Material

Specification GMW4
Metals

IMPRESSÃO NÃO CONTROLADA

Gray Cast Iron

1 Scope GMW GMW4M-IR-C

This material specification applies to those grades Delta Motors

of gray iron castings intended for a wide range of GM do Brasil
automotive applications. This standard describes the
material properties, not specific casting properties, GM Holden
based on data obtained from separately cast test GMNA GM274M
samples. Any specific property required from a
particular casting or section of that casting shall be ISUZU
identified on the engineering drawing. ITDC QS 13M000
1.1 Material Description. Gray iron is a cast iron SAAB
in which the free graphite, in the form of flakes,
precipitates throughout the metallic matrix. It is 1.3 Symbol. Not applicable.
the graphite flakes which account for the excellent
machinability, wear resistance, damping capacity, 1.4 Typical Application. Gray cast iron is a low
low shrinkage characteristics and generally higher cost material with good hardness, strength and rigid-
thermal conductivity. ity. It has excellent castability for complex designs and
demonstrates exceptional dampening capacity and
1.1.1 Material Identification. thermal shock resistance. The gray cast iron charac-
teristics lend themselves to a wide variety of applica-
GMW Grade (Note 1) Minimum tions which include cylinder blocks and heads, cylin-
Tensile Strength der liners, bearing caps, camshafts, manifolds, pump
Machined from bodies and housings, valve bodies and disc rotors.
Separately Cast 1.5 Remarks. This specification has resulted in the
Test Samples consolidation of several similar GMNA specifications.
in N/mm² Appendix A depicts the GMNA deleted standards and
GMW4M-IR-C-G125 125 the applicable global replacement grades. Also listed
in the chart are specialty grades required for spe-
GMW4M-IR-C-G150 150 cial purpose castings. Appendix B shows the rela-
GMW4M-IR-C-G200 200 tionship between the new global grades, their tensile
strengths, the superseded GM regional grades and
GMW4M-IR-C-G225 225 the corresponding International Standard grade.
GMW4M-IR-C-G250 250
GMW4M-IR-C-G300 300
2 References

Note 1: See paragraph 7 for explanation of coding system. Note: Only the latest approved standards are appli-
cable unless otherwise specified.
1.2 Cross-Reference of Replaced Specifications.
2.1 Normative.
ASTM A48 ISO 185
ISO 945 ISO 6506
ISO 6892
2.2 GM.
GM274M QS 13M000

