ASIGNACIÓN 3 – LIN 200 -LEN 323

EN ROJO SE ENCUENTRAN LAS RESPUESTAS A LA ASIGNACIÓN. EN

AZUL LAS EXPLICACIONES CORRESPONDIENTES.

Simple Past Tense/ The Development of Computers

El pasado simple se usa para hablar o describir eventos que sucedieron en un periodo de tiempo
en el pasado o para indicar acciones habituales o repetidas que sucedieron en el pasado. Se
establece cuándo sucedió usando un adverbio de tiempo: yesterday, five days ago, last year, in
2007, etc.

Por ejemplo:
-Albert Einstein laid the foundation for the invention of the laser in 1916
Albert Einstein estableció la base para la invención del láser en 1916

-Philip’s researchers started experiments with “audio-only” optical discs 38 years ago.
Los investigadores de Philip iniciaron experimentos con discos ópticos de sólo audio hace 38
años.

-When I was a child I usually arrived to school early.

Cuando era muchacho usualmente llegaba a clases temprano

-I finished work, walked home, and watched a nice film on TV.

Terminé de trabajar, caminé a casa y miré una bonita película en la televisión

TIEMPO PASADO

“BE” TODOS LOS DEMÁS VERBOS

(WAS, WERE) VERBOS REGULARES VERBOS IRREGULARES
“ED” (VER TABLA)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN

HIT HIT HIT
COME CAME COME

SPEAK: (s.p. SPOKE/p.p. SPOKEN) HABLAR

WORK: TRABAJAR

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 Verb To Be – Simple Past

The LEO I1 was the first computer used for commercial business applications
LEO I fue la primera computadora usada para aplicaciones comerciales de negocios

The operating system was created by companies that manufactured a processor and motherboard.
El sistema operativo fue creado por empresas que fabricaban un procesador y tarjeta madre.

El verbo To Be, siendo el verbo más irregular en inglés forma sus estructuras negativa e
interrogativa de forma directa, según puede observar en la tabla a continuación:

Am, is: was

Are: were

To Be (Simple Past)
Affirmative Form Negative Form Interrogative Form
+ - ?
I was- yo era, yo estaba I was not - I wasn't. Was I?
You were You were not - You weren’t Were you?.. Yes, I was.. No, I wasn´t
He was He wasn't. Was he?
She was She wasn't. Was she?
It was It wasn't. Was it?
We were We weren't. Were we?
You were You weren't. Were you?
They were They weren't. Were they?

ACTIVITY 19: Change the following sentences into past tense

1. The CRT monitor is one of the most common computer monitors.

The CRT monitor was one of the most common computer monitors.
2. Chips are slices of a substance called silicon.
Chips were slices of a substance called silicon.
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LEO: Lyons Electronic Office 1

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3. These computers are smaller than the first computers.
These computers were smaller than the first computers.
4. Compact discs are successful at the market.
Compact discs were successful at the market.
5. The name of these computers is first generation computers.
The name of these computers was first generation computers.

EL VERBO “BE” EN PRESENTE TOMA LAS FORMAS “AM, IS, ARE”.

EN PASADO “AM, IS” SE CAMBIA A “WAS” Y “ARE” SE CAMBIA A “WERE”

ACTIVITY 20: Change the expressions (1 & 2) in activity 19 into interrogative and
negative sentences in past tense.

1. Was the CRT monitor one of the most common computer monitors?
The CRT monitor wasn´t one of the most common computer monitors.
2. Were chips slices of a substance called silicon?
Chips weren´t slices of a substance called silicon.

LAS ORACIONES CON VERBO “BE” EN PASADO –WAS, WERE-

CAMBIAN A SU FORMA INTERROGATIVA LLEVANDO EL
VERBO DELANTE DEL SUJETO. PARA LAS ORACIONES
NEGATIVAS SE AÑADE “NOT”, QUEDANDO “WAS NOT”
“WERE NOT”, QUE EN SU FORMA CONTRACTADA SERÍA
“WASN´T” Y “WEREN´T”

PAST TENSE (OTHER VERBS)

Albert Einstein laid the foundation for the invention of the laser in 1916 - Albert Einstein estableció las bases para
la invención del láser en 1916

Albert Einstein didn’t lay the foundation for the invention of the chip. - Albert Einstein no estableció las bases
para la invención del chip.

