A Design of A Three Storey Apartelle Bui

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Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering and Design
Silliman University
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale
A combination of apartment and hotel is widely known for its dual purpose which is
for a short and long-term stay. In relation to this, tourists and would-be residents are
attracted to these kinds of establishments. In addition, these kinds of establishment are a
great way to earn money because it only needs a reasonable amount of capital and with
low maintenance cost. Therefore, there are many people who want to invest in this kind
of business.
The owner Mrs. Josephine C. Que, a businesswoman, wants to invest in this kind of
establishment. The owner chose Bais City as the location of the apartelle building due to
the rising tourism in Bais, as well as the rising number of people in Bais. Bais City, also
has only a few hotels and other accommodations that can house the growing populace.
The main reason for choosing the city of Bais as the location of the building is that the
owner, Mrs. Que, lives in Bais and can keep track of the newly established business
personally.
The location is in the middle of the city and is located near the market and the local
school making it an ideal location for students from farther away. It is also a gathering
spot for tourists wanting to experience the beauty of the Philippines in the face of the
white sand bar and the famous dolphin watching. These tourists can then thoroughly
PROJECT TITLE: A Design of a Three-Storey Apartelle Building in Bais City, Neg. Or.
PREPARED BY: Inoveno, Philip B.; Mariño,Lorena S.; Que, Jacqueline C.; Rendora, Angel May E. 1
ADVISER: Engr. Tessie A. Cabije, M.Eng. Ph. D
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enjoy the splendor of Bais by spending a night in the heart of the City eating fresh
seafood. With the increase in tourism, there is also an increase in industries such as fast
food joints and restaurants which give more jobs to the people and the neighboring
municipalities. The job opportunities not only come from these industries but also from
the sugar mills the city has. This city not only attracts tourists and job applicants but also
students because of the many colleges that reside in the area.
Considering these factors, a three-storey apartelle building was designed for Mrs.
Josephine C. Que in a 348.5 square meters in the heart of Bais City. This building is a
great use to people looking for a place to stay both long and short term.
The three-storey building has two types of rooms that cater both long-term and short-
term customers as well as a parking space for the convenience of its future residents.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The design of the three-storey apartelle building located at Bais City shall meet all the
requirements in the National Building Code and National Structural Code of the
Philippines and should answer the following questions:
1. What is the Architectural Design of the building?
2. What are the Loading Conditions?
a) Dead Load
b) Live Load
c) Wind Load
d) Seismic Load
3. What are the Structural Member Sections?
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a) Roof Deck
b) 3rd Floor Columns
c) 3rd Floor Slabs, Beams, Girders
d) 2nd Floor Columns
e) 2nd Floor Slabs, Beams, Girders
f) Ground Floor Columns
g) Footing
4. What is the Plumbing Design?
5. What is the estimated total cost of the project?
a) Direct Cost
i. Materials
ii. Equipment
iii. Labor Cost
b) Indirect Cost
i. Supervision
ii. Administrative
6. How long will the duration of the construction take?
7. Based on the result, what building plan will be developed?
1.3 Objectives
General Objective:
 The main objective of this study is to design a three-storey apartelle
building for Mrs. Josephine C. Que in Bais City
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In order to attain the main objective, the following should be done:
 To make a design that is convenient, aesthetically appealing, and
structurally sturdy, for the client and future occupant’s interest
 To calculate both direct and indirect cost estimates necessary for the
construction of the building
 To make a plumbing design for the building
 To make the schedule of the construction of the building
1.4 Significance of the study
The fulfillment of this three-storey apartelle building will benefit the owner, the
occupants, the community, the designer’s, and the researcher’s structure. The design was
made to provide safety and comfort to the following:
The Owner. The main purpose of having a building is to gain economically and to
have a return of the capital. The construction of the three-storey apartelle building
will make a great source of fast and reliable income to the owner. It will give the
owner a steady source of income for years to come and for the following generations.
The Occupants. Aside from giving the owner another source of income this building
will provide a warm, comfortable, and relaxing place to stay after an eventful day.
This building is made especially for tourists, students, families, and employees
looking for a place whether for a long-term or short-term stay.
The Community. This building will help in providing more ecommerce for the city
of Bais. Thus, it will create more jobs for the people as well as more space for people
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who are not originally from this city. This building will also help indirectly through
the tax it pays regularly.
The Designers. The project has put the designers directly into the field providing
valuable experience as well as help them establish a sense of professionalism by
designing a safe, efficient, and economical structure. The designers will carry this
professionalism and experience even after the end of this project.
The Future Researchers. This project could give the future researchers the ideas of
the design and analysis of a three-storey structure and on anything related to it.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The project will cover the structural design and analysis of the three-storey
apartelle building using both manual computation and a computer system such as
STAAD. This project will also cover the plumbing system, structural plan,
materials/technical specifications, cost estimates of labor and materials, and scheduling.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
The project is limited the design and analysis of a three-storey apartelle building
for Mrs. Josephine C. Que without considering the electrical design of this structure, soil
capacity, and the mechanical aspects of the building such as the fire extinguisher and
other machinery.
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1.7 Definition of Terms
Apartelle- a serviced apartment complex that uses a hotel-style booking system. It is
similar to renting an apartment, but with no fixed contracts and occupants can
"check-out" whenever they wish or a budget hotel
Beams - it is usually a long and sturdy piece of squared wood or metal that supports
a load usually a floor or roof
Columns - an upright pillar of support, usually made of stone, concrete, or steel
Live Load - refers to the temporary weight that the building may be burdened with
such as people, environmental aspects, and others
Dead Load - refers to the permanent components that the building needs in order to
function (e.g. beams, columns, fixed permanent equipment, flooring, and others)
Slabs- A large, thick, flat piece of stone or concrete, typically square or rectangular
in shape
STAAD - a software that helps with the structural analysis and design factor of a
project. Caters to projects that incorporates steel, timber, or concrete and needs
different kinds of analysis.
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CHAPTER II
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
An apartelle (a short-cut for apartment hotel) is a serviced apartment complex that
uses a hotel-style booking system. It is similar to renting an apartment, but with no fixed
contracts and occupants can "check-out" whenever they wish.
Apartelle means a building containing both apartments and individual guestrooms or
rental units, under resident supervision, and which maintains an inner lobby through
which all tenants must pass to gain access to apartments, rooms or units.
An apartelle complex usually offers a complete fully fitted apartment. These
complexes are usually custom built, and similar to a hotel complex containing a varied
amount of apartments The length of stay in an apartelle varies from a few days to months
or even years. The people who stay in apartment hotels use them as long-term
accommodation; therefore, the hotels are often fitted with most things the average home
would acquire.
Reservations
Reserving a stay in an apartment hotel differs slightly from booking a hotel room. A more
personal approach is needed, as guests staying for extended periods want to ensure that
the apartment is their preference (e.g. guests ask about view, floor plan, floor where the
