Multiple Choice Questions

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MCQ on Analog Communication

1. What we use for impedance matching in RF amplifiers?
a) RC coupling
b) Transformer coupling
c) Direct coupling
d) RF coupling

Answer: b
Explanation: Impedance matching is the input impedance of an electrical load or the
output impedance of corresponding electrical signal source to maximize power transfer
or minimize signal reflection from the load. Transformer coupling is basically used for
impedance matching in RF amplifiers. It is usually used with a small load for power
amplification.

2. Neutralization cancels unwanted feedback by bypassing the feedback to the neutral

or ground plane.
a) True
b) False
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Answer: b
Explanation: Neutralization cancels unwanted feedback by adding feedback out of phase
with the unwanted feedback. It is a method of filtering noise out of signals.

3. In a receiver, distortion can occur in ________

a) Mixer
b) Detector
c) IF amplifiers
d) Either mixer or detector or IF amplifiers

Answer: d
Explanation: Distortion in a receiver can occur in either mixer or in the detector. It can
also occur in IF amplifiers. Distortion is the change in the shape of the waveform.

4. How we limit the response of a receiver to a weak signal?

a) by the AGC
b) by the noise that is generated in the receiver
c) by the dynamic range of the receiver
d) by the type of detector circuit being used

Answer: b
Explanation: The response of a receiver to weak signals is limited by the noise. This
noise is generated in the receiver only. Noise is the unwanted signal that is present in
the passband of the signal.

5. When aliasing will take place?

a) Sampling signals less than Nyquist Rate
b) Sampling signals more than Nyquist Rate
c) Sampling signals equal to Nyquist Rate
d) Sampling signals at a rate which is twice of Nyquist Rate

Answer: a
Explanation: Aliasing causes different signals to become indistinguishable when
sampled. It happens when the sampling rate is less than Nyquist rate. To prevent
aliasing, sampling signals should be at a rate which is twice of Nyquist Rate.

6. A resonant circuit is a simple form of bandpass filter.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The quality factor Q, of a resonant circuit is a measure of quality of
resonant circuit, thus indicating the performance of the resonant circuit. Bandwidth can
be seen as the ratio of the resonant frequency to quality factor. A higher value for Q
means a more narrow bandwidth, which we want in many application.

7. Which statement is true for high level amplitude modulation?

a) all RF amplifiers are of class A
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b) all RF amplifiers can be nonlinear

c) minimum RF power is required
d) maximum RF power is required

Answer: b
Explanation: In high level AM, modulation is done at high power of carrier and
modulating signal therefore output power is high. Therefore, power amplifiers are not
used to boost the carrier and modulating signal. Thus, all RF amplifiers are non-linear.

8. Which statement is true for low level amplitude modulation?

a) all RF amplifiers are of class A
b) all RF amplifiers can be linear
c) minimum RF power is required
d) maximum RF power is required

Answer: b
Explanation: For low level AM, modulation is done at low power of carrier and
modulating signal, so power amplifiers are used to boost the carrier and modulating
signal. Therefore, output power is low. Thus, the amplifiers used are linear.

9. Which two networks can be used for impedance matching?

a) pi network and T network
b) pi network and bridge network
c) bridge network and T network
d) pi network and omega network

Answer: a
Explanation: If a source with low impedance is connected with a load with high
impedance then the power that can pass through the connection is limited by higher
impedance. Generally the two networks, pi and T are used for impedance matching.

10. Which statement is true about frequency multipliers?

a) they are essentially balanced modulators
b) they are essentially class C amplifiers
c) they are essentially class AB amplifiers
d) they are essentially mixers

Answer: b
Explanation: Frequency multiplier multiplies the frequency of the input by an integer,
such that the output is a multiple of the input. Frequency multipliers are generally class
C amplifiers.