Did Albert Einstein lay the foundation for the invention of the laser? - Albert Einstein estableció las bases para
la invención del láser?

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ACTIVITY 21: Complete the following table. Use the table included in Appendix I
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST PAST MEANING
PARTICIPLE
BE WAS, WERE BEEN SER, ESTAR
BECOME BECAME BECOME LLEGAR A SER
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN EMPEZAR
BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIR
CALL CALLED CALLED LLAMAR
COME CAME COME VENIR
DEVELOP DEVELOPED DEVELOPED DESARROLLAR
DO DID DONE HACER
DROP DROPPED DROPPED DEJAR CAER
GET GOT GOT, GOTTEN CONSEGUIR
HAVE HAD HAD TENER
INTRODUCE INTRODUCED INTRODUCED PRESENTAR
INVENT INVENTED INVENTED INVENTAR
MAKE MADE MADE HACER
MARKET MARKETED MARKETED COMERCIALIZAR
PRODUCE PRODUCED PRODUCED PRODUCIR
PROPOSE PROPOSED PROPOSED PROPONER
RECEIVE RECEIVED RECEIVED RECIBIR
STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ESTUDIAR
TAKE TOOK TAKEN TOMAR
USE USED USED USAR
WIN WON WON GANAR

Yes, he did - - Sí

LOS VERBOS REGULARES FORMAN EL PASADOY PARTICIPIO AÑADIENDO LA

TERMINACIÓN “ED”. ES DECIR, QUE TANTO EL PASADO COMO EL PARTICIPIO
TIENEN LA MISMA ESCRITURA.
EL ANEXO AL FINAL DEL TEXTO INCLUYE UNA LISTA DE VERBOS
IRREGULARES EN TIEMPO PASADO Y PARTICIPIO.

La tabla a continuación indica las formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa de un verbo en

tiempo pasado, incluyendo sus probables respuestas cortas.
To Work - Simple Past
Affirmative Form Negative Form Interrogative Form Short answer Short answer
+ - ? + -
I worked. I didn't work. Did I work? Yes, you did. No, you didn't.
You worked You didn’t work Did you work? Yes, I did No, I didn’t
He worked. He didn't work. Did he work? Yes, he did. No, he didn't.
She worked. She didn't work. Did she work? Yes, she did. No, she didn't.
It worked. It didn't work. Did it work? Yes, it did. No, it didn't.

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We worked. We didn't work. Did we work? Yes, you did. No, you didn't.
You worked. You didn't work. Did you work? Yes, we did. No, we didn't.
They worked. They didn't work. Did they work? Yes they did. No, they didn't.
I did not work

EN TIEMPO PASADO, EL VERBO MANTIENE LA MISMA FORMA CON TODAS LAS

PERSONAS, O SEA, NO TIENE CAMBIOS DE TERCERA PERSONA COMO EN EL
TIEMPO PRESENTE.
FORMA AFIRMATIVA: EL VERBO ESTÁ EN TIEMPO PASADO. PARA ELLO
IDENTIFICAMOS SI ES UN VERBO REGULAR O IRREGULAR.
FORMA NEGATIVA: PARA NEGAR SE UTILIZA EL AUXILIAR “DID NOT” QUE
CONTRACTADO QUEDA COMO “DIDN´T” Y A CONTINUACIÓN SE COLOCA EL
VERBO EN SU FORMA SIMPLE O INFINITIVO.
FORMA INTERROGATIVA: SE COLOCA “DID” DELANTE DEL SUJETO Y EL VERBO
A CONTINUACIÓN DEL SUJETO VA EN SU FORMA SIMPLE O INFINITIVO.
EN RESUMEN: LA FORMA DEL VERBO EN TIEMPO PASADO SÓLO SE UTILIZA EN
ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS.
PARA RESPUESTAS CORTAS SE UTILIZA “DID” EN RESPUESTA AFIRMATIVA, Y
“DIDN´T” EN RESPUESTA NEGATIVA.
------------ HASTA AQUÍ len 323------------

ACTIVITY 22: Look for the charts of irregular verbs in simple form, past tense and past
participle.

