CHAPTER 2 : DESIGN OF

STEEL BEAM
By : Halina Binti Hamid
 STEEL BEAM

• Beam is a very basic structural element.

• Normally used to span between two supports and
transfers
• load through the bending actions
• Span can be up to 18m. Normally spanning 6 –9m.
• It can be loaded by various kinds of loads (i.e.
distributed or point load.
• These loads may cause the beam to experience
bending, shear, deflecting and also the local stresses
such as buckling.

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 VARIOUS TYPES OF BEAM

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 SECONDARY BEAM
• Normally transferred load
from floor to main beam by
point load action

MAIN BEAM
• Normally transferred load
from floor and secondary
beams to the column

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 MODES OF FAILURE

Bending Shear

Local Buckling Shear Buckling

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 MODES OF FAILURE

Lateral Torsional Buckling

• Lateral torsional buckling is a
buckling phenomenon
observed in unrestrained
beams.
• When a beam subjected to
loads results in both lateral
displacement and twisting.

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 TYPICAL SECTION

• Basically all kinds of section

may be used for beams,
however most common used
sections are Universal Beam
(UB), Channel, Hollow and
Tees
• Rolled I section is used widely
for beam structure

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 LOAD
DISTRIBUTION

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• Beam is a bending moment that its usually subjected to lateral load
(from concrete floor).
• Load from slab are normally defined in ‘q’ (kN/m2) and these loads
are then transferred to supporting beams in either ‘w’ (kN/m) or ‘W’
(kN)
• Load from reinforced concrete solid slab may be distributed to beams
by the following method :
• One way slabs carry load in one direction ( Ly/Lx > 2.0)
• Two way spanning slab (Ly/Lx ≤ 2.0 )

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 ONE WAY SLAB
• Load supported by precast concrete
slab are distributed to beams in one
direction only.

• Hence the precast slab is one way

spanning slab

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 TWO WAY
SPANNING SLAB

• Carry load in two directions.

• For two way slab the ration of (long

side, Ly / short side, Lx ) is ≤ 2.0

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 EXAMPLE

Figure shows a portion of plan view

of a building. The slab system is
precast slab with loading as below :
Permanent action, Gk
Self weight of precast slab and
block wall

Variable action, Qk

Determine the shear force and

moment maximum for beam 1/A-B

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 SOLUTION

Permanent action, Gk – Precast slab with 150 mm and block wall

Dead load in kN/m2 = material weight in kN/m3 x thickness in m
= (24 kN/m3 + 10 kN/m3 ) x 0.150 m
= 5.10 kN/m2

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 SOLUTION

Variable action, Qk
Imposed floor load for lecture hall
(Category C2) ,
qk = 4.0 kN/m2

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 SOLUTION

Design load, w (UDL) = 1.35Gk + 1.5 Qk

= 1.35 (5.10) + 1.5 (4.0)
= 12.89 kN/m2

Total load, W = 12.89 kN/m2 x slab load distribution area

= 12.89 kN/m2 x ( 5 x 2 )m2
= 128.9 kN

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 EXAMPLE
The shear force and moment maximum for beam 1/A-B :

Maximum shear force, FeD = w / 2

= 128.9 / 2
= 64.45 kN

Moment Maximum, MeD = wL / 8

= ( 128.9 x 5 ) / 8 Shear Force and Bending Moment formula

= 80.56 kNm

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 EXERCISE 1

A B C
A typical floor plan for a multi-storey steel frame 7m 7m
building is shown in figure. The floor slabs are precast
slab. All joints are of simple connections. The floor load 1
consists of a characteristic dead load of 2.5 kN/m2 and
3m
characteristics imposed load of 3.5 kN/m2. E F
D
2

Calculate the maximum bending moment of beam EF, G H

3m
J
BH and CJ
3

5m

4
K L M

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 EXERCISE 1 : SOLUTION

Calculate the factored design floor load in kN/m2

Assume the beam self-weight is ignored

Design load, w = 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk

= (1.4 x 2.5) + 91.6 x 3.5)
= 9.1 kN/m2

Determine one way or two way spinning slab

Ly / Lx = 7 m / 3 m
= 2.3 > 2.0 - one way

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 EXERCISE 1 : SOLUTION

Beam EF :

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 EXERCISE 1 : SOLUTION

Beam BH :

Beam CJ :

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 THANK YOU
BE CONT…

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