Bill Mosley John Bungey & Ray Hulse: Reinforced Concrete Design

Reinforced Concrete Design to EC2 Mosley, Bungey & Hulse
Reinforced Concrete Design
Bill Mosley
John Bungey
&
Ray Hulse
Analysis of the structure
Book support material

1
LOADS
• Permanent Actions: Structural weight

cladding
partitions etc
• Variable Actions: occupants

wind
earth pressure etc
LOAD COMBINATIONS at ULS (1)

• Permanent + Variable - max 1.35G k  1.5Qk
- min 1.35Gk
• Permanent + Wind 1.35G k  1.5Wk
• Permanent + Variable + Wind (typical)

1.35Gk  1.5Qk  0.75Wk

2

1.35G k + 1.50Qk 1.35Gk + 1.50Qk

1.50Qk 1.35G k 1.50Qk
1.35Gk
A C
(a) Loading arrangement for maximum sagging

moment at A and C
(b) Deflected shape
Figure 3.1: Three-span beam

1.35G k + 1.50Q k 1.35G k + 1.50Q k 1.35Gk + 1.50Q k 1.35G k + 1.50Q k
1.35G k 1.35G k 1.35G k
(i) Loading arrangements for maximum moments in the spans
1.35G k + 1.50Q k 1.35G k + 1.50Q k 1.35Gk + 1.50Q k

1.35G k 1.35G k
A
(ii) Loading arrangements for maximum support moment at A

1.35G k + 1.50Q k
UK National
1.35G k 1.35G k Annex allows
A
alternative of
single load case
(iii) Loading for design moments at the supports according to EC2
with all spans
Note that when there is a cantilever span the minimum loaded with
load on the span adjacent to the cantilever should be 1.0G k
for loading pattern (i) maximum load
Figure 3.2: Multi-span beam loading arrangements
6

3

Load Combinations: Ex 3.2
Gk = 25 kN/m Qk = 10 kN/m
A B C D
6.0m 4.0m 6.0m
(1.35x25 + 1.50x10)x6
=292.5kN (1.35x25x4) 292.5kN
(1) =135kN
(1.35x25 + 1.50x10)x4
(1.35x25x6)
=202.5kN =195kN 202.5kN
(2)
292.5kN 195kN
(3) 202.5kN
202.5kN 195kN 292.5kN

(4)
Figure 3.5: Continuous beam loading arrangement 7

First Load Case
A B C D
Stiffness ( k ) 3 I I 3 I
. .
4 L L 4 L
3 1 1 = 0.125
. = 0.125 = = 0.25
4 6 4
Distr. Factors 0.125 0.125
0.125  0.25 0.125  0.25
=1/3 =2/3 2/3 1/3
Load (kN) 292 135 292
 292  6 135  4 292  6

F.E.M 0   0
8 12 8
-219.4 +45.0 -45.0 +219.4
Balance +58.1 +116.3 -116.3 -58.1
Carry over -58.1 +58.1

Balance +19.4 +38.7 -38.7 -19.4
Balance +6.5 +12.9 -12.9 -6.5
Balance +2.2 +4.3 -4.3 -2.2
Balance +0.7 +1.5 -1.5 -0.7
 132.5
M (kN m) 0 -132.5 +132.5 -132.5 0
8

4

133 133
(1) 65
158 158
108 108
11
(2)
103 103
151
100
(3)
109
151
151
100
(3)
109
151
Figure 3.6: Bending Moment Diagrams (kNm) 9

124 168
67.5
(1)
67.5
168 124
83 97.5 119
(2)
119 97.5 83
121 118
110
(3)
85 85
171
85 171
85
(4)
110 121
118
Figure 3.7: Shearing Force Diagrams (kN) 10
10

5

BM & SF Envelopes
151 151 Design for hogging moment of
65 25% of midspan moment at endspan
(a) 11 kN.m
158 158
124 171
110
(b) kN
110 124
171
Figure 3.8: Bending-moment and shearing-force envelopes

11
11

Continuous beams
Providing that:
• there are three or more approximately equal spans
•spans differ by no more than 15% of longest span
•characteristic live load less than dead load
•loading is uniformly distributed
Moments and loads can be obtained from coefficients
12
12

6

Continuous beams
End Span Interior Span
0.11FL 0.10FL 0.10FL
(a)
Bending Moments
0.09FL 0.07FL
(b) 0.45F 0.55F

Shearing Forces
0.60F 0.55F
F= Total ultimate load on span = (1.35Gk + 1.50Qk ) kN

L = Effective span
Figure 3.9: Bending-moment and shearing-force coefficients for beams
13
13