ACTIVITY 23: Complete the following tables:

Make - made – made in China

SIMPLE PAST : TO MAKE

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I made I didn´t make Did I make?

You made You didn´t make Did you make?

He made He didn´t make Did he make?

She made She didn´t make Did she make?

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It made It didn´t make Did it make?

We made We didn´t make Did we make?

You made You didn´t make Did you make?

They made They didn´t make Did they make?

Have – had - had
SIMPLE PAST : TO HAVE

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I had classes last week I didn´t have Did I have?

You had You didn´t have Did you have?

He had He didn´t have Did he have?

She had She didn´t have Did she have?

It had It didn´t have Did it have?

We had We didn´t have Did we have?

You had You didn´t have Did you have?

They had They didn´t have Did they have?

Do – did - done
SIMPLE PAST: TO DO

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I did I didn´t do Did I do?

You did You didn´t do Did you do?

He did He didn´t do Did he do?

She did She didn´t do Did she do?

It did It didn´t do Did it do?

We did We didn´t do Did we do?

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You did You didn´t do Did you do?

They did They didn´t do Did they do?

Study – studied - studied
SIMPLE PAST: TO STUDY

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I studied I didn´t study Did I study?

You studied You didn´t study Did you study?

He studied He didn´t study Did he study?

She studied She didn´t study Did she study?

It studied It didn´t study Did it study?

We studied We didn´t study Did we study?

You studied You didn´t study Did you study?

They studied They didn´t study Did they study?

Invent- invented - invented
SIMPLE PAST: TO INVENT

AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I invented I didn´t invent Did I invent?

You invented You didn´t invent Did you invent?

He invented He didn´t invent Did he invent?

She invented She didn´t invent Did she invent?

It invented It didn´t invent Did it invent?

We invented We didn´t invent Did we invent?

You invented You didn´t invent Did you invent?

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 They invented They didn´t invent Did they invent?

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS

ACTIVITY 24: Read the text and underline the verbs in past tense. (Pág. 30)

The first computers used thousands of separate electrical components connected together with
wires. In the late 1940’s, scientists built computers using vacuum tubes, resistors and diodes. The
name of these computers was first generation computers.

Las primeras computadoras usaron miles de componentes eléctricos separados conectados

entre sí con cables. A fines de la década de 1940, los científicos construyeron computadoras
usando tubos de vacío, resistencias y diodos. El nombre de estas computadoras fue
computadoras de primera generación.

In 1956, scientists invented the transistors. Transistors were made from materials called
semiconductors. The name of these computers was second generation computers. Second
generation computers were smaller than first generation computers. Second generation computers
also used less electrical power. Both first and second generation computers were very expensive.
En 1956, los científicos inventaron los transistores. Los transistores estaban hechos de
materiales llamados semiconductores. El nombre de estas computadoras fue computadoras de
segunda generación. Las computadoras de segunda generación fueron más pequeñas que las
computadoras de primera generación. Las computadoras de segunda generación también
usaban menos energía eléctrica. Las computadoras de primera y segunda generación eran muy
caras.

In the 1960’s, the third generation of computers began when integrated circuits took the place of
transistors. The integrated circuits had about 200 components on a single chip. Today we can

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produce more than 100,000 components on a single chip. A chip can be as small as 0.5 cm.
square. Because of their size, these computers became smaller and cheaper.