apartment is located, etc.). Another reason a reservation agent is required to assist a guest
with booking an apartment hotel is due to simple business reasons. Unlike hotels, where
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all bookings are short stays and check in and check out dates are confirmed at the time
the reservation is made, apartment hotels often try to accommodate guests who don't
know their checkout date. Such stays include guests who wait for their home to be built
or renovated. For that reason it is difficult to list such apartment hotels on most common
booking websites. Specialized booking companies allow the apartment hotels to accept or
decline a request, rather than simply accepting a confirmed booking, and allow
communication of details of the stay with the guest before the reservation is confirmed.
Performance Characteristics of Residential Buildings
Beauty, utility, durability – these are the immanent features of good architecture and
should also be the distinguishing qualities of every residential building.
Beauty:
The architecture of a city is a continuously changing picture. New building
structures, usually residential, are continuously being created. Space alongside buildings
from the past is continuously being filled in with new ones. But the beauty of the city is
created by all of these structures, new buildings as well as those dating further back;
beauty lies in the original style of modern forms, but also in the sentimental relics of the
past.
The passing of time brings about new tasks – the preservation of beauty. Maintaining
residential buildings in an adequate technical condition is of utmost importance when
creating the image of a city, while their aesthetic state is a reflection of their technical
conditions. The renovation of buildings is inevitable. Aesthetic requirements combined
with requirements in terms of the technical state of the building necessitate many actions.
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The scope of works in residential buildings is always of an individual nature. It may rely
on the conservation of detail, or may involve the modernization of a tenement house:
“beautifying, improving appearance – thus something added to the initial form for the
sole purpose of decoration is commonly accepted”. The needs of our civilization’s
development often necessitate the modernization of historic building structures or their
adaptation to modern-day needs. (Bonenberg, W. et. Al, 2012)
Durability:
Time is continuously passing and along with it, aging intensifies. The aging
process is a natural phenomenon for every material. The life expectancy of building
materials is also limited.
Residential buildings are constructed with different building materials, which vary in
terms of quality. Along with the passing of time, they age, lose their performance
characteristics, and undergo natural wear and tear. Materials in the buildings are different
and characterized by various, each their own, defined life expectancy periods. The
processes of aging, wear and loss of performance characteristics do not take the same
course in each fragment of the building. The roof cover is not as durable as the structure
of the roof trusses. The life expectancy of a wooden roof truss structure is shorter than
that of load-bearing walls.( Królikowski, J. et. Al, 2011)
Usability:
Along with the passing of time, the technical state of residential buildings
continuously deteriorates. With the passing of time, the aesthetic values and preferences
of users of flats change and the usability of the building decreases.
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The modernization and adaptation of historical objects is the result of ever-changing
human needs. Adapting post-industrial objects in residential areas for modern-day uses
has become something of a trend. The beauty of a historical building, however, has made
it so that the changes carried out in the object are small. The novelties introduced are
essentially fitted into the existing architecture. The needs of our civilization’s
development continue to increase, and the performance requirements of buildings are,
therefore, becoming increasingly higher. Increasing performance requirements and the
coexisting problems of a deteriorating technical state pose a challenge when using
residential buildings. (Kadłuczka, A. et. Al, 2008)
AutoCAD 2015
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design and drafting software
application, developed and marketed by Autodesk. It was first released in December 1982
as a desktop application running in microcomputers with internal graphics
controllers.
AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries: by architects, project
managers, engineers, graphic designers, and many other professionals. AutoCAD was
used in the drafting of the building plans and putting into paper the architectural design
and details of the resort building. The program was used plainly for educational
purposes.
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Basis for Manual Computation
NSCP specifications are based on ACI Code 318-08 from the American Concrete
Institute made on 2008. All necessary equations that will be used for the project
design are stated in the Methodology, according to the order in which they were used.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 General Procedure:
The researchers obtain the necessary data needed to design a three-storey apartelle
building which conforms to the standard building specification to be certain that the
structure was safe and stable. The data obtained not only was used for the design process
but also in the development and fulfilment of this project study. The next thing the
researchers do was the architectural design which was then shown to the owner and was
either approved or rejected. As it was approved the structural analysis and design started.
The design process was divided into two parts, the STAAD design and manual design.
When both passed the researchers proceeded to the technical specifications for materials,
equipment, and labor. The last part, the researchers did the cost estimate and project
duration which was then shown to the client to inform them of the costs.
3.2 Specific Procedure:
The following points were the procedure done by the researchers to complete the
project study:
3.2.1 Gathering of Data
The project started with the client’s interview, Mrs. Josephine C. Que, where
necessary data on how the apartelle building will look like and what facilities the client
wanted included. The researchers also gathered the land title and the development plan of
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the site during this interview. The data acquired was used for the planning and
architectural design aspects of the building.
3.2.2 Architectural Design
The data obtained in the previous phase was then used for the next step namely
the planning and the architectural design of the apartelle building. The tentative designs
were submitted to the owner or the one in charge and to the client for further revisions
and developments and eventually for approval.
3.2.3 Structural Analysis and Design
After collecting the data needed, the researchers proceeded to the structural
design of the building which included the design of the beams, columns, girders, slabs,
trusses, roof beams, and footing.
3.2.4.1 STAAD.Pro. V8i Analysis
The designers used STAAD.Pro as the tool for computer-aided analysis of the
concrete structure (see Figure 3 – STAAD Sub Process Flow Chart). In STAAD.Pro. V8i,
the concrete structure type was first selected and inputted into the software. After, design
nodes or intersections between columns and beams were assigned. Then, beams and
columns were then inputted with all its sections defined. Types of supports, necessary
loadings and other load parameters were to be inputted. The loads being referred in this
process were those obtained during the load determinations and the load combination was
determined as well. Lastly, analysis was then run to check whether the current member
dimensions passed. Structural members was continually redesigned until all members
passed, and were economical in size.
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3.2.4.2. Manual Computation
The entire structure was analyzed starting from the topmost member, which was
the roof or floor slab, down to the bottom-most members, which were the footings or
foundation (Figure 4 presents the sequence). The succeeding sections discuss the manual
design computations of the respective structural members.
3.2.4.2.1 Design of Slab
Slabs were structural elements usually made of concrete that was used to either
create a flat horizontal surface which was used as floors, ceilings, and roof decks. It was
supported by either beams, columns, walls, or the ground. It can be pre-fabricated or be
poured on-site using formwork. Taken from Table 407.6.1.1 , the minimum area of
flexure reinforcement As,min was found in accordance to Section 407.6.1.1 of the
NSCP2015.
Table 407.6.1.1 As,min for Non-Prestressed One-Way Slabs (NSCP2015)
Reinforcement Type FY, MPa As,min

