PRESENT TENSE

IT IS AN ACTION THAT SHOWS A HABIT

RUN

I RUN

YOU RUN

HE, SHE , IT RUNS

WE RUN

THEY RUN

VERBS THAT END IN X, O, S. SH, CH, Z ES

FIXES GOES WASHES WATCHES KISSES BUZZES

VERBS THAT END IN “y” the y changes into i and add ES

STUDY STUDIES

CRY CRIES

TRY TRIES

HAVE

I WE YOU THEY HAVE HE, SHE, IT HAS

QUESTIONS OR NEGATIVE ANSWERS

DO DOES

(i, we, you they) (he, she, it)

PERSON + ACTION + COMPLEMENT

Do I WORK AT IGA? Yes, I do. No, I don´t.

Does HE PLAY FOOTBALL? Yes, he does. No, he doesn´t.

She dances at night.

Does she dance at night?

She doesn´t dance at night.

SHE HAS THREE CATS.

DOES SHE HAVE THREE CATS?

SHE DOESN´T HAVE THREE CATS.

PAST TENSE
IT´S AN ACTION IN THE PAST. AUXILIARY “DID”

REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS

ED - D

Worked

Stayed

Jumped

Danced

Visited

QUESTIONS

I WORK IN AN OFFICE. DO I WORK IN AN OFFICE?

I WORKED IN AN OFFICE. DID I WORK IN AN OFFICE?

I didn´t work in an office.

HE WORKED IN AN OFFICE. DID HE WORK IN AN OFFICE?

HE DIDN´T WORK IN AN OFFICE.

FUTURE TENSE
IT´S AN ACTION IN THE FUTURE.

THE AUXILIARY USED IN FUTURE TENSE IS “will”

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

I DANCE WELL. I DANCED WELL. I WILL DANCE WELL.

WILL I DANCE WELL?

I WILL NOT DANCE WELL. (won´t)

BE + GOING TO (future) + VERB

(AM, IS, ARE)

I AM GOING TO DANCE

YOU ARE GOING TO PLAY

HE IS GOING TO STUDY

SHE IS GOING TO LEARN

IT IS GOING TO EAT

WE ARE GOING TO DRINK

THEY ARE GOING TO WORK

SHORT ANSWERS

PRESENT

DO YOU WANT PIZZA? YES, I DO. NO, I DON´T

DOES SHE WANT PIZZA? YES, SHE DOES. NO, SHE DOESN´T

DID YOU UNDERSTAND? YES, I DID. NO, I DIDN´T

WILL YOU PRACTICE? YES, I WILL. NO, I WILL NOT (won´t)

ARE YOU GOING TO WORK? YES, I AM. NO, I AM NOT.

YOU ARE A DOCTOR. ARE YOU A DOCTOR? YES, I AM NO I AM NOT.

CAN
It is an auxiliary that shows MENTAL AND PHYSICAL ABILITY.

I PLAY THE PIANO. I CAN PLAY THE PIANO. CAN I PLAY THE PIANO ¿ I CAN´T PLAY THE PIANO.

I DANCE I CAN DANCE.

I SPEAK ITALIAN. I CAN SPEAK ITALIAN.

I CANNOT I CAN´T

MAY
It is an auxiliary that shows PERMISSION, POSSIBILITY OR PROBABILITY.

I MAY PLAY THE PIANO. MAY I PLAY THE PIANO? YES, YOU MAY. NO, YOU MAY NOT.

MAY I GO TO THE PARTY. YOU MAY NOT GO TO THE PARTY.

MIGHT
It is an auxililary that shows possibility or probability

I MIGHT GO TO THE PARTY. MIGHT I GO TO THE PARTY? YES, I MIGHT. NO , I MIGHT NOT.

OBLIGATION
HAVE TO EXPRESSION SOMETHING THAT YOU NEED TO DO.