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GMW3001 GMW3059
3 Requirements
3.1 Requirements on Delivery.
3.1.1 Chemical Requirements. The chemical com-
position, section size and casting cooling rate all af-
fect the tensile strength, thus the chemical composi-
tions shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4
are typical and shall be considered secondary to the
mechanical properties. For special purpose casting
grades listed in Table 5 the chemical composition is
mandatory.
3.1.1.1 The compositions listed in the tables reflect
those of finished castings. When using optical emis-
sion spectroscopy to analyze a finished casting for
chemical composition, a piece of the casting shall be
remelted so a chilled sample is obtained. All spectro-
graphic analysis shall be taken from a chilled sample.
3.1.2 Mechanical Requirements. The specific me-
chanical properties associated with each grade are
listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Ta-
ble 5. The mechanical properties are measured from
separately cast 30 mm diameter test samples that
are poured from the same material as the castings
which they represent. Properties of test pieces ma-
chined from castings will vary from those determined
by the separately cast test samples due to differences
in solidification and cooling rate of the individual cast-
ings. Table 1 describes general purpose gray iron.
Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5 describe spe-
cial purpose gray irons which are identified by the
grade, when appropriate, followed by the special pur-
pose (SP-XN) identification number, "N". If the unique
grade number is itself preceded by a letter, "X", this
letter denotes a part or material family of .special pur-
pose irons, i.e. "L" = cylinder liners (Table 3), "R"
= rotor iron (Table 4), "C" = carbidic iron (Table 5).
The mechanical properties are the primary require-
ments in grading and classifying gray irons for use
as automotive castings except for special wear resis-
tant castings such as camshafts and valve lifters. The
mechanical properties shall meet or exceed the min-
imum product requirements. The final sampling plan
shall have agreement between the purchaser and the
supplier. The validity of tests and applicability of any
retests shall be in accordance with ISO 185.
3.1.2.1 Hardness. Brinell hardness shall be taken in
accordance with ISO 6506. The material hardness
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requirements described in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3,
Table 4 and Table 5 shall be met on both the test
sample and its represented castings. Casting hard-
ness will vary throughout the part due to differences in
section size and cooling rates. Appendix C shows the
anticipated Brinell hardness for different thicknesses
of the same casting. The specific test location(s)
on the casting shall be identified on the engineer-
ing drawing after agreement is reached between pur-
chaser and the supplier. To prepare the casting for the
load impression, a representative depth of ≈ 1.5 mm
shall be removed from the surface. Other hardness
methods, such as cast surface penetrators, can be
used if these methods are validated against ISO 6506
and are agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.
3.1.2.1.1 In unusual cases where the specified hard-
ness and tensile strength cannot be met simultane-
ously, a revised hardness range shall be established
by agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
The tensile strength will take precedence over hard-
ness.
3.1.2.2 Tensile Strength. Test samples, that are
poured from the same material as the castings which
they represent, shall conform to the tensile strength
property requirements listed in Table 1, Table 2,
Table 4 and Table 5. Tensile strength data shall be
obtained from 20 mm diameter test pieces machined
from separately cast test samples (30 mm diameter).
The standard dimensions and testing procedure for
test samples and machined test pieces are described
in the ISO 185 and ISO 6892 specifications. The
separately cast test samples represent the quality
of the material and melt from which the casting is
poured. A separately cast "B" test sample conforming
to ASTM A48 is equivalent to the ISO test sample and
may also be used. The manufacturer shall maintain
sufficient controls and documentation to assure the
purchaser that properties determined from separately
cast test samples are representative of the castings
shipped.
3.1.2.2.1 The separately cast test samples shall be
poured vertically into dried, baked, green sand or
chemically bonded molds made of a siliceous sand
aggregate that is similar to the aggregate used in
production molds. The coupons shall cool to +480 C
or until a fully gray color is observed in the riser.
At this time the sample can be removed from the
mold and allowed to air cool. Any changes from this
procedure shall require an agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier.
December 2000
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Table 1: General Purpose Gray Cast Iron

Grade
Unit (Note 1)
G125 G150 (Note 2) G200 (Note 2) G225 (Note 2) G250 (Note 2) G300
(Note 3)
Mandatory Mechanical Properties
Minimum N/mm2 125 150 200 225 250 300
Tensile
Strength
Hardness HB 126...179 143...207 170...229 179...241 187...255 207...262
(Note 4)

BHD (Note 4) mm 4.5...5.3 4.2...5.0 4.0...4.6 3.9...4.5 3.8...4.4 3.7...4.2

Typical Matrix Microstructure
Matrix Predomi- Predomi- Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Predomi-
nantly nantly Ferritic Ferritic Ferritic nantly
Ferritic Ferritic Pearlitic
Typical Chemical Composition
Carbon % by mass 3.35...3.65 3.30...3.60 3.15...3.55 3.15...3.50 3.10...3.45 3.00...3.45
Silicon % by mass 2.30...2.75 2.30...2.75 2.10...2.65 2.00...2.65 1.85...2.60 1.85...2.50
Man- % by mass 0.30...0.60 0.30...0.70 0.45...0.90 0.45...0.90 0.45...0.90 0.60...0.90
ganese
Copper % by mass 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.40 max 0.60 max 0.80 max 0.80 max
Sulfur % by mass 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max
Phospho- % by mass 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max
rus
Chromium % by mass 0.20 max 0.30 max 0.20...0.40 0.60 max 0.80 max 0.80 max
Typical Application
Pump body — Brake drum Cylinder Cylinder Bearing
block head (Note 5) cap
Transmis- Intake Brake rotor Cylinder
sion cover manifold (Note 6) block
Water Pump Bearing
pump housing cap
Valve body