Deformed bars <420 0.0020Ag
Greate 0.0018 x 420
Ag
Deformed bars or welded Fy
>420 r
wire reinforcement 0.0014Ag
Of:
In design specifications, the minimum thickness of non-pre stressed one-way slabs were:
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Table 407.3.1.1 Minimum Thickness of Solid Non-Prestress One-Way Slabs
(NSCP2015)
Support Condition Minimum h

Simply Supported l/20
One end continuous l/24
Both end continuous l/28
Cantilever l/10
Where:
Section 407.3.1.1.1 states that for fy other than 420 MPa, the expressions in table
407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by (0.4 + fy/700).
Section 407.3.1.1.2 states that for non- prestressed slabs made of lightweight concrete
having wc in the range of 1440 to 1840 kg/m 3, the expression in table 407.3.1.1 shall be
multiplied by ( 1.65-0.0003 wc)≥ 1.09.
Section 407.3.1.1.3 for non-prestressed composite slabs made of a combination of
lightweight and normal weight concrete that were shored during construction , where the
lightweight concrete was in compression the modifier of section 407.3.1.1.2 shall apply.
According to section 407.7.2.3 of NSCP 2015, Maximum spacing of flexural
reinforcement was:
S = 3h or 450 mm
According to section 407.7.2.4 of NSCP2015 , Maximum spacing of temperature
reinforcement was:
S = 5h or 450 mm
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3.2.4.2.2 Design of Beams
There were two types of reinforced beams either singly reinforced beam or
doubly reinforced beam. A singly reinforced beam was a beam that longitudinally
reinforce only in tension zone, thus the ultimate bending moment and the tension due to
bending were carried by the reinforcement, while the compression was carried by the
concrete. Practically, it was not possible to provide reinforcement only in the tension
zone, because the stirrups need to be tied. Therefore, two rebars were utilized in the
compression zone to tie the stirrups and the rebars act as false members just for holding
the stirrups. On the other hand, a doubly reinforced beam was reinforced with steel both
in tension and compression zone. This type of beam was mainly provided when the depth
of the beam was restricted. If a beam with limited depth was reinforced on the tension
side only it might not have sufficient resistance to oppose the bending moment. The
moment of resistance cannot be increased by increasing the amount of steel in tension
zone. It can be increased by making the beam over reinforced but not more than 25% on
the strained side. Thus a doubly reinforced beam was provided to increase the moment of
resistance of a beam having limited dimensions. Thus with this in mind the researchers
design the beams considering the following:
Table 409.3.1.1 Minimum Depth of Non-Prestressed Beams
Support Condition Minimum h

