ES103 ElectricalLab RudrakshiGhosh AIR

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Name: RUDRAKSHI GHOSH

Enrollment Number: A91011252002
Department: IBtech + Mtech(AIR)
Subject Code: ES103
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl Experiment name Page

no. number
1 Introduction to LTSPICE 3 - 14
2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 15 - 56
3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 57 - 78
4 Superposition Theorem 79 - 86
5 Thevenin and Norton’s 87 - 92

Theorem
6 Maximum Power Transfer 93 – 113
7 Reciprocity Theorem 114 – 119
8 RC Circuit 120 – 122
9 Resonant frequency of series 123 - 128

RLC circuit
10 Study of parallel RLC Circuit 129 - 136
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EXPERIMENT 1
Introduction to LTSPICE
AIM:
Familiarization with circuit simulation
using LTSPICE.
THEORY:
Simulation is an approximate imitation of
the operation of a process or system that
represents its operation over time.
Simulations are characterized by their
non-linear nature and by then controlled
ambiguity within which students must
make decisions.
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SPICE ("Simulation Program with
Integrated Circuit Emphasis") is a general-
purpose, open source analog electronic
circuit simulator. It is a program used in
integrated circuit and board-level design
to check the integrity of circuit designs
and to predict circuit behaviour.
LTspice is a SPICE-based analog electronic

circuit simulator computer software.
LTspice provides schematic capture to
enter an electronic schematic for an
electronic circuit, an enhanced SPICE type
analog electronic circuit simulator, and a
waveform viewer to show the results of the
simulation. Circuit simulation analysis
based on transient, noise, AC, DC, DC
transfer function, DC operating point can
be performed and plotted as well as fourier
analysis.
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CIRCUITS AND OUTPUTS:
1. A 125V battery is connected to a 20Ω,
30Ω, 50Ω, and 60Ω resistor in the given
circuit.
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2. A 10V battery is connected to a 1Ω, 2 Ω,
3 Ω and 4 Ω resistor in the given circuit.
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3. A 18V battery is connected to a 3Ω, 6 Ω,
9 Ω, 12 Ω and 15 Ω resistor in the given
circuit.
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4. A 9V battery is connected to an 1Ω, 3Ω,
5Ω, and 7Ω resistor in the given circuit.
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5. A 12V battery is connected to a
6Ω,12Ω,12Ω resistor in the given circuit.
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420Ω, 69Ω, 143Ω resistor in the given
circuit.
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7. A 12V battery is connected 3Ω, 7Ω, 20Ω,
23Ω resistor in the given circuit.
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3Ω, 9Ω,20Ω,25Ω resistor in the given
circuit.
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9. Two 50V batteries connected in
parallel are connected to 61Ω,63Ω,65Ω
and 67Ω resistors in the given circuit.
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10. A 76V battery is connected to an 8Ω,
78Ω, and 45Ω resistor in the given
circuit.
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EXPERIMENT 2
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
AIM:
To verify Kirchhoff’s current Law.
THEORY:
Kirchhoff's current law (1st Law) states
that the current flowing into a node (or
a junction) must be equal to the
current flowing out of it. This is a
consequence of charge conservation.
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This can be generalised to the case
with n, wires all connected at a node by
writing:
k=1∑n Ik=0
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Circuit 1.1
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Observation Table 1.1:
Sl Outgoing Incoming I-IV1

