Friday 28 May 2021

UNIT 5 ELECTRICITY

1. Electricity is a energy.
2. We use electrical energy every day.
3. Electrical energy is used to produce light, heat, sound and to move objects.
4. Below is the bubble map about sources of electrical energy.

Text book Internet

Power
Plant

Solar Cell
Generator

Sources
Of Electrical
Energy

Dry
Cell
Accumulator

Dynamo

Friend’s Parent’s
SERIES CIRCUIT AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT

1. Bulbs and other electrical component can be connected to two types of circuits.
They are series circuit and parallel circuit.

SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT

In a series circuit, each bulb is arranged In a parallel circuit, each bulb is arranged
in one chain. in several branches that are parallel to
each other.

Series circuit has a single path for the The electric current in a parallel circuit
electric current to flow. can flow in more than one path.
SKETCHING USING SYMBOLS

1. In a circuit diagram, electrical symbols are used to represent the components in an

electric circuit as shown in the picture below :

2. Sketching using the electrical symbols is easier to understand as compared to using

the pictures of actual components.

3. It shows the connections of the electrical components more clearly.

4. Sketch the diagram for series circuit and parallel circuit.

Series circuit picture Series circuit digram

Parallel circuit picture Parallel circuit digram
Wednesday 02.06.2021

THE BRIGHTNESS OF BULBS

1.It looks like the bulbs arranged in the parallel circuit are brighter than the bulbs
arranged in the series circuits.

2.Why do the bulbs arranged in the parallel circuit light brighter?

Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

The series circuit has one path for the The parallel circuit has more than one
electric current to flow. path for the electric current flow.

All the bulbs share the electric current. The total electrical energy that flows
through each path is the same.
This causes bulbs A and B to be dimmer
than the bulbs arranged in the parallel This causes bulbs C and D to be brighter
circuit. than the bulbs arranged in the series
circuit.
Scientific Methodology of the experimet
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE BRIGHTNESS OF BULBS

Increasing the number of dry cells

. SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT

*The increase in the number of dry cells *The increase in the number of dry cells
will provide more electrical energy to will provide more electrical energy to
the circuit. the circuit.

*As the number of dry cells increases, the *The increased amount of electric current
brightness of the bulbs in a series circuit that flows in each branch of the circuit
also increases. causes the bulbs to lit up brighter.

*As the number of dry cells increases, the

brightness of the bulbs in a parallel
circuit also increases.

Increasing the number of bulbs

. SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT

*The brightness of the bulbs in a series
circuit will decrease if the number of
bulbs increases.
*A parallel circuit has more than one path
for the electric current to flow.
Therefore, the total amount of electricity
that flows in each path is the same.

*When the number of bulbs increases, the

brightness of the bulbs in a parallel
circuit does not change.
 Closed switch and opened switch

.
SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT

* When switch X in the first branch of

the electric circuit is opened, bulb A in
the first branch does not light up because
the circuit on this branch becomes an
incomplete circuit and the electric current
cannot flow through it.

* Bulb B in the second branch of the

electric circuit still lights up because
electric current can flow through this
branch.

* When either switch X or Y is opened,

both bulbs do not light up. This is
because the circuit has become an
incomplete circuit and electric current
cannot flow.

* The condition of the bulbs when one of

the switches is opened or closed in the
series circuit.

* When switch Y in the second branch of

the electric circuit is opened, bulb B in
the second branch does not light up
because the circuit on this branch
becomes an incomplete circuit and the
electric current cannot flow through it.

* Bulb A in the first branch of the electric

circuit still lights up because electric
current can still flow through this branch.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE USAGE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

1. Electrical energy makes our life easier and comfortable.

2. The mishandling of electrical appliances causes higher usage of electrical energy.

3. We have to pay the cost of the electrical energy used.

4. Using electrical energy wisely can reduce our monthly electricity bill.

5. Ways to save electrical energy are as below :