Simply supported l/6
One end continuous l/18.5
Both ends continuous l/21
Cantilever l/8
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Where:
Section 409.3.1.1.1 states that for fy other than 420 MPa, the expressions in the table
409.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by (0.4 + fy/700).
Section 409.3.1.1.2, for non-prestressed beams made of lightweight concrete
having wc in the range of 1440 to 1840 kg/m3, the expressions in table 409.3.1.1 shall be
multiplied by ( 1.65-0.003 wc)≥1.09.
Section 409.3.1.2 , for non-prestressed composite beams made of a
combination of lightweight and normal- weight concrete shored during construction , and
where the lightweight concrete was in compression, the modifier of section 409.3.1.1.2
shall apply.
3.2.4.2.3 Design of Columns
The column is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the
weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a
column is a compression member. The design of columns was controlled by the ultimate
limit state, though deflection and cracking during service conditions were not commonly
a problem, but was still properly detailed and covered.
The rectangular concrete distribution had requirements that needed to be
satisfied which were the following:
a) Concrete strength of 0.85 fc’ was assumed uniformly distributed over
an equivalent compression zone bounded by edges of the cross section
and a straight line located parallel to the neutral axis at a distance a =
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β1c from the fiber of maximum compressive strain. (Section
422.2.2.4.1, NSCP2015)
b) The distance c from the fiber of maximum strain to the neutral axis
was measured in the direction perpendicular to the axis. (Section
422.2.2.4.2, NSCP2015)
c) Factor β1 was taken as 0.85 for concrete strength f’ c up to and
including 30 MPa. For strength above 30 MPa, β 1 was reduced
continuously at a rate of 0.008 for each 1 MPa of strength in excess of
10 MPa, but β1 was not taken less than 0.65. (Section 422.2.2.4.3,
NSCP2015)
Code requirements for cast-in-place columns:
According to section 425.7.2.2 of NSCP2015, Diameter of tie bar wire
shall be at least:
10mm -32mm ɸ from smaller longitudinal reinforcement
12mm – larger than 32 mm ɸ larger longitudinal bars or bundled
bars spacing
Minimum number of bars:
4-within rectangular/ circular ties
3- Triangular shaped ties
6- Enclosed within spirals
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3.2.4.2.4 Design of Stairs
In accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines, the stairs in the
entire building have a minimum uniform riser height of 200 mm.
3.2.4.2.5 Design of Foundation/Footing
A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its gravity
loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories: shallow
foundations and deep foundations. A tall building must have a strong foundation if it was
to stand for a long time. Footings are an important part of foundation construction. They
are typically made of concrete with rebar reinforcement that has been poured into an
excavated trench. The purpose of footings is to support the foundation and prevent
settling. Footings are especially important in areas with troublesome soils.
Foundation failure also has an effect on the over-all stability of the building. The
lines of action of the loads is another important requirement for foundation thus it
concurs with the centers of the foundations therefore the foundation bed should be
uniformly distributed to prevent unequal settlement.
Maximum factors moment for an isolated footing and development of
reinforcement shall be computed at critical sections located as follows:
Table 413.2.7.1 Location of Critical Section for Mu (NSCP2015)
Supported member Location of critical section

Column or pedestal Face of column or pedestal
Column with steel base plate Halfway between face of column and edge
of steel base plate
Concrete wall Face of wall
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Masonry wall Halfway between center and face of
masonry wall
Location of critical section for shear was measured from the face of column, wall,
for footings supporting a column, or pedestal.
The overall depth of foundation shall be selected such that the effective depth of
bottom reinforcement was at least 150 mm. (Section 413.3.1.2, NSCP2015)
For reinforcement in short direction of the tal reinforcement given in the equation
shall be distributed uniformly over a band equal to the length of short side footing.
2
γs=
(β +1)
(413.3.3.3)
Where βc = ratio of the long side to short side of the footing.
Table 305-1 Minimum Requirements for Foundation (NSCP2015)
Thickness of
Number of
Foundation Wall Depth Below
Floors
(mm) Width of Thickness of Undisturbed
Supported by
Unit Footing (mm) Footing (mm) Ground
the Concret
Masonr Surface (mm)4
Foundations e
y
1 150 150 300 150 300
2 200 200 375 175 450
3 250 250 450 200 600
The researchers used NSCP and ACI Codes to determine the design specifications
and equations other structural members not mentioned above. Rather than using manual
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computation of structural design, the researchers opted to use STAAD/Pro, a computer
software that helps in the design and structural analysis in the project design. It contains a
broad set of facilities for designing structural members as individual components of an
analyzed structure. It was capable of performing steel, concrete, and timber design.
3.3 Technical Specifications for Materials, Equipment’s and Labor
After everything was computed and structural design was finished, a printed
compilation of the data was submitted to the professor. The compilation consists of the
plan and architectural design of the building, technical specifications for the calculations,
and the rest of the content of the project.
3.4 Project Duration Using PERT (CPM) and Cost Estimate
The researchers after finalizing and solving all necessary computations, came up
with the estimated budget for the benefit of the client. This includes the bill of materials,
cost of labor, equipment used, and the work schedule.
FLOW CHART
PROJECT START
DATA GATHERING
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
NO
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CLIENT
APPROVE
YES
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
`
STAAD DESIGN MANUAL DESIGN
A B
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, & LABOR
PROJECT DURATION & COST

ESTIMATE
PROJECT END
Figure 1: Project Design Flow Chart
INPUT STRUCTURE TYPE
INPUT DESIGN NODES
INPUT MATERIAL PROPERTIES