ANALYSIS OF FRAMES
H2
(1)
H1
Half stiffness Half stiffness
H2
(2)
H1
Half stiffness Half stiffness
H2
(3)
Figure 3.10: Building Frame H1
H1 , H 2 = Storey Heights
14
14

7

Substitute Frame: Ex 3.3
J K L M
3.5m
A B C D
4.0m
Beam
600x300
E F G H
6.0m 4.0m 6.0m

350
300
Typical column
section
Figure 3.12: Substitute frame
Same Load Cases as previous example 15
15

First Load Case
A B C D
Cols AB BA Cols BC CB Cols CD DC Cols
M  M  M  M 
D.F.s 0.39 0.61 0.32 0.20 0.48 0.48 0.20 0.32 0.61 0.39
Load kN 292 135 292
+ - + - + -
F.E.M. 146 146 45.0 45.0 146 146
- - + + + - - - + +
Bal. 56.9 89.1 32.3 20.2 48.5 48.5 20.2 32.3 89.1 56.9
+ - - + + -
C.O. 16.2 44.6 24.2 24.2 44.6 16.2
- - + + + - - - + +
Bal. 6.3 9.9 22.0 13.8 33.0 33.0 13.8 22.0 9.9 6.3
+ - - + + -
C.O. 11.0 5.0 16.5 16.5 5.0 11.0
- - + + + - - - + +
Bal. 4.3 6.7 6.9 4.3 10.3 10.3 4.3 6.9 6.7 4.3
+ - - + + -
C.O. 3.4 3.4 5.2 5.2 3.4 3.4
- - + + + - - - + +
Bal. 1.3 2.1 2.8 1.7 4.1 4.1 1.7 2.8 2.1 1.3
M (kNm) - + - + + - - + - +
68.8 68.8 135.0 40.0 95.0 95.0 40.0 135.0 68.8 68.8
16
16

8

BM & SF Envelopes
17
17

BM & SF Diagrams 135 157
135 135
69 69 67.5
95 95
28 (1)
(1) 67.5
157 135
118 118 91 97.5 111
107 107
88 88 (2)
45 45
(2) 91
111 97.5
10 133
77 77 111
106
147
67 115 80 102 (3)
46
(3) 89 92
1 160
79
114 160
147 92 89
102 80 115 67
46 (4)
(4)
1 111 106
79 133
114
Figure 3.13: Beam bending-moment diagrams (kNm) Figure 3.14: Beam shearing-force diagrams (kN)
18
18

9

BM & SF Envelopes
147 147
115 115
69 69
28
kNm
10
118 118
135 160
106
kN
106
160 135
Figure 3.15:Bending-moment and shearing-force envelopes

19
19
Column Moments
37 21 21 37
32 19 19 32
Figure 3.16:Column bending-moments (kNm)

20
20

10

Substitute Frame: Ex 3.4
3.5m
1.35G k + 1.50Qk
1.35G k
=292.5 kN =135 kN
A B C 18
4.0m
16 kNm
6.0m 4.0m
Figure 3.17:Substitute frame Figure 3.18: Column moments

21
21

Lateral Loads: Ex 3.5
5.25kN
3.5
10.5kN 4th
Lateral load = 3.0kN/m
3.5
10.5kN 3rd
3.5
11.25kN 2nd
4.0
12.0kN 1st
4.0
6.0kN
6.0 4.0 6.0
Figure 3.19: Frame with lateral load

See example in text
22
22

11

Shear Wall Structures: Ex 3.6
0.3m 0.3m
0.2m 0.2m
20m
12m
Resultant horizontal
force Fz 10m 10m 10m
15m 15m
F = 100kN
Figure 3.22: Shear Wall Structure Figure 3.23: Symmetrical Arrangement of Shear Walls
23
23

MOMENT REDISTRIBUTION
w/unit length
Increasing load w
Load
Load causes plastic hinges L

to form at A and C when wL2 Elastic BMD
moment capacity reached 12 B M A = MC = M u
A C
Moments at A and C can wL2
not increase. Additional 24
Additional moments diagram
load induces additional (Hinges at A and C)
moment at B
Moment capacity reached
Collapse mechanism
at B. Plastic hinge forms at
B in addition to A and C. Elastic BMD (Collapse loads)
Beam collapses wL2 Final Collapse BMD
12
Collapse and elastic BM
diagram are same shape.
Elastic BM diagram can be
redistributed to give Figure 3.28: Moment redistribution - one-span beam
collapse diagram
24
24

