‫ﻣﻮ

ﻫﺎ  ﺛﺎ‬

‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻳﻮ ﻛﺎ‬ ‫ﮕﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﻳﮓ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻰ * ﺑﺰگﺗﺮﻳﻦ  ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎ! ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪  .‬ﻛﺘﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ  ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ  ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎ; ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ  ﻧﻘﻼ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻰ *ﺑﺎ! ﻗﺮ! ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻜﻰ * ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ  ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ‪ A B‬ﺣﻴﺎ; ﻓﻜﺮ@  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ @ ﺑﻮ   *ﻣﺎ! ﺣﻴﺎﺗﺶ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻬﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ  ‪ L‬ﺣﻴﺎ; ﻓﻜﺮ@ @ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎ! ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻫﻤﺎ! ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻄﻮ ﺧﺎ‪ Q‬ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﻧﻨﻮﺷﺖ‪ّ  ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ@ * ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎ!  ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮ! ﺑﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪D‬ﻳﺎ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ‪ S‬ﻳﻨﻰ ﻣﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ؟‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ * ﻣﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎﻧﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺔ ﺧﻴﺮ  ﻳﺮ! ﻣﻮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ  ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎ! ﺑﺴﻴﺎ@ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮ‪U‬ﻫﺎ@‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ  ﮔﺎ ﻣﺘﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ‪D @ U‬ﻧﺪ‪ * .‬ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎ! ﺗﺎ ﻳﺐ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻰ‪ * ،‬ﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎ! ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ! ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻰ‪ * ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﺮ!‬
‫ﻗﺮﮔﺰﻟﻰ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮ! ﻛﺎﻛﺎﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪ‪ L‬ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎ * ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ  ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮ! ﻛﺎﻛﺎﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﻫﺎ@ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺗﻰ * ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ@ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ \ﻫﻦ *‬
‫ﻛﺎ; ﺗﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ  ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺘﺸﺎ; ﮔﺎ‪ L‬ﻧﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮ‪  .‬ﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻮ! ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ; ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﻮﻫﺎ! ﮔﻼ`   ﺳﺖ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ   ﻣﻴﺪ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺰ@ ‪  !D‬ﭼﺎپ  ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮ! ﻛﺎﻛﺎﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ‪ 1352‬ﻛﻼﺷﺖ ﻣﺎ*ﻧﺪ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻮ‪b‬ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  * ﻧﺸﮕﺎ ﺗﻬﺮ! ﮔﺮﻓﺖ  * ‪ !D‬ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﺸﻐﻮ‪ A‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ  ﻳﻦ ﺣﻮ* ﺳﺖ‪ @ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎ*ﮔﻰ ﻛﺘﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ @ ﻣﺎﻧﮓ * ﻣﻔﺴﺮ!‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ  ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫»ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ«‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪81 1388‬‬
‫' 'ﻫﺔ ﺧﻴﺮ ' ﻛﺸﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮ‪%‬ﻫﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺛﺎ   ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ' ﺑﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ   'ﻧﺪ‪  .‬ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ 'ﻳﺐ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻰ  ﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺪ‪ 9‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ 2‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻧﺘﺨﺎ
ﻛﺮ'ﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ * ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻻ*‪ L‬ﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ@  ﻣﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎ! ﺑﺪﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎ!‬
‫ﻃﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻨﻈﺮ! ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ \ﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ  ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ !D ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺷﻴﻚ‪ّ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺼ ًﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎ  ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪ k‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪  .L‬ﻣﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎ! ﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ  ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ * ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ‪ U‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪ k‬ﻛﺎﻫﺎ@ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ  ﻣﻰﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻧﮓﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺛﺮ ﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ  ﺑﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ ،F‬ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪  ،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﺷﺖﻫﺎ@ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻧﮓﻫﺎ  ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ‪ !D‬ﭼﻨﺎ! ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﻳﻚ ﺛﺮ ﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ *ﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪  .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮ‪ p‬ـ ﺻﺮ‪ n‬ﻧﻈﺮ * ﺧﺎﻧﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎ! ـ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ@ * ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ!  ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ! ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻀﺎ@ ﻳﺠﺎ ﺷﺪ ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ‪ * ،‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪D k‬ﺛﺎ‪ U‬ﻓﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ‪  ،‬ﻣﻮ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ@ ﻛﻪ  ‪ * !D‬ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺘﻪ  ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺘﻪ  ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ  ﻓﻮﻛﻮ  ﻳﺪ  ‪D‬ﻧﻮ ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﺎ‪ b‬ﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﻨﻮ* ﻣﻬﺠﻮ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺳﺖ؛ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪!D‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ@ * ‪D‬ﺛﺎ‪ U‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﻰ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ * ،‬ﻟﺤﺎ‪ u‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻓﻌ ً‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ  ﺷﺎﻳﺪ @ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ‪D‬ﺛﺎ‪ U‬ﻛﺎ ﺟﺪ@  ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺻﻮ; ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ! ﮔﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺒﺎ‪ A‬ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺒﺎ‪ A‬ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ  ! ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ! ﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻠﻪﻫﺎ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪﻫﺎ@ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،L‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ@ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺮ ﭘﺎ  ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻳﻮﻧﺎ!  ‪ ،L‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﺎ; ﻓﻜﺮ@ ـ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ @ ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ * ﺳﺎ‪75 A‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻧﺨﻮﻧﺪﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺳﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪   .L‬ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺻ ً‬
‫ ﺣﺪ@ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪ ﻗﺮ! ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ  ‪ !D‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺷﺎ@ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪﻫﺎ@ ﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎ! ﻛﻼً‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺸﺪ ﺑﻮ‪ّ  .‬ﻣﺎ  ‪ B‬ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰﺷﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ‪  F‬ﺣﺪ@ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪ L‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺷﺘﻴﻢ‬

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ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬
 ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ@ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺬﺑﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻨﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪ .L‬ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﮔﻪ‪  ،‬ﺧﻼ‪ n‬ﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﻮﻧﺎ! ﻫﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ‬
‫‪  .L‬ﻗﻊ ﻳﻮﻧﺎ!  ‪ L‬ﻫﻢ  ﺣﻮ*‪ B‬ﻛﺎ@ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎ@ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ *ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﻮ* ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺎ@ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ; ﺣﺮﻓﻪ@‬
‫ﻧﺠﺎ‪ L‬ﻧﺪ‪  L‬ﻓﻌ ً‬
‫ﻼ  ﺣﺎ‪ A‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪.L‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ' ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﺎ‪D‬ﻫﺎ ‪ 1913  1912‬ﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻞ ' ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻪﻃﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﻞ ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻧﻜﺮ'؟‬
