Steel grades 1

Steel grades
Steel grades to classify various steels by their composition and physical properties have been developed by a
number of standards organizations.
• SAE steel grades
• British Standards
• International Organization for Standardization ISO/TS 4949:2003
• European standards - EN 10027
• For alloys in general (including steel), unified numbering system (UNS) of ASTM International and the Society
of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
• Japanese steel grades : JIS standard
• Germany steel grades : DIN standard
• China steel grades : GB standard

European standard steel grades

[1]
European standard steel grade names fall into two categories:
1. Steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties.
2. Steel specified by chemical composition.
The inclusion of a letter 'G' before the code indicates the steel is
specified in the form of a casting.

Category 1
Basic steel grade designations for category 1 steels consist of a single EN 10027-1 steel grade designation system.
letter (designating application) then a number signifying the
mechanical property (often yield strength) dictated in the standard for that application designation. For some
application designations another letter is included before the property value, this number is used to indicate any
special requirements or conditions. These additional letters and values depend entirely on the application of the steel
and are specified in the standard and far too numerous to mention here.
Below is a table indicating the most common application codes.

Application symbol Meaning

S Structural steel

P Steel for pressure lines and vessels

L Steel for pipe and tube

E Engineering steels

B Steel for reinforced concrete

R Steel for rail use

Steel grades 2

Category 2
These steel grades often begin with a letter (absence of a letter indicates non-alloy steel with Mn >1% or alloy steel
with all alloying elements <5% by weight). The most common of these letters are C (Carbon) and X (Alloying
element >5% is present). Subsequent to this letter is the carbon quantity by weight given as the percentage multiplied
by 100. Following on from this are the alloying elements in order of decreasing weight percentage. Finally there is a
series of numbers. Unless the type code is X or HS these numbers correspond (in the order respective to the alloying
elements given earlier) to the value of the aforementioned alloying element multiplied by that element's adjustment
factor (given in the standard). If an alloying element is present without an adjustment factor then that element's
quantity is unknown or unimportant but is mentioned because it is added on purpose to the alloy. E.g. 13MnNi6-3
(0.13% Carbon, 1.5% Manganese, 0.75% Nickel)

Elements Factor

Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si, W 4

Al, Be, Cu, Mo, Nb, 10

Pb, Ta, Ti, V, Zr

Ce, N, P, S 100

B 1000

If the type code is X, the numbers following the alloying elements are the actual percentage by weight of the
corresponding alloying element.
In the case of High speed steels the code differs. Beginning with the letter HS signifying the type then the addition of
four or less numbers signifying the percentages of the following alloying elements in order: Tungsten, Molybdenum,
Vanadium, Cobalt. E.g. HS2-9-1-8 (2% Tungsten, 9% Molybdenum, 1% Vanadium, 8% Cobalt).

Additional symbols
In addition to the above category codes there are symbols that can be added to the grade code to identify any
additional compositional requirements, delivery conditions, mechanical properties, &c. These values depend solely
on the type/application code given in the first part of the code and are so numerous as to be impossible to indicate
here. Additional symbols are separated from the main code by the plus sign (+).
The most common additional symbols are the impact and temperature codes for structural steels, category 1 - Sxxx.

Impact resistance Temperature

Impact Testing Temperature Testing

code strength code temperature

J 27 J R Room temperature

K 40 J O 0°C

L 60 J 2 -20°C

3 -30°C

4 -40°C

5 -50°C

6 -60°C

Delivery condition codes are also relatively common, the most common being:
Steel grades 3

Code Condition

A Annealed

QT Quenched and tempered

N Normalised

SR Stress relieved

C Cold worked

U Untreated

European standard steel number

In addition to the descriptive steel grade naming system indicated above, within EN 10027-2 is defined a system for
creating unique steel grade numbers. While less descriptive and intuitive than the grand names they are easier to
tabulate and use in data processing applications.
The number is in the following format: x.yyzz(zz)
Where x is the material type (only 1 is specified so far), yy is the steel group number (specified in EN10027-2) and
zz(zz) is a sequential number designated by the certifying body, the number in brackets being unused but reserved
for later use.
The steel groups are indicated below:

Code Type

Non-alloy steels

00 & 90 Basic steels

0x & 9x Quality steels

1x Special steels

Alloy steels

2x Tool steels

3x Miscellaneous steels

4x Stainless and heat resistant steels

5x – 8x Structural, pressure vessel and engineering steels

08 & 98 Special physical properties

09 & 99 Other purpose steels

The current certification body is the VDEh in Düsseldorf, Germany.

Comparison
Below is a table comparing steel grades from different grading systems.
Steel grades 4

Comparison of steel grades by chemistry[2][3]

EN steel EN steel name SAE UNS DIN BS 970 UNI JIS
number grade

Carbon steels

1.1141 C15D 1018 CK15 040A15 C15 S15

1.0401 C18D C15 080M15 C16 S15CK
1.0453 C16.8 080A15 1C15 S15C
EN3B

1.0503 C45 1045 C45 060A47 C45 S45C

1.1191 CK45 080A46 1C45 S48C
1.1193 CF45 080M46 C46
1.1194 CQ45 C43

1.0726 35S20 1140/1146 35S20 212M40

1.0727 45S20 45S20 En8M

1.0715 11SMn37 1215 9SMn28 230M07 CF9SMn28 SUM 25

1.0736 9SMn36 En1A CF9SMn36 SUM 22

1.0718 11SMnPb30 12L14 9SMnPb28 230M07 CF9SMnPb29 SUM 22L

1.0737 11SMnPb37 9SMnPb36 Leaded CF9SMnPb36 SUM 23L
En1A Leaded SUM 24L

Alloy steels

1.7218 4130 25CrMo4 708A30 25CrMo4 (KB) SCM 420

GS-25CrMo4 CDS110 30CrMo4 SCM 430
SCCrM1

1.7223 42CrMo4 4140/4142 41CrMo4 708M40 41CrMo4 SCM 440

1.7225 42CrMo4 708A42 38CrMo4 (KB) SCM 440H
1.7227 42CrMoS4 709M40 G40 CrMo4 SNB 7
1.3563 43CrMo4 En19 42CrMo4 SCM 4M
En19C SCM 4