SHOULD AUXILIARY A RECOMMENDATION *LIGHT*

OUGHT TO AUXILIARY MORAL OBLIGATION

MUST AUXILIARY STRONG OBLIGATION

I GO TO THE BANK.

I HAVE TO GO TO THE BANK. IT IS JUST AN ERRAND.

DO I HAVE TO GO TO THE BANK? YES, I HAVE TO. NO, I DON´T HAVE TO.

DID I HAVE TO GO TO THE BANK? YES, I HAD TO. NO, I DIDN´T HAVE TO.

WILL I HAVE TO GO TO THE BANK? YES, I WILL HAVE TO. NO, I WILL NOT HAVE TO.

WON´T

I SHOULD GO TO THE BANK. IT IS RECOMMENDED BECAUSE YOU ARE NEAR THE

BANK

SHOULD I GO TO THE BANK¿ YES, YOU SHOULD. NO, YOU SHOULDN´T / SHOULD
NOT

I OUGHT TO GO TO THE BANK. IT IS A MORAL OBLIGATION.

OUGHT TO YOU GO TO THE BANK? YES, YOU OUGHT TO. NO, YOU OUGHT NOT.

I MUST GO TO THE BANK. YOU DON´T HAVE OPTIONS.

MUST I GO TO THE BANK? YES, YOU MUST. NO YOU MUSTN´T / MUST NOT.
SHALL IS LIKE WILL BUT IT IS USED IN ENGLAND
future
IT IS USED WITH THE PERSON I AND WE. QUESTIONS

SHALL WE GO? YES, WE SHALL NO, WE SHALL NOT.

SHALL I GO? YES, I SHALLL NO, I SHALL NOT.

COULD
It is the PAST TENSE OF CAN.

I CAN GO TO THE PARTY. I COULD GO TO THE PARTY.

COULD YOU GO TO THE PARTY. YES, I COULD. NO, I COULDN´T

WOULD
It is an auxiliary that shows courtesy.

WOULD YOU LIKE TO DRINK COFFEE? YES, I WOULD. NO, I WOULDN´T

AUXILIARIES

DO – DOES – DID – CAN – COULD – WILL – SHALL – SHOULD – OUGHT TO – MUST – WOULD

EXPRESSIONS

BE- GOING TO HAVE TO /HAS TO (HE-SHE. IT)

SHALL SHOULD
CAN (PRESENT- FUTURE) COULD
WILL WOULD
MAY MIGHT

I COULD GO TO THE PARTY NEXT WEEK. (COND.)

I SHOULD GO TO THE DOCTOR. (COND.)
I WOULD WRITE THE NOTE. (COND.)
I MIGHT DO YOU THE FAVOR (COND.)

FOUR TYPES OF VERBS.

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST
PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE
DRINK DRANK DRINKING DRUNK
WORK WORKED WORKING WORKED
PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
TALK TALKED TALKED
WORK WORKED WORKED
WALK WALKED WALKED
VISIT VISITED VISITED

HAVE- HAS
PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
EAT ATE EATEN
THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN
SEE SAW SEEN
KEEP KEPT KEPT

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PAST PERFECT TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
PERSON + VERB + COMP.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

AUX. VERB
PERSON + HAVE/HAS + PAST PART. + COM.
HE HAS THOUGHT IN YOU.

HE HAS THOUGHT I N YOU.

HAS HE THOUGHT IN YOU? YES, HE HAS
NO, HE HASN´T
HE HASN´T THOUGHT IN YOU.

PAST PERFECT TENSE AUXILIARY HAD

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE AUXILIARY WILL HAVE
HE THOUGHT IN YOU
HE HAS THOUGHT IN YOU.
I WROTE THE LETTER.
I HAVE WRITTEN THE LETTER.

I have two dogs. I don´t have two dogs.