‫ﺳﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ! ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮ‪ F‬ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﻧﻈﺮ  ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺪ‪ L‬ﻳﻚ * ﻧﺤﻠﻪﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻓﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ  ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻰ  ﻃﻮ‪* A‬ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻓﻜﺮ@  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪ ،U‬ﻫﺎ@‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ  * ﺳﺮﮔﺬﻧﺪ  ﮔﺮﻳﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ   ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ * ﺧﻮ ﻧﺸﺎ!  ﺳﺖ‪* .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺌﻮﺋﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺋﺎﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ   ﻳﻚ @ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﺪ ‪D‬ﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻫﮕﻞ  ﺑﺮﻟﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮ‬
‫*ﻣﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ  ﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ; ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪  .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎ! ﺑﺮﮔﺰ@ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﻧﺴﻰ  ﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺔ ﻓﻜﺮ@‪ U‬ﻋﻮ{ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‬
‫  ﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ;  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ  ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﺮ@ ﻧﺒﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﮔﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﻦ  ‪ !D‬ﻗﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪  .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪  p‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ  ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ@ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ ﻛﺘﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ  !ﺳﺎ* ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ * F‬ﻳﺎ* ﺳﻤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎ‪ L‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻢ ﻓﺮﮔﻪ  ﺳﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ * ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ !D‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺮ ﻧﺘﻘﺎ@ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ  ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﻣﻰﭘﺮ*‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻚ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻧﺎ  ﺻﻴﻞ  ﺳﺖ‬
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ
‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻜﺎ@ ﺑﻜﺮ  ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪ‪ L‬ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ‪ p‬ﻧﮕﺎ ﻳﻦ  ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ  ﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎ;‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ * *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﺎ* ﻣﻰﮔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺎ ﺻﻴﻞ ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ' ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﺮ ' ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮ  ﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮ 'ﻳﻨﻰ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ  ﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮ ‬ ‫' ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ 'ﺷﺖ؟‬
‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎ; ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻃﻰ ﻧﻴﺎ* ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﻀﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ *ﺑﺎ!‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﻳﻜﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ; ﺑﻪ *ﺑﺎ!  ﻣﻄﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪  :‬ﺟﺎﻳﻰ *ﺑﺎ!  ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ  ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻰ   ﻳﻦ *ﻣﻴﻨﻪ‪  ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ@ ﻣﺠﻤﻞ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ  ّﻣﺎ ﻓﺸﺮ  ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮ*@ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻜﻴﺪ‪ B‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ّ‪  A‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ *ﺑﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎ) ﻣﻰﻫﺪ ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ! ﻗﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮ@ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﺎ‪ . A‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻰ  ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ U‬ﺑﺸﻮ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮ! ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ّ  .‬ﻣﺎ ‪ !D‬ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ U‬ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ!‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮ‪ U‬ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ  ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ﻓﺮﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼ‪,‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ‪D B‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺧﻼ‪ ،b‬ﻫﻨﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‪ .‬ﻳﻦﻫﺎ  ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺎ! ‪ .‬ﻛﺠﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻮ‪1‬ﻳﺘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮ! ﻧﺸﺎ! ؟  ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎ;‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺮ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ@ * ﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻮ‪1‬ﻳﺘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﻃﺮ‪ n‬ﻳﮕﺮ  ﺧﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﮔﺰﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪ; ﭘﻮ*ﻳﺘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻰﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻰ ﮔﺮ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ  ﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻫﻴﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻬﺎ@ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻮ*ﻳﺘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺖ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ @ ﻳﻜﻰ * ﻋﻀﺎ@ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ   ‪ !D‬ﺟﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﺧﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ  ﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ ‪4‬ﺛﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﻋﻀﺎ@ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ * ﭘﻮ*ﻳﺘﻮﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮ! ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎ‪ A‬ﺑﻮﻧﺪ‪ّ  ،‬ﻣﺎ  ﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎ! ﻣﻰﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻪ‪U‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼ‪ n‬ﭘﻮ*ﻳﺘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺖﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ  ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺶ  ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎ@‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪  L  A‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ  ﺳﻨﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ  ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻏﺮ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ  ﺳﻨﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪ F‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺑﻜﺮ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪D  F‬ﺛﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ  ﻓﻀﺎ@ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ‪D‬ﻣﺪ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻨﻰ‬
‫ ﭘﺴﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻨﻰ ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ * ‪ !D‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﮔﺰﻫﺎ@ ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ  ﻗﺎﻟﺐ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮ‪F‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻮ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﺮ  ﻧﻈﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ‪ !D‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ً‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ * ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ;  ّﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮ‪ U‬ﻋﺪ‪ A‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ  ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ *ﺑﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ ّﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ *ﺑﺎ! ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﺎ ﻛﺮ *ﺑﺎ!‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@ *ﺑﺎ! ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪  ،‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@ ژﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@ ژﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻛﺮ ژﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻛﺮ ژﻫﺎ  ﺑﺴﺘﺮ *ﺑﺎ!  ﻓﺤﻮ@ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ژ@ ﺧﺎ€ *‬

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ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪83 1388‬‬
‫‪ !D‬ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ  ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻫﻜﺎ  ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻳﻦ  ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻬﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ  ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ 693 * A‬ﺑﻨﺪ  ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ * L‬ﭼﻬﺎ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮ ﻻ*‪ L‬ﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﺑﻪ ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺎ ﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ * ﺳﻰ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻔﺼ ً‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﺘﻰ  ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ@  ﺳﻨﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺻﺪ ﺳﺎ‪ A‬ﺧﻴﺮ ﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ‪ !D‬ﻫﻢ ﺿﺢ ﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺧﺘﻼ‪ n‬ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎ  ﺷﻴﻮ ﺑﺤﺚ  ﻃﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺣﻀﻮ  ﺟﻮ ‪ S‬ﻧﻘﻠﻰ  ﻳﻨﻰ  ﻻﺑﻼ@ ﻣﺘﻮ!‬
‫ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎ@ ﺷﻨﻔﻜﺮ! ﺧﻮﻣﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮ! ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ  ﻗﻴﻖ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪ ﻏﺮ  ﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺧﺘﻼ‪ n‬ﺻﺪ‬