no. current current
IR1 IR2 (in Total IV1
(in mA) (I) (in
mA) mA)
1 -250 -35.7 -285.7 -285.7 0
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Circuit 1.2
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Observation Table 1.2
no. current current
(in mA) (I) (in
mA) mA)
1 -500 -71.4 -571.4 -571.4 o
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Circuit 2.1
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Sl Outgoing current Incoming I-IV1
no. current
IR1 (in IR2 (in Total IV1
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -5000 -555.5 -5555.5 -5555.5 0
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Circuit 2.2
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no. current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 10000 -1111.1 11,111.1 -11,111.1 0
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Circuit 3.1
``
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no. current current
IR1 IR3 (in Total IR2
(in mA) (I) (in
mA) mA)
1 -215.1 -26.9 -242 -242 0
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Circuit 3.2
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no. current
IR1 (in IR3 (in Total IR2
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -430.1 -53.7 -483.8 -483.8 0
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Circuit 4.1
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no. current current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -316.4 -189.8 -506.2 -506.2 0
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Circuit 4.2
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no. current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -632.9 -379.7 -1012.6 -1012.6 0
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Circuit 5.1
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no. current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -208.3 -208.3 -416.6 -416.6 0
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Circuit 5.2
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no. current current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -416.6 -416.6 -833.3 -833.3 0
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Circuit 6.1
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no. current current
(in mA) (I) (in
mA) mA)
1 -11.9 -21.5 -33.4 -33.4 0
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Circuit 6.2
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no. current current
(in mA) (I) (in
mA) mA)
1 -23.9 -43.1 -67 -67 0
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Circuit 7.1
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no. current current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -108.7 -714.3 -822.6 -822.6 0
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Circuit 7.2
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no. current current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -217.3 1.4 -1.6 -1.6 0
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Circuit 8.1
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no. current current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -33.8 -25.4 -59.2 -59.2 0
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Circuit 8.2
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no. current current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -67.8 -50.8 -118.6 -118.6 0
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Circuit 9.1
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no. current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -2500 -116.2 -2616.2 -2616.2 0
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Circuit 9.2
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no. current
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -5000 -232.5 -5232.5 -5232.5 0
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Circuit 10.1
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no. current
IR2(in IR3 (in Total IR1
mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 43.8 14.1 57.9 58 0
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Circuit 10.2
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Observation 10.2
no. current
IR2(in IR3 (in Total IR1

