‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘـﻮﻯ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ‪.

‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌــﺎﺩﺓ ‪ :‬ﻓﻴـﺰﻳــﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘــﺎﺫ ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻳﺐ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍ‪‬ــﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ : 2‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬

‫
‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ) ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻧﺴﺤﺎﺑﻴﺔ ( ‪:‬‬

‫‪F‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪ -1-1‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬
‫) (‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫
‬
‫ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ AB‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ‪WAB F = F . AB.cos α :‬‬
‫‪ -2-1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫⊕‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ‪ -‬ﺃ‪ : -‬ﳒﺮ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪ F = 103 N‬ﻣﻦ ‪ A‬ﺇﱃ ‪ B‬ﲝﻴﺚ ‪. AB = 102 m‬‬
‫
‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫** ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫) (‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫
‬
‫‪ . WAB‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪cos α = 1 ⇐ 0 =α :‬‬ ‫** ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪F = F . AB.cos α :‬‬
‫‪WAB = 105 j‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫** ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ WAB ≻ 0 :‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﳏﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ‪-‬ﺏ‪ : -‬ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺎ ‪ F = 500 N‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪CD = 500 m‬‬
‫
‬ ‫⊕‬ ‫** ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﻌﻴﻘﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪ . WCD‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪cos α = −1 ⇐ π = α :‬‬ ‫** ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪F = F . AB.cos α :‬‬
‫‪WAB = −25 × 103 j‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫** ﺍﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ WAB ≺ 0 :‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪y‬‬
‫‪ -3-1‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ‪ :‬ﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳋﺸﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺭﺱ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫
‬ ‫‪α‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Px‬‬
‫
‬
‫‪Py‬‬
‫‪(1) ...............‬‬ ‫‪h = L.sin α ⇐ sin α = h‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪α‬‬ ‫‪x′‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫** ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫) ( ) (‬
‫


‬
‫‪y′‬‬ ‫

‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺗﲔ ‪ Px‬ﻭ ‪ Py‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﻦ ‪ xx′‬و ‪ yy′‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫** ﺭﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ ﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫** ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫
‬ ‫


‬ ‫
‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ W R = R.L.cos α :‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ R ⊥ xx′‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ cos α = 0‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ‪W R = 0 :‬‬

‫) (‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫) (‬
‫
‬ ‫


‬ ‫
‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ W f = f .L.cos α :‬ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ α = f , xx′ =π‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ cos α = −1‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ‪ W f = − f .L ≺ 0 :‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫ﻭ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪ cos  − α  = sin α :‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ‪W ( P ) = P.L.cos  − α  :‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫) ‪W P = P.L.sin (α‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪6/1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
 ‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫‪W P = m.g .h‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )‪ (1‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻮﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪h‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺴﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺛﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﻞ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﱵ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫‪h1‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫‪h2‬‬ ‫‪WAB‬‬ ‫) ‪P = mgh ⇐ WAB P = P. ( h2 − h1‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫** ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﺍ ﻧﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ (‬
‫ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎﺹ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
‫‪m‬‬

‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫** ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ‪ m = 0, 2 kg‬ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬
‫** ﻧﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪ m‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪. O‬‬
‫** ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﱪﻣﺞ ﺁﱄ ) ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ( ﳔﻀﻊ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ‪ m = 0, 2 kg‬ﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪W ( j ) × 10−3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫)‪v (m / s‬‬ ‫‪0,1‬‬ ‫‪0, 2‬‬ ‫‪0, 3‬‬ ‫‪0, 4‬‬ ‫‪0, 5‬‬ ‫‪0, 6‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ‪ m‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ A‬ﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ) ‪ W ( F‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ‪ m‬ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫
‬
‫
‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ‪ m‬ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪ F‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ‪ D = OA‬ﻣﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ WDC ( F ) = F .DC.cos α‬ﻭ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ a1 = F .cos α‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬
‫
‬

‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫‪(1) .............‬‬ ‫‪WDC F = a1.DC‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ‪. DC‬‬
‫
‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ‪ m‬ﺧﺎﺿﻊ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪ F‬ﻭ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﺭﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ‪( 2 ) ............. DC = c1.t 2 :‬‬
‫ﻭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ‪( 3) ............. v = c2 .t :‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ) ‪ ( 2‬ﻭ )‪ ( 3‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ‪( 4 ) ............. v 2 = a2 .DC :‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ : a‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ )‪ (1‬ﻭ ) ‪ ( 4‬ﳒﺪ ‪( 5) ............... W = a.v 2 :‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﳊﻈﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ‪. W = f ( v 2 ) :‬‬
‫‪W ( j ) × 10−3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬
‫) ‪v2 ( m / s‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0, 01‬‬ ‫‪0, 04‬‬ ‫‪0, 09‬‬ ‫‪0,16‬‬ ‫‪0, 25‬‬ ‫‪0, 36‬‬
‫‪6/2‬‬
 ‫)‪W ( j‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪W = a.v 2 :‬‬
‫‪102‬‬ ‫ﺏ(‪ -‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0, 025 − 0, 004‬‬ ‫‪∆ W W −W‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬ ‫‪⇐ a = 2 = 22 21‬‬
‫‪0, 25 − 0, 04‬‬ ‫‪∆v‬‬ ‫‪v2 − v1‬‬
‫) ‪a = 0,1 j / ( m / s‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫⇐‬
‫ﺝ(‪ -‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪∆W W2 − W1‬‬

‫) ‪v2 ( m / s‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪a = 0,1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫)‪(m / s‬‬ ‫‪∆v 2 v22 − v12‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪[ a ] = Kg‬‬
‫‪N .m‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪Kg . m / s 2 .m‬‬ ‫)‬
‫⇐‬ ‫= ]‪[a‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫⇐‬
‫)‪(m / s‬‬ ‫)‪(m / s‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪a 0,1 1‬‬

‫=‪a‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫⇐‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﻴﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﻭﺱ ﳒﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪m 0, 2 2‬‬
‫ﺩ( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ECA‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Wm‬‬ ‫=‪W‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ) ‪ ( 5‬ﳒﺪ ‪m.v 2 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ECO‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ‪ : m‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﲟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳓﻔﺎﻅ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ‪ECO + Wm = ECA : m‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ‪ O‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ ECO = 0‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫= ‪W = EC‬‬ ‫‪m.v 2‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ‪ ، A‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪6/3‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ‪ :‬ﲤﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺳﻲ‬

‫** ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 2‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪. F .d .cos α :‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ W = − F .d‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ d‬ﻫﻮ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬

‫** ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 3‬‬

‫ﻻﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ A‬ﺇﱃ ‪ , B‬ﻷﻥ ‪ g‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺫﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪ A‬ﺇﱃ ‪B‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ) ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺫﺑﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬

‫** ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 7‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫=‪F‬‬ ‫=‪⇐ F‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪⇐ W = F . AB.cos α :‬‬
‫‪10.cos α‬‬ ‫‪AB.cosα‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫=‪F‬‬ ‫** ﳌﺎ ‪= 11, 5 N ⇐ α = 30 :‬‬ ‫=‪F‬‬ ‫** ﳌﺎ ‪= 10 N ⇐ α = 0 :‬‬
‫‪10 × 0,86‬‬ ‫‪10 × 1‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫=‪F‬‬ ‫** ﳌﺎ ‪= 20 N ⇐ α = 60 :‬‬
‫‪10 × 0, 5‬‬
‫** ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪ :‬ﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫
‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 8‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫
‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺿﻠﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫** ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ‪WAB = F × AB : AB‬‬
‫



‬
‫‪π‬‬ ‫
‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪BC ⊥ F‬‬ ‫** ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ‪ WBC = 0 : BC‬ﻷﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫** ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ‪WCD = F × CD × cos π = − F × CD : CD‬‬
‫