‫ ﺻﺪ@ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻰ  ﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺘﻼ‪ n‬ﺻﺪ  ﺻﺪ@ ‪U‬ﻫﺎ  ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ  ﻗﺘﻀﺎ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ@  ﺧﺎ‪L‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺪ@‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻀﻰ * ﮔﺰﻫﺎ@ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ  ﺟﻤﻼ;‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮ! ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﻰﺑﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﺻﻮ‪ A‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻫﻤﺨﻮﻧﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺳﺖ  ﺑﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ' ' ﺟﺔ  ّ‪' D‬ﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮ‪ D‬ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﻮ'‪' .‬ﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰ‪  O ' 9‬ﻓﻬﻢ  ﺷﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﻮ'‪  .‬ﻳﻦ  ﻋﺘﻘﺎ' 'ﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ S‬ﺧﺎ‪ R‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺎ  ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻧﺴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻢ  ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ' ﻣﻰﻳﺪ‪  .‬ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ »ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺖ« ﻳﻦ ' ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ Y‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ  ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ 'ﺳﺖ ﻣﻰ'ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪﻗﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺰ'ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ  ﻫﻢ ' ﺳﺖ؟‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ * ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺟﻬﺎ! ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ  ﻳﻢ‪ ،.‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻫﻢ  ﻏﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ  ﻛﺮﻳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ ﭘﮋ ﻫﺶﻫﺎ‪ 5‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻧﺴﺎ! – ﻋﻘﻞ ﻧﻈﺮ@ ﻟﺒﺘﻪ – ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ  ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﻮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮ‪8‬‬‫‪ 1‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ; ّ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ  ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻞ  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ@ ﻛﻪ \ﻫﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‪D B‬ﻧﻬﺎ »ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ = ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ‬
‫ﺻﺎ« ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻬﺎ!  ﺑﻪ  ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﻮﻣﻦ  ﻓﻨﻮﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ  ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻻ;‬
‫ﻓﺎﻫﻤﻪ@ ﻛﻪ \ﻫﻦ  ﺧﺘﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻓﻨﻮﻣﻦ  ﺟﻬﺎ! ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ »ﺣﻜﻢ ﺻﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ‪  «.‬ﻣﻮ ﺟﻬﺎ! ﻧﻮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﺻﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ  ﺗﻀﺎ  ﺗﻌﺎ{ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ‪ !D‬ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ‪D‬ﻧﺘﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺿﺎ; ﻋﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﮕﺮ ‪1‬ﺑﺎ)‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺾ ﻣﻰﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ * ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪  ،‬ﺧﺮ ﻗﺮ! ﻧﻮ*ﻫﻢ  ﻳﻞ ﻗﺮ! ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ !ﻛﺎ@   ﻧﺪ*@ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ@ * ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎ@ﻫﺎ@ ﻓﺮ@  ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎ@ﻫﺎ@ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ * ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﺧﻮ‪D‬ﮔﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ* ﻣﻰﮔﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺿﻊ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﻛﺎ@ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﺪ !ﻛﺎ@  ﻃﺮ‪S‬ﻳﺰ@ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻣﻪ  ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﺿﻠﻊ ﺳﻮ‪ L‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ *ﺑﺎ!ﻛﺎ@ )ﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ(  ﭘﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬ@ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ  ﺑﺎ* ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ‬

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ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻏﺪﻏﻪ  ﻧﺒﺎ‪ A‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ !‪ ،‬ﺧﻮ  *ﺑﺎ! * ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎ@ ﻫﺮ* ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ@ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻳﺎ !  ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﺋﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺮ*ﻫﺎ@ *ﺑﺎ!  ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﻢ *ﺑﺎ! ﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺠﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ  ﻣﻘﺼﻮ ﻣﺎ  ﺑﻴﺎ! ﻛﻨﺪ؟ ‪D‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺰ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﺳﺨﻦ ﺑﮕﻮﺋﻴﻢ؟ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪*» :‬ﺑﺎ! ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺎ! ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪ «.‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ  ﺧﺘﻴﺎ ‪ L‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻢ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﺟﻬﺎ! ﺧﻮ‪ L‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺟﻬﺎ! ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺎ! ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ّ  «.‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ  ‪ !D‬ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﻌﺮ‪ n‬ﻛﻪ »*ﺑﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺖ« ﺑﺎ ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺮ‪ b‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮ‪D b‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﻴﺪﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪﻫﺎ@ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ; ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪*» .‬ﺑﺎ!«‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﺎ! »*ﺑﺎ!« ﻣﻮ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪*» .‬ﺑﺎ!«‬
‫ﻣﻲ‪1‬ﻧﺪ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ‪ D‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺎﻛﺮ@ ـ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺳﺖ‪* ،‬ﺑﺎ!‬
‫ﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ـ ﻫﺴﺘﻰ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻏﺪﻏﻪ ‪!D‬‬
‫ ﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ *ﺑﺎ! ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻰﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻀﻤﺎﻣﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮ ﺳﻘﺮ‪ F‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮ*@  ﻓﺎ‪ * k‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ*@ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪,‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪ k‬ﻳﺸﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ژﻫﺎ@ ﺻﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻧﻤﻰﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ »ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ*@ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ« ﺗﺒﻴﺎ! ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ; ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻼ!‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﮕﺮ‬ ‫ ﺑﻬﻤﺎ! ﺻﻄﻼ‪ S‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ   ﻫﻢ ﺑﻜﻮﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﻰﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪* L‬‬
‫‪ D14‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ*@ ﺑﻪ  ﺳﺖ  ‪  !D‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﺶ \ﻫﻦ ﻣﻰﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ *ﺑﺎ! ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﺳﺮ  ﻛﺎ   ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﺪ‬
‫‪1‬ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻮ  ﻧﻮﻗﺺ ‪  !D‬ﻧﺸﺎ! ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬ ﻧﮕﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﺎ ‪!D‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ ﺷﺮ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪*» :‬ﺑﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻮ ﺳﺖ  ‪D‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﺒﺎ! ﺟﻮ« ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﺮ‪ b‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ *ﺑﺎ!‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﻀﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺣﺮ‪ n‬ﻣﻰ*ﻧﻢ ﻧﻪ *ﺑﺎ! ﻧﺘﺰﻋﻰ ﻳﺎ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮ‪ L‬ﻋﻤﻴﻖ  ﻛﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ‬ ‫ﻼ ﭼﺎﻣﺴﻜﻰ * ‪ !D‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ *ﺑﺎ! ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ‪D‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮ) ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫\ﻫﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻰ ؟ ‪D‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎ ژﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪* L‬ﺑﺎ! ﻳﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﻫﻴﻢ ﻳﻦﻫﺎ ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻓﻄﺮ@ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ   ﺑﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﻌﺪ@ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪ L‬ﻓﺮﮔﻴﺮ@‬
‫*ﺑﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻰ‪D‬ﻳﻴﻢ؟ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪ F‬ﮔﺰﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ !D‬ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻰﻧﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫‪ 1‬ژﮔﺎ) ‪1‬ﺑﺎ) ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ  ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺰﻫﺎ  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ *  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﺮﺳﺪ  ﺣﺪ *ﺑﺎ! ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪1‬ﺑﺎ) ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ‪ !D‬ﭼﻴﺰ@ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ * ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻣﻰﻓﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ; ﺣﻞ ﻓﺼﻞ ‬ ‫ﭼﻮ! ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ – ﮔﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺆﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﻮ – ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ@‬