Cut cut cut

/et/
Sweep swept swept
/ot/
Bring brought brought
/i/ /a/ /u/
Drink drank drunk
/en/
Write wrote written
Speak spoke spoken
Wake woke woken
Awake awoke awoken
Bite bit bitten
Wear wore worn
Tear tore torn
Swear swore sworn
Know knew known
Draw drew drawn
See saw seen
Get got gotten
Forget forgot forgotten
Forbid forbade forbidden
Eat ate eaten
Hide hid hidden
Take took taken
Go went gone
Do done done

Make made made

Pay paid paid
Say said said
Lay laid laid
Tell told told
Have had had
Find found found
Understand understood understood
Stand stood stood

Spend spent spent

Lose lost lost
Mean meant meant
Sit sat sat
PRESENT
I PLAY WITH MY DAD SOCCER.

PAST
I PLAYED WITH MY DAD SOCCER YESTERDAY.

FUTURE
I WILL PLAY WITH MY DAD SOCCER.

PRESENT PERFECT
I HAVE PLAYED WITH MY DAD SOCCER.

PAST PERFECT
I HAD PLAYED WITH MY DAD SOCCER

FUTURE PERFECT
I WILL HAVE PLAYED WITH MY DAD SOCCER.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( perfect tenses) IF
CONDITIONAL 0
If I don´t eat, my stomach hurts. (present – present)
My stomach hurts if I don´t eat.

CONDITIONAL 1
If I don´t do the homework, I will not go to the party.
I will not go to the party if don´t do the homework.
(present – future)

CONDITIONAL 2 (UNREAL SITUATIONS)

( past – would + verb) Would = ía en todos los verbos
If I won the competition, I would sleep all day long.
If I played
If I danced
If I ate a chocolate cake, I would be happy.
If I drank
If I understood
If I hit
If I lost
If I spoke

CONDITIONAL 3

If I teach well, my student learns. (present – present)

If I don´t teach well, my student doesn´t learn.
If I teach well, my student will learn. (present-future)
(can – shall- may)
If I don´t teach well, my student won´t learn.
If I taught well, my student would learn (past- cond.)
(could –should- might)
If I didn´t teach well, my student wouldn´ t learn.

If I had taught well, my student would have learned

(past perfect – present perfect)(could-should-might)
If I hadn´t taught well, my student wouldn´t have
learned.
Get got got /gotten
 Had +pp (cause)
Si yo hubiera ido a mis clases de inglés ya hubiera
habría ganado el examen.
Would have- + pp (effect) go went gone

If I had gone to my English class, I would have passed

the exam.

He has passed the test.

If he had passed the test.

I would have a boyfriend.

I would have had a boyfriend
Habría tenido
Read read read

I read the book.

I read the book yesterday.
I have read the book yesterday.

DRINK DRANK DRUNK DRINKING

BE ( am, is, are) (condition)
I am
He, she, it is
We you they are

PRESENT PAST P.P P. P

AM WAS
IS WAS BEEN BEING
ARE WERE

I am a student Are you a student?

Yes, I am.
No, I am not
I will be a student. Will you be a student?
She is a doctor. Is she a doctor?
Yes, she is.
No , she is not.
She will be a doctor.Will she be a doctor?

We are the champions.

Are we the champions?
Yes, we are.
No, we are not.
We will be the champions.
Will we be the champions?
PRESENT PERFECT
I have been a student.
Have you been a student? Yes, I have
No, I haven´t
PAST PERFECT
I had been a student.
Had you been a student? Yes, I had
No, I hadn´t
FUTURE PERFECT
I will have been a student.
Will you have been a student?
Yes, I will have.
No, I won´t have.

I´M

YOU´RE

HE´S HE IS HE HAS

HE ´S A DOCTOR HE´S WRITTEN A LETTER.

HE´S WORKING HE´S WORKED

WOULD
I´D YOU´D HE´D SHE´D
I WOULD WORK I HAD WORKED
I´D WORK I´D WORKED

WILL
I´LL YOU´LL HE´LL SHE´LL

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE /CONTINUOUS

I WORK I AM WORKING
SUBJECT + BE + P. P. (ing) + compl
(am, is, are)
I AM WORKING HERE.

