LESSON 1: THE ACR MODEL history that is already perceptible but that

09/12/20 started ultimately in its mature form in 1989 with

-Useful in doing/making decisions as far as issues the retreat of communism. (Endre, 2013:129)
that are confronting us when a globalized world There are several events that happen in the 1980s, most prominent is the EDSA
is concern revolution in the Philippines 1986 because according to writers the EDSA revolution
Awareness was some kind of a phenomenon. It inspired many revolution across the world
Choice -The inexorable integration of markets, nation-
Responsibility states and technologies to a degree never
-When you are aware you are knowledgeable and witnessed before-in a way that is enabling
you have range of choices then responsibility will individuals, corporations and nation-states to
come in. Be accountable of your decision. reach around the world farther, faster, deeper,
LESSON 2: GLOBALIZATION and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that
09/12/20 is enabling the world to reach into individuals,
● CONCEPTION AND MISCONCEPTION corporations and nation-states farther, faster,
-The understanding and misunderstanding deeper and cheaper than ever before. (Friedman,
● BENEFICIARIES, VICTIMS, VERSATILES 2009:9)
-Naka gain, na sagasaan, resilient Because of globalization individuals are now enable, an individual has power. It is now
● INFLOWS, OUTFLOWS, NONFLOWS easy to reach everybody. communication is much faster and the scope is wide

-Influences from the outside, what we share from the rest of the world, stagnant.
-Globalization is a contested term
-Is a term in heavy current usage but one whose
meaning remains obscure, often even among
those who invoke it. (Reich,1998)
Day to Day experience
-Thus, globalization might be inherently
transgressive, yet many of its core connotations
are such that they presuppose and thus are
parasites upon the same social ontology it
promises to transcend. (Bartelson,2000:183)
Distracting even in the same social relationships/discussion about it
-Globalization is a slippery and elusive concept.
Despite intensifying interest in the phenomenon
of globalization since the 1980s the term is still
used to refer, variously, to a process, a policy, a
marketing strategy, a predicament or even an
ideology.
enough.
-Globalization is a transplanetary process or set
of process involving increasing liquidity and
growing multidirectional flows of people, objects,
places, and information as well as the structures
they encounter and create that are barriers to, or
expedite those flows. (Ritzer & Dean, 2015:460)
Multidirectional flow movements of people, object and information in real time going
to different direction.
-Globalization is the emergence of a complex web
of interconnectedness that means that our lives
are increasingly shaped by events that occur, and
decisions that are made, at a great distance from
us. Distinction are commonly drawn between
economic globalization, cultural globalization and
political globalization. (Heywood, 2014:24)
Example: price of oil products so Philippines is dependent on oil exporting countries.
The prices of oil decided by the country we are affected even though it is far from us.
He is telling us phases of globalization of Economic, Political, and cultural.

Those who are studying globalization is still confused. Globalization has several
phases, it can be a process, a policy, marketing strategy, predicament, or ideology.
-The problem with globalization is that it is not
much an “it” as a “them”: it is not a single
process but a complex of processes, sometimes
overlapping and interlocking processes but also,
at times, contradicting and oppositional ones.
(Heywood, 2002:137)
● METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
-A complex process involving worldwide diffusion
of cultural products, the streamlining of
international manufacturing and trade, the
standardization of global financial markets, and
the prevalence of new media technology capable
of simultaneous real-time transmission of
content everywhere in the world. (Dictionary of
Critical Theory, p.202)
The fast transmission of this information that actually affected/influence our lives,