12

MOMENT REDISTRIBUTION
•Equilibrium must be maintained

•Beams or slabs must be predominantly subject to flexure
•Ratio of adjacent spans be between 0.5 & 2
•Column design moments must not be reduced
•Other restrictions on amount of redistribution – see Ch4 –
30% maximum
25
25

Moment Redistribution: Ex 3.9
Redistribute (reduce) by up to 30% which will increase mid-
span sagging moments and change reactions and shear forces
147 Reduce by same amount
115 so as not to change
67 80 102 column moments
46
1
79
Max moment 114 But don’t increase sagging moment
from critical beyond maximum from other critical
load case = loading cases
118 kNm
Original Bending Moment Diagram for maximum support moment
26
26

13

140
67 108 80 102
46
5
79
118
(b) Redistributed Moments (kNm)
134
111
105
90 92
158.5
(c) Shears (kN)
Figure 3.29:Moments and shears after redistribution
27
27

With redistribution:
• the moment at a section of a beam can be reduced
without exceeding the design moments at other sections
• the values of the column moments are not affected
• equilibrium is maintained
28
28

14
Analysis of the structure (BS8110)
BS8110 - key differences
29
LOAD COMBINATIONS at ULS

• Dead + imposed - max 1.4G  1.6Q
k k
- min 1.0Gk
• Dead + wind 1.0Gk  1.4Wk
• Dead + imposed + wind

1.2Gk  1.2Qk  1.2Wk
25
30

15
LOAD COMBINATIONS at ULS

1.4G k + 1.6Q k 1.4G k + 1.6Q k 1.4G k + 1.6Q k 1.4G k + 1.6Q k
1.0G k 1.0G k 1.0G k
(i) Loading arrangements for maximum moments in the spans
1.4G k + 1.6Q k 1.4G k + 1.6Q k 1.4G k + 1.6Q k

1.0G k 1.0G k 1.0G k
A
(ii) Loading arrangements for maximum support moment at A
1.4G k + 1.6Q k
(iii) Loading for design moments at the supports according to BS8110

Note that when there is a cantilever span the minimum
load on the span adjacent to the cantilever should be 1.0G k
for loading pattern (i)
Figure 3.2: Multi-span beam loading arrangements

26
31

Continuous beams
End Span Interior Span

0.11FL 0.08FL 0.08FL
(a)
Bending Moments
0.09FL 0.07FL
(b) 0.45F 0.55F

Shearing Forces
0.6F 0.55F
F= Total ultimate load on span = (1.4Gk + 1.6Qk ) kN

L = Effective span
Figure 3.10: Bending-moment and shearing-force coefficients for beams

32
32

16
End of chapter 3
33

17

Bill Mosley John Bungey & Ray Hulse: Reinforced Concrete Design

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Reinforced Concrete Design to EC2 Mosley, Bungey & Hulse

Reinforced Concrete Design

Analysis of the structure

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

• Permanent Actions: Structural weight

• Variable Actions: occupants

Analysis of the structure

LOAD COMBINATIONS at ULS (1)

• Permanent + Wind 1.35G k  1.5Wk

• Permanent + Variable + Wind (typical)

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

1.35G k + 1.50Qk 1.35Gk + 1.50Qk

(a) Loading arrangement for maximum sagging

(b) Deflected shape

Figure 3.1: Three-span beam

Analysis of the structure

LOAD COMBINATIONS at ULS (3)

(i) Loading arrangements for maximum moments in the spans

1.35G k + 1.50Q k 1.35G k + 1.50Q k 1.35Gk + 1.50Q k

(ii) Loading arrangements for maximum support moment at A

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

6.0m 4.0m 6.0m

202.5kN 195kN 292.5kN

Figure 3.5: Continuous beam loading arrangement 7

Analysis of the structure

Load (kN) 292 135 292

 292  6 135  4 292  6

Carry over -58.1 +58.1

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

Figure 3.6: Bending Moment Diagrams (kNm) 9

Analysis of the structure

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

Figure 3.8: Bending-moment and shearing-force envelopes

Analysis of the structure

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

(b) 0.45F 0.55F

F= Total ultimate load on span = (1.35Gk + 1.50Qk ) kN

Figure 3.9: Bending-moment and shearing-force coefficients for beams

Analysis of the structure

Half stiffness Half stiffness

Half stiffness Half stiffness

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

6.0m 4.0m 6.0m

Same Load Cases as previous example 15

Analysis of the structure

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

Analysis of the structure

118 118 91 97.5 111

Book support material

Analysis of the structure

Figure 3.15:Bending-moment and shearing-force envelopes

Analysis of the structure

Figure 3.16:Column bending-moments (kNm)

Book support material