mA) mA) (I) (in
mA)
1 -87.8 -28.3 -116.1 -116.1 0
Conclusion:
Hence, Kirchhoff’s Current Law is proved.
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EXPERIMENT 3
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
AIM:
To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.
THEORY:
According to Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, the
voltage around a loop equals to the sum of
every voltage drop in the same loop for
any closed network and equals to zero.
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Circuit 1:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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Observation Table 1:
Sl V R1 (in R2 (in R3 (n R4 (in I (in V=IR V(i)-
no. (in ohm) ohm) ohm) ohm) A) (eq) V(d)
V) (in V)
1 5 20 30 50 60 0.285 4.987 0.013
2 10 20 30 50 60 0.571 9.992 0.008
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Circuit 2:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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V) (in V)
1 5 1 2 3 4 5.555 4.999 0.001
2 10 1 2 3 4 11.111 9.999 0.001
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Circuit 3:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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Sl V R1 (in R2 (in R3 (n R4 (in R5 I (in V=IR V(i)-
no. (in ohm) ohm) ohm) ohm) (in A) (eq) V(d)
V) ohm (in V)
1 5 3 6 9 12 15 0.241 4.82 0.18
2 10 3 6 9 12 15 0.483 9.66 0.34
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Circuit 4:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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V) (in V)
1 5 1 3 5 7 0.506 4.958 0.042
2 10 1 3 5 7 1.012 9.917 0.083
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Circuit 5:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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Sl V R1 (in R2 (in R3 (n I (in A) V=IR V(i)-
no. (in ohm) ohm) ohm) (eq) V(d) (in
V) V)
1 5 6 12 12 0.416 4.992 0.008
2 10 6 12 12 0.833 9.996 0.004
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Circuit 6:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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V) (in V)
1 5 20 420 69 143 0.033 4.917 0.083
2 10 20 420 69 143 0.066 9.834 0.166
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Circuit 7:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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V) (in V)
1 5 3 20 7 23 0.822 4.989 0.011
2 10 3 20 7 23 1.645 9.985 0.015
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Circuit 8:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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no. (in ohm) ohm) ohm) (eq) V(d)
V) (in V)
1 5 50 60 80 0.059 4.967 0.033
2 10 50 60 80 0.118 9.935 0.065
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Circuit 9:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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Observation Table:
V) (in V)
1 5 2 17 26 2.616 4.970 0.03
2 10 2 17 26 5.232 9,940 0.06
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Circuit 10:
With 5V:
With 10V:
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V) (in V)
1 5 71 20 62 0.058 4.994 0.006
2 10 71 20 62 0.116 9.989 0.011
Conclusion:
Hence, Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law is verified.
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EXPERIMENT 4
Superposition Theorem
Aim:
Verification of superposition theorem.
Theorem:
Superposition Theorem states that in a
network of linear resistances containing
more than one current source, the current
which flow at any point is sum of all the
currents which flow at that point if sources
were considered separately, and all other
sources were replaced for the time being
by resistances equal to their internal
resistances.
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Circuit 1:
Sl V1 (in V2 RL I (in I1 (in I2 (in I1+I2 |I-
no. V) (in (in mA) mA) mA) (in (I1+I2)|
V) Ω) mA) (in
mA)
1 5 15 20 400 100 300 400 0
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Circuit 2:
Sl V1 V2 RL I (in I1 (in I2 (in I1+I2 |I-
no. (in (in (in mA) mA) mA) (in (I1+I2)|
V) V) Ω) mA) (in
mA)
1 5 15 40 222.2 55.5 166.6 222.2 0.1
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Circuit 3:
Sl V1 (in V2 RL I (in I1 (in I2 (in I1+I2 |I-
no. V) (in (in mA) mA) mA) (in (I1+I2)
V) Ω) mA) | (in
mA)
1 5 15 60 153.8 38.4 115.3 153.7 0.1
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Circuit 4:
1. With RL=4Ω
2. With RL=8Ω
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3. With RL=12Ω
Sl V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 RL I (in I1 (in I2 (in I3 (in I4 (in I5 (in I1+I2+I3+I4+I5 |I-
n (in (in (in (in (in (in A) A) A) A) A) A) (I1+
o V) V) V) V) V) Ω) I2+I
3+I
4+I
5) |
1 20 30 5 5 5 4 - - 0.8027 - - - -1.8227 0
1.8227 1.0033 0.6689 0.4181 0.5351
2 20 30 5 5 5 8 - - 0.5228 - - - -1.1872 0.0

