubts if/whether she will help him. And

Otherwise, or else
I have no doubt if/whether he will cheat me. Therefore,
Consequently
I have no doubt that he will cheat me. Neither....nor
So....that
I am doubtful that my parents will allow me to go to So....as
the party. Whether....or
As soon as
I am doubtful if/whether my parents will allow me to Or............
go to the party. Not only........but also
As well as
So, hence
Either.....or
He is not doubtful if/whether I will finish his work in Both.....and
time. Too....to
As........as
He is not doubtful that I will finish his work in time. As........so
But
No sooner......than
Scarcely......when
This is the same book that I wanted.
Where
He is the same boy that met me in the market. Wherever
Whenever
He is the same boy who met me in the market. While
As.....,
Such.....that
Provided
This is the same book as mine. Through
Whereas
As though
When
He is as intelligent as you. Until/unless....,
Because
He is so intelligent as you. Lest......should
If
He is not as intelligent as you. As if
Although
He is not so intelligent as you.
Nevertheless
As far as

He ran as faster as he could.

He ran as fast as he could.

He is as better as you.

He is as good as you.

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