HCMC University of Technology and Education

Faculty for High Quality Training

POWER ELECTRONICS
www.hcmute.edu.vn
 I. Introduction to PE

▪ Course title: Power Electronics

▪ Course code: POEL330262
▪ Credit hours: 45 (45:0:125)
▪ Prerequisites/ prior courses: Electrical Circuits,
Electronic Principles, Electrical Machines –
Devices, Electrical Measurement
▪ Instructor: Nguyen Thoi, M.Eng.
▪ Contact: Phone: 0982.612.805;
Email: thoinguyen@hcmute.edu.vn

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 I. Introduction to PE
1. Main Contents
1. Power Semiconductor devices;
2. Uncontrolled rectifiers
6 3. Controlled rectifiers
Chapters 4. AC – AC converters
5. DC – DC converters
6. Inverters and VFD
7. Controllers
Extra
Parts 8. Design
9. Simulation
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 I. Introduction to PE
2. What is Power Electronics?
P1 P2
POWER POWER
ELECTRONICS
SOURCE CONVERTER
LOAD

Controller
Vref Vfb
- Convert electric power from one form to another using electronic devices, thereby
controlling or modifying a voltage or current.
- Applications: from high-power conversion equipment (milliwatts or Megawatts) such as DC
power transmission to everyday appliances, such as power supplies for computers, cell
phone chargers, and hybrid automobiles, AC to DC, DC to DC, DC to AC, and conversion
of an AC power source from one amplitude and frequency to another amplitude and
frequency.
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 I. Introduction to PE
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW

Characteristic
Structure - Symbol 5
 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 2. UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

Input Output
- AC AC – DC - DC
- U1, f1 CONVERTER
- U2
= constant = DC

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 1. UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

Some applications

▪ Adapter DC Motor Generator

▪ Batterty Charger Exciter
▪ DC Voltage source

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 1. UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

Some applications

Wind energy UPS VFD

AC – DC -AC

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 3. CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

Input Output
- AC AC – DC - DC
- U1, f1 CONVERTER
- U2,
= constant = Variable

Controller

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 4. AC – AC CONVERTERS
Input Output
- AC AC – AC - AC
- U1, f1 CONVERTER
- U2, f1
= constant = Variable

Controller

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 4. AC – AC CONVERTERS
Some applications

Softstarter
Dimmer
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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 4. AC – AC CONVERTERS
Some applications

FACTS

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 4. AC – AC CONVERTERS
Some applications
TCSC

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 4 AC – AC CONVERTERS
Applications

TCSC

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 5. DC – DC CONVERTERS

Input Output
- DC DC – DC - DC
- Uin CONVERTER
- U0
= constant = Variable

Controller
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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 5. DC – DC CONVERTERS
Some applications
▪ Communication equipment,
▪ Cell phones and digital cameras,
▪ Computer hardware circuits,
▪ Dental apparatus,
▪ Other industrial applications such as
DC motor.

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 6. INVERTER AND VFD

Input Output
- DC DC – AC - AC
- Uin CONVERTER
- U0, f2
= constant = Variable

Controller

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 6. INVERTER AND VFD

Some applications

Inverter

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 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 6. INVERTER AND VFD

Some applications

Wind energy
Solar energy AC – DC -AC
DC - AC 19
 I. Introduction to PE

CHAPTER 6. INVERTER AND VFD

Some applications

UPS UPFC

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 I. Introduction to PE

TEXTBOOKS
[1 ] Daniel W Hart, Power Electronics, McGraw-Hill,

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 I. Introduction to PE

REFERENCES
[2] Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye,
Power Electronics –
Advanced Conversion
Technologies, CRC Press

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 I. Introduction to PE

TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES

[3] David Irwin, The Power Electronics Handbook, CRC
Press,

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 I. Introduction to PE

TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES

[4] Muhammad H Rashid,
Power Electronics- Devices,
Circuits and Application,
4th Edition,