Metaphor comparison of two things without the use of us or like sharing of cultural products.
Evolution of things for example -Globalization refers to the expansion and
Apple (fruit or Gadget) intensification of social relations and
Tablet (Medicine or Gadget) consciousness across world-time and world-
Manga (Fruit or Japan comics) space. (Steger, 2013:2015)
Upload (Brown banana or Cloud) Because of the mediation of the internet
Because of globalization words have other ● RELATED CONCEPTS
meaning. -Globalism, The way of
● DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION thinking/philosophy/ideology/way of belief
-Globalization is defined as an unprecedented -Glocal, mixture of global and local/ a local
new world state, a special phase of the world product with global appeal
-Solid, liquid, Gas; there are those who are S L LESSON 4: THE UNITED NATIONS MEETS THE
(mobility)G 21st CENTURY: CONFRONTING THE
-Inter, global CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
-Trans, global 09/16 & 21/20
The harsh reality: Governments alone cannot
LESSON 3: HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION AND resolve today’s global problems
THE ASPECT OF GLOBALIZATION ● GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
09/14/20 -The sum of laws, norms, institutions that define,
Globalization started late and only got matured by the year 1987/89 constitute and mediate transborder relations
● GLOBALIZATION: WHAT WENT BEFORE between states, culture, citizens,
⮚ Ancient Migration of People intergovernmental and nongovernmental
-Nomadic tribes, savages and so on. People on the same continent migrating by foot organizations and the market the welders and
and some point they meet each other and exchange of knowledge. the
⮚ The Commercial Transitions Among Nations ● THE MAIN GAPS THE UN HAS MET IN THE
(The silk roads) 21st CENTURY
-These are several roads within the continent in Asia and Europe; it has economic ⮚ Knowledge
relation, commercial transaction of buying and selling, exchange of money, goods and ⮚ Norms
services among the Asians and westerners. Silk is produced by china and it was sold to ⮚ Institutions and
Rome and Greece. Westerners also sell Gold, silver and wool to Asia. They also ⮚ Compliance
exchange goods, ideas, and religion between east and west. ● FOUR ESSENTIAL ROLES OF THE UN
⮚ Religious Mission (Christian and Islam) ⮚ Managing Knowledge
-Religious groups existing at that time they were on a mission to convert others by 1. Recognizing the existence of a problem
going to their houses and sharing. 2. Collect solid data about the nature of the
⮚ The Invention of Printing (Johannes problem
Gutenberg, 1440) 3. Understand its causes to understand the
-Exchange of culture and Improvement of academic instructions in the universities problem
and schools since books are very expensive. It is expensive because of manual copying ⮚ Developing Norms
of the books. The books ate mass produce and authors can now propagate their -The UN helps to solidify a new norm of behavior
research and philosophies and to study it as well. Newspapers were also printed to often through summit conferences and
learn more about the events happen on the day. international panels and commissions
⮚ The Discoveries of the Americas and Voyages - Norms are essential to the functioning and
to the far east (from 1492 hence) existence of society; therefore, social interaction
-Discoveries of new land and people contributed to the development of globalization is viewed through normative lenses from bilateral
because of exchange of ideas, culture, technology, and thinking. relations to relations among national leaders.
⮚ The World Wars ⮚ Promulgating Recommendations
-The wars let people meet others -The next step: formulating of a range of
⮚ 1987/89 and all those possibilities (policies) about how governments
-Globalization reaches it mature stage; globalization has shaped our live today and their citizens and IGO’s can challenge
● THE FACETS OF GLOBALIZATION behavior
They are all interconnected ⮚ Institutionalizing Ideas
⮚ Political -Institutions can facilitate problem solving even
-Political animal because people exercise deliberation and decision making; States and though they do not possess any coercive power.
Nation is political animal; Political relation among countries contributed to the