1.1873 0.653 0.4357 0.272 0.348 00
5 3 5 1
3 20 30 5 5 5 12 - - 0.3877 -0.3231 - - -0..8803 0.0
0.880 0.484 0.201 0.258 00
4 6 9 4 1
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Conclusion:
Hence, superposition theorem is verified.
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EXPERIMENT 5
Thevenin and Norton’s Theorem
AIM:
To verify Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems
for the given circuit.
THEORY:
Thevenin’s Theorem states that any
complicated network across its load
terminals can be substituted by a voltage
source with one resistance in series.
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Norton’s Theorem states that a linear active
network consisting of the independent or
dependent voltage source and current
sources and the various circuit elements can
be substituted by an equivalent circuit
consisting of a current source in parallel with
a resistance.
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CIRCUITS AND OUTPUTS
Circuit 1:
When V =10V,
Vth = 3.6363V, IN = 0.7999A
Rth = RN = 4.5454Ω
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Circuit 2:
When V=20V,
Vth = 7.2727V, IN = 1.5999A
Rth = RN = 4.5454Ω
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Circuit 3:
When V= 30V,
Vth = 10.9090V, IN = 2.4000A
Rth = RN = 4.5454 Ω
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Conclusion:
According to Thevenin's Theorem, any
linear circuit, no matter how complex, can
be simplified to an analogous circuit with
only a single voltage source and series
resistance connected to a load.
Throughout this experiment, the
resistances are reduced to only one: Rth.
The value of Rth obtained by calculation is
the same as the value obtained by
measurement, implying that Thevenin's
Theorem is valid.
Norton's resistance RN is equivalent to
Thevenin's resistance Rth; they both reflect
the resistance at the terminals of the LEC
(linear electrical circuit) when all of the
LEC's sources are deactivated: voltage
sources are shortened, and current sources
are opened.
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EXPERIMENT 6
Maximum Power Transfer
AIM:
To prove maximum power transfer
theorem.
THEORY:
Maximum power transfer theorem states
that a resistive load will abstract maximum
power from a network as viewed from the
output terminals, with all energy sources
removed leaving behind their internal
resistances.
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CIRCUIT 1:
1. With 10V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth:
1/R= (1/5+1/10) = 3/10
R= 10/3
R’= R+5= 10/3+5= 25/3
1/Rth= 1/R’+1/10= 11/50
Rth= 50/11= 4.5454 Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=4.5454
IRL1= 0.399991A
RL1=4.5454 Ω
P1= {(0.399991) ^2} *4.5454 = 0.7272W
When RL2<Rth
IRL2= 0.481912A
RL2=3Ω
P2= {(0.481912) ^2}*3 = 0.6967W
When RL3>Rth
IRL3= 0.344806A
RL3=6 Ω
P3= {(0.344506) ^2} *6 = 0.7133W
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2. With 20V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth:
1/R= (1/5+1/10)= 3/10
R= 10/3
R’= R+5= 10/3+5= 25/3
1/Rth= 1/R’+1/10= 11/50
Rth= 50/11= 4.5454 Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=4.5454
IRL1= 0.800015A
RL1= 4.5454Ω
P1= {(0.80015) ^2} *4.5454 = 2.9091W
When RL2<Rth
IRL2=0.963840A
RL2= 3Ω
P2= {(0.963840) ^2} *3 = 2.7869W
When RL3>Rth
IRL3= 0.689653A
RL3= 6 Ω
P3= {(0.689653) ^2} *6 = 2.8537W
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3. With 30V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth:
1/R= (1/5+1/10) = 3/10 Ω
R= 10/3 Ω
R’= R+5= 10/3+5= 25/3 Ω
1/Rth= 1/R’+1/10= 11/50 Ω
Rth= 50/11= 4.5454 Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=4.5454 Ω
IRL1 = 1.199971A
RL1 = 4.5454 Ω
P1= {(1.199971) ^2} *4.5454 = 6.5450W
When RL2<Rth:
IRL2 = 1.445759A
RL2 = 3 Ω
P2= {(1.445759) ^2} *3 = 6.2706W
When RL3>Rth:
IRL3 = 1.034452A
RL3 =6 Ω
P3 = {(1.034452) ^2} *6 = 6.4205
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CIRCUIT 2:
1. With 6V & 8V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth:
R= 15+6 = 21Ω
1/Rth= 1/21+1/3 = 8/21 Ω
Rth= 21/8 =2.625Ω
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Power:
IRL1 = 1.380949A
RL1 =2.625 Ω
P1 = {(1.380949) ^2} *2.625 = 5.0059W
When RL2<Rth :
IRL2 = 2.000066A
RL2 = 1 Ω
P2 = {(2.000066) ^2} *1 = 4.0002W
When RL3>Rth :
IRL3 =1.288921A
RL3 = 3 Ω
P3 = {(1.288912) ^2} *3 = 4.9839W
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2. With 6V & 16V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth :
R= 15+6 = 21Ω
1/Rth= 1/21+1/3 = 8/21 Ω
Rth= 21/8 =2.625Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=2.625
IRL1 = 2.904864A
RL1 = 2.625 Ω
P1 = {(2.904864) ^2} *2.625 = 22.1503W
When RL2<Rth :
IRL2 = 4.207042A
RL2 = 1 Ω
P2 = {(4.207042) ^2} *1 = 17.6992W
When RL3>Rth :
IRL3 = 2.711191A
RL3 = 3 Ω
P3 = {(2.711191) ^2} *3 = 22.0516W
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3. With 6V & 24V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth :
R= 15+6 = 21Ω
1/Rth= 1/21+1/3 = 8/21 Ω
Rth= 21/8 =2.625Ω
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Power:
IRL1 = 4.428722A
RL1 = 2.625 Ω
P1 = {(4.428722) ^2} *2.625 = 51.4856W
When RL2<Rth :
IRL2 = 6.41377A
RL2 = 1 Ω
P2 = {(6.41377) ^2} *1 = 41.1364W
When RL3>Rth :
IRL3 = 4.133387A
RL3 = 3 Ω
P3 = {(4.133387) ^2} *3 = 51.2546
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CIRCUIT 3:
1. With 10V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth :
1/Rth = 1/20 + 1/90 + 1/60 + 1/180 = 15/180 Ω
Rth = 180/15 = 12 Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=12 Ω
IRL1 = 0.249967A
RL1= 12 Ω
P1 = {(0.249967) ^2} *12 = 0.7498W
When RL2<Rth :
IRL2 = 0.249989A
RL2 = 11 Ω
P2 = {(0.249989) ^2} *11 = 0.6874W
When RL3>Rth :
IRL3 = 0.249979A
RL3 = 13 Ω
P3 ={(0.249979)^2}*13 =0.8123W
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2. With 20V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth :
1/Rth = 1/20 + 1/90 + 1/60 + 1/180 = 15/180 Ω
Rth = 180/15 = 12 Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=12 Ω
IRL1 = 0.499967A
RL1 = 12 Ω
P1 = {(0.499967) ^2} *12 = 2.9996W
When RL2<Rth :
IRL2 = 0.521712A
RL2 = 11 Ω
P2 = {(0.521712) ^2} *11 = 2.9940W
When RL3>Rth :
IRL3 = 0.479970A
RL3 = 13 Ω
P3 = {(0.479970) ^2} *13 = 2.9948W
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3. With 30V:
CALCULATIONS:
Rth :
1/Rth = 1/20 + 1/90 + 1/60 + 1/180 = 15/180 Ω
Rth = 180/15 = 12 Ω
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Power:
When RL1=Rth=12 Ω
IRL1 = 0.749989A
RL1 = 12 Ω
P1 = {(0.749989) ^2} *12 = 6.7498W
When RL2<Rth :
IRL2 = 0.782591A
RL2 = 11 Ω
P2 = {(0.782591) ^2} *11 =6.7369W
When RL3>Rth :
IRL3 = 0.7200006A
RL3 =13 Ω
P3 = {(0.7200006) ^2} *13 = 6.7393
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CONCLUSION:
The maximum power is abstracted when
the load resistance (RL) is equal to Rth, as
determined by the above circuit
simulations. The maximum power transfer
theorem is therefore proven.
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EXPERIMENT 7
Reciprocity Theorem
AIM:
Simulate 3 circuits and verify reciprocity
theorem, taking three different input
voltages in each case.
THEORY:
The Reciprocity Theorem states that if an
emf E in one branch of a reciprocal
network causes a current I in another, then
moving the emf E from the first to the
second branch causes the same current in
the first branch, where the emf has been
replaced by a short circuit.
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Circuit 1:
Sl.no Voltage(V) Current(A) Voltage/Current
1 30 2.4324 12.333
2 30 2.4324 12.333
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Circuit 2:
1 10 0.8108 12.333
2 10 0.8108 12.333
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Circuit 3:
1 20 1.6216 12.333
2 20 1.6216 12.333
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CONCLUSION:
After the locations of the voltage source and
the ammeter are swapped, the ratio of
voltage and current in the circuit is found to
be equal to the ratio of voltage and current
in that circuit. As a result, the reciprocity
theorem is proven.
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Experiment 8
RC Circuit
AIM:
Simulate 1 RC circuit and analyse its ‘F vs I’
and ‘F vs V’ characteristics.
THEORY:
An RC circuit, RC filter, or RC network is
made up of a pure resistance R in ohm and a
pure capacitance C in farad. It consists of a
resistor as well as a capacitor. A capacitor
can store energy, and a resistor connected to
it in series can monitor how quickly it
charges or discharges.
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The RC signal filters the signals by blocking
some frequencies while allowing others to
pass through. Signal selection and noise
rejection are the primary functions of RC
filters. The high-pass and low-pass filters are
the most popular RC filters.
The high pass filter allows frequencies