Note 1: Conversions: 1 N/mm2 = 145 psi; 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa

Note 2: When annealed to G125 hardness range, these grades are acceptable as G125. The supplier shall, however, notify the purchaser
when such substitutions are made.
Note 3: Mechanical property data represented in this chart is based on test pieces machined from separately cast 30 mm diameter test
samples.
Note 4: Hardness values represent the hardness of both the test sample and the casting. BHD values shown use a 10 mm ball and a 3000
kg load
Note 5: For heads not requiring localized valve seat hardening.
Note 6: For special purpose grades of brake rotor cast gray iron see Table 4.

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Table 2: Special Purpose Gray Cast Iron

Grade
Unit (Note 1)
G175SP-1 G185SP-1 G250SP-1 G275SP-1 GSP-1
(Note 2) (Note 3) (Note 4)

Mandatory Mechanical Properties

Minimum N/mm2 175 185 250 275 —
Tensile
Strength
Hardness HB 163...207 149...197 187...255 187...285
HRB 95...106
(Note 5)

BHD (Note 6) mm 4.2...4.7 4.3...4.9 3.8...4.4 3.6...4.4

Typical Microstructure
Matrix Ferritic Pearlitic Ferritic/ Pearlitic Pearlitic
Pearlitic
Typical Chemical Composition
Carbon % by mass 3.45...3.65 3.80...4.00 3.10...3.45 3.15...3.55 3.60...3.90
Silicon % by mass 2.45...2.65 2.70...2.90 1.85...2.60 2.15...2.55 2.60...3.10
Manganese % by mass 0.60...1.00 0.35...0.50 0.45...0.90 0.50...0.60 0.50...0.80
Copper % by mass 0.30 max 0.30...0.45 0.60 max 0.30 max 0.30 max
Sulfur % by mass 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.10 max
Phosphorus % by mass 0.35 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.35...0.55
(Note 4)
Chromium % by mass 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.25 max 0.10 max
Molybdenum % by mass 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.08 max 0.40...0.60 0.08 max
Typical Application
Master Pump body Cylinder Bearing cap Piston ring
cylinder head

Note 1: Conversions: 1 N/mm2 = 145 psi; 1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa

Note 2: This specification is for gray iron cast into permanent metal molds. To eliminate surface chill for machining, castings shall be given
an annealing treatment at +900 C for 1 h min.
Note 3: This specification covers an electrically melted grade of gray iron cast into light-section parts by the Vacuum Assisted Casting
Process. Tensile strength properties shall be determined from specially shaped test samples that are machined to a 6.35 mm di-
ameter with a 25.4 mm gauge section. A minimum of finish stock to permit test sample clean up shall be used.
Note 4: Intended for cylinder heads requiring subsequent localized hardening of the valve seats. The chromium composition shall be
(0.25...0.50) % and the total chromium and copper content shall be 0.50 % min.
Note 5: Represents a Rockwell B hardness.
Note 6: BHD values shown use a 10 mm ball and a 3000 kg load.

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Table 3: Special Purpose Gray Cast Iron for Cylinder Liners

Grade
Unit
G250SP-L1 G250SP-L2 G250SP-L3
Static - Centrifugal - Centrifugal -
Process
Low Phosphorus Low Phosphorus Medium Phosphorus
Mandatory Mechanical Properties
Minimum Tensile Strength (Note 1) N/mm2 250 250 250
Hardness Rockwell (Note 2) HRB 92...101 95...106 95...106
Hardness (Note 3) HB 192...248 207...285 207...285
Typical Microstructure (Note 4)