‫ﻗﺪ; ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ  ﺗﺌﻮ@ﺳﺎ* ﺳﺖ  ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ@ ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ ّﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺻﻮ; ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺎ! ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺖ * ﻫﺴﺘﻰ  ﺗﺎﻳﺦ‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﮔﻮﺷﺰ ﻛﻨﺪ    ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ! ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ ِ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ ّﻣﺎ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻴﺰ@  ﻧﻤﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺑﺨﻮﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﺳﺖ * ﻣﺜﺎ‪A‬ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ * ﻣﻰﺷﻮ  ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ  ﻣﻰﺷﻮ  ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  *ﻧﺪﮔﻰ *ﻣﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻤﻮ‪ F‬ﺳﺖ‪ّ  ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪ !D‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻧﻰ ﻧﺪﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎ ﻟﻰ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﺮ!‪ ،‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪ!‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﺮ!‪ ` ،‬ﻛﺮ!‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ‪ @D‬ﺣﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻈﺎ  ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻰ ﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻨﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﻟﻰ ﻳﻦ  ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻢ  ﺑﮕﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ@ * ﻳﻦ ﻗﺮ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ‪» :‬ﻣﺮ * ‪D‬ﻟﻮ ‪ !D‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺎ! ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ‪ !D‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺎ! ﻫﺴﺖ«‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰ‪ B‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺳﺖ‪* .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪85 1388‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻰ * ﺳﺘﺎ!  ﻳﻦ *ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ@  ﺑﻴﺎ! ﻛﺮ ﻛﻪ  ﺟﺎ@ ﺧﻮ‪ U‬ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻣﻰﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺧﻴﺮً ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ‬
‫ﻏﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻧﻮﺷﺖﻫﺎ@ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ‪  .‬ﻣﺪﻋﻰ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻴﻨ ًﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ  ﺧﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ@ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻮ! ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻫﻢ  ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺟﻮ  *ﻣﺎ! ﺳﺆ‪ A‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭼﻮ! ﻳﻦ ﮔﺰ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﭼﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ; ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ@ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺟﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﻫﺴﺘﻰ  ﺑﻮ! ﺑﺮ@ ﻫﺎﻳﺪﮔﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ  ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﮕﺮ@ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ  ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮ *‪D‬ﻟﻮ ﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬

‫ﭼﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ] ﻵ  ' ﺧﺎ [ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ؟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻢ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ
 ' ﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻗﺮ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺴﻰ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻧﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ژﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺸﻮﻧﺪ *  ﺧﺎ€ ﺷﺪ! ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﭼﻪ؟ *ﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ  ‪D‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺮ ﺑﻮ‪  L‬ﺑﺮ@ ﻧﺘﺸﺎ ‪ !D‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺸﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮ‪ .L‬ﻛﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎ ﺳﻞ ﺑﻮ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮ! ﭘﮋﻫﺶ  ﻣﻌﻨﺎ @  ﺻﺪ‪ .b‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺸﺎﺗﻰ  ﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻞ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻴﺪ‪ L‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﻳﺸﺎ! * ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﺷﺪ! ﺳﻞ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺳﻞ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﻤﺢ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻞ ﻓﻜﺮ‬
‫ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﮔﺮ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﭼﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ! ﻗﺘﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻰ  *ﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺎﺿﻰ  ﻣﻨﻄﻖ  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ * ،‬ﺳﻞ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ؟ ﮔﺮ ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺮ‪ U‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ  ﻛﻨﺎ ﺑﮕﺬﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫* ﻗﺮ! ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻇﻬﻮ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ  ﺧﻂ ﺑﻄﻼﻧﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎ! ﺑﻜﺸﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎ ‪D‬ﻣﺎ@ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺛﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ  ﻏﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮋ ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺻ ً‬
‫*ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺧﻼ‪ ،b‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ *ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ  ﻫﻨﺮ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ  ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻ ًﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻳﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ! ﺟﺎ‪ p‬ﻣﻲﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  * F‬ﺧﺎ€ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻚ ﺛﺮ ﻧﺴﺎ* ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺮ ﻧﺴﺎ* ﻫﻴﭻ ﻗﺖ *  ﺧﺎ€ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮ  ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﺛﺮ‹ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎ!‬
‫ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ! ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎ! ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ *  ﻫﺰ  ﭘﺎﻧﺼﺪﺳﺎ‪ A‬ﺟﻤﻬﻮ‹ ﻓﻼﻃﻮ! ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺎ! ﺣﺮ‪ n‬ﻣﻲ*ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ * ﭼﻬﺎﺻﺪ ﺳﺎ‪ A‬ﻧﻘﺪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ! ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎ! ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ! ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻼ; ﻛﺎ;‬
‫ﺧﻼ‪* A‬ﻣﺎ! ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎ! ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ! ﻣﻮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺪ‪ a‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﮔﺮ ' ﺳﺎ‪D‬ﻫﺎ‪ a‬ﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ ' ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ _ '' ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺔ ' ﻳﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎ‪ a‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻮ' ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ
ﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮ'؟ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ
ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ' ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮ'‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺪ  ‪....‬؟‬
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ  ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮ! ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ; ﻗﻄﻌﻲ  ﺷﻔﺎ‪ . n‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ ،A‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫*ﺑﺎ! ﺳﺖ  ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ L‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼ‪n‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ A‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﺪﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ‪ 180‬ﺟﻪ@ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺪﮔﺎ ﻟﻴﻪ‪  U‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺠﺎ ﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‹ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎ ﻛﺮ‬‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺻ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮ‪D‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﺮ! ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﻳﺮ‪  ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺮ‹ ﺳﻴﺦ ﺑﺨﺎ‹ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ  ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ F‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 1‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻫﻢ  ﻏﻢ ﭘﻮﻳﺮ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ   ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﻴﻘﻪ‹ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﻪ ﭘﻮﭘﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻔﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺟﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﺘﻴﺎ‪ ، ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪D p‬ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺶ ﺟﻬﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺜ ً‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ
ﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮ ﭼﻴﺰ‹ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ ‪1‬ﻣﺎ) ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ
‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ  ﺗﺌﻮﻳﻚ  ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻳﺰ‹ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪L B  ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻼ‪ n‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ A‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺧﻮ‪ U‬ﻛﻪ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ !D B‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ*‹‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ
‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﺗﺌﻮﻳﺰ ﻛﺮ! ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺗﺌﻮﻳﺰ ﻛﺮ! ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ * ﺑﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ *ﺑﺎ! ﺳﺖ  ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻏﺘﺸﺎﺷﺎ;  ‪D‬ﺷﻔﺘﮕﻰﻫﺎ@ ﻓﺮﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ  ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ *ﺑﺎ! ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪ T‬ﻧﺠﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ*ﻧﺪ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ‹ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻞ  ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺳﻄﻮ  ﺳﻘﺮ‪ C‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﭘﻴﺪ ﻛﺮ! ﭼﻴﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@ ﻋﺪﻟﺖ‪،‬‬
‫‪* ،‹*D‬ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺮ  ﺷﺮ  ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ;  ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮ! ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﻫﻴﻢ ﻳﻦﻫﺎ  ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ  ﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮ‪D‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺒﻮﻳﻢ * ژﮔﺎ! *ﺑﺎ! ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ  *ﺑﺎ! ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ; ﺣﻞ  ﻓﺼﻞ  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ;  ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ  ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺰﻋﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﻴﻢ  * ‪ A‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺰﻋﻲﺗﺮ‹ ﺑﻴﺮ! ﻣﻲﻛﺸﻴﻢ  ﻳﻦ ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﮔﻤﻲ  ﻏﺘﺸﺎ‪ U‬ﻓﻜﺮ  ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ \ﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ  ﺳﻴﺎ‪ b‬ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ  ﺑﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ@ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ@ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﺪ  ﺑﺮ@  ﻳﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ@ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺪ‪ p‬ﻛﻨﻴﺪ  ﻫﻤﻴﻦﻃﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‪  ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ * ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻰ  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ L‬ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺳﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ@ ﻳﻦ ﻧﺪ  ﺑﮕﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺳﺎ*@  ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ*@   ﻫﻢ ﺑﻜﻮﺑﺪ‪* .‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ  ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ  ﻧﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻤﺪ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﺮ ﻛﻮ‪ U‬ﺑﺎ* ﺷﻮ‪ * .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ @ ﮔﺮ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ * ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻛﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪» n‬ﺣﻞ« ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ  ﺑﺮ* ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ@ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮ‪ * ،‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎ‪» U‬ﻧﺤﻼ‪ «A‬ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﻰﺧﻮﻫﻢ  ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ; ﺷﻮ‪ ،L‬ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻬﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺟﻮ ﺷﻮ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ@ * ﻳﻦ »ﻧﺤﻼ‪«A‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ  ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ@ ﺧﻮ ﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ e‬ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺎ‪ c‬ﻓﻜﺮ‪   a‬ﺑﻪ ' ' ‪ 2‬ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ '  ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ – ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﻧﺸﺎ '' ﻣﻲﺷﻮ'  'ﻣﻴﻦ '  ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‪ a‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﺟﻮ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ  ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ c‬ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ  ﻧﻈﺮ‪ c‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪  a‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ ،A B‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﺖ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎ‪ u‬ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ  ﺗﺌﻮ‹ ﭘﺮ*‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻨﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‹ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ  ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ  ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‹ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ n‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ ،A B‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪L‬‬
‫ﻫﻢ  ﻏﻢ‪ U‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪ *ﺑﺎ!  ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ  ﻛﺎﻳﻲ *ﺑﺎ!  ﺟﻬﺎ!‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ ،L B‬ﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺌﻮ‹ ﭘﺮ* ﻧﻴﺴﺖ   ﭘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮ*‹ ﻧﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻨﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﺎ‪ A‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬ‹ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ * L‬ﻫﮕﺬ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ﻋﺎ‪  L‬ﺳﺎ  ﭘﻴﺶ ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎ *ﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻲ ﻣﻲﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ !D‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‹ ﻣﺎ ﻫﮕﺸﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎ; ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ A‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺻﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ  ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ  ﻏﻴﺮ * ﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﻣﻲ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ L‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺳﺮﻛﺎ ﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‹ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ  ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎ‪ A‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ L‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪ; ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼﻃﻮ! ﻧﺰﻳﻚ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎ; ﻓﻼﻃﻮ! ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ‹ * ﺳﺆ‪  A‬ﺟﻮ ﺷﺮ‪ p‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﺎ‪  L‬ﻋﺎ‹  ﭘﻴﺶ ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎ‹ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ  ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺳﺪ ﺟﻮ  ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﻲﮔﺬ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻳﻦ ﺟﺎ*  ﻣﻲﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮ‪ U‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮ‪ U‬ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮ‪ U‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪  p‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻧﺦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ  ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻲﻫﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ  ﺑﻨﻴﺎ‹ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎ; ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ A‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪  L‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪» A‬ﺳﺘﮕﺎ«‬
‫‪D‬ﻣﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ  ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ L‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮ! ﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ‪D  .‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‹ ﺳﻴﺪ! ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ '  ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﺮ'ﻳﺪ  ﻳﺎ ﻛﺘﺎ

ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ' ﺑﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ‬
‫ﮔﻔﺘﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ' ﺑﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ  ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ a‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﺮ'  ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ‪ 2 '  a‬ﺳﻮ‪9‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ   ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ  ﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎ! ﻃﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺎ‹ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻔﺴﺮ! ‪D‬ﺛﺎ‪ U‬ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ  ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ‪ L‬ﭘﻲﻳﺰ‹ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ‪ L‬ﻣﻦ   ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﻧﮕﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ‪ A‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺘﻲ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ  ﻣﻲﺧﻮﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺒﺘﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮ  ﻳﺪﮔﺎ ﺟﻮ ‪ .‬ﻋﺪ‹ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‪ `  L‬ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻋﺪ‹ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮ! ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺑﻲﻋﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻮ ﻟﻲ‬
‫ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﺎ! ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ  `  ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮ‪  .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ L‬ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ‪  L‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﻧﺨﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ  ﺑﺨﻮﻧﺪ  ﺑﻔﻬﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮ! ﻳﻦ  ﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ  ﻳﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺟﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻧﺘﺰﻋﻲ  ﻓﻮ‪ b‬ﻟﻌﺎ ﺟﺰﻣﻲ ﺳﺖ  ﺣﺘﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮ‪  S‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺪ! ﺷﺮ‪  S‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ‪ `  !D‬ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎ‪  b‬ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺖ ﺧﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‹‬
‫ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎ ﺳﻬﻞ  ﻣﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺳﺎﮔﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ * ﺣﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ;  ﻃﺮ‪ S‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪ; ّ‬
