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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Describing Motion
Science – Grade 7
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Describing Motion
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Analyn A. Separis
Editors: Honey Lynne A. Boyles, Romel S. Villarubia
Reviewers: Analyn A. Separis, Rose Lyn F. Gerona, Pausto L. Malngan Jr.
Illustrator: Roshcelle Dominic O. Medellin
Layout Artist: Analyn A. Separis
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
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Honey Lynne A. Boyles – Education Program Supervisor in Science
Lorna C. Ragos – Education Program Supervisor in LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region XI

Office Address: E-Park Apokon, Tagum City

Telefax: (084) -215-3504

E-mail Address: http://deped.tagumcity.gov.ph

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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Describing Motion
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Let Us Learn!

This module provides you with the scientific knowledge and skills
necessary to describe motion along a straight path. You will learn to describe
the motion of objects in terms of position, distance traveled, and speed. You
will also learn to analyze or represent the motion of objects using charts,
diagrams, and graphs. While these all provide the same information about
the motion of objects, you will find out that one may be more helpful than
the other depending on your particular objective.

You will find the answer to these questions as you go along. You will
journey in this module with this competency:

Create and interpret visual representation of the motion of objects

such as tape charts and motion graphs. (S7FE-IIIb-3)

Specifically, you will learn to:

1. differentiate distance and displacement;

2. describe speed and velocity through motion graphs; and

3. describe objects moving in acceleration through visual representation

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 Let Us Try!

You are now making your move towards completing this module!
How well do you know about motion?

Let us try to find out by answering the following questions. After

honestly answering this, you may check the answers in the last part of this
module.

Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer and write the letter of your choice on the blank
space before the number.

1. Which of the following is the scalar quantity?

a. displacement
b. force
c. velocity
d. speed

2. What is acceleration?
a. exert a force on another object.
b. create a balanced force on another object.
c. create an unbalanced force on another object.
d. change the speed or direction.

3. Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

a. acceleration
b. displacement
c. velocity
d. speed

4. Which one of the choices does not give you displacement, velocity, or
acceleration?
a. area under a velocity-time graph
b. slope of a velocity-time graph
c. slope of a position-time graph
d. area under a position-time graph

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5. Which change results in zero acceleration of a system?
a. a change in only the time interval in which direction and velocity are
measured
b. a change in only the direction of velocity
c. a change in only the magnitude of velocity
d. a change in both the magnitude and direction of velocity

6. The equations of motion apply only if

a. displacement is constant
b. motion is horizontal
c. acceleration is constant
d. velocity is constant

7. When a car’s velocity is negative and its acceleration is negative, what is

happening to the car’s motion?
a. The car slows down.
b. The car speeds up.
c. The car travels at constant speed.
d. The car remains at rest.

8. A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the

same spot as it returns to the mitt. At what point in the ball’s path does it
experience zero velocity and nonzero acceleration at the same time?
a. midway on the way up
b. at the top of its path
c. the instant it leaves the catcher’s hand
d. before it arrives in the catcher’s mitt

9. Which of the following are necessary factors to describe motion?

a. distance and time
b. time and speed
c. speed and distance
d. uniform speed

10. What is the change of an object's position as time passes according to

the position of another object?
a. speed
b. motion
c. time
d. distance

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 Let Us Study

Way to go! Let us level up!

Before you will be able to describe the motion of an object, you must
first be able to tell exactly where it is positioned. Describing exact position
entails two ideas: describing how far the object is from the point of reference
and describing its direction relative to that point of reference. You will learn
about the importance of point of reference and direction when you perform

Observe the diagram.

What is broken line indicates? Is it distance?
Yes or No, why? ___________________________________________________________
What is solid line indicates? Is it displacement?
Yes or No, why? ___________________________________________________________

As an object moves, its location changes. Two quantities are used to

describe the changing location. These quantities are distance and
displacement. Distance is the actual length of path covered by a moving
body irrespective of the direction in which it moves. It is a scalar quantity
that has magnitude but no direction. Displacement is the shortest distance
between the initial position and the final position of the moving body. It is a
vector quantity that has magnitude and direction.

The distance walked by the students is 14 meters. Remember that

distance is the total path covered by the moving object so, 10 meters + 4
meters is 14 meters.

The displacement is 12 meters Northeast (NE). Since displacement is a

vector quantity, it requires magnitude and direction.

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 Let Us Practice

Hello, guys! Are you excited? Well, you are about to engage in your
first activity. This activity will require focus and determination. Please be
patient at all times.

Good luck! Check it out.

Activity 1: Distance vs. Displacement

D C

A B

Look at the image above, a bunny travels from A to B, B to C,

C to D and D to A. Calculate the distance and displacement covered by the
bunny. Write your answer in the table below.

Include the direction

in the displacement

MOTION DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT

1. A-B 8 meters 8 meters E

2. A-B-C

3. A- B-C-D-A

4. A-B-C-D

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Answer the following questions below (Refer to Activity 1 answers)

1. What is the difference between distance and displacement?

___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. Can displacement be greater than distance? Why?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. When can displacement be equal to distance?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Speed and Velocity

How fast is the velocity changing?