11. Notch filter is a

a. Band pass filter

b. Band stop filter
c. Low pass filter
d. High pass filter
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12. Noise is added to a signal in a communication system

a. At the receiving end

b. At transmitting antenna
c. In the channel
d. During regeneration of the information

13. Noise power at the resistor is affected by the value of the resistor as

a. Directly proportional to the value of the resistor

b. Inversely proportional to the value of the resistor
c. Unaffected by the value of the resistor
d. Becomes half as the resistance value is doubled

14. Low frequency noise is

a. Transit time noise

b. Flicker noise
c. Shot noise
d. None of the above

15. Hilbert transform may be used in

a. Generation of SSB signals

b. Representation of band pass signals
c. Designing of minimum phase type filters
d. All of the above

16. At a room temperature of 300K, calculate the thermal noise generated by two
resistors of 10KΩ and 20 KΩ when the bandwidth is 10 KHz.

a. 4.071 * 10-6 V, 5.757 * 10-6 V

b. 6.08 * 10-6 V, 15.77 * 10-6 V
c. 16.66 * 10-6 V, 2.356 * 10-6 V
d. 1.66 * 10-6 V, 0.23 * 10-6 V

Explanation:
Noise voltage Vn = √(4R KTB)
Where, K = 1.381×10-23 J/K, joules per Kelvin, the Boltzmann constant
B is the bandwidth at which the power Pn is delivered.
T noise temperature
R is the resistance
Noise voltage by individual resistors
Vn1 = √(4R1 KTB)
= √(4 * 10 * 103 * 1.381 * 10-23 * 3000 * 10 * 103)
= √16.572 * 10-12
= 4.071 * 10-6 V
Vn2 = √(4R2 KTB)
= √(4 * 20 * 103 * 1.381 * 10-23 * 3000 * 10 * 103)
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= √33.144 * 10-12
= 5.757 * 10-6 V

17. At a room temperature of 293K, calculate the thermal noise generated by two
resistors of 20KΩ and 30 KΩ when the bandwidth is 10 KHz and the resistors are
connected in series.

a. 300.66 * 10-7
b. 284.48 * 10-7
c. 684.51 * 10-15
d. 106.22 * 10-7

Explanation:
Noise voltage Vn = √(4R KTB)
Where, K = 1.381 × 10-23 J/K, joules per Kelvin, the Boltzmann constant
B is the bandwidth at which the power Pn is delivered.
T noise temperature
R is the resistance
Noise voltage by resistors when connected in series is
Vn = √{4(R1 + R2) KTB}
= √{4(20 * 103 + 30 * 103) * 1.381 × 10-23 * 293 * 10 * 103 }
= 284.48 * 10-7

18. At a room temperature of 300K, calculate the thermal noise generated by two
resistors of 10KΩ and 30 KΩ when the bandwidth is 10 KHz and the resistors are
connected in parallel.

a. 30.15 * 10-3
b. 8.23 * 10-23
c. 11.15 * 10-7
d. 26.85 * 10-7

Explanation:
Noise voltage Vn = √(4R KTB)
Where, K = 1.381 × 10-23 J/K, joules per Kelvin, the Boltzmann constant
B is the bandwidth at which the power Pn is delivered.
T noise temperature
R is the resistance
Noise voltage by resistors when connected in parallel is
Vn = √{4R KTB}
Here for resistors to be in parallel,
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2
= 1/10K + 1/30K
= 0.1333
R = 7.502KΩ
Vn = √{4 * 7.502 * 103 * 1.381×10-23 * 300 * 10 * 103}
= √124.323 * 10-14
= 11.15 * 10-7
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19. A periodic signal is

a. May be represented by g(t) = g(t + T0)

b. Value may be determined at any point
c. Repeats itself at regular intervals
d. All of the above

20. Sine wave is a

a. Periodic signal
b. Aperiodic signal
c. Deterministic signal
d. Both a and c

21. Properties of Hilbert transform are:

a. The signal and its Hilbert transform have same energy density spectrum
b. The signal and its Hilbert transform are mutually diagonal
c. Both a and b are correct
d. None of the above

22. An even function f(x) for all values of x and x holds

a. f(x) = f(-x)
b. f(x) = -f(x)
c. f(x) = f(x)f(-x)
d. None of the above

23. Random signals is

a. May be specified in time

b. Occurrence is random
c. Repeat over a period
d. None of the above

24. Unit step function is

a. Exists only for positive side

b. Is zero for negative side
c. Discontinuous at time t=0
d. All of the above

25. In Unit impulse function

a. Pulse width is zero

b. Area of pulse curve is unity
c. Height of pulse goes to infinity
d. All of the above