En la década de 1960, la tercera generación de computadoras comenzó cuando los circuitos

integrados tomaron el lugar de los transistores. Los circuitos integrados tenían alrededor de 200
componentes en un solo chip. Hoy en día podemos producir más de 100,000 componentes en
un solo chip. Un chip puede ser tan pequeño como 0,5 cm. cuadrados. Debido a su tamaño,
estas computadoras se volvieron más pequeñas y más baratas.

LOS VERBOS EN TIEMPO PASADO EN EL TEXTO EN INGLÉS SE ENCUENTRAN

SUBRAYADOS Y RESALTADOS EN COLOR ROJO. ADEMÁS, HAY FORMAS
RESALTADAS EN COLOR AZUL. ESTAS SON PARTICIPIOS Y SE TRADUCEN CON LA
TERMINACIÓN “ADO… IDO” DE LOS VERBOS… (INTEGRATED: INTEGRADO)

ACTIVITY 25: Translate the above text. (Pág. 30)

- Hasta aquí

ACTIVITY 26: Change the following sentences into past tense. (Pág. 30)

1. I study at the Polytechnics Faculty.

I studied at the Polytechnics Faculty.
.
2. Isabella answers the question.
Isabella answered the question.

3. Mary is always in her office.

Mary was always in her office.

4. Juan makes too many mistakes.

Juan made too many mistakes.

5. The data processing manager supervises the data processing department.

The data processing manager supervised the data processing department.

6. Juan develops programs for the systems designed by the analysts.

Juan developed programs for the systems designed by the analysts.

7. The programmer writes programs to carry out the systems.

The programmer wrote programs to carry out the systems.

8. Operations deal with the daily functions of the computer.

Operations dealt with the daily functions of the computer.

9. The job of the programmer is to first prepare a flowchart.

The job of the programmer was to first prepare a flowchart.

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10. System analysts are experts in hardware and software.
System analysts were experts in hardware and software.

EN ESTAS ORACIONES SE ENCUENTRAN VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES.

YA SABEMOS QUE LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES LOS ENCONTRAMOS EN LA TABLA
AL FINAL DE SU TEXTO. Y ENTRE LOS IRREGULARES TAMBIÉN TENEMOS “BE”
QUE EN PASADO PUEDE SER “WAS /WERE”

ACTIVITY 27: Complete the expressions in past tense using the verb in brackets. (Pág. 31)

1. Gould got his first minor patent in 1977. (get)

2. They made the first gas laser using helium and neon. (make)
3. Basov and Javen proposed the concept of the semiconductor laser. (propose)
4. The first application of lasers visible to the general population was the supermarket barcode
scanner, introduced in 1974. (be)
5. The price of a DVD player dropped below the U.S. $300 by 1999. (drop)
6. A large group of people working as a team invented the compact disc. (invent)
7. The Compact Disc reached the market in late 1982 in Asia. (reach)
8. The first DVD players and discs were available in Japan (be)

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ACTIVITY 28: Change to negative sentences

9. Sony marketed Mavica, the first filmless camera in 1991.

Sony didn´t market Mavica, the first filmless camera in 1991.
10. They won the patent for the single-chip microprocessor architecture.
They didn´t win the patent for the single-chip microprocessor architecture.
11. They invented a user-recordable CD for data storage, CD-R in 1992.
They didn´t invent a user-recordable CD for data storage, CD-R in 1992.
12. They introduced the term “laser” (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation".
They didn´t introduce the term “laser” (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation".
13. It was an important event.
It wasn´t an important event.

LAS FORMAS NEGATIVAS DE “BE” EN TIEMPO PASADO SON “WASN´T /WEREN´T”.

TODOS LOS DEMÁS VERBOS SE CONVIERTEN A SU FORMA NEGATIVA
AGREGANDO “DIDN´T” DELANTE DEL VERBO Y CAMBIANDO EL VERBO A SU
INFINITIVO O FORMA SIMPLE. SI AGREGA “DIDN´T” Y MANTIENE EL VERBO EN
PASADO… ESTÁ MAL.