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 I. Introduction to PE

Assessment
1. Formative assessment (F) (50%):
- Class test (F1);
- Assignment (F2);
- Mid-term test (F3): Multiple choices, Essay

Grading: F = (F1 + F2 + F3 x 2)/4

2. Summative assessment (50%):

- Final test: Multiple choices, Essay
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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
A periodic instantaneous pulsed voltage waveform

Average voltage

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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
A periodic instantaneous pulsed voltage waveform

Average voltage

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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
For V(t) with period time: T
➔ Average value: t 0 +T
1
vi(t) [V] U d = U AV =
T  v(t )dt
t0
50

➔ Average voltage:
t [ms]
0 60 80
1  
20 30 50 20 30
VAVG = Vd =   50dt +  0dt 
30  0 20 
The instantaneous voltage
is expressed as: VAVG = Vd = 33,33V
50V,0  t  20ms
vi (t ) = 
0V,20  t  30ms 28
 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
For V(t) with period time: T
➔ Average value: t 0 +T
1
U d = U AV =  v(t )dt
vi(t) [V]

T t0
40

➔ Average voltage:
t [ms]
0 20 30 50 60 1  
20 30
80
VAVG = Vd =   2 tdt +  0dt 
The instantaneous voltage 30  0 20 
is expressed as: VAVG = Vd = 13,33V
 2t [V] 0  t  20ms
vi (t ) = 
0 [V[ 20  t  30ms
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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
For V(t) with period time: T
➔ Average value: t 0 +T
1
vi(t) [V] U d = U AV =
T  v(t )dt
t0

50

0 20 30 50 60 80 t [ms]
-30

➔ Find average voltage?

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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
For sinusoidal waveform V() withperiod time: p
➔ Average value: 0 + p
1
vi() [V] U d = U AV =
p  v()d
0
100

 = wt [rad]
0 p 2p 3p
➔ Average voltage:
The instantaneous voltage
1  
p 2p
is expressed as:
VAVG = Vd =   100 sin d +  0d
100 sin  [V] 0    p [rad] 2p  0 
vi (t ) =  p

 0 [V] p    2p [rad] VAVG = Vd = 31,8V

Where  = wt [rad] 31
 II. AVERAGE VALUE
1. Average values of voltage and current
For V(t) with period time: T
➔ Average value: 0 + p
1
U d = U AV =
p  v()d
0
vi() [V]

100

 = wt [rad]
0 p 2p 3p

➔ Find average voltage?

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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
2. Power value
Periodic voltage and current functions produce a periodic
instantaneous power function. Average power is the time
average of p(t) over one or more periods.
Average power P is computed from

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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
2. Power value

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 II. AVERAGE VALUE
2. Power value

➔ Average power is determined by:

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 III. RMS VALUE
Root Mean Square
V(t), period time: T
t 0 +T
RMS value = Effective value: 1
=  [v(t)] dt
2
vi(t) [V] U RMS
T t0
50

t [ms] ➔ Average voltage:

0 20 30 50 60 80
1  
20 30
=   (50) dt +  0dt 
2
VRMS
30  0 
The instantaneous voltage 20

is expressed as: VRMS = ......

50V,0  t  20ms
vi (t ) = 
0V,20  t  30ms
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 III. RMS VALUE
For sinusoidal waveform V() with period time: p
➔ RMS value: 0 + p
1
=   
2
vi() [V] U RMS [ v ( )] d
p 0
100

 = wt [rad]
0 p 2p 3p
➔ Average voltage:
1  
p 2p
=   (100 sin ) d +  0d
2
The instantaneous voltage VRMS
2p  0 p 
is expressed as:
VRMS = .....
100 sin  [V] 0    p [rad]
vi (t ) = 
 0 [V] p    2p [rad]
Where  = wt [rad]
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 III. POWER DIODE

Basic Structure

Symbol

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 III. POWER DIODE

Diodes in Industrial Applications

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 III. POWER DIODE
Operation
DIODE Commutation Conditions:
The condition must be met before the Diode can be
conducting :

▪ The DIODE must be forward biased (VA  VK).