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INPUT SECTIONS
INPUT CONSTANTS
INPUT LOADINGS
ANALYSIS
NO
PASS REDESIGN
YES
ANALYSIS DESIGN OUTPUT
Figure 2: STAAD Sub Process Flow Chart
DESIGN OF BEAMS
NO
SAFE
YES
PREPARED BY: Inoveno, Philip B.; Mariño,Lorena S.; Que,DESIGN
Jacqueline C.;OF 23
SLABS
Rendora, Angel May E.
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CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Architectural Design
The three-storey apartment has been designed to serve its purpose of providing
accommodations for the people visiting and wanting to live in Bais as well as providing
necessities, are met. Having that qualities, the ground floor contains the lobby and the
rooms to cater people who wants to stay in a short span of time. Each room is complete
with a bed, toilet and bathroom, and all other room accessories such as a television set
and air-conditioning unit. The second and third floors contains rooms for people who
wants to stay longer that consist of a bed, toilet and bathroom. Those two floors have a
surrounding hallway which gives easy access to all rooms as well as good
escape routes in case of emergencies. Also, the roof deck provides a space for the
occupants to enjoy the good scenery.
As shown in Appendix C, the ground floor is 150 millimeters above the natural
ground level and the height of the first floor is 3.1m and 2.9m for the second floor and
third floor. The left and right elevations show that the building has two sets of
staircases; both may be used as emergency exit stairs. Appendix F shows the bird’s eye-
view of the entire structure.
4.2. Computation of Loads
Loads for the concrete resort building were computed and determined based on
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the design criteria provided by the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015.
The Dead Load, Live Load, Wind Load and Seismic Loads were then determined
using these values. The values will be presented in the appendix K.
4.3. Wind Load Computation
The structure designed is 12 meters high, therefore it follows the design wind
pressure,p (kPa), of p = q GC − GCv, taken from Eq. 207-18 for low rise building with
heights less than 18 meters. The velocity pressure in kPa is q z = qh = 0.613 Kz KztKdV2
Iw , taken from Eq. 207B.3-1. The values for each variable are as follows: Kzt = 1.0
(Topographic factor from sec. 207A.8.2), Kd = 0.85 (Table 207A.6-1), , Iw = 1.0
(Standard occupancy, Table 103-1) and V = 250 kph for Zone II (Table 207A.5-1A).
In the table below, velocity pressures per floor is being calculated table 1.Velocity
pressure shows the computed velocity pressure per floor level. The values under Kz can
be found on Table 207B.3-1.
TABLE 1: Velocity Pressures
h (m) Kz Kzt Kd V Iw qh (kPa)

3.10 0.57 1.0 0.85 250 1.0 1.432
6 0.62 1.0 0.85 250 1.0 1.558
9.10 0.7 1.0 0.85 250 1.0 1.759
12 10.76 1.0 0.85 250 1.0 1.910
Table 2.1 and Table 2.2 shows the results of the Design Wind Pressure from the
transverse wind direction and longitudinal wind direction respectively. These tables
correspond to the wind loads acting to the different areas of the exterior surfaces of the
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building, where calculations can be found on Appendix I. The areas, where the loads
act, are designated as 1E, 2E, 3E, 4E, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Windward wall 1E ranges from
1.080 to 1.319 kPa and leeward wall 4E ranges from -0.834 to -1.018 kPa. Windward
roof 2E ranges from -1.978 to -2.087 kPa and leeward roof 3E ranges from -1.124 to
-1.185 kPa. Windward wall 1 ranges from 0.793 to 0.968 kPa and leeward wall 4
ranges from -0.642 to 0.785 kPa. Windward roof 2 ranges from -1.978 to -2.087 kPa
and leeward roof 3 ranges from -0.870 to -0.918 kPa.
TABLE 2.1: Design Wind Pressure (Transverse Direction)

WINDWARD WALL 1E 1
GCpf= 0.61 GCpf= 0.40
GCpi= -0.18 GCpi= -0.18
height P(kPa) P(kPa)
3.1 0.974 0.418799968 0.56489298
6 1.059 0.455536807 0.614444996
9.1 1.196 0.51431575 0.693728221
12 1.299 0.558399958 0.75319064
TABLE 2.2: Design Wind Pressure (Longitudinal Direction)

LEEWARD WALL 2E 2
GCpf= 0.43 GCpf= 0.29
GCpi= +0.18 GCpi= +0.18
3.1 -0.609 -0.152180221 0.286098815
6 -0.662 -0.165529363 0.311195203
9.1 -0.748 -0.186887991 0.351349423
12 -0.812 -0.202906961 0.381465087
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LEEWARD WALL 3E 3
GCpf= 0.61 GCpf= 0.29
GCpi= -0.18 GCpi= -0.18
3.1 -0.867 -0.684560345 -0.502588607
6 -0.943 -0.744609498 -0.546675327
9.1 -1.064 -0.840688143 -0.617214079
12 -1.155 -0.912747126 -0.670118143
SIDE WALL 5E 5
GCpf=-0.45 GCpf= -0.45
GCpi= +0.18 GCpi= +0.18
3.1 -0.852 0.53689182 0.53689182
6 -0.927 0.583987593 0.583987593
9.1 -1.047 0.659340831 0.659340831
12 -1.136 0.71585576 0.71585576
WINDWARD WALL 4E 4
GCpf= 0.43 GCpf= 0.29
GCpi= +0.18 GCpi= +0.18
3.1 0.716 -0.436846752 -0.336586842
6 0.779 -0.475166643 -0.366112003
9.1 0.879 -0.536478467 -0.413352262
12 0.955 -0.582462336 -0.448782456
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4.4. Seismic Analysis
Seismic Analysis was conducted using the design criteria from the National
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 and the Static Lateral Force Procedure was
then carried out. See Appendix J for the detailed computation. These are the Seismic
Factors considered in the analysis of the concrete structure’s frame:
TABLE 3: Seismic Factors
Seismic Zone Factor, Z 0.4 for Zone 4