In reality, objects do not always move at a constant velocity. Storms

like “Pablo” also do change their speeds, directions, or both. Activity 2 will
help you analyze examples of motion with changing velocities using motion
graphs.

Y Time is always plotted on the X-axis (bottom of

the graph). The further to the right on the axis,
the longer the time from the start.

Distance is plotted on the Y-axis (side of the

graph). The higher up the graph, the further
from the start.
X

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 Y

Constant speed is shown by straight lines on a graph

Point A – B = Time is increasing to the right, and distance is

increasing constantly with time. The object moves at a constant speed.

Point B – C = Time is increasing to the right, but its distance does not
change. It is not moving. We say it is At Rest.

Point C – D = Time is increasing to the right, and distance is

increasing constantly with time. The object moves at a constant speed and
returning to the initial position.

Point D – E = The line on this graph is curving upwards. This shows

an increase in speed, since the line is getting steeper:

In other words, in a given time, the distance the object moves is

change (getting larger). It is accelerating.

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Activity 2: Velocity-time Graph

Windsurfing speed change

A windsurfer is traveling along a straight line, and her motion is given

by the velocity graph below.

Answer the following questions by yes or no about the speed and

acceleration of the windsurfer.

A. Is speed increasing? Yes or No? _____________________________________

B. Is acceleration increasing? Yes or No? _______________________________

C. Is speed decreasing? Yes or No? _____________________________________

D. Is acceleration decreasing? Yes or No? _______________________________

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 Let Us Practice

Activity 1: Acceleration

The initial and final speed of a moving body at two different points in
time is shown below. The direction of the ball is indicated by the arrow.
Indicate if there is an acceleration and explain your answer.

Acceleration: Yes or No?

Answer: ______
Why? __________________

_______________________
_______________________

Acceleration: Yes or No?

Answer: ______

Why? __________________
_______________________
_______________________

Acceleration: Yes or No?

Answer: ______

Why? __________________
_______________________
_______________________

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 Acceleration: Yes or No?
Answer: ______

Why? __________________

_______________________
_______________________

Activity 2: Displacement – Time Graph

Are you ready to take a journey with graphical interpretation of

motion?
Go! Plot each graph for each of the scenarios below.

1. Waiting at the bus stop.

Go! Plot It!!

Go! Plot it!

2. Walking to the school canteen at a constant speed.

Go! Plot it!

Go! Plot It!!

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 3. A high speed train at its top speed

Go! Plot it!

4. On the return journey, the fire truck manage to

Maintain the speed limit all the way.

Go! Plot It!!

Go! Plot it!

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 Activity 3: Link the Story to the correct graph

1.
Story 1:

Pedro and Maria walked to the bus

stop in plenty of time for the school
A coach. After waiting a long time,
they discovered that it had been
cancelled so they sprinted home.

2. Story 2:
The rabbit challenge the turtle to a race.
The rabbit dashed off at breakneck
speed, then sat down behind a tree to
B rest. The Turtle crawled along slowly but
surely. Suddenly the rabbit woke up only
to find that the turtle waving at him from
the winning post.

3. Story 3:

The rush-hour train made the

journey at a reasonable speed, but
didn’t leave for the return journey
C until all the mail had been loaded.
Realizing he had to make up some
time, the driver took the opportunity
to test the train’s maximum speed.

Story 4:
Although Mark and Jenny had set out
D for the match at the same time, only
Mark arrive in time for kick-off. Jenny
was still a distance away and decided
that she really needs to exercise more
often.

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 Let Us Remember

Awesome! Now, let us gather what we have learned.

I Learned.

Thoroughly answer the questions below. You may use appropriate

academic vocabulary and construct clear and complete sentences.

Motions in One Dimension

1. What is motion?
2. What is position?
3. What is the difference between distance and displacement, speed
and velocity?
4. What is acceleration?

Activity 4: Let’s Summarize It!

Objective: To summarize the concepts behind motion.

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct sentence or word base on the
given clues on the box.

MOTION

is quantified by

which is which is
which is

Distance an
Rate of
object travels
per unit of
change of
The speed and velocity
time
direction of a
moving object

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 Let Us Assess

Congratulations! That was amazing. It’s time to try the fruit of our
journey!

Multiple Choice
Choose the correct answer and write the letter of your choice on the blank
space before the number.

1. When is an object considered to be in motion?

I. When its position changes with respect to a point of reference.
II. When its distance changes with respect to a point of reference.
III. When its direction changes with respect to a point of reference.

a. I and II only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. I, II, and III

2. Which of the following is true about an object that travels 5 meters to the
left, then 2 meters up, then another 5 meters to the right?
a. The displacement of the object is equal to 12 meters.
b. The total distance traveled by the object is equal to 12 meters.
c. The displacement of the object is equal to 12 meters down.
d. The total distance traveled by the object is equal to 12 meters down.

3. Which of the following graphs shows that the object’s motion is

accelerating?

