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Chapter - 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Injection molding represents the most important process for manufacturing plastic parts. The process is
raw material is fed into a heated barrel in the form of granules from the hopper, mixed and forced into a
mold cavity where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the mold cavity, the features of the
desired part such as simple components to complex components [1].The process of plastic injection dates
back to 1872 when the first molding machine was invented and patented by two brothers John and
Isaiah Hyatt. The machine was used to mold buttons, combs and similar items. This marked the
beginning of the plastic manufacturing industry[2] .Since then a lot of design improvements has been
achieved.

Injection molding has been a challenging process for many manufacturers and researchers to produce
products meeting requirements at the lowest cost. In Pneumatically operated plastic injection molding
machine molding operation is done with the help of compressed air to transfer energy. In this machine
two pneumatic cylinders are used. One for injection of plastic and other for automatic opening of the die
[3]. The finished product is too hot to touch due to high temperature. So automatic die opening
mechanism is required. A pneumatic system uses air which is a free substance, so it is cheaper than
hydraulic machines. Besides it is more efficient as compared to manual machine. There is no problem of
oil leakage and fire hazards. In manual machines the space required for installation is very large. This
problem is solved in pneumatic machine due to its compact nature.

[3] Moldflow, 2004, “Injection Molding Automation: From Concept to Flawless Volume Production in One Go”.

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