‫`  ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ * ‪ !D‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﺄ ّﻣﻞ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ A‬ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺷﺸﺼﺪ  ﻧﻮ  ﺳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ؛‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﻀﻢ ﺷﻮ   ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﻫﺎ‹ \ﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑﺮ‹ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ;ﻫﺎ ﻗﺖ ﺻﺮ‪ n‬ﻛﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ‪ !D‬ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪87 1388‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺎ‹ ﺑﮕﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ  ﻳﻜﺮ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺒﻮ‪ A‬ﺳﺖ  ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻔﺴﺮ! ﺑﺮ ‪ !D‬ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ‬
‫‪F‬ﮔﻔﺘﺎﻫﺎ‹ ﺧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ p‬ﺷﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ' ﻃﻮ‪ D‬ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ‪ D‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﺮ ﺛﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮ ﻗﺮ 'ﺷﺖ‪ ' .‬ﺟﻨﻮ
ﺗﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎ'‪' a‬ﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ S‬ﻧﺪﮔﻲ  ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮ‪ Y‬ﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ  ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻋﺎ ﻓﺎ  ﺻﻮﻓﻴﺎ ﺗﺎ ‪' O‬ﻧﻴﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ' a‬ﻳﺪ؟‬
‫ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ S‬ﻛﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎ; ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ ﺟﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ‪ !D‬ﺷﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‪B‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﺎ   ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺳﻪ ﺗﺪﻳﺲ ﻣﻲﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ *ﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺎ‪ F‬ﻣﻲﻛﺮ ﻛﺎ‪  U‬ﻧﺠﺎ‪L‬‬
‫ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‹ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ  ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎ‪  L‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻛﺮ‪،L‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮ‪ U‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪  U‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻌﻀﻼ; ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼ; ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﻛﻪ ﻏﺪﻏﺔ *ﺑﺎ! ﺑﻮ ﺣﻞ ﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ p‬ﺑﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ  ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻮﺷﻜﻨﻲ ﻛﺮ  ﺗﻤﺎ‪\ L‬ﻫﻨﻴﺖ‪ U‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ; ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ  ﺣﻞ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ  ﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺎ‹ ﺑﺮ‹ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ‬
‫ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ  * ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺮ! ﻣﻲ‪D‬ﻳﺪ  ! ﺳﺮﮔﺸﺘﮕﻲ‪ U‬ﺷﺮ‪ p‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮ  ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‹ ﻣﻲ‪ ،D‬ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ‪ F‬ﺑﺘﺪﻳﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﺶ  ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﺎ ﭘﻨﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺮ   ‪ !D‬ﺟﺎ ﺗﺪﻳﺲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻟﻐﺖ ﺑﺮ‹ ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮ‹ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ * ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻪ *ﻣﺎ! ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ .F‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪ k‬ﻧﺠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮ‹ ﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺟﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻗﺎ  ﻣﺮﻗﺲ  ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ  ﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﺴﺘﻮ‹ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪  !D‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ  * ‪ !D‬ﺧﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲ‪D‬ﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ U‬ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮ‹ ‪  ،‬ﻣﻮ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ! ﺛﺮ;‪ U‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎ*ﻣﻨﺪ! ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﻧﺪﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺘﺼﺎ‹‪ U‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ p‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﺶ ﺻ ً‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﺼﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﺶ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺄﻧﻴﺘﻲ ﻧﺪﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﻧﻤﻲﻧﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ U‬ﺑﻂ  ﻳﺎ ﻧﺪ؟ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ‪ !D‬ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ U‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺑﻄﻲ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﺬ‪  A‬ﺑﺨﺸﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺮ‬
‫ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻴﺰ \ﺗﻲ  ﻧﻲ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺬ‪  A‬ﺑﺨﺸﺶ ﺛﺮ;‪ U‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ! ﭘﺨﺘﮕﻲ‪ U‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫*ﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪F‬ﮔﻔﺘﺎﻫﺎﻳﺶ  ﻧﻮﺷﺖ  ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ‪  U‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ *ﻧﺪﮔﻲ   ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻮ! ﭘﺲ * ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﻧﻮﺷﺖ  ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‹ ﻛﻪ  ﮔﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ  ﺧﻼ‪ b‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ ﻛﻤﻴﺮﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺛﺮ‹  *ﻣﺎ! ﺣﻴﺎ;‪ U‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺬ‪  A‬ﺑﺨﺸﺶ  ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ! ‪D‬ﺧﺮ *ﻧﺪﮔﻲ‪ U‬ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ  € ﻗﺪ;  ﻓﺘﺨﺎ  ﺷﻬﺮ; ﻗﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‪  L‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮ; ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻧﺰ ﻣﻦ ‪D‬ﻣﺪ‪  ،‬ﭘﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ‪ U‬ﺳﺖ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪ‹ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻪ   ﺑﺰﭼﺮﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﺘﻪ  ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ  ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ U‬ﺣﺮ‪  n‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﺮﻧﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ * ﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ ﺳﺖ  ﻧﻪ ﺷﺄ!‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﭘﻮﻳﺘﻴﻮﺳﻴﺘﻰ ﺑﻮ'  ﻣﻄﺮ‪ e‬ﻛﺮ'ﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ' 'ﻓﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ''ﺷﺖﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫  ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ   ‪ ' %‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1977 D‬ﻣﻴﻼ' ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻇﻬﺎ 'ﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪e‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺔ  ) ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ  ﺗﺮﻗﻰ ﺟﻮﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻫﻤﺪﻟﻰ ﻧﺪ '‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ' ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﻪ‪ %‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﻞ ﺷﮕﻠﻤﺎ  ﻟﻮ'ﻳﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﻜﺮ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪ‪ Y‬ﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻓﻰ ﺧﻼﻗﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺗﻴﺘﻮﺳﻴﺘﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﮕﻮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ B‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻣﺸّ ﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸّ ﺎﺋﻴﻮ! ﺳﺘﺪﻻﻟﻰﻧﺪ  ﭘﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻰ ﺷﺎ;  ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎ; ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻰ ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻧﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻢ  ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ@ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،U‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ! ﮔﺮﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ !D‬ﺷﻌﺮ ﻫﺒﻮ‪ *  C‬ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ ﺧﻮ ‪4‬ﮔﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺣﺲ  ﺣﺎ‪  A‬ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺘﻰ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ! ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻰ‪D‬ﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ!  ﺑﻪ ﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮ‪4‬ﮔﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ! ﺷﺮﻗﻰ  ﺗﺠﺴﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ‪ !D‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﭘﻨﻬﺎ * ‪ L !D‬ﻣﻰ*‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﭘﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺑﺮ@ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ;  ﺗﺼﻮ; ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻰ *ﺷﻰ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﺖ ﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ  ﻣﻨﺔ *ﺑﺎ! ﺳﺖ‪!D .‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬
 ‫ﮔﺰﻫﺎ@ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺤﺚ  ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻰ ﻣﻰﻃﻠﺒﺪ‪ !D ،‬ﭼﻨﺎ! ﻛﻪ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ! ‪D‬ﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﮔﻤﻰ ﭼﺎ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ *ﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻰ؟‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺰ@ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪» :‬ﻣﺮ * ‪D‬ﻟﻮ ‪ !D‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺎ! ﻫﺴﺖ« ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺑﻴﺎ! ﻣﻰﺷﻮ؟ ﮔﺮ ﻫﺪ‪n‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ  ﻣﻨﺔ *ﺑﺎ! ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﻫﺎﻳﻰ  ﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪D .‬ﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺰ‪ B‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ !D» :‬ﭼﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ U‬ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮ! ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮ‪ U‬ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ «.‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻧﺎﻣﻪ@‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﺮ )ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ (F‬ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺶ ﺑﺮ  ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ !D A‬ﻫﻤﺎ! ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ  ﻛﺘﺎ ‪D‬ﻣﺪ ﺳﺖ ‬
