To Study Characteristics of 741IC Operational Amplifier

Objective:
To study characteristics of 741 IC Operational Amplifier.

Theory:

These ICs uses an exterior feedback to regulate its functions and these components are used
as a multipurpose device in various electronic instruments. It consists of two inputs an two
outputs, namely inverting and non inverting terminals. This 741 IC is most commonly used in
various electrical and electronic circuits. The main intention of this 741 op amp is to
strengthen AC & DC signals and for mathematical operations. The applications of
operational amplifier mainly involve in filters, comparators, pulse generators, oscillators, etc.

IC 741 Operational Amplifiers

The triangular form in the IC signifies an op-amp integrated circuit. The current version of
the chip is denoted by the famous IC 741 op amp. The main function of this IC 741 is to do
mathematical operations in various circuits. IC 741 op amp is made from various stages of
transistor which commonly have three stages like differential i/p, a push-pull o/p and an
intermediate gain stage. The IC 741 operational amplifier looks like a small chip. The
representation of 741 IC op-amp is given below that comprises of eight pins. The most
significant pins are 2,3 and 6, where pin2 and 3 are pin 2 and 3 denote inverting & non-
inverting terminals and pin6 denotes output voltage. The differential op-amps comprises of a
set of FETs or BJTs.
Pin Diagram of IC 741 Op-Amps

The pin configuration of the IC 741 operational amplifier is shown below. It comprises of

eight pins where the function of each pin is discussed below.
 Pin-1 is Off set null.
 Pin-2 is Inverting (-) i/p terminal.
 Pin-3 is a non-inverting (+) i/p terminal.
 Pin-4 is -Ve voltage supply (VCC)
 Pin-5 is offset null.
 Pin-6 is the o/p voltage.
 Pin-7 is +ve voltage supply (+VCC)
 Pin-8 is not connected.
The IC 741 operational amplifier is used in two methods such as an inverting (-) and a non-
inverting (+)

An Inverting Op-Amplifier

In an IC 741 op amp, pin2 and pin6 are the input and output pins. When the voltage is given
to the pin-2 then we can get the output from the pin-6. If the polarity of the i/p pin-2 is +Ve,
then the polarity which comes from the o/p pin6 is-Ve. So the o/p is always opposite to the
i/p.
The inverting op-amp circuit diagram is shown above and the gain of the inverting op-amp
circuit is generally calculated by using this formula A=Rf/R1

Non Inverting Op-Amplifier

In an IC 741 op amp pin3 and pin6 are input and output pins. When the voltage is given to
the pin3 then we can get the output from the pin-6. If the polarity is +Ve at the input pin-3,
then the polarity which comes from the o/p pin-6 is also+Ve. So the o/p is not opposite.

The noninverting circuit diagram is shown above and the gain of this noninverting circuit is
generally calculated by using this formula A=1+ (Rf/R1)

For example, if Rf is 100 kilo ohm and R1 is 25 kilo ohm then the gain would be 1+ (100/25)
=1+4=5 If the i/p voltage is 1 then the o/p voltage would be 1X5=5v

Procedure:
  Connect the Op amp circuit with reference to given PIN configurations.
 At first connect the circuit for inverting configuration and choose Rf and R1
 Ground the PIN # 2 of IC and for different values of these resistors find the inverting
voltage gain.
 Now connect the circuit in non inverting configuration and for different values of R f
and R1 find the non inverting voltage gain
 Calculate the calculated and measured gain values
 Now connect the comparator circuit. Adjust the reference voltage by adjusting the
voltage divider. Now change the voltage on other terminal and observe the output.

Observations:

Non-inverting op-amp (IC-741)

Rf RIN Measured gain Calculated gain

1000Ω 1000Ω 2 2

100Ω 25Ω 5 5

Inverting Op-
Amp (IC- 741)

RfΩ RINΩ Measured gain Calculated gain

400 100 4 -4

500 100 5 -5
Conclusions

 The Input impedance of the IC 741 op amp is above 100kilo-ohms.

 The o/p of the 741 IC op amp is below 100 ohms.
 The frequency range of amplifier signals for IC 741 op amp is from 0Hz- 1MHz.
 Offset current and offset voltage of the IC 741 op amp is low
 The voltage gain of the IC 741 op amp is about 2,00,000.