Jurisdiction of Supreme Court

Original Jurisdiction

 cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; and original and exclusive jurisdiction in
petitions for the issuance of writs of certiorari, prohibition and mandamus against the Court of Appeals.

Original and Concurrent jurisdiction

 in petition for the issuance of writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus
 In actions brought to prevent and restrain violations of law concerning monopolies and combinations in
restraint of trade

Exclusive Jurisdiction

 to review, revise, reverse, modify or affirm on appeal, as the law or rules of court may provide, final judgments
and decrees of inferior courts:
 All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, law, ordinance, or executive order or
regulation is in question
 All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment or toil, or any penalty imposed
 All cases in which the jurisdiction of any inferior court is in issue
 All other cases in which only errors or questions of law are involved: Provided, However, That if, in
addition to constitutional, tax or jurisdictional questions, the cases mentioned in the three next
preceding paragraphs also involve questions of fact or mixed questions of fact and law, the aggrieved
party shall appeal to the Court of Appeals; and the final judgment or decision of the latter may be
reviewed, revised, reversed, modified or affirmed by the Supreme Court on writ of certiorari
 Final awards, judgments, decisions, or orders of the Commission on Elections, Court of Tax Appeals,
Court of Industrial Relations, the Public Service Commission and the Workmen’s Compensation
Commission

Jurisdiction of Court of Appeals

Original jurisdiction

 to issue writs of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, and quo warranto, and other ancilliary writs
or processes whether or not in aid of its appellate jurisdiction

Exclusive original jurisdiction

 over actions for annulment of judgments of Regional Trial Courts

Exclusive appellate jurisdiction

 over all other final judgments, decisions, resolutions, orders or awards of Regional Trial Courts and quasi-
judicial agencies, boards, commissions or offices not falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court or other tribunals
 Authority to receive other evidence and perform acts necessary for the resolution of factual issues raised in
cases falling within its original and appellate jurisdiction
 Authority to receive newly discovered evidence relied upon by the movant in cases within its appellate
jurisdiction wherein new trial has been granted by the Court

 The power to —

 Decide cases or resolve incidents deliberated upon by its members

 Cite and punish for contempt any person guilty of any contumacious act against the Court, its Division
or any member thereof in connection with a case cognizable by the Division
  Decide whether or not to give due course to original petitions, including petitions for review

 Subject to constitutional and statutory requirements, adopt its own rules in the conduct of hearings,
preparation of agenda, determination of cases and incidents and rendition of decisions or resolutions.
(Sec. 3, Rule 2, RIRCA)

Jurisdiction of Court of Tax Appeals

Exclusive appellate jurisdiction

 To review by appeal
 Decisions of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed assessments, refunds of
internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties imposed in relation thereto, or other matters
arising under the National Internal Revenue Code or other law or part of law administered by the
Bureau of Internal Revenue
 Decisions of the Commissioner of Customs in cases involving liability for customs duties, fees or other
money charges; seizure, detention or release of property affected; fines, forfeitures or other penalties
imposed in relation thereto; or other matters arising under the Customs Law or other law or part of
law administered by the Bureau of Customs [Rep. Act. No. 1125, (1954), Sec. 7]
 In automatic review cases where such decisions of the Commission of Customs favorable to the
taxpayer is elevated to the Secretary of Finance (Sec. 2315, TCC)
 Decisions of the Secretary of Trade and Industry, in the case of non-agricultural product, commodity or
article, or the Secretary of Agriculture, in the case of agricultural product, commodity or article, in
connection with the imposition of the Anti-Dumping Duty, Countervailing and Safeguard Duty
[Republic Act Nos. 8751 and 8752, (1999) Sec. 301 (a) and (p), and Republic Act 8800]

 Original Appellate Jurisdiction

 criminal cases involving violations of the National Internal Revenue Code and the Tariff and Customs
Code
 Decisions of the Regional Trial Courts (RTC) in local tax cases
 Decisions of the Central Board of Assessment Appeals (CBAA) in cases involving the assessment and
taxation of real property
 Collection of internal revenue taxes and customs duties the assessment of which have already become
final.

Jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan

 Exclusive Original Jurisdiction

 Violations of Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, otherwise known as the Anti-Graft and Corrupt
Practices Act, Republic Act No. 1379, and Chapter II, Section 2, Title VII, Book II of the Revised Penal
Code, where one or more of the accused are officials occupying the following positions in the
government, whether in a permanent, acting or interim capacity, at the time of the commission of the
offense
 Other offenses or felonies whether simple or complexed with other crimes committed by the public
officials and employees mentioned in subsection a. of this section in relation to their office.
 Civil and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with Executive Order Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A,
issued in 1986

Provided, That the Regional Trial Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction where the information:
(a) does not allege any damage to the government or any bribery; or (b) alleges damage to the
government or bribery arising from the same or closely related transactions or acts in an amount not
exceeding One million pesos (P1,000,000.00).
  "The Sandiganbayan shall exercise exclusive appellate jurisdiction over final judgments, resolutions or
orders of regional trial courts whether in the exercise of their own original jurisdiction or of their
appellate jurisdiction as herein provided.
 "The Sandiganbayan shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over petitions for the issuance of the
writs of mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, habeas corpus, injunctions, and other ancillary writs and
processes in aid of its appellate jurisdiction and over petitions of similar nature, including quo
warranto, arising or that may arise in cases filed or which may be filed under Executive Order Nos. 1, 2,
14 and 14-A, issued in 1986: Provided, That the jurisdiction over these petitions shall not be exclusive
of the Supreme Court.

