‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ Q‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﺪ
‬

‫ﻟﻮﻳﮓ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻮ ﺷﻮ ﻳﺪ  ﺑﺮﺳﺘﻰ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﺖ ﺷﻰ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ
ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﺂﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﺑﺎ‪
G‬ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﺠﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪ C‬ﺷﺖ   ﻛﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻰ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺷﺖﻫﺎ
ﻟﻴﻦ ﺛﺮ ﺑﺰ ﮔﺶ  ﭘﺮﻧﻔﻮ‹ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎ
ﻗﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ  ﺑﺮ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺳﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ ‪ CG‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫ ﻣﺪ) ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻜﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻰﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ‪ )¢‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﻋﺎ ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻧﺪ ﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﻤﻪ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ ،9‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ G‬ﻗﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﺴﺖ  ﻳﻜﻢ ﭘﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮ‪ o‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﺲ ‪G‬ﻧﺪ‪C‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﻧﻴﺰ ﭼﻮ‪ 3‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ‪ G‬ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮ‪ 3‬ﭘﻴﺶ ‪G G‬ﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﮔﺎ ﺑﺮﻣﻰﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬ  ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﮔﺮ
‬
‫ﺋﻢ ﺑﻮ  ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻰ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ (ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻚ  ﻓﻜﺮ
ﻧﻴﺎ
ﻣﺮ‪ G‬ﺗﻔﺎƒ ﻧﻈﺮ  ﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﻴﺎ‪ 3‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﭘﺮ‪ G‬ﺑﺰ گ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻳﺦ ﺟﻬﺎ‪ 3‬ﻛﻪ  ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﺟﻬﺎ‪ G 3‬ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮ  ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ‪  G‬ﺳﻄﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻃﻮ‪،3‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ  ﻧﻴﭽﻪ  ﻣﻘﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺮ  ‪.‬‬
‫‪G‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ  ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻗﻮ
 ﻳﻜﻰ ‪ G‬ﻏﺮﻳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪G‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰﻫﺎ
ﻗﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﺖ‪( .‬ﻧﭽﻪ  ﻫﻠﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ   ﻣﺠﺬ‪T‬‬
‫ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ  ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﻮ‪  .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﺬ‪ T‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ) ﺷﺪ  ﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺰ
ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ   ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﮔﺮ‪
 .G C‬ﺑﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ G‬ﻛﺘﺎ‪ T‬ﺻﻮ ﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ) ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻧﺪ ﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﻛﺮ  ﺑﺮ
‬
‫ﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪ 3‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ C‬ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ﻓﺖ  ‪G‬ﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻞ ﻣﺸﻐﻮ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﺷﺪ  ﻳﻦ (ﻏﺎ‪
G‬ﺑﻮ ﺑﺮ
‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﺎ‪ 4‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ ،22C‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ H‬ﺷﺪ‪ 3( G .‬ﭘﺲ   ﺗﻔﻜﺮ) ﺑﺪﻳﻊ  ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮﻧﻪ
ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺶ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ـ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﭘﮋﻛﻰ‬
‫‪ G‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﺳﻞ  ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‪ C‬ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ)‬
‫ﻧﻮﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‪ L‬ﺳﺖ ‬ ‫  ﺧﻼ ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ  ﺑﻮ‪  .‬ﺑﺮﺳﺘﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ   ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ T‬ﺣﻞ ﻛﺮ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪ‪ G  H‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ T‬ﻛﺮﻧﻤﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎ ﺗﻰ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮ‪ G‬ﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﻬﺎ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﻦ (ﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮ‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ (ﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ T‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﺮ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪ‪C    C‬‬
‫ﺗﻼ^ ﺑﺮ‪V‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﺶ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮ‪G‬ﻳﺘﻮﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ
ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ  ﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﻴﺮ‪ 3‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ‪G‬ﺑﺎﻧﻰ  ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮ ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺎ
ﻛﻪ  ‪ f‬ﮔﻔﺘﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻳﻰ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ‪ 3‬ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪ
ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮ;‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‪ 25 ،‬ﺳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ T‬ﻣﺶ ﻛﺎ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻫﺎ
ﺑﺎ‪G‬ﻧﮕﺮ
‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻰ(ﻧﻜﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ
ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺮ‪  3‬ﭘﻰﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‬
‫ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ
 ﺗﺨﺎ‹ ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ  ﻛﺘﺎ‪ T‬ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ
ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻧﺠﺎ‪L‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ G‬ﻣﺮﮔﺶ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻜﺎ‪ f‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ ﺳﺖ  ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻼ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ
‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ  ﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮ‪ 3‬ﻛﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ  ﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﻛﻪ  ﺧﻮ ﻓﻜﺎ ‪  :‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ
ﻓﺸﺮ‪C‬‬
‫ﭼﺮﻛﻪ  ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺮ‪ C‬ﻛﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ (‪ 3‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻴﺰ
ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎ‪ G‬ﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﻂ ﻓﻜﺎ 
 ﻧﺸﺎ‪  3 3‬ﻳﺎﺑﻰ‬
‫ ﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ (ﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻳﻦ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎ
ﻣﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ  ﻧﺪ‪ G .‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎ^  ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ‪V‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻫﺮ   ‪ C‬ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺧﻮ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪G   3‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ  ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ (ﻣﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﻮ‪ 3‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ  ﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮ‪ 6‬ﻛﺮ‪ 6‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫  ﺗﻤﺎ  ‪ 3‬ﺗﻔﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺮ‪G‬ﺑﻨﺪ
ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ  ﺳﺖ  ﻧﺎ ﺳﺖ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺪ   ﻓﻮƒﻟﻌﺎ‪ C‬ﻓﺮ
‬
‫ﻣﻰﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ
 (‪ 3‬ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﺑﺰ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮕﺮ‪ 3‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ   ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺑﺰ
‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮ‪ 6‬ﻛﺮ; ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ <;‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ
ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻮ ﻗﻊ‪  .‬ﺣﺎﻟﻰﻛﻪ   ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻛﺴﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎ
 ﺗﺒﺎŠ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮕﺮ‪ 3‬ﮔﺎ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ  ‪ G‬ﻧﻈﺮ  ﻛﺎ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻮ ﻗﻊ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮﻫﺎ
ﻓﻮƒﻟﻌﺎ‪ C‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪ  ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬ‬
‫ﺟﻮ ﻧﺴﺎ‪3‬ﻫﺎ
ﻳﮕﺮ   ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ (ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺑﻨﺸﻴﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ  ﺗﻼﺷﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ
ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪G  :‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ  ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺸﺮ
ﻋﺎ
‪ G‬ﺗﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻚ  ﻏﻴﺒﺖ ﺧﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﺪ ﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﺪ ﺳﻪ  (ﻣﻮ‪ :G‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻛﺎ‪ ،3‬ﺑﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ  ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ
ﻣﻌﻨﺎ  ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ; ﻣﺤﺼﻮ‪< B‬ﮔﺎﻫﻰ ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ  ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ
ﻧﻴﺎﻛﺎ‪ 3‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ(ﻳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪ 9‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ  ﺷﻮﭘﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ
 ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ  
ﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﻧﺪﻛﻰ ﺑﺮ
(  ﻛﺮ‪‹ 3‬ﻫﻦ  ﻳﺎ ﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎ
ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ G .‬ﻧﻈﺮ  ﻛﺎ ‬