Matrix (Note 5) Pearlitic Pearlitic Pearlitic

Static - Centrifugal - Centrifugal -
Low Phosphorus Low Phosphorus Medium Phosphorus
Typical Chemical Composition
Maximum Carbon Equivalent (Note 6) % by mass 4.15 4.30 4.40
Carbon % by mass 3.10...3.40 3.20...3.50 3.20...3.50
Silicon % by mass 1.80...2.50 2.00...2.50 2.00...2.50
Manganese % by mass 0.50...0.90 0.50...0.90 0.50...0.90
Copper % by mass 0.50...1.50 0.50...1.50 0.20...0.60
Sulfur % by mass 0.06...0.15 0.06...0.15 0.06...0.15
Phosphorus % by mass 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.40...0.60
Chromium % by mass 0.20...0.50 0.20...0.50 0.20...0.40

Note 1: The tensile strength shall be determined from a test piece taken from the wall of the liner below the flange as shown on the drawing
for a given part number.
Note 2: The Rockwell hardness measurement shall use a 100 kg load and a 1/16 " ball. The average of three readings shall be taken at
the top (deckface) of the finished liner.
Note 3: The alternate hardness method is the Brinell hardness which is measured at a point corresponding to the top (deckface) of the
finished cylinder bore. Test is per ISO 6506 with a load to ball ratio of 3000/10 kg/mm, 750/5 kg/mm or 187.5/2.5 kg/mm as the
section size dictates.
Note 4: The graphite structure shall be analyzed at the final machined bore wall surface at the top ring reversal area as shown on the drawing
for each specific part number. Graphite flakes shall be at 50 % min. Type A and size 4 to 7 per ISO 945 with the remainder being
Types B, D or E. Type C graphite is not allowed, nor is coarse, thick graphite of any type (refer to acceptable and unacceptable
photomicrographs on the following page, that illustrate the graphite microstructures in the unetched condition).
Note 5: For low phosphorus grades, the matrix shall contain 95 % min. lamellar pearlite at the final machined bore wall surface. Up to a
combined total of 5 % max. ferrite, carbide and steadite is allowed, with such constituents being finely dispersed and not in the
form of massive particles or a continuous network. For medium phosphorus grades, the matrix shall consist of 85 % min. lamellar
pearlite with (5...10) % steadite in the form of a fine network. Ferrite up to of 10 % max. and carbide to of 5 % max. are allowed,
both of which shall be finely dispersed.
Note 6: The maximum carbon equivalent composition is a mandatory requirement for cylinder liners. All other elements shall be considered
as a typical requirement and secondary to microstructure and hardness. Carbon equivalent, C.E. = C % + (Si % + P %) / 3.

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Figure 1: A - Reference Photomicrograph for Acceptable Graphite Structure in Cylinder Liners

A Acceptable, unetched Magnification 100x

Figure 2: B - Reference Photomicrograph for Unacceptable Graphite Structure in Cylinder Liners

B Unacceptable, unetched Magnification 100x

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Table 4: Special Purpose Gray Cast Iron for Integral Hub & Disc Castings and Disc Brake Rotors
Grade
Unit G125SP-R1 G190SP-R1 G225-(R) G275SP-R1
(Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 2) (Note 3) (Note 2)

Mandatory Mechanical Properties

Minimum Tensile Strength N/mm2 125 190 225 250
Hardness HB 149...197 179...229 179...241 197...229
BHD (Note 4) mm 4.3...4.9 4.0...4.5 3.9...4.5 4.0...4.3
Typical Microstructure
Matrix Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Pearlitic,
Ferritic Ferritic Ferritic Ferritic
Typical Chemical Composition
Carbon % by mass 3.50...3.80 3.60...3.80 3.15...3.50 3.20...3.60
Silicon % by mass 2.00...2.65 1.80...2.20 2.00...2.65 1.90...2.40
Manganese % by mass 0.30...0.60 0.60...0.80 0.45...0.90 0.60...0.90
Copper % by mass 0.30 max 0.30...0.45 0.60 max —
Sulfur % by mass 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.16 max
Phosphorus % by mass 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max
Chromium % by mass 0.30 max 0.10...0.25 0.60 max 0.25...0.40
Molybdenum % by mass 0.08 max 0.30...0.60 — 0.40...0.50

Note 1: These grades are for brake rotors requiring exceptional dampening properties. Since a high carbon equivalent composition is critical
for these dampening characteristics, the C.E. shall be (4.30...4.70) %.
Note 2: For high speed applications, higher molybdenum levels are necessary to increase thermal fatigue performance with increased fric-
tional heating and subsequent cooling.
Note 3: This is the standard grade used for brake rotors (also shown in Table 1 as one of the standard grades).
Note 4: BHD values shown use a 10 mm ball and a 3000 kg load.

