ME G532:Machine Tool

Engineering
Seminar on
Design of Slideways for Wear Resistance
BITS Pilani Guided By
Pilani Campus
Dr. Girish Kant

1
Team Members…..

 Anubhav Agrawal(2018H1060223P)

 Pushkar A. Pandit(2018H1060216P)

 Sunil Menaria(2018H1060211P)

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Introduction

Generally straight but

circular in some cases Work Table moves
along predetermined
path

Guideways

Guideways with rolling Guideways with sliding friction

friction known as ANTI- known as SLIDEWAYS
FRICTION WAYS
3

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Slideways

Hydrodynamic Slideways
Permanent layer of Lubrication
exists in between sliding surfaces
due to hydrodynamic forces

Hydrostatic Slideways

Pumping high pressure fluid to maintain this

layer of lubrication at low speeds

Analysis of Slider

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 Slideways are distinguished by a relatively high coefficient of friction
between sliding surfaces.

Flat

V
Shapes of
Slideways
Dovetail
Basically to reduce
friction such grooves
are provided for
Cylindrical lubrication
5

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 The life and smooth functioning of slideways depends significantly upon the
clearance between the sliding surfaces.

 Moreover, the initial clearance alters in the course of slideway operation due to its
wear for which the periodic clearance adjustment is expected.

Taper Gib Flat strip without clamping Flat strip

with clamping
Mainly provided
for increasing
stiffness of
 These devices have low rigidity and are not used thus in slideways
heavily loaded and high – accuracy machine tools. 6

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 Design Criteria For
Slideways
Slideways are designed for the following two parameters:
 Wear Resistance
 Stiffness

The wear resistance of slideways is governed mainly by the

maximum pressure acting on the mating surfaces given as
𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥

Pmax = maximum pressure acting on the mating

surface This design with maximum
pressures is complicated . So,
[Pmax] = permissible value of the maximum average pressures are
pressure alternatively employed

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Forces acting on mating
surfaces in a combination of
V and flat slideways
• Commonly used in
lathes.
• Orthogonal Cutting.

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 1

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• Substituting value of F3 from equation (3) into
equation(2)

• If apex angle of the V = 90O and assuming ϒ=90-λ, solving

equations (1) and (4) we get:

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• Substituting these values in (3)

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Forces acting on mating
surfaces in a combination of
flat slideways
• Oblique Cutting.

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R

Adjustment of Clearance

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 1

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• From equation (2):
F2 = Fy
• From equation (4):

• Substituting value of F3 in equation (3) we get :

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• The pulling force, R is calculated from Equation (1) on
substituting the values of F1, F2 and F3.

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Determination of Average
Pressure

Average Pressure can be determined by:-

𝐹1
𝑝𝐹1 =
𝑣𝐿 Where,
L = length of carriage
𝐹2 u,v,w = width of slideway faces on
𝑝𝐹2 =
𝑤𝐿 which respective forces act

𝐹3
𝑝𝐹3 =
𝑢𝐿

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Determination of Maximum
Pressure
Refer Fig.
𝑥𝐴 =distance between point of action of normal force 𝐹1 on slideway I and
center of carriage
𝑥𝐵 =distance between force 𝐹2 acting on vertical face of slideway II and
center of carriage
𝑥𝐶 =distance between force 𝐹3 acting on Horizontal face of slideway II and
center of carriage

To determine 𝑥𝐴 , 𝑥𝐵 and 𝑥𝐶 , we have two equillibrium equations:-

…(1)

…(2)

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An additional equation is required to solve three variables. We assume that
the moment of reactive forces 𝐹1 and 𝐹3 about the Y-axis is proportional to
the width of the slideway face.

…(3)

Solving equations (1), (2) and (3), we get the values of 𝑥𝐴 , 𝑥𝐵 and 𝑥𝐶 .

The ratios of 𝑥𝐴 Τ𝐿, 𝑥𝐵 Τ𝐿 and 𝑥𝐶 Τ𝐿 calculates the shape of pressure

distribution diagram and the maximum pressure on a particular face of
the slideway.

The most general case of pressure distribution along the length of

contact L corresponds to a trapezoid.

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The procedure is shown below for slideway I subjected to normal force 𝐹1 .
Force acts on the center of gravity of trapezoid. The
distance center of gravity from larger side of
trapezoid is determined as:-

As a result,

𝐿𝑝 −𝑝
𝑋𝐴 =6 𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 +𝑝𝑚𝑖𝑛 …(4)
𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑖𝑛

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There exist four cases.
1
Case I:-𝑥𝐴 Τ𝐿 < 6

1
Case II:-𝑥𝐴 Τ𝐿 > 6

Case III:- 𝑥𝐴 Τ𝐿 = 0

1
Case IV:- 𝑥𝐴 Τ𝐿 = 6

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Problem

A lathe has two flat , cast iron slideways of equal width and
height half the width . While turning a 100mm diameter
workpiece, the tangential, radial and axial components of the
cutting force were found to be Pz=300 kgf , Py = 130 kgf and
Px = 120 kgf , respectively. The lathe carriage weighs 300 kgf
and 30 cm long . Calculate the slideway width (i.e. u).

Take : h=18.5 cm , b = 200cm,YQ=5 cm , YP = 80 cm,µ = 0.4

,ZQ = 5 cm and XP = 20 cm .

Cast iron slideways can withstand a maximum pressure of 25

kgf/cm2

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 Solution
Given,
Px = 120 kgf , Py = 130 kgf , Pz = 300 kgf , W = 300 kgf , L = 30 cm ,
d = 100 mm = 10 cm , h = 18.5 cm , b = 200 cm , YQ = 5 cm ZQ = 5 cm , XP =
20 cm , YP = 80 cm , µ = 0.4 , pmax = 25 kgf/cm2

u = v = 2w

As the combination of two flat slideways is used .So,

F2 = Py = 130 kgf

300×80 −(130×50) 300

F3 = + = 237.5 kgf
200 2

300 300×80 −(130×50)

F1 = 300 + − = 362.5 kgf
2 200

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Pulling force , R =120 + 0.4 × 300 + 130 + 300 = 412 kgf

Since , u=v
So,
F1xA = F2xC [From the assumption that moments are proportional to the width ]
xA = 0.36xC

From the equilibrium of moments in x direction ,

(120×18.5)+(300×20)-(362.5×xA)-(237.5×xC)+(412×5)=0
10280 – 130.5xC – 237.5xC = 0
xC ≈ 28 cm
xA ≈ 10 cm

𝑥𝐴 10
= = 0.33
𝐿 30

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So , employing the relevant relationship to find the
maximum pressure is given by ,

4 1
Pmax = × pav × 2×𝑥𝐴
3 1− 𝐿
4 362.5
25 = × ×3
3 𝑢×30

𝑢 ≈ 2 𝑐𝑚

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