greater than the fixed cut-off frequency to
pass through, whereas frequencies lower
than the fixed cut-off frequency are blocked.
On the other side, the low-pass filter allows
frequencies below the fixed cut-off
frequency to cross, thus attenuating
frequencies above the fixed cut-off
frequency.
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Circuit 1:
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Experiment 9
Resonant Frequency of series RLC

circuit
AIM:
Simulate 1 series RLC circuit, experimentally
determine its resonant frequency and
compare this to its expected resonant
frequency.
THEORY:
As shown in the figure below, resistance,
inductance, and capacitance are connected
in series through an alternating current
supply with an RMS voltage of V.
Let,
VR = I.R = voltage drop across R —in phase
with I
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VL = I.XL = voltage drop across L —leading I by
π/2
VC = I.XC = voltage drop across C —lagging I
by π/2
Figure (b) shows a voltage triangle in which
OA represents VR and AB and AC represent
inductive and capacitive drops, respectively.
VL and VC are 180° out of phase with each
other, i.e., they are in direct contrast to each
other. We get the net reactive decrease, AD
= I (XL – XC), by subtracting BD (= AC) from
AB.
OD represents the applied voltage V, which
is the vector sum of OA and AD.
Therefore,
OD = √OA2 + AD2
Or V = √(IR) 2 + (IXL − IXC)2
Or V = I√(R)2 + (XL − XC)2
Or I = V √(R)2+(XL−XC)2
Or I = V √(R)2+(X)2
124 | P a g e
Or I = V Z where, [X = XL - XC = Net reactance]
[Z = √(R)2 + (XL − XC)2 = Impedance]
The resonant frequency is the frequency at
which the RMS voltage of the series RLC
circuit reaches its maximum value. In other
words, the resonant frequency is the
frequency at which the net reactance of the
series RLC circuit is zero (f0).
Therefore: XL - XC = 0
or XL = XC
or ω0L = 1 w0C
or w02 = 1 LC
or (2πf0)2 = 1 LC
or f0 = 1 2π√LC {If L is in henry and C in farad,
then f0 will be in hertz.}
125 | P a g e
126 | P a g e
Circuit 1:
Resonant frequency, f0 = 155.15291Hz
127 | P a g e
CALCULATIONS:
Resonant frequency, f0 = 1 2π√LC
In circuit 1:
L = 70mH = 70 × 10-3 H
C = 15μF = 15 × 10-6 F
Therefore
f0 = 1 2π√ (70 X 10−3 X 15 X 10−6)
f0 = 155.3193 Hz
CONCLUSION :
The experimental value of the resonant
frequency in the series RLC circuit is found
to be approximately equal to its predicted
value.
128 | P a g e
Experiment 10
Study of Parallel RLC Circuit
AIM:
To Study and Simulate Parallel RLC Circuit
in LT Spice.
THEORY:
RLC Circuit in Parallel: To link the resistor,
inductor, and capacitor in parallel, a
voltage supply is used. The parallel RLC
circuit's polar opposite is the series RLC
circuit. Although the supply current is
isolated, the applied voltage remains
constant across all components.
129 | P a g e
Since the current flowing in the resistor,
inductor, and capacitor are not in the
same phase with each other, they cannot
be applied arithmetically, the total current
drawn from the supply is equal to its
vector sum of all currents.
In a circuit containing inductor and
capacitor, the energy is stored in two
different ways.
• When a current flow in an inductor,
energy is stored in magnetic field.
• When a capacitor is charged, energy is
stored in static electric field. During
resonance, at certain frequency called
resonant frequency, fr.
130 | P a g e
As resonance occurs, the circuit's inductive
reactance equals its capacitive reactance,
causing the circuit impedance to be
minimum in the case of a series RLC circuit;
however, when the resistor, inductor, and
capacitor are connected in parallel, the
circuit impedance becomes maximum, so
the parallel RLC circuit is often referred to as
an anti-resonator. It is worth noting that the
fundamental frequency of a vibrating entity
is the lowest resonant frequency.
131 | P a g e
132 | P a g e
Circuit 1:
133 | P a g e
Here, Graphical value of Resonating
Frequency= 92.034 Hz≈ 92 Hz
fr = 1/2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
= 1/2π√0.5 × 6 × 10−6 = 91.888 Hz ≈92 Hz
Therefore, the theoretical value of
resonating frequency is = 92Hz
And the graphical value of resonating
frequency = the theoretical value of
resonating frequency = 92Hz
134 | P a g e
Circuit 2:
Here, Graphical value of Resonating