4. The following distance-time graph shows a 100 m race among friends.

What was the outcome of the race?
a. Al won the race
b. Bob won the race
c. Charlie won the race
d. The race was three way tie

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5. Which vector diagram represents the greatest magnitude of displacement
for an object?

a. b. c. d.

6. The word "acceleration" means to

a. exert a force on another object.
b. create a balanced force on another object.
c. create an unbalanced force on another object.
d. change the speed or direction.

7. Which statement about the movement of object with zero acceleration is

true?
a. The object must be at rest. c. The object must be slowing down.
b. The object must be speeding up. d. The object may be stopping.

8. Which correctly describes the case of a uniformly accelerated motion?

a. distance increases at the same rate as time.
b. velocity increases at the same rate as time.
c. acceleration increases at the same rate as time.
d. force increases at the same rate as time.

9. An object can accelerate while moving at a constant speed. Which

situation illustrates this?
a. a car moving down a straight highway at a constant speed.
b. a roller coaster making a fast drive.
c. a bump car going in circles at a constant speed.
d. a bus going uphill at a constant speed.

10. Which pair of graphs represent the same motion?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

11. The force required to maintain an object at a constant speed in free

space is equal to.
a. zero
b. the mass of the object
c. the weight of the object
d. the force required to stop it

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12. Which of the following are necessary factors to describe motion?
a. distance and time
b. time and speed
c. speed and distance
d. uniform speed

13. What is the change of an object's position as time passes according to

the position of another object?
a. speed
b. motion
c. time
d. distance

14. What is the term that refers to the total distances covered by an object
divided by total time take to cover this distance?
a. average speed
b. motion
c. displacement
d. distance

15. What is the change of the object's position by equal distances at equal
periods of time?
a. non uniform speed
b. uniform speed
c. acceleration
d. distance

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 Let Us Enhance

Good Job Students! That was amazing. Keep it up!

Take the next page and read the information to add flavor to the
previously acquired knowledge. Savor the moment.

Graph Sketching and Recognition:

The following questions test your understanding of the graphical description

of motion.
Use the graph below to answer Questions #1 - #6.

1. Which object(s) is(are) maintaining a state of motion (i.e., maintaining a

constant velocity)? _________________________________________

2. Which object(s) is(are) accelerating? _________________________

3. Which object(s) is(are) not moving? __________________________

4. On average, which object is traveling fastest? ___________________

5. On average, which moving object is traveling slowest? ___________

6. Which object has the greatest acceleration? ____________________

Use the graph below to answer
Questions #7 - #13.

7. Which object(s) is(are) maintaining its state of motion?____________

8. Which object(s) is(are) accelerating?__________________________

9. Which object(s) is(are) not moving?___________________________

10. Which object has the greatest velocity?_______________________

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Some Examples from Real Life

A soccer ball is sitting at rest. It takes an unbalanced force of a kick to

change its motion.

Two teams are playing tug of war. They are both exerting equal force
on the rope in opposite directions. This balanced force results in no change
of motion.

Let Us Reflect

Congratulations! Might want to share your deep thought on this!

Motion in One Dimension

Why is important to know about the concepts of motion of objects in terms of

position, distance and displacement, speed and velocity, and acceleration?

Good job! That was amazing. You have accomplished the second module with
ease and enthusiasm.

Keep it up students.

CONGRATULATIONS!

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Activity 3
Let Us Study Activity 2
1. No, since the velocity did not change, there is no Options A, speed
acceleration. increasing, and D,
2. Yes, since the velocity changed (the object decreased its acceleration
speed), there is an acceleration. decreasing, are both
3. Yes, even though the car is moving at constant true.
acceleration; there has been a change in direction.
4. Yes, even though the initial and final speeds are the
same, there has been a change in direction for the
object. Thus, there is an acceleration.
Activity 1 Let Us Try
1. D
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
1.Displacement always follows a straight line. Distance does not 8. B
always follow a straight line. 9. A
Displacement measures the length of the straight line that 10. B
connects the object’s point of origin and its point of destination.
Distance measures the length of the path travelled by the object.
2.No, it can be shorter but it cannot be greater than the distance.
Displacement
is the shortest length between the object’s point of origin and its
point of destination.
3. When the path travelled is a straight line
Answer key to Activities
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Let Us Enhance Let Us Assess
1. B 1. D
2. C 2. B
3. A&E 3. C
4. B 4. A
5. C 5. D
6. C 6. D
7. A & E 7. A
8. B, C & D 8. B
9. E 9. C
10. A 10. C
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. B
 References

"LR Portal". 2020. Deped LR Portal. https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph.

Elert, Glenn. 2021. Graphs of Motion. The Physics Hypertextbook.

https://physics.info/motion-graphs/practice.shtml

Hewitt, P.G. 2000. Conceptual Physics: The high school physics program.
New Jersey: Prentice – Hall Inc. New Jersey

Curriculum Guide – DepEd K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Illustration images by Roshcelle Dominic O. Medellin

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI

E-Park, Apokon, Tagum City

Telefax: (084)-216-3504

Email Address: http://deped.tagumcity.gov.ph

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