3.1.2.2.2 Tensile strength properties may be speci- as-cast tensile samples. These test samples shall
fied for test pieces machined from the actual casting. accompany the represented castings through the heat
The properties of the pieces machined from the cast- treatment process before being machined and tested.
ings may vary from those machined from separately
3.1.2.2.4 Porosity, shrink or other discontinuities
cast test samples because of cooling rate and sec-
within a test piece represents an invalid test, thus
tion size variations. Appendix D shows anticipated
the data shall be discarded. The viewing of such
minimum tensile strengths for test pieces produced
discontinuities shall be done without the use of any
from castings of varying section thickness. When us-
magnifying device.
ing test pieces machined from the casting, the location
of the machined test specimen and its specific tensile 3.1.2.2.5 If a test specimen fails to meet a specific
strength requirements shall be identified on the en- tensile requirement for an unknown reason, two more
gineering drawing. The specified tensile strength re- retests can be run from the same material. If both
quirements shall be determined by a statistically sig- retest pieces pass the tensile requirement, the mate-
nificant sampling of test pieces that were machined rial will be deemed acceptable.
from castings.
3.1.2.2.3 For heat treated gray iron, the test samples
shall be poured following the same procedure as the

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3.1.3 Physical Requirements. Guide values for are for reference only. They are not derived from GM
physical properties are shown in Appendix E. These laboratory testing.
properties have been gathered from text books and

Table 5: Special Purpose Gray Cast Iron for Carbidic Camshafts and Lifters Requiring Mandatory Chem-
istry
Grade
G250SP-C1 G275SP-C1 G275SP-C2 G300SP-C1 GSP-C1
(Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 2)
Unit
Chill Cast - Sand Cast - Chill Cast - Chill Cast -
Low Hardenable Hardenable Chromium
(Note 3) (Note 3)
Chromium Alloyed
Mandatory Mechanical Properties
Hardness at HB 197...241 262...311 241...321 201...302 269...331
Bearing
(Note 4) mm
BHD 3.90...4.30 3.45...3.75 3.40...3.90 3.50...4.25 3.35...3.70
Hardness at RC 53 min 50 min 53 min 50 min —
lobe nose
post
hardening (if
specified)
Typical Matrix Microstructure & Tensile Strength
Minimum N/mm2 250 275 275 300 —
Tensile
Strength
Matrix Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Pearlitic, Carbidic
Carbidic Carbidic Carbidic Carbidic
Mandatory Chemical Composition
Maximum % by mass 4.30 — — 4.30 —
Carbon
Equivalent
Carbon % by mass 3.40...3.80 3.10...3.40 2.80...3.50 3.40...3.80 3.00...3.25
Silicon % by mass 1.50...2.50 2.15...2.45 1.50...2.50 1.50...2.20 2.10...2.40
Manganese % by mass 0.60...0.90 0.60...0.90 0.50...1.00 0.50...0.90 0.70...0.90
(Note 5)
Copper % by mass 0.70 max — — —
Sulfur % by mass 0.16 max 0.16 max 0.10 max 0.16 max 0.16 max
Phosphorus % by mass 0.20 max 0.20 max 0.30 max 0.20 max 0.10 max
Chromium % by mass — 0.85...1.40 0.70...1.60 0.50...1.00 0.90...1.10
Molybdenum % by mass — 0.40...0.60 0.20...0.80 0.15...0.25 0.40...0.70
Nickel — 0.20...0.40 (Note 5) 0.15...0.70 0.40...0.70
% by mass
Vanadium % by mass — — 0.50 max — —
Boron % by mass — — 0.005...0.10 — —