1.6582 34CrNiMo6 4340 34CrNiMo6 817M40 35NiCrMo6 (KB) SNCM 447

1.6562 40NiCrMo8-4 En24 40NiCrMo7 (KB) SNB24-1-5

1.6543 20NiCrMo2-2 8620 21NiCrMo22 805A20 20NiCrMo2 SNCM 200

1.6523 21NiCrMo2 805M20 (H)

Stainless steels

1.4310 X10CrNi18-8 301 S30100

1.4318 X2CrNiN18-7 301LN

1.4305 X8CrNiS18-9 303 S30300 X10CrNiS18-9 303S 31 X10CrNiS18-09 SUS 303

En58M

1.4301 X2CrNi19-11 304 S30400 X5CrNi18-9 304S 15 X5CrNi18-10 SUS 304

X2CrNi18-10 X5CrNi18-10 304S 16 SUS 304-CSP
XCrNi19-9 304S 18
304S 25
En58E

1.4306 X2CrNi19-11 304L S30403 304S 11 SUS304L

1.4311 X2CrNiN18-10 304LN S30453

1.4948 X6CrNi18-11 304H S30409

1.4303 X5CrNi18-12 305 S30500

Steel grades 5

1.4401 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 316 S31600 X5CrNiMo17 12 2 316S 29 X5CrNiMo17 12 SUS 316

1.4436 X5CrNiMo18-14-3 X5CrNiMo17 13 3 316S 31 X5CrNiMo17 13 SUS316TP
X5CrNiMo 19 11 316S 33 X8CrNiMo17 13
X5CrNiMo 18 11 En58J

1.4404 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 316L S31603 316S 11 SUS316L

1.4406 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 316LN S31653

1.4429 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3

1.4571 316Ti S31635 X6CrNiMoTi17-12 320S 33

1.4438 X2CrNiMo18-15-4 317L S31703

1.4541 321 S32100 X6CrNiTi18-10 321S 31 SUS321

1.4878 X12CrNiTi18-9 321H S32109

1.4512 X6CrTi12 409 S40900

410 S41000

1.4016 430 S43000 X6Cr17 430S 17 SUS430

440A S44002

1.4112 440B S44003

1.4125 440C S44004 X105CrMo17 SUS440C

1.4104 430F S44020 X14CrMoS17 SUS430F

1.4539 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 904L N08904

1.4547 X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 S31254

Tool steels

1.2363 X100CrMoV5 A-2 [4] X100CrMoV51 BA 2 X100CrMoV5-1 SKD 12

T30102
KU

A-3 [5]
T30103

A-4 [6]
T30104

A-6 [7]
T30106

A-7 [8]
T30107

A-8 [9]
T30108

A-9 [10]
T30109

1.2379 X153CrMoV12 D-2 X153CrMoV12-1 BD 2 X155CrVMo12-1 SKD 11

1.2510 O-1 100MnCrW4 Bo 1 95MnWCr-5 KU

Steel grades 6

References

Notes
[1] EN 10027, European committee for standardisation
[2] "Standards comparison" (http:/ / metricmetal. com/ standards_comparison. htm). . Retrieved 2008-12-31..
[3] Oberg, pp. 411-412.
[4] AISI A2 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFGMZ1wV), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A2& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A2) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.
[5] AISI A3 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFGQq3xA), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A3& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A3) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.
[6] AISI A4 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFGbt3Cy), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A4& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A4) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.
[7] AISI A6 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFGon2de), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A6& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A6) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.
[8] AISI A7 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFGw8Bhe), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A7& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A7) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.
[9] AISI A8 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFH565FE), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A8& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A8) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.
[10] AISI A9 (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5vFHCCD2B), Efunda, archived from the original (http:/ / www. efunda. com/ materials/ alloys/
tool_steels/ show_tool. cfm?ID=AISI_A9& show_prop=all& Page_Title=AISI A9) on 2010-12-25, , retrieved 2010-12-25.

Bibliography
• Oberg, E.; et al. (1996), Machinery's Handbook (25th ed.), Industrial Press Inc

External links
• Comparison of various steel standards (http://www.hagener-feinstahl.de/werkstoffliste2007.php?lng=en)
• Comparison of various tool steel standards (http://www.westyorkssteel.com/tool_steel_specifications.html)
• Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (EN steel grades) (http://www.euro-inox.org/pdf/map/
Tables_TechnicalProperties_EN.pdf)
• General guide to the EN 10027 steel name and numbering systems. (http://www.roymech.co.uk/
Useful_Tables/Matter/Steel_Europe.html)
Article Sources and Contributors 7

Article Sources and Contributors

Steel grades  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=508296949  Contributors: Arjayay, BlackNeo, Cdang, Clovis Sangrail, EleanorRugby, Francis Flinch, Gary.Sprake, Gene
Nygaard, Lead holder, Materialscientist, Mmarre, NeriDavide, Rjwilmsi, Solution alhaadi, Wizard191, 13 anonymous edits

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