Four characteristics of multimedia systems

 Multimedia systems must be computer controlled

 They are integrated
 The information they handle must be represented digitally
 The interface to the final user may permit interactivity
>:Challenges for Multimedia Systems
Supporting multimedia applications over a computer network renders the
application distributed. This will involve many special computing techniques --
discussed later.
Multimedia systems may have to render a variety of media at the same instant -- a
distinction from normal applications. There is a temporal relationship between many
forms of media (e.g. Video and Audio. There 2 are forms of problems here
 Sequencing within the media -- playing frames in correct order/time
frame in video
 Synchronization -- inter-media scheduling (e.g. Video and Audio). Lip
synchronisation is clearly important for humans to watch playback of video and
audio and even animation and audio. Ever tried watching an out of (lip) sync
film for a long time?
The key issues multimedia systems need to deal with here are:
 How to represent and store temporal information.
 How to strictly maintain the temporal relationships on play
back/retrieval
 What processes are involved in the above.
Data has to represented digitally so many initial source of data needs to be digitize --
translated from analog source to digital representation. The will involve scanning
(graphics, still images), sampling (audio/video) although digital cameras now exist for
direct scene to digital capture of images and video.
The data is large several Mb easily for audio and video -- therefore storage, transfer
(bandwidth) and processing overheads are high. Data compression techniques very
common.

>: Multimedia Systems

A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data and
applications.
A Multimedia System is characterized by the processing, storage, generation,
manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information.
>>> What is Multimedia?
Multimedia can have a many definitions these include:
Multimedia means that computer information can be represented through audio, video,
and animation in addition to traditional media (i.e., text, graphics drawings, images).
A good general definition is:
Multimedia is the field concerned with the computer-controlled integration of text,
graphics, drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any other
media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and
processed digitally.
A Multimedia Application is an Application which uses a collection of multiple
media sources e.g. text, graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and/or video.
Hypermedia can be considered as one of the multimedia applications.

>>> Applications
 Examples of Multimedia Applications include:
 World Wide Web
 Hypermedia courseware
 Video conferencing
 Video-on-demand
 Interactive TV
 Groupware
 Home shopping
 Games
 Virtual reality
 Digital video editing and production systems
 Multimedia Database sy
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ISDN vs PSTN
“PSTN” means “Public Switched Telephone Network,” and “ISDN” means “Integrated
Services Digital Network.”
One of the main differences that can be seen between the two is that PSTN lines are
analogue while ISDN lines are digital. When comparing the two networks, the PSTN
lines are used for small companies and ISDL are used for bigger companies.

Unlike the ISDN, the PSTN are mostly used as single lines for firms or companies that
need ADSL. With Integrated Services Digital Network, one can run as many as 2, 10,
20 or 30 channels that could be run with a single line.

ISDN is also called a circuit-switched telephone network system, which has been
designed for the digital transmission of data and voice over ordinary phones. Unlike
the PSTN, the ISDN provides better voice quality. Moreover, the ISDN provides 128
kbit/s, which is really good for the Internet. PSTN has a disadvantage that it does not
make the most possible use of the broadband.

One of the key features of the Integrated Services Digital Network is that it integrates
both speech and data in the same line which is not available with ordinary telephone
wires. When using ISDN, one can make faster calls than when using the PSTN.

PSTN was first created by the use of fluctuating analogue signals and manually
operated switchboards. Later these switchboards were replaced by auto
switchboards and then by digital switching technologies.

It was in 1991 that the ISDN was developed. It was only a year later that it was really
made available for the public. Basic Rate Interface, Primary Rate Interface, and
Broadband-ISDN are the three types of ISDN available.

While PSTN does not allow two simultaneous connections, it is allowed in ISDN
service. This means that two simultaneous connections, such as telephone, fax, data
transmissions, fax, or video can be used.
Summary:

1.PSTN lines are analogue while ISDN lines are digital.

2.When comparing the two networks, the PSTN lines are used for small companies
and ISDL are used for bigger companies.
3.The ISDN provides 128 kbit/s, which is really good for the Internet. PSTN has a
disadvantage that it does not make the most possible use of the broadband.
4.While PSTN does not allow two simultaneous connections, it is allowed in ISDN
service.
5.When using ISDN, one can make faster calls than when using the PSTN.

Read more: Difference Between ISDN and PSTN | Difference Between

http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-isdn-and-
pstn/#ixzz6zSnuFSKf
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Advantages of ISDN
High speed service. ISDN is fast. ...
Cost advantage. ...
High quality transmission. ...
Simultaneous transmission. ...
Multiple device connection. ...
Conferencing. ...
ISDN provides clear, quiter voice telephone service and easy to use call control
features. ...
Call management features.
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Advantages of Intelligent Network:
There so many advantage of the intelligent networks that take the moral of the
technology high and can work for the benefits of the mankind. Some of the important
advantages of intelligent networks are as follows

The one of the major advantage of the intelligent networks is the digitalization and the
change of the line switching.
Intelligent networks manage the whole system or the services of the
telecommunication and also monitor the whole system then run different programs
Intelligent networks also helps to increase the competition of the business of the
market by producing or arranging new services
Intelligent networks enhance the evolution and development of new services for the
customers or the users
Another important or the big advantage of the intelligent networks is that they are able
to manage the inventions or the creations of the new telecom standards and enable the
operating staff to mange the all types pf services of that particular module.
Disadvantages of Intelligent Networks:

Where intelligent networks have many advantages it also has some disadvantages that
throw a bad light on the working and the standards of the technology. Some
disadvantages are as follows

Some times they are not reliable and service providers use the non intelligent
networks top maintain the reliability
Difficult configuration is also the disadvantage of the intelligent networks because it
is created with the help of small pieces of hardware
And the operators need large expense for the installation or for the configuration of
the intelligent networks i.e. it is quite costly.
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ISDN Advantages

The basic advantage of ISDN is to facilitate the user with multiple digital channels.
These channels can operate concurrently through the same one copper wire pair.
The digital signals broadcasting transversely the telephone lines.
ISDN provides high data rate because of digital scheme which is 56kbps.
ISDN network lines are able to switch manifold devices on the single line such as
faxes, computers, cash registers credit cards readers, and many other devices. These
all devices can work together and directly be connected to a single line.
ISDN takes only 2 seconds to launch a connection while other modems take 30 to 60
second for establishment.

ISDN Disadvantages

The disadvantage of ISDN lines is that it is very costly than the other typical
telephone system.
ISDN requires specialized digital devices just like Telephone Company.
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