4CE7 : CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY LAB

Experiment no.:-8

Object: - To design concrete mix of M-20 grade without admixture in accordance with
IS recommendations

A-1 STIPULATIONS FOR PROPORTIONING

(a) Grade designation : M 20
(b) Type of cement : OPC 43 grade conforming to IS 8112
(c) Maximum nominal size of aggregate : 20mm
(d) Minimum cement content : 300 Kg/m3
(e) Maximum water cement ratio : 0.55
(f) Workability : 25-50 mm (slump)
(g) Exposure condition : Mild (for reinforced concrete)
(h) Method of concrete placing : Manual
(i) Degree of supervision : Good
(j) Type of aggregate : Crushed angular aggregate
(k) Maximum cement content : 450 Kg/m3
(l) Chemical admixture type : NIL

A-2 TEST DATA FOR MATETRIALS

(a) Cement used : OPC 43 grade conforming to IS 8112
(b) Specific gravity of cement : 3.15
(c) Chemical admixture type : NIL
(d) Specific gravity of:
(i) Coarse aggregate : 2.6
(ii) Fine aggregate : 2.6
(e) Water absorption:
(i) Coarse aggregate : 0.5 %
(ii) Fine aggregate : 1.0 %
(f) Free (surface) moisture:
(i) Coarse aggregate : NIL
(ii) Fine aggregate : NIL
(g) Sieve analysis:
(i) Coarse aggregate
IS Analysis of C.A. % of different Fractions Standar Remark
sieve d as per
size IS 383
mm I II I II Combined
(20mm) (10mm) (60%) (40%)
40 100 Conforming
20 95-100 to Table 2
10 25-55 of IS 383
4.75 0-10

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(ii) Fine aggregate

IS % IS 383-1970 grading Remark

sieve passing
size Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV
mm
10 100 100 100 100 Conforming
4.75 90-100 90-100 90-100 95-100 to Table 4
2.36 60-95 75-100 85-100 95-100 of IS 383
1.18 30-70 55-90 75-100 90-100 grading
0.600 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-100 zone II
0.300 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
0.150 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-15

A-3 TARGET STRENGTH FOR MIX PROPORTIONING

f'ck = fck + 1.65s
Where
f’ck = target average compressive strength at 28 days,
fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days, and
s = standard deviation.
From Table 8, IS:456-2000, standard deviation, s= 4+1=5 N/mm2.
Therefore, target strength = 20 + 1.65 X 5 = 28.25 N/mm2.

A-4 SELECTION OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO

From table 5 of IS: 456, maximum water-cement ratio = 0.55
Based on experience, adopt water-cement ratio as 0.47
0.47 < 0.55, hence O.K.

A-5 SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT

From table 2, IS 10262, maximum water content for 20mm aggregate = 186 litre
(for 25-50 mm slump range)
Estimated water content for 25-50 mm slump = 186+ (0/100) X 186 = 186 litre.
Hence, the arrived water content = 186 litre.

A-6 CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT

Water cement ratio = 0.47
Cement content = 186/0.47 = 396 kg/m3
From table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for ‘mild’ exposure condition = 300kg/m 3
396 kg/m3 > 300kg/m3, hence O.K.

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A-7 PROPORTIONING OF VOLUME OF COARSE AGGREGATE & FINE AGGREGATE
CONTENT
From table 3, IS 10262, volume of CA corresponding to 20mm size aggregate and FA
(zone II) for W/C ratio of 0.50 = 0.62.
The proportion of volume of CA is decreased/ increased at the rate of -/+ 0.01 for every
±0.05 change in W/C ratio.
Therefore. Corrected proportion of volume of CA for W/C ratio of 0.47 =
0.62+(0.01/0.05) X 0.03 = 0.62+0.006= 0.626 = 0.62
Therefore, volume of CA = 0.62
Volume of FA content = 1-0.62 = 0.38

A-8 MIX CALCULATIONS

V =[W/Sw +C/Sc +(1/P)X (S/Ss)] X 1/103
V = [W/Sw +C/Sc +(1/1-P)X (A/Sa)] X 1/103
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows:
(a) Volume of concrete, V = 1m3
(b)Volume of cement = (C/Sc) X 1/103= (Mass of cement/Sp Gr of cement) X 1/1000
= (396/3.15) X 1/1000
= 0.126 m3
(c) Volume of water = (W/Sw) X 1/103 = (Mass of water / Sp Gr of water) X 1/1000
= 186/1 X 1/1000
=0.186 m3
(d) Volume of chemical admixture = (SP/Ssp) X 1/1000
= (Mass of chemical admixture/ Sp Gr of admixture) X1/1000
=0
(e) Volume of all in aggregate = [a-(b+c+d)]
= 1-(0.126+0.186+0)
= 0.688 m3
(f) Mass of CA = e X volume of CA X Sp Gr of CA X 1000
= 0.688 X 0.62 X 2.6 X 1000
= 1109 kg.
(g)Mass of FA = e X volume of FA X Sp Gr of FA X 1000
= 0.688 X 0.38 X 2.6 X 1000
= 680 kg.
A-9 MIX PROPORTIONS FOR TRIAL NUMBER 1
The mix proportions per m3 of conc. becomes, (kg)
W : C : FA : CA : Total agg.
186 396 680 1109 : 1789
W/C 0.47 : 1 : 1.72 : 2.80 : 4.52
Agg. Cement ratio = 4.52 : 1
The designed mix is 0.47 : 1 : 1.72 : 2.8 (by weight)

