FIRST-AID GUIDE FOR GRADE 10

A. Triangular Bandage

1.) Head = This bandage is used to retain compresses on the forehead or scalp.

 Fold back the base about 2 inches to make a hem.

  Place the middle of the base on the forehead, just above the eyebrows, with the hem on the outside.

 Let the point fall over the head and down over the back of the head.

 Bring the ends of the triangle around the back of the head above the ears, cross them over the point, carry
them around the forehead, and tie in a SQUARE KNOT
   Hold the compress firmly with one hand, and, with the other, gently pull down the point until the compress is
snug; then

 bring the point up and tuck it over and in the bandage where it crosses the back part of the head.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBO0sxzhqQQ

2.) Arm = An arm sling holds the forearm in a raised or horizontal position and
can support an injured upper arm, forearm and wrist. The sling is also a useful visual
warning to others that someone is injured.

What to do
1. Ask the casualty to support their arm with their other hand. Gently slide the triangular bandage
underneath the arm. The point of the triangle should be underneath the elbow of the injured arm.
Bring the top end of the bandage around the back of the neck.

2. Fold the lower end of the bandage up over the forearm to meet the top of the bandage at the
shoulder of the injured side.
3. Tie the two ends of the bandage together in a reef knot above their collar bone and tuck in the
free ends.

4. Adjust the sling so that it supports their arm all the way to the end of their little finger.
5. Make sure that the edge of the bandage by the elbow is secured by twisting the fabric and tucking
it in, or using a safety pin to fasten.

6. Check the circulation in their fingertips every 10 minutes. Press their nail for 5 seconds until it
turns pale, then release to see if the colour returns within 2 seconds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwfBGkBXkFA

3.) Chest = The chest bandage application can also be applied for the back. What is
shown below is the application for the front (chest area). Simply do the same steps on the
back if the bandage is to be applied for back injuries.
1. Locate the apex of triangular bandage, place on the shoulder above the affected chest. In this
case, the affected side is the right side. It follows that the apex will be on the left shoulder if the
left side of the chest is the injured side.

2. Bring the two points at the back, making some adjustments of the base of triangular
bandage.

3. Make a first square knot at the back of patient, make sure the knot should be aligned with
the apex of triangular bandage.

 
4. Make your 2nd square knot, using the longer point with the apex 

5. Hide the excess points of square knot, housekeeping purpose

6. Make some adjustments on the base and sides of the triangular bandage by folding them
outside. This will tighten the bandage and will hold the dressing in place.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=526ZIZvscj4

4.) Palm = This bandage is used to retain large compresses and dressings on the foot or the hand. For the

foot: After the compresses are applied, place the foot in the center of a triangular bandage and carry the point over

the ends of the toes and over the upper side of the foot to the ankle. Fold in excess bandage at the side of the foot,

cross the ends, and tie in a square knot .

casualty

• Place the foot or hand on the triangular bandage with the toes or fingers toward the point, leaving

enough bandage at the ankle or wrist to fully cover the part. Bring the point up and over the foot or

hand to rest on the lower leg or wrist.

• Bring the ends alongside the foot of hand and crisscross the folded ends up and around the ankle or

wrist. Cross over the point and wrap any extra bandage before trying it off.

• Tie off over the point. If the point extends beyond the knot, pull it up to apply the desired pressure.

Fold it downward and tuck under the knot.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jps5SZlTdo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-aCLtsZiho

B. Cravat Bandaging

1.) Palm = The Open Palm bandage application is applied when the injury on the palm is in
vertical or diagonal position. It follows that closing the hand or fist will create more opening of
the wound and this is the reason why the hand is kept open while the bandage is applied.

1. The first step is to place the one fourth portion of the bandage on the palm

 2. Grab the one fourth portion of the bandage and bring it on the back of the hand.

3. Bring the one fourth portion of the bandage toward the thumb side and anchor it on the joint
of the thumb. This will serve as our temporary lock as we move the running end (the opposite
end 3/4 of the bandage).

