Coin based cola and soda vending

machine
Mechatronics Project

An undergraduate mechatronics project BY: ABEL MEKETA

in Adama Science and Technology
ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND

MATERIALS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MECHATRONICS PROJECT

BY: ABEL MEKETA

 Table of Contents
List of Figures................................................................................................................................IV
Abstract.............................................................................................................................................V
Chapter 1..............................................................................................................................................0
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................0
1.1 Background Information..........................................................................................................0
1.2 History............................................................................................................................................0
1.3 The Future......................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 2..............................................................................................................................................2
Construction of coin based cola and soda vending machine.............................................................2
2.1. Design............................................................................................................................................3
2.2 Quality Control..............................................................................................................................3
2.3. Electronics Components...............................................................................................................4
2.3.1 Coin Acceptor – DG600...........................................................................................................4
2.3.2. Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232.....................................5
2.3.3 Microcontroller.........................................................................................................................6
2.3.4. L293D......................................................................................................................................8
2.3.5. 12V 1.2AH Rechargeable Battery............................................................................................9
2.4. Programming Tools....................................................................................................................10
2.4.1 KeilMDK................................................................................................................................10
2.4.2 Nuvoton ISP Programmer.......................................................................................................11
2.5. Mechanical System.....................................................................................................................12
2.5.1. Materials Used.......................................................................................................................12
2.5.2. The Manufacturing Process...................................................................................................12
2.6. Schematic representation...........................................................................................................15
Chapter 3............................................................................................................................................16
Working Principle and Characteristics of Cola and Soda Vending machines..............................16
3.1 Working Principle.......................................................................................................................16
3.2 Characteristics.............................................................................................................................16
Chapter 4............................................................................................................................................18
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cola and Soda Vending machines...........................................18
4.1. Advantages..................................................................................................................................18
4.2. Disadvantages.............................................................................................................................19
Reference.............................................................................................................................................20
 List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Alexandria, Egypt. In A.D. 1076.........................................................................................2
YFigure 2.1- DG600F (Coin acceptor)
…………………………………………………………………………………………… …..5
Figure 2.2 - Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232................................6
Figure 2.3 – Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller..........................................................................7
Figure 2.4 - L293D microcontroller.......................................................................................................9
Figure 2.5 - 12V DC Battery and Charger...........................................................................................10
Figure 2.6 - Software – Keil (logo)......................................................................................................11
Figure 2.7 - Nuvoton ISP Programmer...............................................................................................12
Figure 2.8 Final product....................................................................................................................14
Figure 2.9 Schematic Diagrams........................................................................................................15
 Abstract

The main purpose of designing our project was to create a coin based cola and
soda vending machine which could provide a number of soft drinks, an to the
people using extremely simple steps. These steps would not be time consuming at
all. The user would get all the details on the screen which he/she should follow.
We have made an attempt to vend products of different prices in the same
machine. The machine will also provide the balance money to the user depending
on the product selected. We have tried to implement various combinations so
that people can get a wide range of drinks to choose from. Despite a few
difficulties and a lot of support from our project in charge we were able to
incorporate our program and have a vending machine which could actually be
implemented in actual sense
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Vending machine is a machine that sells any kind of product. These days, it usually sells cigarettes,
foods, beverages, and toys. Vending machine sells can it’s products automatically without needing any
employee or security to operate the machine. Basically, how vending machine works is when somebody
insert enough money to the machine, then customer selects available product to buy, and after that the
machine will generate the product and the customer can take out the product and get their changes back
if there is any.

1.1 Background Information

Vending machines are generally all around us whether in private buildings or public places.
These machines comes up different contents such as snack foods and drinks in addition to ice
cream and hot cups of coffee can be found dispensed out of many of them. In a general term,
vending machines refers to machines that vendor specific thing. A person who is prepared to
purchase the goods inside the vending machine is required to make payments by inserting
coins or even by adding paper bills. However there are limits as to the value of money that can
be inserted inside.

In the earlier days, consumers were hesitant to purchase goods from vending machines as they
suppose these machines do not offer healthy or fresh things. Furthermore, consumers had
shown a desire to read nutritional value labels before to purchase. That is one of the reasons
why they never trusted the freshness of vending machine items.

With time, simple vending machines turn into fresh vending machines offering fresh and
healthy food stuff for consumers. fresh vending machine meets the consumer demand for
healthy and fresh easy access food options. This is the reason most of these fresh vending
machines are found at places such as gyms, schools, shopping places, colleges and offices.

