Islamic University of Gaza

Chapter 4
DC Biasing–BJTs Dr. Talal Skaik
 Miscellaneous Bias Configurations

Example 4.18

Example 4.20

Example 4.19
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 2 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Example 4.20

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 3 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Design Operations
Current and/or Voltage may be specified, and the values of
resistors are to be found.
Example 4.21
Determine VCC , RB , RC

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 4 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
Example 4.25
Determine resistor values. Assume:
1 1
VE  V CC , R2   RE
10 10

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 5 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Transistor Switching Networks
Transistors are used for amplification and also they can be
used as electronic switches.

Transistor Inverter

The output voltage VC is opposite to that applied to the base.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 6 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Switching Circuit Calculations
Cutoff: When IB=0 (Vi=0), IC=ICEO≈0mA → VC=VCC=5V.
Saturation: When Vi=5V, transistor must be operated in saturation
region by having sufficient level of IB. → VC=VCEsat≈0V.

Operating Point switch from cutoff to saturation along load line.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 7 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Switching Circuit
Calculations
Saturation current:
VCC
I Csat 
RC
To ensure saturation:
I
I B  Csat
 dc

V i  0.7 5  0.7
When Vi =5, I B    63 A
RB 68k 
V CC 5
I Csat    6.1mA
RC 0.82k
I Csat 6.1mA
I B  63 A    48.8 A
 125
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 8 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Transistor Switching Networks

VCEsat
R sat 
I Csat

Saturation conditions and the resulting terminal resistance.

VCC
R cutoff 
I CEO

Cutoff conditions and the resulting terminal resistance.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 9 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 PNP Transistors

The analysis for pnp transistor biasing circuits is

the same as that for npn transistor circuits. The
only difference is that the currents are flowing in
the opposite direction.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 10 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Practical Applications – Relay Driver

Relay driver: (a) absence of

protective device; (b) with a
diode across the relay coil.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 11 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Practical Applications – Relay Driver

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 12 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Constant Current Source

Building a constant-current source assuming ideal BJT characteristics:

(a) ideal characteristics; (b) network; (c) demonstrating why IC remains constant.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 13 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Constant Current Source

Network establishing a fairly constant current source due to its reduced

sensitivity to changes in beta.
Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 14 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Logic Gates

Points of operation for a BJT logic gate.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 15 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.
 Logic Gates

BJT logic gates: (a) OR; (b) AND.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Dr. Talal Skaik 2014 16 Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All rights reserved.