‫ﺧﺮ‪ V‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﺳﺖ ﻳﺪ‪  3‬ﻧﮕﺎ‪ C‬ﻛﺮ‪ 3‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﺎ‪  C‬ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻌﻰ  ﻋﻴﻨﻰ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻣﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ   ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ; ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ (‪  3‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ  ﻫﻤﺎ‪3‬ﻃﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﮔﺬ ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺷﻴﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻓﻌﺎ‪ B‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪C‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ) ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ) ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪ‪  C‬ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﺎ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﺎ‪C‬‬
‫(ﺷﻜﺎ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬ  ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺮ– ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺷﺘﻪ
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﻧﮕﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ
 ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺎ;‬ ‫(ﻣﻮ‪ CG‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺳﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮ ‪ G‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﻃﻮ ﺗﺎ ﻳﺦ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﻰﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﻮ‪C‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ  ﮔﺴﺴﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ   ‪ G‬ﺗﻔﻜﺮ) ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﻧﺸﺎ‪ 3‬ﻣﻰﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ
ﺳﻠﺒﻰ  ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ
‬
‫ﻛﺴﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﮔﺰ ‪ C‬ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺰ ‪C‬ﻫﺎ
 ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻰﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ G‬ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺧﻮ  ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ‪ 3‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ‪ G‬ﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻧﻈﺮ  ﺑﺎ;‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻫﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻰ ﻣﻴﺎ‪ 3‬ﺷﺘﻪ
ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ‪ C‬‬
‫ﻫﺰﺗﻮﻳﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ‪ G‬ﻫﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺖ  ﻧﻪ ﻇﻴﻔﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﻰ  ‪:G‬ﻫﺎ  ﺻﻮ ﺧﻼﻗﻰ ﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﻧﻪ ﺛﺒﺎ) ﺟﻮ ﺧﺪ  ﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ  ﺑﻄﻮ ﻛﻠﻰ ﻧﻪ ﺧﺪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﺖ‬
‫ <; ﻧﺪﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺎ‪3‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ  ﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺎ‪3‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻐﻮ ﭘﺎ ﻛﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﺮﺷﺖﻫﺎﻳﻤﺎ‪3‬‬
‫ ﻳﻦ  ﻫﻤﻮ‪6‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ (ﻧﭽﻪ  ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ ‪ G‬ﺟﻬﺎ‪ 3‬ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻦ ﺑﺴﺎ‪G‬ﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻟﺬ  ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ)  ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮﺷﺎ‪( G 3‬ﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ  ‪ G‬ﺳﺘﺮ‪G f‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ  ﻏﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻰ ﻛﻪ ‪ G‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎ ﺳﺖ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ
‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎ ﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪G‬ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ   
ﺧﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ  ﻧﺎ( ﻣﻰﻫﺎ
ژ ‪ H‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮ (ﮔﺎﻫﻰ  ﺧﺮ ‪
G‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺳﻰ ‪G‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻓﻌﺎ  ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺎ‪ 3‬ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻨﺰ
‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﺎ‪ 4‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ ،22C‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪69 1388‬‬

 ‫ ﻣﻴﺎ;‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﭘﺮ ﺑﺰگ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺟﻬﺎ;‬
‫ﻛﻪ  ﺷﻜﻞ ; ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﺟﻬﺎ;‬
‫ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﭘﺲ ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻃﻮ;‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ  ﻧﻴﭽﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎ‪ L‬ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪  3‬ﺑﻪ ‪G‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﺎ‪G‬ﮔﺮﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﺴﺎ‪G 3‬ﻧﺪ‪G
C‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﺤﺖ  ﺳﻘﻢ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ  ﻛﻨﻜﺎ‪:‬ﻫﺎ
‹ﻫﻨﻰ‬ ‫‪ V‬ﺑﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ‪  L‬ﻛﺘﺎ‪S‬‬
‫(ﺷﻜﺎ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ‪ G‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎ ﻫﺎ
ﺑﻴﺮﻧﻰ ﭘﻴﺮ
ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺧﻮ  ﺟﺘﻤﺎ‪ y‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ  ﻗﻮﻋﺪ ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺻﺤﺖ  ﺳﻘﻢ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ ژ‪C‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ  ﻣﻮ‪G‬ﻳﻦ  ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺳﺖ‪G G .‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ  ﺋﻪ  ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮ‪ B‬ﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮﻫﺎ
(‪   3‬ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺮ
ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪G .‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪:‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮ
ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻧﺪ ﺳﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ)  ﻧﻴﺰ  ﺑﺮﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻼ‪ H‬ﻫﻤﻪ (‪ 3‬ﺳﻨﺖﻫﺎ
ﻧﻈﺮ
ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﮋﮔﻰ ‹ﺗﻰ  ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻳﻖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﻛﺮ ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﺮ– ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ  ﻟﻔﻆ  ‪ 3( G‬ﺟﻬﺖ  
ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﭘﻨﺪ  ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﻪ ‹ﺗﻰ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻰ ﻻﻟﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ G .‬ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻫﺰ ﺗﻮﻳﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ  (‪G 3‬ﻧﺪﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ  ‪ G‬ﻳﻦ  ﻫﻤﻮ ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﻴﺎ‪  G‬ﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮگ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‪ V‬ﺧﻮﻧﺪ; ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ 3   .‬ﺟﻬﺎ‪ 3‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎ‪3‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ  ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎ‪3‬ﻃﻮ ” ﻣﻰﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ”‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 6‬ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻫﺪ  ﮔﺰ ‪C‬ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ
 ﺑﻴﺎ‪ 3‬ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮ‪ 3‬ﺧﻼƒ ﺑﻴﺮ‪ G 3‬ﺟﻬﺎ‪ 3‬ﻗﺮ  ‪ G ،‬ﻳﻦ  ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻗﺎ ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎ‪ 3( 3‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ  ‪( G‬ﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪ 3‬ﻋﺒﺎ ) ﺳﺖ ‪ G‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﻰﺷﻤﺎ ﮔﺰ ‪ ،C‬ﭘﺲ ﮔﺰ ‪
C‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻼƒ‬ ‫ ﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻞ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺰ
 ﺑﻴﺎ‪ 3‬ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻣﮕﺮ (ﻧﭽﻪ  ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﮔﻔﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮ‪ B‬ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻃﻮ ﺳﻪ ﻫﻪ ﺧﻴﺮ )‪ 1350 G‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ(‪   ( ،‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎ
ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ G‬ﻃﺮ‪ H‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ
ﻳﺮ‪ 3‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﺷﺪ  ﻳﻦ‬
‫ ‪G‬ﻓﺰ‪ 3‬ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ (ﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ 
 ﭼﻮ‪ 3‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ »ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﻰ ﺧﻮﻣﺎﻧﻰ« ﺑﺎ ‪G‬ﺑﺎ‪  3‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﻳﺮﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻠﻮ‪ T‬ﻧﮕﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ – ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﻠﺐ  ﺟﺰﻧﺪﻳﺸﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮ‪ 3‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻰ ﻣﻴﺎ‪ 3‬ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬ ‫<ﻏﺎ‪ V‬ﺑﻮ ﺑﺮ‪V‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮ
 ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﻳﺮ‪  3‬ﻗﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﻰ  ﻳﺪ  ﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎ‪ C‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻨﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﻴﻮ‪C‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ
ﺑﺮ
ﺗﻔﻜﺮ  ﺑﺎ‪ T‬ﻣﻮﻛﺮﺳﻰ  ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ  ﺑﺮ
ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ‪ 3‬ﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻛﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻰ(ﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ  ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺎ
ﺳﺎ‪ 3‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺮ‪ CG‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎ‪ 3‬ﻧﺸﺎ‪3‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ R‬ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺷﻴﻮ‪ C‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ‪
G‬ﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻮ‪ C‬ﻣﻌﻄﻮ‪ H‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ‪  3‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺤﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺪ‪ y 3‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺧﺮ ‪G‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ ،H‬ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ‪ G‬ﺟﻮﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ  ﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎ‪ 3‬ﭼﻴﺰ
ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪  G‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ H‬ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎ‪.G‬‬
‫  ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ  ﻛﺴﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ (ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪G‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻓﻮƒﻟﻌﺎ‪
C‬‬
‫ﺷﺘﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﺎ‪ 4‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ ،22C‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