1.2 History

The first documented vending machine dates from about 215 B.C. , when the mathematician Hero
invented a device that accepted bronze coins and dispensed holy water in the temples of Alexandria,
Egypt. In A.D. 1076, Chinese inventors developed a coin-operated pencil vendor. Coin-activated
tobacco boxes appeared in English taverns during the 1700s.

The United States government began granting patents for coin-operated vendors in 1896. However, it
was not until 1888 that vending became a viable market in the United States. In that year, the Adams

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Gum Company developed gum machines that were placed on elevated train platforms throughout New
York City. The machines dispensed a piece of tutti-frutti gum for a single penny.

In 1926, William Rowe invented a cigarette vending machine that started a trend toward higher priced
merchandise, including soft drink and nickel-candy machines that evolved throughout the late 1920s and
1930s. Coffee vendors were developed in 1946, and refrigerated sandwich vendors followed in 1950. In
1984, Automatic Products International, Ltd. (APi) introduced a vending machine that ground and
brewed fresh coffee beans.

Practically anything that can be vended, has been at one time or another. The first beverage vendor,
dated to 1890 in Paris, France, offered beer, wine, and liquor. Items that have been found in vending
machines include clothing, flowers, milk, cigars and cigarettes, postage stamps, condoms, cologne,
baseball cards, books, live bait for fishermen, comic books, cassettes and CDs, lottery tickets, and
cameras and film. Some modern vending machines dispense hot foods such as pizza, popcorn, and even
French fries.

Figure .1 Alexandria, Egypt. In A.D. 1076

1.3 The Future

In 2000, the Coca-Cola Company announced plans to invest more than $100 million in online "Dial-a-
Coke" vending technology from Atlanta's Marconi Online. For vending companies, the technology will
improve efficiency, data collection, and maintenance. Machines will employ remote diagnostics to alert
staff at headquarters when machines need refilling or servicing. Detailed stock status will be transmitted
to centralized locations so that route drivers and technicians will know exactly what products are needed
to re-stock their machines before they even begin their routes. Sophisticated data collection will provide
more immediate feedback on what products are selling and what items need to be replaced with more
popular merchandise. Machines will transmit real-time data on transactions, allowing companies tighter
control and more precise data on cash and stock accountability. For customers, the Dial-a-Coke
technology will allow cashless purchasing. Consumers will be able to use their cell phones to dial up a
particular vending machine to select and pay for soft drinks.

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Data can also be transmitted to the machines. Changing prices, for example, usually requires a
technician to physically visit a machine to make the changes by hand. Remote vending will allow
changes to be made remotely, permitting vendors the flexibility to accommodate conditions such as
promotional pricing or lowered prices during non-peak hours to increase overall sales volume. Cashless
systems will also reduce theft and vandalism in machines by reducing the amount of cash stored in a
vending machine at any given time. APi has already began production on a vending machine that will
accept credit or debit cards.

Chapter 2
Construction of coin based cola and soda vending machine
Vending machines are constructed primarily from four major raw materials: galvanized steel, Lexan or
other plastic, acrylic powder coatings, and polyurethane insulation.
The bulk of the machine is constructed from galvanized steel ranging from 10 gauge to 22 gauge in
thickness. The thicker gauges are used for the outside cabinet, external doors, and internal tank. Thinner
gauges are used for internal doors and plates, can stacks, and mechanisms such as coin validators and
product trays.
Lexan, a tough polycarbonate plastic, is used in the front panels of the vending machine. Sheets of
Lexan in vending machines usually range from 0.13 in (3.18 mm) to 0.25 in (6.35 mm) in thickness.
Lexan is very difficult to break, flame retardant, relatively easy to shape, and can be treated to restrict
UV rays, light, and heat transmission. Product logos, names, and illustrations are silk-screened on Lexan
sheets, which are installed in channels in the doors of the vending machines.
Acrylic powder coatings are coloured powders used to "paint" the surfaces of vending machines. The
powder is applied in a uniform layer and baked on during the manufacturing process. Acrylic coatings
withstand the rigors of weather and abuse better than paints that are applied wet. In addition, acrylic
powders more readily meet governmental environmental standards.
Polyurethane foam provides the insulation for the inside of the vending machine. The foam is blown
between the outer cabinet and internal tank of the machine, where it cures into a very tough, rigid
material. In addition to thermal insulation, the stiff foam adds structural stability to both the cabinet and
tank of the machine.
Some manufacturers, such as Dixie-Narcos, also make the complicated electronic devices used in
vending machines, while others purchase them pre-made and install them as part of the manufacturing
process. These components include bill and coin validators, computer control boards, refrigeration units,
and lighting.