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Table 5: Special Purpose Gray Cast Iron for Carbidic Camshafts and Lifters Requiring Mandatory Chem-
istry
Grade
G250SP-C1 G275SP-C1 G275SP-C2 G300SP-C1 GSP-C1
(Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 1) (Note 2)
Unit
Chill Cast - Sand Cast - Chill Cast - Chill Cast -
Low Hardenable Hardenable Chromium
(Note 3) (Note 3)
Chromium Alloyed
Typical Application
Camshaft Camshaft Camshaft Camshaft Valve lifter

Note 1: The amount, size and distribution of carbides within specific area(s) of the casting shall be specified on engineering drawing. Pho-
tomicrographs to facilitate the specification of these requirements are shown in Appendix G.
Note 2: The microstructure at the wearing surface shall consist of fine graphite and carbide which, depending on the carbide concentration,
will produce a hardness of (56...64) HRC after a heat treatment by overall heating and oil quenching. Other properties shall be as
specified by the purchaser.
Note 3: These camshafts are usually induction or flame hardened on the wear surface.
Note 4: BHD values shown use a 10 mm ball and a 3000 kg load.
Note 5: The total nickel and copper content shall be (0.20...0.80) %.

3.1.4 Additional Requirements. the casting drawing. Discontinuities, e.g. cracks,

3.1.4.1 Microstructure Requirements. The mi-
crostructure shall consist of flake graphite (as
described in ISO 945) in a matrix of pearlite, or ferrite,
or mixtures thereof. For hypo-eutectic compositions
in the general purpose grades, type A graphite with
size 4 to 7 shall predominate, with types B, D and
E held to a minimum. Type C is not allowed, with
the exception of high carbon equivalent rotor iron.
Unless otherwise specified, the matrix microstructure
shall be essentially free of primary carbide (< 1 %).
An exception to this carbide level would be special
purpose high alloy castings; i.e., camshafts and valve
lifters. For these carbidic irons, Appendix G provides
a rating chart for ledeburitic carbides, the class and
extent of which shall be shown on the engineering
drawing of the individual part. Quantitative metal-
lography shall treat graphite and matrix separately
such that the percentage of the matrix constituents
total 100 %. Microstructures will vary throughout the
casting due to variations in section size, therefore the
location of the micro analysis shall be representative
of an average section size in the casting. Any specific
microstructural requirements or specific locations
shall be identified on the engineering drawing. Mi-
crostructures are not to be read < 1 mm from the cast
surface, except for carbides which may be read to the
surface. Unless shown otherwise, all microstructural
analysis shall be evaluated at a magnification of
100x.
3.1.4.2 Casting Requirements. Castings shall con-
form to the dimensions and tolerances specified on
sand and slag inclusions, massive carbides, cold laps,
scabs, porosity etc., detrimental to subsequent pro-
cessing or to the service for which the castings are
intended are not permitted. Casting surfaces shall be
smooth and free from scale or burned-on sand. No
repairing, plugging or welding of any kind shall be per-
mitted, unless specific permission as to location and
procedure to be used has been requested by the sup-
plier and granted by the purchaser. The repair of de-
fects shall not impair machinability and/or serviceabil-
ity. The repaired areas shall be marked.
3.1.4.2.1 Typical supplemental mechanical prop-
erties, that may be used for design purposes, are
shown in Appendix F. These properties have been
gathered from text books and are for reference only.
They are not derived from GM laboratory testing.
3.2 Processing Requirements. Subparagraphs
were not applicable.
3.3 Performance Requirements. Subparagraphs
were not applicable.
3.4 Requirements on other Stages during Life Cy-
cle. Subparagraphs were not applicable.
4 Manufacturing Process
4.1 Castings. Castings are generally made using
sand molding processes, except for cylinder liners
and piston rings which may be made by the centrifugal
casting process using a metal mold. Master cylinders