AM I WORKING HERE?
Yes, I am No, I am not.
PAST PROGRESSIVE/ CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT + BE + PP. (ing) + comp.

( was, were)
I WAS WORKING HERE.

Yo estaba hablando con Sofi cuando su mamá entró.

I was talking with Sofi when her mother came in.
(while)

FUTURE PROGRESSIVE/ CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT + WILL BE + PP. (ing) + comp.

I WILL BE WORKING HERE.

Will I be working here?
Yes, I will be No, I won´t be.
ACTIVE VOICE
SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
Jules Verne writes fairy tales.
Jules Verne wrote fairy tales.
Jules Verne will write fairy tales.
Jules Verne has written fairy tales.
Jules Verne had written fairy tales.
Jules Verne will have written fairy tales.
Jules Verne is writing fairy tales.
Jules Verne was writing fairy tales.
Junes Verne will be writing fairy tales.

PASSIVE VOICE BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

The fairy tales ARE written by Jules Verne (Present am, is are)
The fairy tales WERE written by Jules Verne (Past was, were)
The fairy tales WILL BE written by Jules Verne ( Future will be)
The fairy tales HAVE BEEN written by Jules Verne ( Present P. have/has been)
The fairy tales HAD BEEN written by Jules Verne ( Past Perfect had been)

The fairy tales WILL HAVE BEEN written by Jules Verne ( Future P will have been)
The fairy tales ARE BEING written by Jules Verne ( P.Progr. am, is, are + being)
The fairy tales WERE BEING written by Jules Verne ( Past Prog was, were + being)
The fairy tales WILL BE BEING written by Jules Verne ( Fut Prog will be being)
PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUN A noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing.
PRONOUN A pronouns susbstitute the nouns.
VERB it is an action.
ADJECTIVE It is a word that DESCRIBES a noun.
ADVERB
PREPOSITIONS It is a word that relates a word with another word.
CONJUNCTIONS
INTERJECTIONS it is a word that shows surprise or an emotion. Ouch! Ohh!

NOUNS proper and common nouns

Proper Nouns start with a capital letter and name a particular thing.

Common nouns start with lower case letter and name any thing.

PRONOUNS personal (subject) pronouns, object (pronouns) possessive pronouns

SUBJECT OBJECT

I Me

YOU You

HE Him

SHE Her

IT It

WE Us

YOU You

THEY Them

SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

 KARIM TEACHES SOFI

SHE TEACHES HER

MY FATHER WILL WORK WITH MY MOM AND SISTER.

HE WILL WORK WITH THEM

KARIM AND I PRACTICE ENGLISH.

WE PRACTICE IT

MY MOM AND DAD LOVE SOFI AND KAREN

THEY LOVE US

ADJECTIVE .: An adjective is a word that DESCRIBES a noun.

RED SHIRT CAMISA ROJA

SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT

THE BEAUTIFUL PEN BELONGS TO HER.

THE BIG DOG EATS THE FOOD.

THE UNCOMFORTABLE DESK DRIVES ME CRAZY.

THE FAMOUS RESTAURANT OPENS AT NIGHT.

MY ADORABLE LOVE WORKS EVERY DAY

MY GREAT PERSONALITY MAKES ME A WONDERFUL PERSON.

You are happy. You are a happy person.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES + NOUN

 I MY BIG HOUSE

You YOUR LONG BLOUSE

he HIS NEW CAR

She HER FANTASTIC PURSE

it ITS DEELICIOUS FOOD

We OUR INTRESTING CLASS

You YOUR AMAZING JOB

they THEIR GREAT MUSIC

Subject verb complement

My big house costs too much money

My big house is valuable.

He visited my big house.