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ACTIVITY 29: Change to interrogative sentences (Pág. 32)

14. The laserdisc player was the first successful consumer product that included a laser.
Was the laserdisc player the first successful consumer product that included a laser?
15. The CD-ROM made possible to disseminate massive amounts of computer data.
Did the CD-ROM make possible to disseminate massive amounts of computer data?
16. The CD and its later extensions were extremely successful
Were the CD and its later extensions extremely successful?
17. Scientists invented the transistors in 1956.
Did scientists invent the transistors in 1956?
18. The integrated circuits had about 200 components on a single chip.
Did the integrated circuits have about 200 components on a single chip?
19. They used the stones as an observatory.
Did they use the stones as an observatory?
20. Third generation computers became smaller and cheaper
Did third generation computers become smaller and cheaper?

LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA DE “BE” EN PASADO (WAS/WERE), SE FORMA

LLEVANDO EL VERBO ADELANTE, AL COMIENZO DE LA PREGUNTA. TODOS LOS
DEMÁS VERBOS LLEVAN “DID” DELANTE DEL SUJETO Y EL VERBO SE EXPRESA
EN INFINITIVO O FORMA SIMPLE.

TRADUCCIÓN ACTIVIDADES 27, 28 Y 29

1. Gould got his first minor patent in 1977.

Gould obtuvo su primera patente menor en 1977.
2. They made the first gas laser using helium and neon.
Ellos fabricaron el primer láser a gas usando helio y neón.
3. Basov and Javen proposed the concept of the semiconductor laser.
Basov y Javen propusieron el concepto del láser semiconductor.
4. The first application of lasers visible to the general population was the supermarket barcode
scanner, introduced in 1974.

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 La primera aplicación de rayos láser visible para la población en general fue el escáner de
códigos de barras de los supermercados, introducido en 1974.
5. The price of a DVD player dropped below the U.S. $300 by 1999.
El precio de un reproductor de DVD cayó por debajo de los 300 dólares en 1999.
6. A large group of people working as a team invented the compact disc.
Un grupo grande de personas trabajando en equipo inventó el disco compacto.
7. The Compact Disc reached the market in late 1982 in Asia.
El disco compacto llegó al mercado a fines de 1982 en Asia
8. The first DVD players and discs were available in Japan
Los primeros reproductores y discos de DVD estuvieron disponibles en Japón.

ACTIVITY 28:

9. Sony marketed Mavica, the first filmless camera in 1991.

Sony comercializó Mavica, la primera cámara sin película en 1991.
10. They won the patent for the single-chip microprocessor architecture.
Ellos ganaron la patente para la arquitectura de microprocesador de un solo chip.
11. They invented a user-recordable CD for data storage, CD-R in 1992.
Ellos inventaron un CD grabable por el usuario para almacenamiento de datos, CD-R en
1992.
12. They introduced the term “laser” (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation".
Ellos introdujeron el término "láser" (Amplificación de luz por emisión estimulada de
radiación ".
13. It was an important event.
Fue un evento importante.

ACTIVITY 29:

14. The laserdisc player was the first successful consumer product that included a laser.
El reproductor de discos láser fue el primer producto exitoso del consumidor que incluía un
láser.
15. The CD-ROM made possible to disseminate massive amounts of computer data.

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 El CD-ROM hizo posible difundir cantidades masivas de datos informáticos.
16. The CD and its later extensions were extremely successful.
El CD y sus extensiones posteriores fueron extremadamente exitosos.
17. Scientists invented the transistors in 1956.
Los científicos inventaron los transistores en 1956.
18. The integrated circuits had about 200 components on a single chip.
Los circuitos integrados tenían alrededor de 200 componentes en un solo chip.
19. They used the stones as an observatory.
Ellos usaron las piedras como un observatorio.
20. Third generation computers became smaller and cheaper
Las computadoras de tercera generación se hicieron más pequeñas y baratas.

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