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can also be made from permanent metal molds. Lo- have been qualified by engineering as meeting the re-
calized placement of metal chills in an otherwise sand quirements of this specification.
mold is utilized for production of chilled camshafts.
4.2 Heat Treatment. Most gray iron castings are
7 Coding System
used in the as-cast condition, however, it may be This material specification shall be referenced in other
appropriate to perform subcritical annealing to re- documents, drawings, VTS, CTS, etc. as follows:
move residual stresses or to improve machinability
if an agreement is reached between the purchaser Example: GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-L2
and the supplier. Castings made from harder grades
Where
of iron (Grades 150, 200, and 250) may be heat
treated to meet the hardness requirements of the GMW = GM Worldwide
softer (G125) grade. In these instances, the material
4 = Sequential number
shall be designated as the softer grade and shown
as such on the engineering drawing. Heat treatment M = Material Type: Metals
shall not be used as a salvage operation unless a
IR = Category: Iron
prior agreement is reached between the purchaser
and the supplier. C = Subcategory: Primary
forming method: Casting
4.3 Post Processing. Post processing of castings
will include the traditional steps of grinding and shot G = Sub-Subcategory: Gray
cleaning. The casting surface shall be free of marten- cast iron
sitic structure resulting from excessive grinding heat. 250 = Grade according to tensile
Castings shall not be welded except with the permis-
strength in N/mm2
sion of the purchaser.
SP = Special purpose
4.4 Inspection. Visual testing, dimensional or non-
destructive evaluation may be specified. L = Part of material family
(optional)
5 Rules and Regulations 2 = Number – unique identifier

5.1 All materials supplied to this specification must

comply with the requirements of GMW3001, Rules
and Regulations for Material Specifications.
5.2 All materials supplied to this specification must
comply with the requirements of GMW3059, Re-
stricted and Reportable Substances for Parts.
8 Release and Revisions
8.1 Release. This specification was first approved
in 31/MAR/1998. The first release was distributed in
APR 1999. Prior to this there was an OCT 1998 Eng-
lish/German Edition distributed.
8.2 Revisions.

6 Approved Sources Rev. Date Description (Org.)

Engineering qualification of an approved source is re- A AUG 2000 Conversion to SGML / Edito-
quired for this specification. Only sources listed in rial Changes (GME Specification
the GM Materials File under this specification number Center)

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Appendix A
Relationships of Superseded GMNA Grades to New
Global Grades of Gray Cast Iron GMW4M-IR-C
(For information only)

Superseded GMNA Grades New Global Grades

GM274M GMW4M-IR-C
GM6214M GMW4M-IR-C-G125
GM14M GMW4M-IR-C-G150
GM212M, GM12M, GM231M, GM13M, GM6209M GMW4M-IR-C-G200
GMW4M-IR-C-G225
GM6213M, GM220M, GM232M, GM233M GMW4M-IR-C-G250
GMW4M-IR-C-G300
GM15M GMW4M-IR-C-GSP-1
GM119M GMW4M-IR-C-GSP-C1
GMW4M-IR-C-G125SP-R1
GMW4M-IR-C-G190SP-R1
GM243M GMW4M-IR-C-G175SP-1
GM3562M GMW4M-IR-C-G185SP-1
GMW4M-IR-C-G225SP-R1
GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-1
GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-L1
GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-L2
GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-L3
GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-R1
GMW4M-IR-C-G250SP-C1
GM6290M GMW4M-IR-C-G275SP-1
GM120M, GM6120M GMW4M-IR-C-G275SP-C1
GMW4M-IR-C-G275SP-C2
GMW4M-IR-C-G300SP-C1
GM73M, GM74M, GM16M Deleted
GM71M, GM80M, GM83M Deleted

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Appendix B Relationships of Global Grades to Tensile Strength,

Gray Cast Iron - Standard Grades of GMW4M-IR-C Equivalent GM Regional Grades and International
Standard Grades.
(For information only)