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A-10 ACTUAL QTY FOR THE MIX PER BAG OF CEMENT

The designed mix is 0.47 : 1 : 1.72 : 2.8 (by weight)
(i) For 50 kg of cement, Qty are (kg)
W : C : FA : CA
23.5 50 86 : 140
(ii) Extra Qty of water to be added for absorption in case of CA at 0.5 % by mass
= 0.5x140/100 = 0.7 litre
(iii) Extra Qty of water to be added for absorption in case of FA at 1 % by mass
= 1x86/100 = 0.86 litre
(iv) Qty of water to be deducted for moisture present in sand : nil
(v) Actual Qty of water required to be added
= 23.5+0.7+0.86 = 25.06 litres
(vi) Actual Qty of FA required = 86 – 0.86 = 85.14 Kg
(vii) Actual Qty of CA required = 140 – 0.7 = 139.3 Kg
Fraction I (20 mm s) = 60 % of 139.3 = 85.58 Kg
Fraction II (10 mm s) = 40 % of 139.3 = 53.72 Kg
(viii) Therefore, the actual Qty of different constituents required for one bag mix are(Kg)
W : C : FA : CA
25.06 50 85.14 : 139.3 ( Fraction I : 85.58, Fraction II : 53.72)

A-11 ACTUAL MIX PROPORTION PER CUM OF CONCRETE (X 396/50=7.92)

W : C : FA : CA
198.5 396 674.3 1103.3 ( Fraction I : 662.0, Fraction II : 441.3)
Actual W/C ratio = 25.06/50= 0.5
Note : Aggregates should be used in saturated surface dry condition (SSD condition),
otherwise allowance shall be made for the free (surface) moisture contributed by FA
& CA.

A-12 The slump shall be measured and the water content and dosage of admixture shall
be adjusted for achieving the required slump based on trial, if required. The mix
proportions shall be reworked for the actual water content and checkrd for
durability requirements.

A-13 Two more trials having variations of ±10 % of W/C ratio in A-12 shall be carried
out and a graph between three W/C ratios and their corresponding strengths shall be
plotted to work out the mix proportions for the given target strength for field trials.
However, durability requirement shall be met.

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A-14 TEST RESULT

Target average strength at 7 days is
f’ck = 0.7 x 28.25 = 19.8 N/mm2
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 7 DAYS

S.No. Cube size in mm Load in KN Strength N/mm2 Av N/mm2

1 150x150x150
2 150x150x150
3 150x150x150
The strength achieved in 7 days is more than the target mean strength mentioned
above and hence the mix is in order.

A-15 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN REPORT

(M-20, Nominal Max. Size of Aggregate 20 mm)
1. Presumed field strength (N/mm2) = 20.00
2. Target Design Strength (N/mm2) = 28.25
(1) The concrete mix was designed with the material supplied in the lab with Concrete Mix
Proportioning conforming to IS 10262 : 2009.
The quantities of materials in Kg/m3 for the suggested mix proportion are :-
1. Cement (Wonder 43 Grade) = 396.00
2. Fine Aggregate = 674.30
3. Coarse Aggregate
 Fraction- I (20 mm) = 662.00
 Fraction- I (10 mm) = 441.3
 Total CA = 1103.3
4. Water = 198.5
5. Admixture = 0.00 ml/kg of cement
(2.) The ratio by weight
C : FA : CA : W/C Ratio
1 : 1.703 : 2.786 : 0.5
Fraction- I : 1.672
Fraction- II : 1.114
(3.) The results obtained with the designed mix :
1. Slump/Compaction Factor = mm
2. Compressive Strength, 7 days’ (N/mm2) =
3. Compressive Strength, 28 days’ (N/mm2) =
4. Density of concrete = av wt of cube in kg/vol in cum=8.3/3.375x10 -3=2460kg/m3

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Questions:-
(i) What is characteristic strength ?
(ii) What do you understand by a mix design ?
(iii) What is standard deviation ?
(iv) What is target mean strength and how is it calculated ?
(v) What is nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate ?

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