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2.1. Design

The basic design of a vending machine begins with the cabinet, the steel outer shell that holds all
internal components and which determines the machine's overall size and shape. Inside the cabinet is a
steel inner lining called the tank. The tank and the cabinet fit closely together, leaving enough room in-
between for a layer of polyurethane foam insulation. In combination, the tank and the foam insulation
help keep internal temperatures stable and protect products against temperature extremes outside the
cabinet. Although all products and dispensing mechanisms are contained in the cabinet, in the strictest
sense, they are actually installed within the tank.
The outer surfaces of the cabinet are coated with an acrylic powder finish that is baked into place.
Powder coatings enable the machine to withstand extreme temperatures, salt or sand, abuse by
customers, and other conditions requiring high surface durability.
To store and dispense products, can feeder stack columns or feeder trays are installed inside the
machine. Each tray is equipped with a large rotating wire spiral that holds the products. Feeder trays
slide in and out of the machine for easy maintenance and restocking of merchandise. The feeder stacks
and trays also contain the motor controls that physically push the products forward until they are
released from the stack and fall to the access area. When a customer selects a product, a rotor turns and
advances a single item, dropping cans or bottles one at a time. In the same way, spirals on snack food
trays rotate and push products forward until they fall off the tray.
Some vending machines, especially cold drink vendors, have two doors. The internal door seals the
inside of the machine and provides additional insulation. The, outer door contains the electronic controls
that allow customers to purchase and receive goods. The outer door also includes signage and
illustrations, generally silk-screened onto a panel of Lexan that fits into the front panel of the door.
Lighting for the front panel is generally installed behind the Lexan panels. The outer door includes
heavy-duty hasps, locks, and hinges to deter theft and vandalism.
Electronic components, such as coin and bill validators, test coins and scan dollar bills that have been
inserted to ensure that the cash is genuine and in the proper amount. A panel of control buttons lets
customers make their selections. These buttons are connected to the motor controls of the feeder stacks
and trays, activating the rotors that release products to the bins. Change-makers hold quantities of coins
and release the correct change after a selection has been made. More recent machines may also include
card validators for accepting debit and credit cards, LCD panels with pricing details and machine status
information, and speech chips that give transaction details to customers by voice.
Design changes occur most frequently in the mechanisms for handling and dispensing the vast number
of different types of bottles, cans, boxes, bags, and other packages available on the market. When 20 oz
(592 ml) plastic soda bottles were first introduced to vending, they tended to jam in the machine.
Designers had to re-work the way those bottles were stored in the machine and delivered to the
customer. Constant changes in product packaging have ensured that designers must always look for
practical and more efficient ways to vend products.

2.2 Quality Control

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Finished machines are tested after assembly. Checks are made to ensure that all electronic components
function properly, that the can stacks are fitted correctly, and that cans are dispensed accurately and
safely. If problems are found, the machines are sent to stations capable of holding multiple units. A
rework technician makes the needed repairs, and the machine is tested again. If problems remain, the
unit is rejected and flagged.

Additional tests include refrigeration pull-down testing, in which the interior temperature of the unit is
"pulled down" to 30-31°F (−1-−0.5°C). This test ensures that the machine controls and temperature
controls are working properly.

Tested units are given a final visual check, then cleaned and wrapped in clear plastic shrink-wrap.
Finished vending machines are transported by conveyor to the warehouse where they are packed and
readied for shipping to customers.

2.3. Electronics Components

2.3.1 Coin Acceptor – DG600

Figure 2.-DG600F (Coin acceptor)

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DG600F Series of coin acceptor is a electronic coin acceptor with high reliability, Which is widely used
in amusement facilities, vending machines and so on.

a. Main Features ：

 Enable to recognize 6 groups of coins in different denomination. (can

exceed to 8 groups if need)1
 Enable to forbid accepting all coins
 Industrial standard connector ---10Pin Parallel port
 Special connector ---5Pin Serial port
 Enable to release coins in jam
 Enable to self-diagnose

b. Specification ：

 Coin Size :
Diameter： 17 – 30.5mm
Thickness： 1.25 – 3.2mm

 Working Environment ：
Working Temperature： 0°C to 50°C
Storage Temperature： -30°C to55°C
Ambient Humidity： Up to 95% RH non-condensing
Working Voltage： Normal 12VDC