Minimum Equivalent Equivalent Corresponding

Tensile Strength ITDC Grades (Note 1) GMNA Grades (Note 1) International
Grade
in N/mm2 Standard
(ISO 185)
GMW4M-IR-C-G125 125 — GM6214M —
GMW4M-IR-C-G150 150 QS 13M015 GM14M 150
GMW4M-IR-C-G200 200 QS 13M020 GM212M 200
GM12M
GM231M
GM13M
GM6209M
GMW4M-IR-C-G225 225 — — —
GMW4M-IR-C-G250 250 QS 13M025 GM6213M 250
GM220M
GM232M
GM233M
GMW4M-IR-C-G300 300 QS 13M030 — 300

Note 1: Represents a difference in mechanical properties from the global standard grades.

Note: Equivalent GM regional grades shall remain active for current parts. However, future
product developments shall use the new global grades.

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Appendix C
Anticipated Brinell Hardness Ranges for Different
Casting Section Thicknesses of Gray Cast Iron
GMW4M-IR-C
(For information only)

Casting Section Thickness Anticipated Brinell

Grade in mm (Note 1) Hardness HB
Over Up to and including
G125 2.5 5 140...220
5 10 125...205
10 20 115...190
20 40 100...175
40 80 90...160
G150 2.5 5 170...260
5 10 140...225
10 20 125...205
20 40 110...185
40 80 100...170
G200 2.5 5 190...280
5 10 170...260
10 20 150...230
20 40 135...210
40 80 120...190
G225 5 10 185...270
10 20 165...240
20 40 150...225
40 80 135...205
G250 5 10 200...280
10 20 180...250
20 40 160...235
40 80 145...220
G300 10 20 200...280
20 40 180...255
40 80 165...240

Note 1: Conversions: 1 mm = 0.039 inch; 1 inch = 25.40 mm

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Appendix D
Anticipated Minimum Tensile Properties for Test
Pieces Produced from Castings of Varying Section
Thickness of Gray Cast Iron GMW4M-IR-C
(For information only)

Casting Section Thickness Anticipated Minimum

Grade in mm (Note 1) Tensile Strength
in N/mm2
Over Up to and including
G125 2.5 10 135
10 20 110
20 30 90
G150 2.5 10 155
10 20 130
20 30 115
30 50 105
G200 2.5 10 205
10 20 180
20 30 160
30 50 145
G225 4 10 225
10 20 205
20 30 180
30 50 165
G250 4 10 250
10 20 225
20 30 205
30 50 185

Note 1: Conversions: 1 mm = 0.039 inch; 1 inch = 25.40 mm

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Appendix E
Physical Properties of Gray Cast Iron GMW4M-IR-C
(For information only)

Properties Units Ferritic Pearlitic

Density g/cm3 7.1 7.25

Melt Point C +1150...+1180 +1170...+1210
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion at (+20...+500) C 1/K x 10-6 13.2 13.0
Thermal Conductivity at +100 ºC W/mK 66 48
Electrical Conductivity at +20 C m/
mm2 1.25 1.43
Electrical Resistivity at +20 ºC µ
m 0.80 0.70

Note: This table represents text book data, not GM laboratory derived test data.

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Appendix F
Supplemental Mechanical Properties for Design Pur-
poses of Gray Cast Iron GMW4M-IR-C
(For information only)

Properties Units Ferritic Pearlitic

Bending Strength N/mm2 230 390
Compressive Strength N/mm2 540 960
Modulus of Elasticity kN/mm2 37...98 108...137
Poisson’s Ratio - 0.26 0.26
Shear Strength N/mm2 145 345
Torsional Strength N/mm2 145 345

Note: This table represents text book data, not GM laboratory derived test data.

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Appendix G
Carbide Distribution Classification - for Cast Iron
Camshafts (Magnification 40x)

Left: Class 1 – Very heavy dendritic Right: Class 2 – Heavy dendritic

Left: Class 3 – Light dendritic (left) Right: Class 4 – Dendritic and cellular mixture

Left: Class 5 – Coarse cellular Right: Class 6 – Fine cellular

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