4. Left the running end (opposite the one fourth end) and cover the one fourth side of the
bandage. 

5. Now that you have lifted the running end and covered the one fourth side, you can then
maneuver the running end as it creates a temporary hold of the whole bandage.

6. Move the running end of the bandage towards the thumb.

7. Bring the running end toward the palm. The bandage should cross over the palm area and
bring the point towards the little finger.
 8. From the little finger, bring the running end to the back of the hand and head towards the
index finger.

9. From the index finger cross the running end again toward the palm and bring the point
towards the wrist area of the hand.

10. As you can see by now, the bandage on the palm area is forming a figure of eight. Bring the
running end again toward the wrist and cross towards the palm bringing the point toward the
little finger. Continue the whole process of figure of eight movements until the running end
becomes short. 

13. Once the running end is short enough, grab the one fourth side end point and make a
square knot with the running end.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKzdiuseEIw
2.) Forearm = The width of the cravat you use will depend upon the extent and
area of the injury. For a small area, place a compress over the wound, and center the
cravat bandage over the compress. Bring the ends around in back, cross them, and tie
over the compress. For a small extremity, it may be necessary to make several turns
around to use all the bandage for tying. If the wound covers a larger area, hold one
end of the bandage above the compress and wind the other end spirally downward
across the compress until it is secure, then upward and around again, and tie a knot
where both ends meet.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9hVPITwHHs

C. One-man Carry

1.) Supporting = Used only with a conscious casualty who can walk or at least hop on one leg.

Can be used to move a casualty a long distance or until the casualty tires.
2.) Fireman = The technique was commonly used by firefighters to carry injured
or unconscious people away from danger, but has been replaced in firefighting due to the drawback
that smoke and heat are greater higher up, and may be fatal to the person being carried

1. Raise the victim to a standing position. This is no easy task if they’re dead to the
world. Start by rolling them on their stomach and kneel by their head. Stick your arms
under their armpits and around their back. Raise the victim to his feet. Lift with your
legs, not with your back.

2. Shift your weight to your right leg and stick it between the victim’s legs. Grab the
victim’s right hand with your left, and drape it over your shoulder. With your head under
the victim’s right armpit, wrap your arm around the back of his right knee. Squat down
and position his body on your shoulders. Try to equally distribute his body weight on
each side.

3. Grab the victim’s right hand with your right hand. Your left hand is free to judo chop
would-be assailants.

4. Transport your victim.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGSl8cupnTk.

3.) Pack strap = The pack-strap carry can be used with conscious and unconscious
persons. Using it with an unconscious person requires a second responder to help position the
injured or ill person on your back. Do not use this assist if you suspect that the person has a
head, neck or spinal injury.

1. Position yourself with your back to the person with knees bent, so that your
shoulders fit into the persons armpits.
 
2. Cross the person’s arms in front of you and move forward while lifting the
person on your back.

D. Two – Man Carry

1.) Fore and Aft =

The casualty is prepared in the same way as for the removal down stairs method ie, the wrists are tied together. The
first rescuer stoops at the rear of the casualty. Reaching under the casualty's arms, the first rescuer grips the
casualty's wrists. The second rescuer stoops between the casualty's legs grasping them underneath the knees. The
standard lift orders are given and the casualty is lifted to the carrying position (Figure 5:35a). Should the casualty
have a leg injury, the effects of this can be minimized by the front rescuer crossing the casualty's legs over, then
carrying them to one side as in Figure 5:35b.

The advantage of this method is that the rescuer supporting the casualty's feet has a free hand with which to open
doors, clear debris, etc.

It is again stressed that the foregoing one and two rescuer techniques are generally confined to emergencies where
removal from the scene is the first priority.

https://www.dvidshub.net/video/590569/two-man-fore-and-aft-carry