2.3.2. Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232

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Figure 2. Development Board: 89V51RD2 Flasher Board – Interface – RS232

A general purpose 40 pin 8051 development board with on board power supply circuit, RS232 port for
serial interface with computer and other serial devices, reset switch, power status LED and a general-
purpose switch and LED. The board is compatible with the AT89S51/52 and the P89V51RD2
microcontrollers. The P89V51RD2 allows serial programming and can be programmed directly with this
board through a serial connection to a PC without the need for an additional external programmer.

Main Features:

 Onboard MAX232 interface circuit for easy communication with a computer and
other serial devices

 DC plug-in jack for power input

 Onboard bridge rectifier enables the board to accept both AC and DC input
voltages

 Onboard 5V regulator(LM7805) with filtering capacitors and heatsink

 Power Status LED(Green) and a general-purpose user LED(Red)

 Onboard quartz crystal 11.0592 MHz oscillator circuit

 Port extensions for all ports

 External pull-up resistors for Port 0

 Vin, 5V and Gnd bus provided

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2.3.3 Microcontroller

Figure 2. Nuvoton W78E052DDG microcontroller

The W78E052D series is an 8-bit microcontroller which can accommodate a wider

frequency range with low power consumption. The instruction set for the W78E054D/
W78E052D/ W78E051D series is fully compatible with the standard 8052. The
W78E052D series contains 16K/8K/4K bytes Flash EPROM programmable by hardware
writer; a 256 bytes RAM; four 8-bit bi-directional (P0, P1, P2, P3) and bit-addressable I/O
ports; an additional 4-bit I/O port P4; three 16-bit timer/counters; a hardware watchdog
timer and a serial port. These peripherals are supported by 8 sources 4-level interrupt
capability. To facilitate programming and verification, the Flash EPROM inside the
W78E052D series allows the program memory to be programmed and read electronically.
Once the code is confirmed, the user can protect the code for security. The W78E052D
series microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power-down mode,
both of which are software selectable. The idle mode turns off the processor clock but
allows for continued peripheral operation. The power-down mode stops the crystal
oscillator for minimum power consumption. The external clock can be stopped at any time
and in any state without affecting the processor. The W78E052D series contains In System
Programmable (ISP) 2KB LDROM for loader program, operating voltage from 3.3V to
5.5V.
Main Features:

 Fully static design 8-bit CMOS microcontroller

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 Optional 12T or 6T mode „ 12T Mode, 12 clocks per machine cycle operation
(default), Speed up to 40 MHz/5V „ 6T Mode, 6 clocks per machine cycle
operation set by the writer, Speed up to 20 MHz/5V
 Wide supply voltage of 2.4V to 5.5V
 Temperature grade is (-40o C~85o C)
 Pin and Instruction-sets compatible with MCS-51
 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM
 16K/8K/4K bytes electrically erasable/programmable Flash EPROM
 2K bytes LDROM support ISP function (Reference Application Note)
 64KB program memory address space
 64KB data memory address space
 Four 8-bit bi-directional ports
 8-sources, 4-level interrupt capability
 One extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port, additional INT2 /INT3 (available on
PQFP,PLCC and LQFP package)
 Three 16-bit timer/counters
 One full duplex serial port
 Watchdog Timer
 EMI reduction mode
 Software Reset
 Built-in power management with idle mode and power down mode
 Code protection
 Packages: DIP40, PLCC44, PQFP44, LQFP48

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2.3.4. L293D

Figure 2. L293D microcontroller

The L293 and L293D devices are quadruple high- current half-H drivers. The L293 is designed to
provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1 A at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. The L293D is designed
to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. Both devices are
designed to drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, DC and bipolar stepping motors, as well as
other high-current/high-voltage loads in positive supply applications. Each output is a complete totem-
pole drive circuit, with a Darlington transistor sink and a pseudo Darlington source. Drivers are enabled
in pairs, with drivers 1 and 2 enabled by 1,2EN and drivers 3 and 4 enabled by 3,4EN. The L293 and
L293D are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C.