Importance Factor, I 1.0 for Occupancy Category, Type III
Structural System Factor, R 8.5 for dual systems: MSW with MMRWF
Near Source Factor, Na 1.0 for Soil Profile Type SD
Near Source Factor, Nv 1.2 for Soil Profile Type SD
Seismic Coefficients, Ca 0.44Na= 0.44 for Soil Profile Type SD
Seismic Coefficients, Cv 0.64Nv= 0.64 for Soil Profile Type SD
Numerical Coefficient, C t 0.0731
After all necessary computations have been carried out; the lateral forces on
each floor level were obtained. Table 4 below shows the floor levels and the
corresponding lateral forces (Fz) acting on it including the moments about the base
of the building (Fzhi).
TABLE 4: Lateral Force Distribution of the Building

Floor Level Wi, kN hi, m Wihi, kN-m Fi, kN Fz, kN Fzhi, kN-m
3 5523 9.1 54677.7 2603 2793 27652
2 6273 6 44371.8 2112 2112 13940
1 66273 3.1 22185. 1056 1056 3485
TOTAL 6931 9
40521 5771 5961 45077
It can be observed that the top most level, Level 4, carries a value of 2793 kN
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instead of just the 2603 kN. This is due to the concentrated lateral force Ft that acts at
the top of the structure in addition to its mass-generated lateral load Fi. The rest of the
floor levels have values that correspond to their own Fi.
Theoretically, all Lateral Forces act horizontally, this means that it can act on
the z and x direction of the building frame. After obtaining all necessary lateral
loads per floor level, these loads were then translated to each frame of the building.
Table 5.1 and 5.2 presents the lateral forces distributed, transversely and
longitudinally, on each frame per floor level.
TABLE 5.1: Direct Lateral Force Distribution on Transverse Frames
Floor
Level Fs TRANSVERSE FRAMES
A B C D E F G H
139.96 9.997147 19.99429 19.99429 19.99429 19.99429 19.99429 19.99429 9.997147

3 00682 73 546 546 546 546 546 546 73
133.25 9.518093 19.03618 19.03618 19.03618 19.03618 19.03618 19.03618 9.518093

2 33073 379 676 676 676 676 676 676 379
68.847 4.917681 9.835363 9.835363 9.835363 9.835363 9.835363 9.835363 4.917681

1 54211 579 159 159 159 159 159 159 579
TABLE 5.2: Direct Lateral Force Distribution on Longitudinal Frames
LONGITUDINAL FRAMES
A B C D E F G H
9.9971477 19.994295 19.994295 19.994295 19.994295 19.994295 19.994295 9.9971477

3 46 46 46 46 46 46 3
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9.5180933 19.036186 19.036186 19.036186 19.036186 19.036186 19.036186 9.5180933
79 76 76 76 76 76 76 79
4.9176815 9.8353631 9.8353631 9.8353631 9.8353631 9.8353631 9.8353631 4.9176815

79 59 59 59 59 59 59 79
Other than the lateral loads, building frames are also carrying torsion loads
with them. Values for torsion loads were obtained by considering the moments of each
frame with respect to the center of rigidity. Appendix J shows the detailed
computations for the torsion loads on each frame. Table 6.1 and 6.2 shows a tabular
summary of the torsion loads computed. It can be observed how in the transverse
frames; Frame C and G has zero torsion and that is because it is at the center of
rigidity for the transverse frame.
TABLE 6.1: Torsion Load Distribution on Transverse Frames
Floor
A B C D E F G H
3 139.9600682 88.87 66.65 44.43 22.21 0 22.21 44.43 66.65
2 133.2533073 67.2 50.4 33.6 16.8 0 16.8 33.6 50.4
1 68.84754211 33.6 25.2 16.8 8.4 0 8.4 16.8 25.2
LONGITUDINAL FRAMES
A B C D E F G H
88.87 66.65 44.43 22.21 0 22.21 44.43 66.65
67.2 50.4 33.6 16.8 0 16.8 33.6 50.4
33.6 25.2 16.8 8.4 0 8.4 16.8 25.2
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Having obtained the values for direct lateral force distribution and torsion
loads, the Resultant Lateral Force distribution is then determined by adding the two
values mention above. Table 7.1 and 7.2 presents the Resultant Lateral Force
Distribution values for transverse and longitudinal frames in each floor, respectively.
TABLE 7.1: Resultant Lateral Force Distribution each Frame
Floor
A B C D E F G H
139.960 98.86714 86.64429 64.42429 42.20429 19.99429 42.20429 64.42429 76.64714

3 0682 773 546 546 546 546 546 546 773
133.253 76.71809 69.43618 52.63618 35.83618 19.03618 35.83618 52.63618 59.91809

2 3073 338 676 676 676 676 676 676 338
68.8475 38.51768 35.03536 26.63536 18.23536 9.835363 18.23536 26.63536 30.11768

1 4211 158 316 316 316 159 316 316 158
TABLE 7.2: Resultant Lateral Force Distribution on Frame
LONGITUDINAL FRAMES
A B C D E F G H
98.867147 86.644295 64.424295 42.204295 19.994295 42.204295 64.424295 76.647147

73 46 46 46 46 46 46 73
76.718093 69.436186 52.636186 35.836186 19.036186 36.245546 52.636186 59.918093

38 76 76 76 76 77 76 38
38.517681 35.035363 26.635363 18.235363 29.829658 18.235363 26.635363 30.117681