Frequency= 252.406 Hz≈ 252 Hz
fr = 1/2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
135 | P a g e
= 1/2π√10 × 10−3 × 40 × 10−6
= 251.646 Hz ≈252 Hz
Therefore, the theoretical value of
resonating frequency = 252 Hz
And graphical value of resonating frequency
= theoretical value of resonating frequency =
252 Hz
CONCLUSION:
The Parallel RLC Circuit has been
successfully studied and simulated since
the Graphical Resonating frequency is equal
to the theoretical resonating frequency.
136 | P a g e

ES103 ElectricalLab RudrakshiGhosh AIR

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BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Name: RUDRAKSHI GHOSH

Sl Experiment name Page

2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 15 - 56

3 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 57 - 78

5 Thevenin and Norton’s 87 - 92

7 Reciprocity Theorem 114 – 119

8 RC Circuit 120 – 122

9 Resonant frequency of series 123 - 128

LTspice is a SPICE-based analog electronic

Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Sl Outgoing Incoming I-IV1

1 -250 -35.7 -285.7 -285.7 0

1 -500 -71.4 -571.4 -571.4 o

1 -5000 -555.5 -5555.5 -5555.5 0

1 10000 -1111.1 11,111.1 -11,111.1 0

1 -215.1 -26.9 -242 -242 0

1 -430.1 -53.7 -483.8 -483.8 0

1 -316.4 -189.8 -506.2 -506.2 0

1 -632.9 -379.7 -1012.6 -1012.6 0

1 -208.3 -208.3 -416.6 -416.6 0

1 -416.6 -416.6 -833.3 -833.3 0

1 -11.9 -21.5 -33.4 -33.4 0

1 -23.9 -43.1 -67 -67 0

1 -108.7 -714.3 -822.6 -822.6 0

1 -217.3 1.4 -1.6 -1.6 0

1 -33.8 -25.4 -59.2 -59.2 0

1 -67.8 -50.8 -118.6 -118.6 0

1 -2500 -116.2 -2616.2 -2616.2 0

1 -5000 -232.5 -5232.5 -5232.5 0

1 43.8 14.1 57.9 58 0

IR2(in IR3 (in Total IR1

1 -87.8 -28.3 -116.1 -116.1 0

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

2 20 30 5 5 5 8 - - 0.5228 - - - -1.1872 0.0

Thevenin and Norton’s Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer

The high pass filter allows frequencies

Resonant Frequency of series RLC

Resonant frequency, f0 = 155.15291Hz

Study of Parallel RLC Circuit

Here, Graphical value of Resonating

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