evolution of globalization.
● HOW IDEAS AFFECT POLICY: 3 CAUSAL
-Political Globalization; Governance
PATHWAYS
⮚ Religious
1. By becoming roadmaps that actors in the right
-Religious Globalization, Missionaries.
direction
⮚ Technological
2. By affecting their choices of strategies when
-Technological Globalization; Media, how media shape the world.
there is no single equilibrium
⮚ Cultural
3. By becoming embedded in institutions
-Sum total of ways/how people communicate with each other.
● THE UN’s ROLE IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
-Cultural Globalization, demography, population, migration, global cities
-Identifying and diagnosing problems
⮚ Economic
-Developing norms (principled ideas)
-Whatever is Political is also Economic, they are related because whenever politics has
-Formulating recommendations (operational
a problem economics would also become a problem and then vice versa.
ideas)
-Economic Globalization, Trade and Finance
The United Nations-the arena for state decision-
making, the professional secretariats and civil
society have filled these ideational functions for
five types of gaps: knowledge, norma, policies,
institutions, and compliance
● THE ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
LESSON 5: GLOBALIZATION REGIONALIZATION
AND THE ASEAN
09/23/20
● BASIC FEATURES OF “REGION”
⮚ First
-Regions are a group of countries located in the
same geographically specified area or are
amalgamation of two regions or a combination of
more than two regions organized to regulate and
oversee flows and policy choices.
⮚ Second
-The words ”Regionalization” and “Regionalism”
should not be interchanged
-Regionalization, Regional concentration of
economic flows
- Regionalism, A political process characterized by
economic policy cooperation and coordination
among countries
● REGIONALISM
-The body of ideas, values and objectives that
contribute to the creation, maintenance or
modification of a particular region or type of
world order. It is usually associated with a formal
policy and project and often leads to institution
building. Ex. EU, ASEAN, AU
● WHY DO COUNTRIES FORM REGIONAL
ASSOCIATIONS?
-Military defense. i.e. NATO
To pool their resources, get better returns for
their exports, as well as expand their leverage
against trading partners. i.e. OPEC
-To protect their independence from the
pressure of superpowers politics. i.e Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM)
-To insulate themselves from the ill-effects of
economic crisis.
● NON-STATE REGIONALISM
⮚ New Regionalism
-Tiny associations that include no more than a
few actors and focus on a single issue, or
-Huge continental unions that address a
multitude of common problems from territorial
defense to food security.
● CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES TO
REGIONALIZATION
-Resurgence of militant nationalism
-Populism
-Continuing financial crises
-Disagreements over to what extent should a
country would sacrifice their sovereignty for the
sake of regional stability
-Differing visions of what regionalism should be
for.
● THE ASEAN
Association of South-East Asian Nations
-A geopolitical and economic organization of ten
Southeast Asian countries
-Indonesia (1967) -Brunei (1984)
-Malaysia -Vietnam (1995)
-Philippines -Laos (1997)
-SIngapore -Myanmar (1997)
-Thailand -Cambodia (1999)
LESSON 6: THE ASEAN CHARTER
09/30/20
● PURPOSES
1. To maintain and enhance peace, security and
stability and further strengthen peace-oriented
values in the region;
2. To enhance regional resilience by promoting
greater political, security, economic and socio-
cultural cooperation;
3. To preserve Southeast Asia as a Nuclear
Weapon-Free Zone and free of all other weapons
of mass destruction;
4. To ensure that the peoples and Member States
of ASEAN live in peace with the world at large in a
just, democratic and harmonious environment;
8. To respond effectively, in accordance with the
principle of comprehensive security, to all forms
of threats, transnational crimes and
transboundary challenges;

5. To create a single market and production base

which is stable, prosperous, highly competitive
and economically integrated with effective
facilitation for trade and investment facilitated
movement of business persons, professionals,
talents and labour; and freer flow of capital;
6. To alleviate poverty and narrow and
development gap with ASEAN through mutual
assistance and cooperation
7. To strengthen democracy, enhance good
governance and the rule of law, and to promote
and protect human rights and fundamental
freedoms, with due regard to the rights and
responsibility of the Member States of ASEAN;

10. To develop human resources through closer

cooperation in education and life-long
learning,and in science and technology, for the
empowerment of the peoples of ASEAN and for
the strengthening of the ASEAN Community
11. To enhance the well -being and livelihood of
the people of ASEAN by providing them with
equitable access to opportunities for human
development, social welfare and justice;
12. To strengthen cooperation in building a safe,
secure and drug-free environment for the
peoples of ASEAN;

13. To promote a people-oriented ASEAN in

which all sectors of society are encouraged to
participate in, and benefit from, the process of
ASEAN integration and community building;
14. To promote an ASEAN identify through the
fostering of greater awareness of the diverse
culture and heritage of the region; and
15. To maintain the centrality and proactive role
of ASEAN as the primary driving force in its
relations and cooperation with its external
partners in a regional architecture that is open,
Transparent and inclusive.