Main Features:

• Wide Supply-Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 36 V

• Separate Input-Logic Supply
• Internal ESD Protection
• High-Noise-Immunity Inputs
• Output Current 1 A Per Channel (600 mA for L293D)
• Peak Output Current 2 A Per Channel (1.2 A for L293D)
• Output Clamp Diodes for Inductive Transient Suppression (L293D)

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2.3.5. 12V 1.2AH Rechargeable Battery

Figure 2. 12V DC Battery and Charger

 Battery Type - 12 volt 12 amps 20 hour sealed lead acid battery with f2 style terminals

 Rugged Construction - The high impact resistant battery case is made up of a nonconductive abs
plastic. This material has a strong resistance to shock, vibration, chemicals and heat.

 AGM Tech - The acid inside is absorbed between the plates and thereby immobilized
by a very fine fiberglass mat. This along with the valve regulated, spill-proof design of our
batteries allows trouble-free, safe operation in any orientation.

 User Friendly - Easy, one-time installation of our maintenance free and valve regulated batteries
will get your system or application running in no time at all

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2.4. Programming Tools
2.4.1 KeilMDK

Figure 2. Software – Keil (logo)

Keil® MDK is the most comprehensive software development solution for ARM ®-
based microcontrollers and includes all components that you need to create, build, and
debug embedded applications.

Software Packs add device support and software components that you can use as
building blocks for your application.

Main Features:

 Out-of-the box support for over 1000 ARM® processor based microcontroller
 Software Packs with ready-to-use CMSIS and middleware components
 Numerous example projects and templates
 Powerful µVision™ IDE, debugger and simulation environment
 On-the-fly application analysis records full instruction trace with the ULINKpro™
Debug Adapter
 Complete Code Coverage information about your program’s execution.
 Execution Profiler and Performance Analyzer for analysing and optimizing your code.
 CMSIS RTOS RTX real-time operating system with full debugger support.
 Complete and comprehensive middleware including TCP/ IP Networking, File Systems
and USB.
 Industry-leading ARM C/C++ Compiler with advanced processor-specific
optimizations and MicroLib.
 Editor with Code Completion and Dynamic Syntax Checking

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2.4.2 Nuvoton ISP Programmer

Figure 2. Nuvoton ISP Programmer

Nuvoton’s Nu-Link Debug Adapter is an USB debugger and programmer based on

the SWD (Serial Wire Debug) signal interface and can be applied to the development of
NuvotonNuMicro™ Family chips. As shown in Table 2-1, there are three types of the NuLink Debug
Adapter in accordance with different specifications, including Nu-Link-Pro,
Nu-Link, and Nu-Link-Me. The three types are called “Nu-Link Adapter” in general if no
specific conditions are mentioned. The Nu-Link Adapter supports ICP (In-Circuit
Programming) based on the SWD (Serial Wire Debug) signal interface. The user can
employ the NuMicro™ ICP Programming Tool to update chip firmware for mass
production. The Nu-Link Adapter also supports the third-party development tools, such as
Keil RVMDK, IAR EWARM, and CooCoxCoIDE.

2.5. Mechanical System

2.5.1. Materials Used
The materials used in the construction of the product are Stainless Steel Sheet Metal
and Cast Iron. For the container that holds the dispenser and electronic circuit the sheet
metal is cut and welded at the edges. The coin acceptor is bolted to the front side of the
container. At its back, a door is hinged for accessing the dispenser.

2.5.2. The Manufacturing Process

The most popular type of vendor in the United States is the cold canned soft drink machine, which vends
the traditional 12 oz (355 ml) aluminium can of sodas and soft drinks. The manufacture of a cold can
drink vending machine is often accomplished on several automated, concurrently running assembly lines
that make all the components simultaneously. Manufacturing processes for vending machines can be as
varied as the products dispensed in them.

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1. The cabinet is made from a roll or coil of galvanized steel. At the start of the assembly line, the
raw steel passes through automated presses that flatten it and cut it into sheets. Cabinets are
frequently made of two or more separate pieces.

2. Other presses then punch and notch the sheets. The punching process creates holes in the cabinet
for bolts and fasteners, openings for electrical cords, slits for vents, and other necessary
openings. Corners and edges of the sheets of steel are notched where necessary to accommodate
the fitting of components onto the finished cabinet.

3. Sheets of steel automatically enter and exit heavy-duty air and hydraulic presses. Each press
exerts 200-400 tons of force or more. The steel sheets lie flat as the presses crimp the edges,
create bends in the metal, and form the steel into the cabinet's basic shape.