‬
‫‪DA ⊥ F‬‬ ‫** ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ‪ WDA = 0 WDA=0 : DA‬ﻷﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫
‬
‫
‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻖ ‪ ABCD‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪WAA = WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA = 0‬‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫
‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ‪ α = 300‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪AB‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ﳒﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ‪. WAA = 0‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫‪6/4‬‬
 ‫ﲤﺮﻳﻦ‪: 9‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻴﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫
‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻣﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺗﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪W1 = 9800 j ⇐ W1 = F .h = P.h = 980 × 10‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ‬

‫

‬ ‫

‬ ‫
‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺗﲔ ‪ P :‬ﻭ ‪ N‬ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﲔ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻄﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ‪f‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪W2 = 3000 j ⇐ W2 = f .d = 300 × 10‬‬
‫
‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ‪W2 = F .d = 980 j :‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﲔ ‪،‬‬
‫
‬ ‫

‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪WAB = F . AB = f . AB + P.d‬‬
‫
‬
‫‪d = 6m‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫⇐ ‪WAB = 8880 j WAB = 30 × 10 + 980 × 6‬‬
‫
‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻁ ) ‪. (W‬‬ ‫=‪P‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆t‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ E :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻱ ﻭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺃﻱ ‪E = W‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ∆t‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ‪∆t = 55 s :‬‬

‫‪3000‬‬ ‫‪9800‬‬
‫=‪P‬‬ ‫‪= 54, 54 W‬‬ ‫** ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ‪: 2‬‬ ‫=‪P‬‬ ‫‪= 178, 2 W‬‬ ‫** ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ‪: 1‬‬
‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬
‫‪8880‬‬
‫=‪P‬‬ ‫‪= 161, 45 W‬‬ ‫** ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ‪: 3‬‬
‫‪55‬‬

‫** ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 14‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺮ‬
‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳓﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﳊﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﳊﻈﺔ ﳌﺲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ 2‬ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ‪W P = EC 2 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺮ ‪EC 2 = 23520 j ⇐ EC 2 = P.h = m.g .h = 60 × 9,8 × 40 :‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫⇐ ‪v = 28 m / s ⇐ v 2 = 2 g .h‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﳊﻈﺔ ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪m.v 2 = P.h = m.g .h :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪6/5‬‬
 ‫** ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 16‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﻼﻉ ‪. 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪∆EC = EC 2 − EC1‬‬ ‫‪m.v22 − m.v12‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﻣﺔ ﺇﺫﻥ ‪∆EC = 2, 43 × 108 j ⇐ ∆EC = × 70 ×103 × ( 83, 33) − 0 :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺔ ‪W = 3,15 ×108 j ⇐ W = F .d = 3, 5 ×105 × 900 :‬‬
‫‪EC 2‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫‪W F‬‬ ‫
‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ F‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﳓﻔﺎﻅ ‪:‬‬
‫‪EC1‬‬
‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫ا ة‬ ‫‪W F + EC1 = EC 2‬‬

‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ EC1 = 0 :‬ﺇﺫﻥ ‪W F = EC 2 :‬‬
‫
‬
‫‪ -4‬ﲟﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ‪ F‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫) (‬
‫
‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ‪ W F ≻ ∆EC :‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪. f‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﳓﻔﺎﻅ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪W F − W f = EC 2 :‬‬
‫‪2E C‬‬

‫)‪W(f‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪:‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫)‪W(F‬‬ ‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫‪W f = 0, 72 × 108 j ⇐ W f = 3,15 × 108 − 2, 43 × 108‬‬
‫‪1E C‬‬
‫ا ة‬

‫** ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ‪: 19‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺇﺫﻥ ‪WAB = 45 j ⇐ WAB = P.h = 25 × 1, 8 :‬‬
‫‪WAB= 45 J‬‬
‫‪ECB‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺍﳊﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ( ‪:‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳓﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ECA‬‬ ‫‪ECB − ECA = W ⇐ ECA + W = ECB‬‬
‫ا ة‬
‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪⇐ vB2 = v A2 + 2‬‬ ‫‪-4‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳌﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪⇐ m.vB2 = m.v A2 + W :‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪vB = 11, 66 m / s‬‬

‫‪6/6‬‬