SUPPORT CONNECTIONS

Three Types of Joints

1. Pin Connection
2. Roller Support
3. Fixed Connection

Note: Pin connection and Roller support allow

some freedom for slight connection.
PIN SUPPORT
PIN SUPPORT
PIN SUPPORT
Assumed Pin Connection
CLOTHES PIN (Joke Lang!)
FIXED SUPPORT
FIXED CONNECTION
ROLLER SUPPORT
ROLLER SUPPORT
ROLLER SUPPORT
 Supports for Coplanar Structures
1. Light Cable or Weightless Link

θ
θ
F

One Unknown.
The reaction is a force that acts in the direction of the cable or link.
 Supports for Coplanar Structures
2. Rollers

Rocker F

One Unknown.
The reaction is a force that acts perpendicular to the surface at the
point of contact.
 Supports for Coplanar Structures
3. Smooth contacting surface

One Unknown.
The reaction is a force that acts perpendicular to the surface at the
point of contact.
 Supports for Coplanar Structures
4. Smooth Pin Connected Collar

One Unknown.
The reaction is a force that acts perpendicular to the surface at the
point of contact.
 Supports for Coplanar Structures
5. Smooth Pin or Hinge

θ Fx

Fy

Two Unknowns.
The reactions are two force components.
6. Slider

M
F

Fixed
Connected
Collar Two unknowns. The reactions are a force
and a moment.
7. Fixed Support

Fy
• Fixed support

M
Fx

Three unknowns. The reactions are the

moment and the two force components
 Tributary Loadings
One Way System : A slab or deck that is supported such that it
delivers its load to the supporting members by one-way action.
Beams

Slab or Deck

Girder Given Load = 4.8 kN/m2

Columns
Idealized Framing Plan

A B
0.75 m

0.75 m
C D 3.00 m
0.75 m

0.75 m
E F
3.00 m
 7.2 kN/m 5.4 kN 10.8 kN 5.4 kN

D
C A E
1.5m 1.5m
3m

Idealized Beam Idealized Girder

Two Way System
(ASCE 7-05 Standard)
If : L2 ≥ L1 and L2 / L1 < 1.5, the load
is assumed to be delivered to the
supporting beams and girders in 2
directions . The slab is referred as 2
Way Slab.
 L2

L1

If: L2 / L1 ≥ 1.5, then One Way Slab

If : L2/L1 < 1.5 , then Two Way Slab
Note: L2 ≥ L1
Example 1: A square reinforced
concrete slab which weighs 4.8 kN/m2
is supported by four 3m long edge
beams AB, BD, DC and CA. Draw the
(a) idealized framing plan, and
(b) the idealized beams with load
diagram.
Solution: 4.8 kN/m2
3m
3m
L2/L1 = 3m/3m = 1.0 < 1.5 ,
therefore 2 way slab

3m

45O 45O
1.5m

3m 7.2 kN/m

1.5m 1.5m
IDEALIZED FRAMING PLAN
IDEALIZED BEAM
Example 2: If one of the sides of
the slab in the previous problem is
changed to 4.5 meter, draw
(a)the idealized framing plan,
(b) the idealized beam load on the
short and long beam.
 7.2 kN/m
ANSWER
1.5m 1.5m
4.5m
IDEALIZED SHORT BEAM
45O 45O
1.5m
3m
1.5m
7.2 kN/m
1.5m 1.5m 1.5m

1.5m 1.5m 1.5m

IDEALIZED LONG BEAM
Example 3: The flat roof of the steel frame building in
the figure is intended to support a total load of 2 kN/m2
over its surface. If the span of beams AD and BC is 5m
and the space between them (AB and DC) is 4m,
determine the roof load within region ABCD that is
transmitted to beam BC.
D C

A B
Solution
L2/L1 = 1.25 < 1.5 , two way slab

4 kN/m

2.0 m 1.0m 2.0 m

B C
Exercise 1: The frame is used to support a wood
deck (not shown) that is to be subjected to
uniform load of 6.5 kN/m2. Sketch the loading
that acts along members BG and ABCD. Take b =
3m, a = 1.5 m D
C E
B F
a
A G
a
H Answer: For BG, w = 9.75 kN/m
a
b
For ABCD reactions : 21.9 KN
Exercise 2: The frame is used to support the
wood deck in a residential dwelling. Sketch the
loading that acts along the members BG and
ABCD. Set b = 3m, a = 1.5m
D
C
E
B
F a
A
G a
b a
H

Answer:
Reaction @ A = 6.48 KN
Exercise 3: The roof deck of the single story
building is subjected to a dead load plus live
load of 6kN/m2. If the purlins are spaced 7.5m
apart, determine the distributed loading that
acts along the purlin DF, and the loadings that
act on the bent at A, B, C, D and E.
 A B
C 7.5 m
D
E
F 7.5 m
4@1.2m= 4.8m
7.5 m

Answer:
LDF = 7.2 kN/m
@A & E : F = 27kN
@ B,C,D : F = 54 kN
Exercise 4: The steel framework is used to
support the 100mm reinforced lightweight
concrete slab that carries a uniform live loading
of 25 kN/m2. Sketch the loading that acts along
members BE and FD . Set b = 3m, a = 2.4m (Hint:
see the Table for Dead Loads)
C
B
D
A
E a
b Answer:
F a
Reaction @ B : 57.2kN
Reaction @F : 95.4 kN