What are engineering tolerance?

are allowable variation from given dimensions. In other words, it is the total amount by 
which a given dimension may vary without affecting product function. 

Tolerance (for hole) = Hole (MMC) – Hole (LMC) 

Why are Tolerance Required?

The production of closely mating parts, without tolerances is economically unfeasible. This 
will increase the rejection rate and manufacturing cost. Therefore, tolerances are used with 
part dimensions to facilitate manufacturer and reduce cost. 

What is tolerance Stackup Analysis?

Tolerance Stackup analysis is a design tool used to analyse and optimize product 
assembly. I​ t calculates the cumulative effects of part tolerances in an assembly. 

What are the types of tolerance?

1. Unilateral Tolerance 

2. Bilateral Tolerance 

 
What do you understand by fit?

The term fit refers to the permissible clearances between mating parts. The clearance 
between mating parts determines the type of Fit.  

What are the different ​types of fits?

1. Clearance Fit 

2. Interference Fit 

3. Transition Fit 

What do you understand by Engineering Drawing?

Engineering drawing is a technical document used to transfer technical information and 

define requirements. In other words, it’s a graphical language that communicates ideas 
and information from one mind to another. 

 
 

What is Section, Projection, Isometric & Detailed View?

● Projection View : Projection view represents a 3 dimensional objects in 2 

dimensions while looking from one side. 

● Section View: It is used to show the interior construction of a part in engineering 

drawing. 

● Isometric View: Isometric projection represents a 3D object into 2D in an 

engineering drawings. In this three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened 

and the angle between any two axes is 120 degrees. 

 ● Detailed View: It represents the larger view of any section of engineering drawing. 

What is the symbol of 1st and 3rd angle projection?

First 
Angle Projection Symbol 

Third 
Angle Projection Symbol 
Which projections are preferred for engineering drawings?

Following two types of projections are used : 

● First Angle Projection 

● Third Angle projection 

What is the difference Between First and third angle Projection?

The 1st angle projection part lies in the first quadrant. Therefore the object lies in between 
plane and observer. 

Whereas in third angle projection, the projection plane lies in between observer and 
object. 
  

Why 2nd and 4th angle projections are not used?

Because of overlapping of front and top views 2nd and 4th angle projections are not 
used. 

What is the least count and how is it calculated?

It is the smallest value measured with the measuring instrument. For example, the least 
count for a normal scale is 1 mm whereas for vernier scale it is 0.01 mm.  

Least Count= Value of one main scale Division – Total Number of Vernier scale division 

What is the least count for Vernier Scale, Micrometer and normal scale?

● Vernier Caliper Least Count = 0.01 mm (Digital) , 0.02 mm (manual) 

● Micrometer ​Least Count =

​ 0.01 mm 

● Normal scale ​Least Count =

​ 1 mm  
What is the factor of safety and how it is calculated?

FOS describes the load carrying capacity of a system beyond the expected or actual loads. 
In other words, FOS represents : how much stronger the system is compared to intended 
load. 

FOS is calculated considering design load maximum value. Value of FOS is always greater 
than one. 

What are types of screws?

Here are the various types of screw available in the market: 

According to the type of Screw Head 

1. Countersunk Screw 

2. Raised or oval head screw 

3. Pan Head Screw 

4. Flat Head Screw 

5. Flange Head Screw 

According to Screw Drive Type 

1. Slotted 
 2. Phillip  

3. Pozi Drive 

4. Torx Head 

5. Hex Socket 

6. Triangular head 

7. Security Head Socket 

According to Screw Thread Type 

1. Machine Screw 

2. Thread Forming 

3. Thread Cutting Screw 

What is a Stress-Strain Curve?

Stress Strain curve represents the behavior of material when an external force is applied to 
it. This diagram is used by product design engineers during material selection and 
structure design calculations. 
  

Draw Stress and Strain Curve for Ductile and Brittle Material?
What is a datum plane?

A datum is a theoretical exact plane, axis or point location that GD&T or dimensional 
tolerances are referenced to. 

What is GD&T (Geometric Dimension & Tolerance) ?

GD&T is a system for defining engineering tolerances. It helps in conveying product 

assembly requirements to manufacturers.  

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1. DESIGN OVERVIEW IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

• Product Life Cycle of automotive Plastic component

• Design Life Cycle of automotive Plastic component

2. PLASTICS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

• Types of plastics (Thermoset Plastics, Thermoplastic)

• Materials used in Automotive plastic Trim

• Manufacturing Process and Defects

3. ADVANCED PART DESIGN

• Boolean operations in part Design

• Exercise – Dog House creation

• Modification on Automotive components. (OEM Working procedures)

• Plastic Feature Creation

4. ADVANCED SURFACE DESIGN WORKBENCH

• Commands use for plastic component modeling

• Creation of Closed body

• Parting line, Tooling Line

5. TOOLING FEASIBILITY

• Core Cavity concept

• Slider/Lifter feasibility

• What are mounting feature feasibility for tooling

• Creation and feasibility check of Locator, Dog house, Clip tower, Welding/Heat Stack/screw boss

• Integrating the mounting features in close volume with the Boolean operation

6. PLASTIC COMPONENT ASSY TECHNIQUES

• Types of mounting use in Automotive Trims

• Snap feature study

• Types of Clip feature in Plastic Design.

• Reading and study of Standard feature Drawing

• Assembly considerations for creating feature

7. CREATION OF TOOLING DRAWING

• Creation of detail drawing for the Components

• Views creations (basic view & section views)

• Application of GD&T in drawings

• Template settings

8. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRIM PARTS

• How to find tooling direction

• Class A surface feasibility

• How to create style feedback

• Benchmarking and packaging study

• Study of Master section

• Draft analysis for tooling feasibility

• Feature selection process

• Selection of locating scheme of part

• Creating support and strengthening Rib

• Development of Interfaces with surrounding part

• Material Selection process

• How to apply datum and GD&T

• Creation of parting line

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