‫ ﺳﺖ ﻧﺘﺸﺎ ﺳﺖ  ﺑﺨﺶ ‪  L‬ﻛﺘﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪ  ﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ L‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫* ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ L‬ﻫﻤﺎ! »ﻧﺎﮔﻔﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎ«  »ﻧﺸﺎ! ﻧﻰﻫﺎ« ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺧﻼﻗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ‪...‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ' ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ] ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ 'ﺳﺖ ﻣﻰ'ﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ  ﺳﺮ' ﮔﻢ ﻛﺮ' ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺛﺮ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻛﺮ' ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ـ ﻳﺎﺿﻰ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ـ ﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ـ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ' ﭘﻮﻳﺘﻴﻮﺳﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﺮ ' ﮔﻤﻰ ﺑﻮ'‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ  ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﺛﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ‪ c‬ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻰ ' ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻰ'ﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺪ‪ 9‬ﺟﻪ ‬
‫ﺑﭙﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪ‪  ،‬ﺑُﻌﺪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ  ﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ]  ﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻰ  ؟‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺎﻧﮓ  ﻛﺘﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﻮﻧﻴﻢ؟ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻗﺸﻨﮕﻰ   ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﻧﺎ! ﻗﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮ‪ k‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻣﻰﻧﺪ‪  !D ،‬ﺳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﻰ ﺷﻌﺮ@ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻌﺮ  ﻋﺮﻓﺎ ﻗﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ !D ،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ‪1 5‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻨﻰ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﭘﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ@ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬
‫‪4‬ﺛﺎ‪ 8‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫* ﻛﺪ‪* L‬ﻳﻪ  ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻳﺪ؟ ﺧﻮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻗﺘﻰ ﻛﺴﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﺑﺨﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻫﺎ@ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺣﺮ‪ n‬ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻦﻫﺎ  ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺮﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺘﻰ ﭘﻠﻪ ‪D‬ﺧﺮ  ﻃﻰ ﻛﺮﻳﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ@ ﺑﺎ‪ L‬ﺳﻴﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﺪ ﻧﺮﺑﺎ!  ‬
‫‪ 1‬ﻟﺤﺎ‪ W‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﺪ*ﻳﺪ‪  .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﮔﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺘﻰ ‪D‬ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ  ﻃﻰ ﻛﺮﻳﺪ‪  ،‬ﻫﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﻨﻮ‪ 1‬ﻣﻬﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌ ً‬ ‫‪ !D‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ;  ‪D‬ﮔﺎﻫﻰ  ﻛﺴﺐ ﻛﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ   ﺑﺮﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﮔﺰﻫﺎ@ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭘﻮچ  ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ «.‬ﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ* ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ@ ﺷﻬﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺳﺖ؛ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪ )4‬ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﺪ‪  .‬ﻣﻔﺴﺮ!  ﮔﻴﺞ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ  ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮ ﻛﻠﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﻰﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮ ﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ ﭘﻮچﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﻣﻜﺘﻮ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ؟ ﭼﺮ ﻏﺪﻏﻪ‪ U‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪ  ﻣﻨﺔ *ﺑﺎ!  ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ؟ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ p‬ﻗﺘﻀﺎﺋﺎ;‬
‫ ‪ 5‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪ .  U‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺗﻰ  ژﻫﺎ@ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ  ﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪D F‬ﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﻣﺜﺎ‪ A‬ﻋﺪ‪` L‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﺳﻪ ﺻﻄﻼ‪ S‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ  ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﺮﮔﻤﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻬﻢ  ` ﺑﺴﻴﺎ@ *‬
‫‪4‬ﺛﺎ‪ 8‬ﻛﺎ ﺟﺪ‪ 5‬ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ژﻫﺎ@ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ .. Fact، Object، Case‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ !D‬ﺳﻪ ﺻﻄﻼ‪ S‬ﻓﻮ‪b‬ﻟﺬﻛﺮ  ﻋﻤﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺻﻮ; ﻧﻤﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ژ »ﻣﻌﻨﺎ@«  ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮ‪ L‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ژﻫﺎ@ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ  ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺴﺎ‪ b‬ﺑﻮﻧﺸﺎ! ﺳﺮ ﺳﺎ*ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫*ﺑﺎ! ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻳﻦ  ﻋﻤﻮ‪ L‬ﺧﺼﻮ‪ Q‬ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻟﻰ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺨﻦ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎ€ * ﻣﺮ*ﻫﺎ@ *ﺑﺎ! ﻣﻬﻤﻞ  ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﮔﺮ ﮔﺰﻫﺎ  ﻣﻮ@ ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻟﻰ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻰﻫﺎ  ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎ;‪D .‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻰﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮ! ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺎ) ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻮﻧﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪ p‬ﺳﺎ  ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ * ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ   ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ  ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮءﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﺑﻪﻏﻢ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ@ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮ! ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺮ@‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ﻳﻜﺪﺳﺖ ﺳﺖ  ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ  ﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ *ﺑﺎ! ـ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻴﺪ!‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺳﺘﻴﻦ  ﻛﻰ ﻳﺮ ﻛﮕﺎ '  ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﻮ [ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ  ﺳﺎﻣﻮﺋﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮ ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪4‬ﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫'ﺳﺖ 'ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ  ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ' 'ﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ 'ﺳﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎ] ﻫﻢ ﻏﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺖ ﻧﺠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ' ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﺒﻮ'‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺄﻧﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‪»  L‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ \ﻫﻦ« ﺷﺎ@ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪. p‬‬
‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ‪D  @ * B‬ﺧﺮ; ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ C‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪ  ﻋﻘﻞ ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪  F‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ  * ‪ !D‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺞ ـ ﺷﺶ ﺳﺎ‪ A‬ﭘﺲ * ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ‪ F‬ﻳﻜﺮ‪U‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻮ{ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ   ﭼﻬﺎﭼﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻣﻮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺔ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ; ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﻮ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮ‪ F‬ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮ‪ @ * * U‬ﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟  ﭼﺮ ﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ؟  ﭼﺮ ﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ  ﺟﺪ@ ﻧﻤﻰﮔﻴﺮ؟ ﺣﺘﻰ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪89 1388‬‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﻧﮕﺎ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻰ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ* ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻰ ﺳﺖ  ﺑﻄﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ @ ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‪ L‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮ@ *  ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ  ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻚ * ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻳﻨﻰ  ﺧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫»‪ !D‬ﻳﻚ ﺣﺲ ﺳﺖ«  ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ  ﮔﻔﺖ »ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪ  ﺣﺲ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ‪ «.‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ !D‬ﻳﻚ ﺣﺲ ﺳﺖ  ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫*ﺑﺎ! ‪ ،!D‬ﺳﺘﺪﻻ‪ A‬ﻛﺮ!‪ ،‬ﺻﻐﺮ@ ـ ﻛﺒﺮ@ ﭼﻴﺪ!‪ ،‬ﻓﺮ‪ b‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻛﺘﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  *‪ U‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ﮔﺮﻳﺰ * ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎ; ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  * ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ‪ U‬ﻧﮕﺎ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ` ‬