58 16 16 16 62 16 16 58
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4.5. Design of Structural Members
4.5.1. Slab
A floor slab thicknesses of 100mm with reinforcements of 12mm-diameter
bars came up. 12 two way slabs were verified and the the rest were one way slab, it
was the classified as SOG, S1-S12, and RS. The results of the analysis are tabulated in
Appendix L.
4.5.2. Stairs
The rise and run width of the stairs are 170mm and 270mm respectively with a
total horizontal length of 3.4 meters. Its landings have dimensions of 1.2m x 1.2m and
a thickness of 120 mm. There are three staircases in every floor with a total 18, 17, and
17 steps for the first, second, and third staircase respectively. The details for the
reinforcement of stairs can be found in Table 8.
TABLE 8: Stairs Detailing
Horizonta Vertical Thickness

Stair Locatio Tread Riser Flexure Temperature
l (mm) (mm)
n
(mm
East and West Staircase
Groun 12mmØ 10mmØ

d to 3400 3100 270 170 120 spaced at spaced at
2nd 250 mm 350 mm
Floor
2nd 12mmØ 10mmØ
Floor to 3400 2900 270 170 120 spaced at spaced at
3rd Floor 250 mm 350 mm
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3rd 12mmØ 10mmØ

Floor to 3400 3100 270 170 120 spaced at spaced at
Roof 250 mm 350 mm
Deck
\
4.5.3. Beams and Girders
Beams and girders have a dimensions of 400x500 that uses 16mm rebar spaced at
110mm and 220mm.. These values were obtained after the slabs were identified to be
whether one-way or two-way. From there, the loads were transformed to uniformly
distributed loads and were used in the design of beams and girders. Appendix H
presents the Floor Framing Plans for the placement of beams and girders. Appendix O
shows the computations carried out in designing the columns. Table 9 shows a
tabulated summary of the beam and girder schedule.
TABLE 9: Beam Schedule
Beam Schedule
Floor Level Mark Dimension Steel Reinforcements Spacing of Stirrups 12mmØ
b, mm h, mm
Rebar Left Mid Span Right
mmØ Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom

500 8 @ 110mm, rest @
GB1 400
16 5 3 3 5 5 3 220mm
500 8 @ 110mm, rest @
GB2 400
16 3 3 3 3 3 3 220mm
500 8 @ 110mm, rest @
GB3 400
16 7 5 5 7 7 5 220mm
1st Floor
500 8 @ 110mm, rest @
GB4 400
16 6 5 5 6 6 5 220mm
500 8 @ 110mm, rest @
GB5 400
16 5 3 3 5 5 3 220mm
500 8 @ 110mm, rest @
GB6 400
16 3 4 4 3 3 4 220mm
2ND-3RD 500 6 @ 110mm, rest @
FB1 400
Floor 16 8 4 4 8 8 4 220mm
500 6 @ 110mm, rest @
FB2 400
16 6 3 3 6 6 3 220mm
500 6 @ 110mm, rest @
FB3 400
16 5 3 3 5 5 3 220mm
FB4 400 500 16 4 6 6 4 4 6 6 @ 110mm, rest @
220mm
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500 6 @ 110mm, rest @
FB5 400
16 6 3 3 6 6 3 220mm
500 6 @ 110mm, rest @
FB6 400
16 6 3 3 6 6 3 220mm
500 6 @ 110mm, rest @
FB7 400
16 3 3 3 3 3 3 220mm
500 4 @ 110mm, rest @
RD1 400
12 3 4 4 3 3 4 220mm
ROOF DECK
500 4 @ 110mm, rest @
RD2 400
12 4 3 3 4 4 3 220mm
4.5.4. Columns
Columns were designed based on the structural design and in accordance with
NSCP 2015. Using the STAAD Program, maximum loads were determined and used in
the manual computation for the design of columns. These computations may be found
in Appendix O. Table 10 presents the column sizes and reinforcement details for each.
TABLE 10: Column Schedule
Column Schedule
12mm
Flexural
Lateral
bars
Mark Dimensions Ties
z-axis Rebar
x-axis (m) (m) (mm) Qty Top Middle Bottom
Qty Spacing Qty Spacing Qty Spacing
C1 0.3 0.3 16mm 8 17 150 10 50 17 150
C1-1 0.3 0.3 16mm 8 17 150 10 50 17 150
4.5.5. Footings
The footing has a dimension of 1.02mx1.02m and .30mx.30m for the wall
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footing, it has a thickness of .30m and .15m respectively. It also has a depth of 1.5m for
the footing and 1.2m for the wall footing. The computations for the design of footings
may be found in Appendix P. The dimensions and reinforcements of these footings are
summarized in TABLE 11.
TABLE 11: Footing Schedule
Dimensions Reinforcement
Mark Rebars Spacing
Thickness Length Widt Depth Qty
h (mmØ) (mm)
F1 0.30m 1.02m 1.02 1.5m 16 16 170 Square Isolated
12, 10 12, 2 120, 200

WF 0.15m .30m 0.30m 1.2m -
for temp for temp for temp
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4.6. Plumbing Design
From the data gathering, the designers found out that the hydraulic grade line of
the local water supply is inadequate to supply the upper floors of the building so
an overhead water tank was selected to serve 50 persons in fully booked situations of
the resort building. The septic tank was designed with the same number of persons. The
computations for water supply requirements and design of the septic tank can be found
in Appendix R.
4.7. Program of Works and PERT – CPM
The project will last for a rough estimate of 47 weeks. Appendix X shows the
program of works and schedule and PERT – CPM .
4.8. Gantt Chart
A graphical presentation the shows the order of activates and its corresponding
durations until completion of the project at three-hundred thirty-five (335) working
days can be found in Appendix Z.
4.9. Project Cost Estimate
The total estimated cost of the project is twelve million five hundred forty-five thousand
and seven hundred fifty and thirty-five centavos (P 12,545,750.35). Appendix Y
presents the breakdown of the estimate, as well as the computations for material
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estimates.
4.10. S – Curve
A graphical presentation of the project’s cost over time is shown in Appendix