4. The seams are secured using resistance welding, also known as spot welding, a process that uses
a high-voltage charge through two contacts that melts metal surfaces together.

5. Finally, the cabinet is unloaded from the line and taken to the finishing area to undergo powder
finishing and await installation of the tank.

6. While the cabinet is being made, another line forms the tank. The tank is created by a process
similar to that used to make the cabinet. Galvanized steel is cut from rolls of raw material and
enters the automated line. Openings for bolts, feeder stacks, motors, and other mechanisms are
punched in the sheets, and the corners are notched so that the tank will fit inside the cabinet more
easily and securely once it is welded.

7. Presses provide any necessary forming and bending, and separate pieces are welded together to
create a whole unit.

8. The tank is then taken to the finishing area, where it is fitted to the correct cabinet.

9. Before powder finishing, the cabinet undergoes an eight-stage pre-treatment. First, the cabinet is
attached to an overhead conveyor that runs the cabinet 210 ft (64 m) through the pre-treatment
system. Nozzles mounted on both sides of the conveyor thoroughly spray the cabinet at each
stage, beginning with an alkaline wash to remove heavy surface soil.

10. A second alkaline bath cleans the surface even further.

11. The cabinet is then rinsed, coated with zinc phosphate, and rinsed again.

12. Chromic acid, a sealer, is then applied and the surface is rinsed once more.

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13. Finally, the entire surface is thoroughly rinsed with deionized (DI) water. Units then go into the
drying oven for approximately 30 minutes to an hour at temperatures ranging from 350°F to
400°F 

Figure 2. final product

A typical vending machine being stocked.

(177°C to 204°C) to ensure that no moisture is left on the surface.

14. Upon leaving the drying ovens, the cabinet remains on the overhead conveyor system where it
begins the powder finishing process. This process "paints" the cabinet in various colours by
applying a coating of acrylic powder to the surfaces of the cabinet and baking it into place.
Cabinets, tanks, internal mechanisms, and other parts may all be powder finished during the
manufacture of a cold can soda vending machine.

15. Cabinets travel along the convey into environmentally controlled powder booths. The booths are
constructed of polypropylene, which is believed to attract less excess powder, improving spray
efficiency and reducing the need for clean-up. Each booth applies a single colour with an array
of 18 to 22 spray guns, all of which are designed to move in order to provide better coverage,
reach into cavities, and track along with the cabinet. The guns apply an acrylic powder in a
uniform 0.0015-0.002 in (1.5-2 mm) thick layer on the cabinet. The positively charged powder
adheres easily to the grounded cabinet surface. Over sprayed powder is collected, mixed with
virgin powder, and resprayed, resulting in very little waste of coating material. As much as 95%
of over sprayed powder can be recovered.

16. When the powder application is finished, coated cabinets exit the booth and go into the cure oven
for 20-30 minutes at 370°F (188°C). The powder finish is permanently baked on.

17. Finished cabinets and tanks are then united for the process of foaming, the application of
polyurethane foam insulation to the interior of the machine. The tank is fitted into the cabinet,
and both are pre-heated to approximately 120-150°F (49-66°C) while awaiting foaming. When

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the correct temperature is reached, high-pressure foaming fixtures blow the insulation between
the cabinet and the tank using carefully metered shots of material. The foam solidifies, providing
not only effective insulation but also a degree of additional structural stability to the cabinet and
tank.

At one time, the resin additives used to create the structure of foam insulation, called blowing
agents, contained large amounts of CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons. However, environmental
concerns over the use of CFCs led to the use of alternative blowing agents, including halocarbon
(HCFC) substitutes and water.

18. When foaming is completed, refrigeration units are installed in the bottom of the cabinet. These
units are often acquired pre-manufactured and are slid into place, bolted securely, and wired into
the cabinet by a single operator on the assembly line.

19. Can feeder stack columns are installed inside the cabinet. These columns are manufactured and
finished using steel forming, punching, notching, and welding processes similar to those used to
make the cabinet and tank. The process is monitored carefully to make sure the correct size stack
is matched to the proper unit.

20. In the final stage of manufacturing, doors are installed on the cabinets. The exterior door units
hold most of the highly sophisticated electronics of the cold drink vending machine, including
coin and bill validators, selection buttons, control panels, change tubes, signs, and lighting.
Interior doors act as additional seals for the inside of the machine. The majority of doors on can
vending machines do not have clear windows for displaying products. Instead, the door fronts
often contain artwork, logos, and graphics that advertise the machine's contents. However,
machines that vend bottles, candy, and snacks often have clear windows made of Lexan or some
other tough, break-resistant material.