‫ﻫﻀﻢ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﻗﻠﺒﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮ ﻗﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺌﻮﻳﺰ ﻛﺮ! ‪ !D‬ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻳﮕﺮ@ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻢ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻦ  ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻄﻰ ﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ' ﺑﺎ ‪' 2‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﻪﻃﻮ ﺧﺎ‪ R‬ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ' ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮ ' ﻳﻜﻰ‬
‫' ]ﮔﻔﺘﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ ' ﺑﺎ ‪ 2‬ﻋﺘﻘﺎ' 'ﻳﻨﻰ ' ﺳﺎ‪ 1966 D‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ  'ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻰ ' ﺑﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺷﺎﺧﺔ  ﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﺧﺔ  ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻰ ' ﺑﺎ ‪' 2‬ﻳﻦ  ﺟﺎ' ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻤﺰ ﺟﻮ [ ﻓﺮﻳﺰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ' ﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﻓﻴﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎ‪  D‬ﺳﻮ ﻧﺸﺮ ﮔﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺻﺎ‪ Y‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ' ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ‪' e‬ﻳﻨﻰ 'ﻣﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ؟‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮ! ﻳﻜﻰ * ﻛﺘﺎﻫﺎ@ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‪ L‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎ ﻳﻨﻰ؟ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻮ‪  L‬ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎ ﻳﻨﻰ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺆ‪ A‬ﻣﻰﮔﺬ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ  ﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺬ‪  n‬ﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻫﻤﺎ! ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺳﺆ‪ A‬ﻓﺤﻮ@ ﻛﻼ‪ L‬ﻋﻮ{ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ‪!D‬‬
‫ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺪ! ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼ ًﺎ  ﻗﻄﻌ ٌﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎ ﻳﻨﻰ ﺷﺘﻪ   ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﮕﺬﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﻧﻰ  ﺑﻴﻦ ‪D‬ﺛﺎ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻧﺪﻳﺪ‪ .L‬ﻵ! ﻛﺘﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ  ﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ;‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻫﺎ! ﮔﻼ` ﭘﻴﺶ @ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺗﻤﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ  ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  *‬
‫ﺧﻮ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ  ﺳﺘﺨﺮ€ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺮ@ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮ! ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﺷﺎﺧﺔ *ﻳﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺨﻮ‪ .L‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﻣﺴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﻧﮓﻫﺎ‪  ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻘﻴﻦ  ﮔﻔﺘﺎﻫﺎ@ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪F ،‬ﮔﻔﺘﺎﻫﺎ ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﺎ; ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ@ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﭼﻴﺰ@  ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮ ﻧﻤﻰﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ‪B‬‬
‫ﻼ  ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ  ﺟﻨﺒﻞ ﻧﻈﺮ  ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ *‪ U‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ@ ﺟﺬ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ *‪ U‬ﺗﻚ ﺟﻤﻠﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﺬ  ﺧﻮﻧﺪﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ‪ B‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ * ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖﻫﺎ  ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎ! ﻛﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﺛﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ@‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﺗﻪ ‪...‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ 'ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ ﺧﻮ' ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﺮ' ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ  '‪ D‬ﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﺻﻴﻞ ‬ ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮ
‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻧﺴﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻴﺰﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  '‪ D‬ﻛﺪ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ؟‬ ‫ ﺟﻮ ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎ* ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ  ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ *ﺑﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎ* ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ*ﺳﺎ*@ ﺻﻮ; *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎ* ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﺎ* ﺑﻪ *ﺑﺎ!  ﺑﺰﻫﺎ@ ﺑﻴﺎ! ‪ !D‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ژﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎ* ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻳﺎ! ﻣﮕﻰ  ﻛﺘﺎ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪ ﺑﺰگ * ‪D‬ﻳﺰﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎ! ‪LD‬ﻫﺎ@ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ  ﻏﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ *ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ  ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺨﻮﻧﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ‪LD‬ﻫﺎ@ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ  ﻏﺮﻳﺒﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻰﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﻣﺎ! ﻋﺎ@ ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﺟﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠّﻤﺎ; *ﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﻮ ﻣﻰﭘﻨﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻚ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻫﺎ  ﻃﺮ‪ n‬ﺧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ژﻫﺎ@ ﻳﺎ‪ ،` ،@D‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ‪  ... !D‬ﺑﻪ *ﺑﺎ!‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻰ‪D‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻰ  ﺳﻨﺖ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﻏﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪ* ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻜﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻰ  ﻳﻦ *ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻰ*ﻧﺪ  ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ * :‬ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺮ! ﻣﻰ‪D‬ﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﻫﻴﺪ ﺳﻮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﺮﺗﺎ! ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ \ﻫﻦ ﺧﻮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﻰ‪D‬ﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ‪D‬ﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪  !D‬ﻛﺠﺎ ﺟﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻰ‪D‬ﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ@ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺘﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺰ‪ D‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ]‬
‫ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ  ﻋﻤﻴﻘ ًﺎ«  \ﻫﻦ ﭼﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻰ ﻓﺘﺎ ﻛﻪ ‪  !D‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎ ‪D‬ﻳﺪ؟ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ‪  !D‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟ ‪D‬ﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬
‫‪ @D‬ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻰ \ﻫﻨﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻐﺰ@ ﺳﺖ؟ ‪D‬ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ@ ﻧﻰ ﺳﺖ؟ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻨﻜﺎ‪ U‬ﭘﻴﺮﻣﻮ! ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‬
‫ ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ  ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭘﻴﺮﻣﻮ! ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ‪ L‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ  ﻣﻰﺳﺎ*‪ * .‬ﻫﮕﺬ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪* p‬ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ‬
‫* ﻫﮕﺬ ﻧﻴﺎ*ﻫﺎﻳﻰ * ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ‪ L‬ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ; ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﮕﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻫﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻴﺰ@ ﻣﻰﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ \ﻫﻦ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ ` .‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ‪ @D‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺒﺘﻪ  ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ * ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﻰﺳﺪ  ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻗﻄﻌﻰ ﻧﻤﻰﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ   ﻣﺴﻴﺮ@ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺗﺎ! ﺑﻪ ﻣﺔ  ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻳﺪ  ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺎ* ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ@ ﭘﻴﺶ ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎ *ﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﮔﻰ * ﻛﻨﺎﺷﺎ! ﻣﻰﮔﺬﻳﻢ  ‪D‬ﻧﻬﺎ ‬
‫ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎ@ ﻋﺎ@ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪  ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ  ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻰ ﺑﻪ ‪ !D‬ﺑﻴﻨﺪ*ﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﻓﻬﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻫﻢ ﻋﺎ@  ﭘﻴﺶ‬
‫ﭘﺎ ﻓﺘﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﻳﺘﮕﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ * ‪ A‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎ*ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،22‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪1388‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