AA.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. Conclusions
In conclusion:
1. The apartelle designes has a lobby, storage area, seven bedrooms for
short term use equipped with its own bathroom. As well as, eight rooms
designed for long term use equipped with its own bathroom, dining room,
kitchen, balcony, and two bedrooms located on the second and third
floor. There is an open area on the roof deck where one water tank is
located.
2. From the calculations done, the slab thickness is 100mm with
reinforcement of 12mm- diameter bars.
3. The rise and run width of the stairs are 170mm and 270mm, respectively,
with a total horizontal length of 3.52m. The landings have dimensions of
1.2m x 1.2m and a thickness of 270 mm. There are three staircases in
every floor with a total 18, 17, and 17 steps for the first, second, and third
staircase respectively.
4. The beams and girders have a dimension of 400mm x 500mm which are
reinforced with 16mm- diameter steel bars for flexure and have 10mm-
diamete bars for shear reinforcements in all beam sizes.
5. The columns are tied columns having a dimension of 300mm x 300mm.
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It uses 16mm- diameter bars for flexure reinforcement; and 10mm-
diameter bars for lateral ties varying in their arrangement and spacing.
6. The column footing dimensions is 1.02m x 1.02m and the wall footing has
a width of 150mm and is 300mm thick. The first four footings have 20mm-
diameter reinforcing bars. The wall footing utilizes 12mm-diameter bars
for flexure and temperature reinforcements.
7. The plumbing design of the building has complied with the requirements
of the NSCP and has followed minimum pipe size requirements
discussed by Fajardo, MB. They are all of sufficient size and connected
by appropriate pipe fittings.
8. The project is estimated to take 335 calendar days to finish and will cost an
estimated amount of twelve million five hundred forty-five thousand seven
hundred fifty pesos (₱ 12, 545, 750.35).
9. STAAD Pro.v8i was used to double check the structural safety of the
building. This is to ensure that the calculations from the manual
computations coincides with the results of the computer software
analysis.
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5.2. Recommendations
The designers recommend:
1. The design should have all the necessary amenities that will satisfy the owner as
well as keep in mind the specifications of NSCP as the design process
progresses.
2. STAAD.Pro.v8i should be used for validation of loadings and bar
configurations for the structural members. The structural members must be
designed considering economical sizes and try using other computer programs
in analyzing them.
3. Necessary professionals should be consulted for areas which are not in the civil
engineer’s expertise such as, mechanical, geotechnical engineer, etc.
4. Soil Analysis is encouraged for better data regarding the characteristic of the
soil of the project lot.
5. The pressure of the automatic fire protection system should be tested before it
can be considered.

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CE60 – Project 2

Department of Civil Engineering

attracted to these kinds of establishments. In addition, these kinds of establishment are a

students because of the many colleges that reside in the area.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Philippines and should answer the following questions:

1. What is the Architectural Design of the building?

2. What are the Loading Conditions?

3. What are the Structural Member Sections?

b) 3rd Floor Columns

c) 3rd Floor Slabs, Beams, Girders

d) 2nd Floor Columns

e) 2nd Floor Slabs, Beams, Girders

f) Ground Floor Columns

4. What is the Plumbing Design?

5. What is the estimated total cost of the project?

iii. Labor Cost

6. How long will the duration of the construction take?

7. Based on the result, what building plan will be developed?

 The main objective of this study is to design a three-storey apartelle

building for Mrs. Josephine C. Que in Bais City

 To make a design that is convenient, aesthetically appealing, and

structurally sturdy, for the client and future occupant’s interest

construction of the building

 To make a plumbing design for the building

 To make the schedule of the construction of the building

1.4 Significance of the study

made to provide safety and comfort to the following:

looking for a place whether for a long-term or short-term stay.

the tax it pays regularly.

valuable experience as well as help them establish a sense of professionalism by

professionalism and experience even after the end of this project.

1.5 Scope of the Study

materials/technical specifications, cost estimates of labor and materials, and scheduling.

1.6 Limitations of the Study

Apartelle- a serviced apartment complex that uses a hotel-style booking system. It is

"check-out" whenever they wish or a budget hotel

a load usually a floor or roof

Columns - an upright pillar of support, usually made of stone, concrete, or steel

such as people, environmental aspects, and others

different kinds of analysis.

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

An apartelle (a short-cut for apartment hotel) is a serviced apartment complex that

contracts and occupants can "check-out" whenever they wish.

Apartelle means a building containing both apartments and individual guestrooms or

An apartelle complex usually offers a complete fully fitted apartment. These

Performance Characteristics of Residential Buildings

should also be the distinguishing qualities of every residential building.

residential buildings in an adequate technical condition is of utmost importance when

conditions. The renovation of buildings is inevitable. Aesthetic requirements combined

on the conservation of detail, or may involve the modernization of a tenement house:

sole purpose of decoration is commonly accepted”. The needs of our civilization’s

development often necessitate the modernization of historic building structures or their

adaptation to modern-day needs. (Bonenberg, W. et. Al, 2012)

materials is also limited.

that of load-bearing walls.( Królikowski, J. et. Al, 2011)

of users of flats change and the usability of the building decreases.

development continue to increase, and the performance requirements of buildings are,

therefore, becoming increasingly higher. Increasing performance requirements and the

coexisting problems of a deteriorating technical state pose a challenge when using

residential buildings. (Kadłuczka, A. et. Al, 2008)

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design and drafting software

as a desktop application running in microcomputers with internal graphics