A CONSONTANT A PERSON

AN VOWEL A, E, I, O , U) AN ANIMAL A= 1

ADJECTIVE NOUN KIND OF ADJECTIVE

THE /A / AN CONTROL DETERMINERS OR ARTICLES

THIS / THAT JACKET DEMONSTRATIVE (show distance)

(singular)
JACKETS
THESE/ THOSE
(Plural)

ITS FLOWER Possessive adjectives

THEIR SHOES Possessive adjectives

HER T-SHIRT Possessive adjectives

IT SINGULAR THEY PLURAL

ITS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE OF IT THE DOG EATS ITS FOOD.

I EAT MY FOOD.

HE EATS HIS FOOD.

SHE EATS HER FOOD.

IT´S CONTRACTION OF IT IS

Pronoun

SINGULAR PLURAL

I WE

YOU YOU

HE SHE IT THEY

HE + HE = THEY

SHE * SHE = THEY

IT + IT = THEY

PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions of place

IN ON AT UNDER BEHIND IN FRONT OF ABOVE OVER NEXT TO BETWEEN (among)

Underneath

beneath

IN INSIDE SOMETHING

ON ON THE SURFACE

AT IT IS NOT SPECIFIC IN THE HOUSE AT HOME

BEHIND IS THE OPPOSITE OF IN FRONT OF

ON ABOVE OVER

Surface no movement with movement

NEXT TO SYNONYM OF BESIDE

BETWEEN 2 THINGS

AMONG MORE THAN 3

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
IN MONTHS, YEARS in May in 2020

Time of the day in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening

ON DAYS OF THE WEEK AND EXACT DATES on Sunday on May 22nd

On Weekends

AT HOURS at 6:00 pm

Time of the day at night at noon at midnight at recess

Where is the book?

The book is on the table.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES preposition + object of the prep.

The book is on the table.

In, on, at, for, from,, between, by, behind, above, over, before, after, during, with, …………….

BY …….TRANSPORTATION

BY CAR, BY TRAIN, BY BOAT, BY SCOOTER, BY BICYCLE…………… ON FOOT

ADVERBS DESCRIBE VERBS, ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Adverbs answer the questions where? When? And How?

PLACE

I walked down hill.

My father works there

TIME

My sister cooked the dinner yesterday.

I talk to you later.

CONDITION

ADVERBS OF CONDITION ENDS WITH “ly”

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

BEAUTIFUL BEAUTIFULLY SOFI IS BEAUTIFUL.

SOFI PAINTS BEAUTIFULLY

WONDERFUL WONDERFULLY MY MOM IS WONDERFUL.

MY MOM SINGS WONDERFULLY.

SPECIAL SPECIALLY YOU ARE SPECIAL.

YOU ACT SPECIALLY .

IRREGULAR ADVERBS

Many much

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Good well

I speak good Englilsh

I speak English well.

Ugly uglily

Heavy heavily

Tasty tastily

ALL ACTION VERBS ARE DESCRIBED BY AN ADVERB

EXCEPTION.
CONDITION OR LINKING VERBS ARE DESCRIBED BY ADJECTIVES.
CONDITION VERBS OR LINKING VERBS
BE
BECOME
SEEM + ADJECTIVE (wonderful)
APPEAR
TURN
*GROW
*STAND
SENSORIAL VERBS
LOOK
SMELL
TASTE + GOOD
FEEL
SOUND
ADVERBS THAT DESCRIBE ADJECTIVES

Sofi is beautiful. Sofi is very beautiful.

ADJEVERS THAT DESCRIBE OTHER ADVERBS

Sofi paints beautifully. Sofi paints very beautifully.

EXAMPLES OF ADVERBS THAT MODIFY OTHER ADVERBS

Very, pretty, too, so, quite
I love you me too
I love you too
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
100% always I ________drink water.
90% usually
80% often
75% frequently
50% sometimes
30% eventually
25% ocassionally
15% Hardly ever
10% Seldom
5% Once in a while*
0% never
.