RFID Optimization Question

Q.What is FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

– Each user on a different frequency
– A channel is a frequency

Q• What is TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

– Each user on a different window period in
time (“time slot”)
– A channel is a specific time slot on a specific frequency

Q• What is CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

– A channel is a unique code pattern
– Each user uses the same frequency all the time, but mixed with different distinguishing
code pattern

Q.CDMA Channel or CDMA Carrier or CDMA Frequency

Duplex channel made of two 1.25 MHz-wide bands of
electromagnetic spectrum, one for Base Station to Mobile Station
communication (called the FORWARD LINK or the DOWNLINK)
and another for Mobile Station to Base Station communication (called
the REVERSE LINK or the UPLINK)
Q. CDMA Code Channel

Each individual stream of 0’s and 1’s contained in either the CDMA
Forward Channel or in the CDMA Reverse Channel
– Code Channels are characterized (made unique) by mathematical
codes
– Code channels in the forward link: Pilot, Sync, Paging and Forward
Traffic channels
– Code channels in the reverse link: Access and Reverse Traffic
channels
Q. What is Spread Spectrum Technique?
 Spread spectrum technique, employ a transmission bandwidth that is several orders of
magnitude greater than the minimum required signal bandwidth.
 Sender combines data with a fast spreading sequence, transmits spread data stream
 Receiver intercepts the stream, uses same spreading sequence to extract original data
Q. What is RSSI?
Q.What is VSWR?
Q. What is Frame Erasure Rate (FER)
Q. What is Mobile Receive Power Level (Pr)
The total power received by the mobile from all the neighboring BTS signals

If Pr > -35dB it can drive the amplifier to overload and cause code distortion.

If Pr < -105 dB the signal can not survive and the call will drop.

Q. What is Mobile Transmit Power Level (Pt)

 Maximum Pt = 23dBm

 Minimum Pt = -60dBm

If in the Close loop the MS cannot adjust its transmit power by itself ,but according to
the instruction by BTS, however in the open loop Power control the MS can adjust its
transmit power by itself depending on the received signal strength

Q. What is Mobile Transmit Gain Adjust (TXGA)

 Power Correction, BTS is asking for the MS to make in real-time.

 Zero at the call initiation.

 TXGA is the running totall of the Power control bits.

Q. What is Chip Energy- to- Interference Density Ratio (Ec/Io)

 Chip Energy- to- Interference Density Ratio (actually a form of signal-noise ratio.)

Ec = Energy per chip of a specific pilot

Io = Sum of the energy received at the MS antenna

Helpful in measuring the actual strength of a specific PN carrier.

 Q. Define Drive Test

 Direct method of finding network coverage and finding problems

 To find coverage blind area

 To find imbalance between forward and reverse links etc.

Q.Define Call setup success ratio

Originated calls, causes of call failure and Call Set up Success ratio

Q. Define Call drop ratio

Cause of call drop and Call drop ratio

Q. Define Traffic amount

Traffic density, Soft Hand Off ratio.

Q. Define Handoff success ratio

Hand off success ratio and failure reasons