VA VK
Diode

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 III. POWER DIODE

Operation: Forward Bias

ID > 0
A K
A K
VAK = VF = 0

Practical model: VF up to 1.25 V

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 III. POWER DIODE

Operation: Reverse Bias

ID = 0
A K
A K
VAK < 0

Reverse Voltage VPIV up to 1600 V

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 III. POWER DIODE

V-I Characteristic curve

Practical curve Ideal curve

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III. POWER DIODE

DESIGN?

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 IV. BJT

Basic Structure and Symbol: NPN

N
P
N

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 IV. BJT

BJT in Industrial Applications

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 IV. BJT
V-I Characteristic curve

CE Configuration
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 IV. BJT
V-I Characteristic curve

ICsat
Saturation Gain/active
amplification

Cut-off VCC 48
 IV. BJT

Switching operation: BJT as a switch

Practical model: VCEsat 0.5 to 2.5 V 49

 IV. BJT

Applications

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 IV. BJT

Applications

51
 IV. BJT

Applications

52
 IV. BJT

Protection
+ VCC

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 IV. BJT

DESIGN?

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 V. SCR

- SCR = SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

- THYRISTOR

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 V. SCR

Basic Structure and Symbol: PNPN

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 V. SCR

SCR in Industrial Applications

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 V. SCR

SCR in Industrial Applications

58
 V. SCR
Operation

SCR equivalent circuit 59

 V. SCR
Operation

SCR equivalent circuit 60

 V. SCR
Operation: ON

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 V. SCR
Operation: ON
SCR Commutation Conditions:
Two conditions must be met before the thyristor can
be conducting :

▪ The thyristor must be forward biased (VA  VK).

▪ A current must be applied to the gate of the
thyristor. (IG > 0).
IG > 0 a firing pulse with a
variable angle
VA VK ➔the gate of the thyristor.
SCR ➔ firing angle α
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 V. SCR
Operation: ON
ISCR Commutation Conditions:
And… Only one condition must be met before the
thyristor can be switched off:

➔I SCR A ➔ K  Ih
➔higher than the latched value
(holding current), irrespective of
whether the thyristor is forward or
reverse biased. 63
 V. SCR
Operation: ON
SCR Commutation Conditions:

IG > 0
▪ (VA  VK).
VA VK
SCR
▪ (IG > 0).

▪ I SCR A ➔ K  Ih. ISCR

VA VK
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 V. SCR
Operation: OFF

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 V. SCR
V-I Characteristic curve

IG = 0 IG > 0
66
 V. SCR

Protection
+ VCC

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 V. SCR

DESIGN?

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VI. WHY YOU STUDY

69
 VI. WHAT YOU WILL LOOK LIKE
The T-shaped Engineer
T-Shaped
Engineer

Jim Spohrer, IBM Labs

VII. 6 LEVELS OF COGNITION

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VIII. LEARNING PYRAMID

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IX. THE 4th INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTON
gg

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 X. YOUR MISSION
Bản đồ nền công nghệ thế giới
Phá vỡ trần thủy tinh

Sáng tạo GIAI ĐOẠN 4

Hấp thụ công
nghệ GIAI ĐOẠN 3 Đầy đủ năng
lực để sáng tạo
GIAI ĐOẠN 2 Nắm vững và thiết kế sản
Tích tụ công nghệ và phẩm dẫn đầu
Có công quản lý, có thể trên thị trường
GIAI ĐOẠN 1 nghiệp hỗ trợ, sản xuất sản toàn cầu
Sản xuất đơn vẫn cần sự phẩm chất
giản theo sự hướng dẫn lượng cao Nhật bản-Mỹ-EU
hướng dẫn của của nước
Hàn Quốc
nước ngoài ngoài
Đài Loan
Việt Nam Thái lan- Trần thủy tinh của
Malaysia các nước ASEAN

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