Jurisdiction of Regional Trial Court

 Jurisdiction in civil cases

1. In all civil actions in which the subject of the litigation is incapable of pecuniary estimation
2. in all civil actions which involve the title to, or possession of, real property, or any interest therein, where
the assessed value of the property involved exceeds Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000,00) except
actions for forcible entry into and unlawful detainer of lands or buildings, original jurisdiction over which
is conferred upon the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts
3. In all actions in admiralty and maritime jurisdiction where the demand or claim exceeds Two million
pesos (2,000,000.00)
4. In all matters of probate, both testate and intestate, where the gross value of the estate exceeds Two
million pesos (2,000,000.00)
5. In all actions involving the contract of marriage and marital relations
6. In all cases not within the exclusive jurisdiction of any court, tribunal, person or body exercising
jurisdiction of any court, tribunal, person or body exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions
7. In all civil actions and special proceedings falling within the exclusive original jurisdiction of a Juvenile
and Domestic Relations Court and of the Court of Agrarian Relations as now provided by law
8. In all other cases in which the demand, exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind, attorney's fees,
litigation expenses, and costs or the value of the property in controversy exceeds Two million pesos
(2,000,000.00)
 Jurisdiction in criminal cases
 shall exercise exclusive original jurisdiction in all criminal cases not within the exclusive
jurisdiction of any court, tribunal or body, except those now falling under the exclusive and
concurrent jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan which shall hereafter be exclusively taken
cognizance of by the latter
 Original jurisdiction in other cases
 In the issuance of writs of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, habeas corpus
and injunction which may be enforced in any part of their respective regions
 In actions affecting ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls

 Appellate jurisdiction
 Regional Trial Courts shall exercise appellate jurisdiction over all cases decided by Metropolitan Trial
Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in their respective territorial jurisdictions.
Such cases shall be decided on the basis of the entire record of the proceedings had in the court of origin
and such memoranda and/or briefs as may be submitted by the parties or required by the Regional Trial
Courts. The decision of the Regional Trial Courts in such cases shall be appealable by petition for review to
the Intermediate Appellate Court which may give it due course only when the petition shows prima facie
that the lower court has committed an error of fact or law that will warrant a reversal or modification of the
decision or judgment sought to be reviewed

 Special jurisdiction to try special cases

 The Supreme Court may designate certain branches of the Regional Trial Courts to handle exclusively
criminal cases, juvenile and domestic relations cases, agrarian cases, urban land reform cases which do not
 fall under the jurisdiction of quasi-judicial bodies and agencies, and/or such other special cases as the
Supreme Court may determine in the interest of a speedy and efficient administration of justice

 Special Rules of Procedure

 Whenever a Regional Trial Court takes cognizance of juvenile and domestic relation cases and/or agrarian
cases, the special rules of procedure applicable under present laws to such cases shall continue to be
applied, unless subsequently amended by law or by rules of court promulgated by the Supreme Court

Jurisdiction of Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts

 In Criminal Cases
 Exclusive original jurisdiction over all violations of city or municipal ordinances committed within
their respective territorial jurisdiction
 Exclusive original jurisdiction over all offenses punishable with imprisonment not exceeding six
(6) years irrespective of the amount of fine, and regardless of other imposable accessory or other
penalties, including the civil liability arising from such offenses or predicated thereon, irrespective
of kind, nature, value or amount thereof: Provided, however, That in offenses involving damage to
property through criminal negligence, they shall have exclusive original jurisdiction thereof

 In Civil Cases
 Exclusive original jurisdiction over civil actions and probate proceedings, testate and intestate,
including the grant of provisional remedies in proper cases, where the value of the personal
property, estate, or amount of the demand does not exceed Two million pesos (P2,000,000.00)
exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind, attorney's fees, litigation expenses, and costs, the
amount of which must be specifically alleged: Provided, That interest, damages of whatever kind,
attorney's fees, litigation expenses, and costs shall be included in the determination of the filing
fees: Provided, further, That where there are several claims or causes of actions between the same
or different parties, embodied in the same complaint, the amount of the demand shall be the
totality of the claims in all the causes of action, irrespective of whether the causes of action arose
out of the same or different transaction
 Exclusive original jurisdiction over cases of forcible entry and unlawful detainer: Provided, that
when, in such cases, the defendant raises the questions of ownership in his pleadings and the
question of possession cannot be resolved without deciding the issue of ownership, the issue of
ownership shall be resolved only to determine the issue of possession
 Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil actions which involve title to, or possession of, real
property, or any interest therein where the assessed value of the property or interest therein does
not exceed Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000) exclusive of interest, damages of whatever
kind, attorney's fees, litigation expenses and costs: Provided, That in cases of land not declared for
taxation purposes, the value of such property shall be determined by the assessed value of the
adjacent lots
 Exclusive original jurisdiction in admiralty and maritime actions where the demand or claim does
not exceed Two million pesos (P2,000,000)