21. The basic door shell is created and finished in much the same way as cabinets and tanks, with
additional punching necessary to accommodate the controls on exterior doors. Components of
doors are often assembled as completely as possible in one area rather than on an assembly line.
It is essential that the correct door is fitted to the correct cabinet, so door assembly is centralized
in order to reduce the possibility of errors in matching doors with units. During manufacture,
doors are placed on revolving, indexable carousels that allow operators to turn and move them.

22. All assembly items are placed on the door while it is in this carousel. Operators fit the coin and
bill validators, card acceptors, selection buttons, LCD displays, and other external controls in the
appropriate spots and attach them with bolts or screws. Selection buttons are wired to the motors
of the proper can stacks. Front panels of silk-screened Lexan are installed in channels on the
doors. Lighting fixtures are bolted in place and wired into the power supply. Finished doors are

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carried to the cabinets and automatically attached. The completed can soda vending machine is
then ready for quality checking and testing.

2.6. Schematic representation

Figure 2 schematic diagrams

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Chapter 3
Working Principle and Characteristics of Cola and Soda
Vending machines

3.1 Working Principle

Cola vending machines have long been used for electronically powered vending purposes in malls,
theatres. These machines make use of electronic circuitry to deliver products on accepting payments
from the consumer. For this purpose they have inbuilt circuitry with motors and a sensor based circuitry.
Let’s us study the working and fabrication of a cola vending machine using this demonstration system of
a small vending machine. The project makes use of a custom fabricated frame using a vending setup
fitted with motors and authentication system. The authentication system consists of a coin based
authenticator. It detects the coin inserted by user and verifies if it is a valid coin. In case of valid coin
detection a signal is sent to the internal circuitry which also consists of a microcontroller. The
microcontroller now operates the motors to dispense a cola bottle in case of a valid coin else reject the
coin if found invalid. The motors are fixed in a cabin and are fixed with a outlet shaft which releases a
cola can in case the motor is operated. Thus we study the working and fabrication of a cola &soda
vending machine using this mechanism.

3.2 Characteristics

Affected by new retail, in recent years the domestic vending machines are also beginning to use
technology to authors efficiency. The traditional mechanical vending machine price in 2 - generally
50000 yuan, the new technology to join now, price can be reduced to thousands of yuan, which provides
conditions for the spread of vending machine. Orange juice machine, automatic coffee machine,
automatic ice cream machine, automatic lunch all sorts of new form of intelligent vending machine is
fast into the mall, convenience stores, community and other public areas. Vending machines are now
smartphones, support intelligent temperature control, automatic heating cooling, especially using
sigmoidal aisle stacking, drinks vending

machine, refrigeration insulation performance is good, open refrigeration is 3 - a day on average 4

KWH. Intelligent automatic vending machine is also support wireless remote management backstage,
can at any time to check each point the vending machine detailed operational data, how many goods

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sold, how much inventory, how much is the cash or WeChat, pay treasure to be clear at a glance, you
can also change the price to upload activity is very convenient, can also according to the data analysis of
reasonable arrangement of various goods supply, realizing the maximization of profits. With such
intelligent background, an operating member can also operates 10 sets ( Point) Above, the vending
machine allocation to each point on the machine of artificial cost is very low. Vending machines to do
well in our business, where is the difficulty: different subdivision category of vending machines, the
difficulties in nature have distinction. In the new product category, for example, fresh fruit juices, lunch
need to upstream strictly selected ingredients, improve the cold chain distribution system, these factors

when the ground is never easy, is likely to be divided into key players level. In addition, vending
machines and health, intelligence level, it is worth players. The former do not let the consumer to
establish the trust in unmanned vending machine, the latter do bad experience can be very difficult for
consumers ascension of added value. Overall, we think in the vending machine business, there are
considerable domestic market space. If friends treasure a brand is 60000 units of the dimension outshine
others, more category of vending machines in many scenarios it is possible to flourish. The vending
machine of media attributes: the vending machine is a portable brand show, intelligent big screen for
brand promotion, appearance can be customized. Vending machine itself is distributed in the stream of
area, is a natural advertising resources, display the value of offline advertising will further mining flow,
can promote, can also be merchants, media business expand the space is larger.

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Chapter 4
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cola and Soda Vending
machines
4.1. Advantages

 Greater Distribution: Manufacturers and companies alike benefit by utilizing

Vending Machines as an efficient distribution channel for their products by
appropriately locating them in spaces liable to see high footfall from the target
customer
 Low Cost: At a fraction of the cost incurred, these machines provide companies with
the chance to penetrate new markets without the hassle of hiring too much labor.
These machines bring the company one step closer to the eventual consumer;
thereby, serving an intermediary role
 Enhanced Visibility: Companies willing to sell their products through Vending
Machines stand to gain from increased visibility in an already cluttered market.
Hence, the machines not only serve as a distribution unit but also serve as a display
unit; creating enhanced visibility and brand recognition
 Effective Advertisement Platform: In addition to just merely offering products for
sale, the machines also serve as an effective advertisement vehicle; thereby, aiding
companies to establish a more holistic interface with the consumers and ensure
higher brand recall in the long run
 24 hour Service: Bereft of any human intervention whilst selling, the machines
negate the adverse implications of low productivity as a consequence of employee
leave, holiday or strikes. These machines function 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
serving customers
 Guaranteed Quality: Vending Machines store quality products in a quality, safe,
secure and hygienic environment. This also reduces the chances of adulteration and
duplication that can hurt the prospects and credibility of the company perse.
 Diversity of products: which a vending machine can handle, The wide range of products can be
sold using the machine as the fruits, the beverages, the drinks, and the cigarettes among the other
products.

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 Vending machines have the mobility: They can be moved to the new places & they will
continue delivering the services as usual, There is no cashier, They give the clients the free
choice to purchase the products at any time of the day, You can shop for your intended product
on a 24 hour, throughout the year.
 Very easy to manage: as nobody has to be there to sell any goods, You need only the machine’s
installation and you can simply monitor its progress from afar, There are not any payment
problems as the instant cash/card payment is needed to buy the items.
 Save the time: No precious time will be wasted preparing the hot drink, as the vending machine
can dispense a drink in around 20 seconds, saving the loads of time, With the vending machines,
The employees will not need to leave the work site to get the food, meaning they are less likely
to take a longer lunch.

4.2. Disadvantages

Vending machines have many disadvantages for both the owner and the customers,

 They give no provision for the bargaining, So, fixed prices apply and this may be unfriendly
both to the customer and the owner.
 Fraud cases are common in this kind of business by the customers who formulate means of
hacking into the system of the machine to dispense the products, The heavy taxation levied on
the sites of location may be the discouragement for this capital intensive investment.

 There are great losses to the investor who faces the cases of destruction of the machine or the
faulty programming such as the continuous dispensing of product due to the technical errors.

 Vending machines are used to be displayed in the public places and they can suffer vandalism
by the unruly groups or the jealous competitors, You must consider where you are going to start
the vending business because some of the town taxes you should pay are expensive and some
authorization such as the location permission are very difficult to get.

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Reference

1. Real Time Embedded Based coin based coal and soda vending machine Vending Machine 1,
Sasikala, G., 2 Kuldipsing Rajput, 3 Sarfaraj Hussain and 4 Aastha Shrivastava Asian Journal of
Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 12, Pp.804-809, December,2014.
2. Designing And Implementation Vending Machine (Indrajeet Deshmukh,Shubham
Angre,Digvijay Kakde,Roshanrahane) Guided By - Prof. Dabhade Sir. Vol-2 Issue-3 2016
Ijariie-Issn(O)-2395-4396
3. http://inventors.about.com/od/uvstartinventions/a/vending.htm
http://www.freshvending.com/
4. http://vendingfresh.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/background-and-evolution-of-vending-
machine/ http://royalvendors.com/about-us/
5. http://www.iaei.org/blogpost/890108/178044/Vending-Machines
6. Daniel Llamocca. “VHDL Coding for FPGAs”.
http://www.secs.oakland.edu/~llamocca/VHDLforFPGAs.html
7. Chu, Pong P. "FPGA PROTOTYPING BY VHDL EXAMPLES." (n.d.): n. pag. Ebooksclub .
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., 2008. Web. 27 Nov 2017
8. “Reference Manual,” Nexys 4 DDR Resource Center,23 Nov - 2017. [Online]. Available at:
https://reference.digilentinc.com/reference/programmablelogic/nexys-4-ddr/start?redirect=1
9. Abel Meketa , Adama Science and Technology University.

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