Expre PuЫi blng

Virginia Evans

�о�
Express PuЫishing
PuЫished ьу Express PuЫlshing in 2000
UЬ.rty House, New Greenham Park1 Newbury, Berkshlre AG19 6НW
Tel: (0044) 1635 817 363 - Fax: (0044) 1535 817 453
e•mail: lnqulries@expresspuЫishlng.co.uk.
http: '1 vN,w,expresspuЫlshlng.co.uk.
t Vkgtnla Evans, 2000
Des tgn & 111us1ta11on С ex.,.-ess PuЫIShing, 2000
СОtош IIlustraUOns; Nethan
AII rights rвsO<Vad. No pa,t or 1111$ puЬticзlion may ье roproducoo,
з1ored in а гelJievaJ system or transmitted in any torm, ог Ьу any
maans. ele01ton,c, photocopy,ng о, othe!w1>e, will1ou\ 111е рпо,
wnnen permission of the PuЫishcrs.

1$BN 1-903128-51).t

Made in EU

Acknowledgements

Author's AcknO\"Jledgemenis

We would llke to 1hank atl l.he staff at Express PuЫlshlng \\ltю have contлbuted their skilts to producing thls Ьооk, Тhanks are d\le in
panicular to: Sвan Todd (Ed�O< ln Chie�. AJЮr"'v Wright (senl0< edilor}, At>na MJ!ler (edit0<lal asшtant), Mary Stevenson (s"'1ior produc6oo
conttolle�. lhe Express design 1eam, Tony ВОуlо (recordlng produce1 and Erica Тhompзon, Алnе Wh�n. Steven Gibbз and Sa!y Pi<lrce
tor th.elr зuppon елd patience. We would aJso like to thank those lnstitvtlons and teachers who pi�oted the maлuscript, and whose comments
and feedback intluenced positively the productюn o1 the tюok.

Photograph Ac:knowledgeme.nts

С Re:uters for photographs on р. 48

11:) Audio Visv•I lor photographs on pag0$; 78, 81, 107

WhLle cvery effort has becn mt.idc to tmce alJ tho copyrfght holders, Н ::i.ny havo ЬС!еn tnadvertently ovorlooked tho puЫJshcrs wlll
Ье pleaнd to mttke lhe neceuary arrвngements at t.he first oppottunlty.
 Contents
1 Ра11 А Suldellnes 101 Wrlllog ............................................................................. 4
Parl 8 leller Wrlllng ........................................................................................ 16
• lfТТERS
2 lnformal le11ers ............................................................................................... 20
3 formol lellers ................................................................................................. 26
4 Sem1-rorma1 1e11eis ......................................................................................... 34
5 lronsocllonol lellers ........................................................................................ 38
• ARПC\ES • STORIES • KfWS REPORTS • REYIEWS
• Oestr1DIID111
6 OescrlЫnv Peoole ........................................................................................... 42
7 OescriЬlng Ploces/Bulldlngs ............................................................................. 48
В OescrlЫng OЬJecls .......................................................................................... 54
9 OescrlЫng lesll1ols/E1enls/Celebrollons ........................................................... 56
• No11a111es а Kew Reaarls
10 flrsl·person Na1roll1es .................................................................................... 60
11 lhlrd-oerson Но110111еs ................................................................................... 66
120 News Reporls ................................................................................................. 12
· Rerlews
12Ь Re11ews ......................................................................................................... 18
• OISCURSIYE WRIIIHG
• Olscurslre essoys
13 "for ond AgalnsГ Essoys ................................................................................. 82
140 Oplnlon Essoys ............................................................................................... 88
14Ь Pro,ldlno Solu11ons 10 ProЫems ....................................................................... 94
14с le11e1s 10 lhe Edllor ......................................................................................... 98
• Re'°rls
15 Assessmenl & Proposol Reporls ........................................................................ 102
• REYISIDN AND EШNSION SECTION ...................................................................... 109
APPEMOll l llnklnv Words ................................................................................ 145
APPENDII 11 Ooenlng & Closlno Remorks ro, \ellers/Usetul Yocobulory .................. 141
APPENDll III Roles ro, Punc10011on .................................................................... 150
 When you rile е composilfon усш neoed ta u dersmлd the 1уре ol w · ng1 requued.
Yau рlвсе о wrШng сал Ье i the form or е let(er, м artl,cle for а mag,azine/
newspape or а .report.
ше written 1о а perso" (llЧJ!, уоог pen nend, а newspaper editor, etc) or а
group ol i:i,eople (e.g. he st dents' society, lhe local foo!Ьall с ub, etcJ for а specffic
reaso (е.9. ro give тМсе. ю mak� а complгin elc), The,y lnclude:
lrntonmal letlers 1о реои,,!е you kлО\ч we 1. w · en ln а PeISO al chatty s't)lle.
For11ц1I e.tter.s о mзn0gersf cials etc, written ln а polne югmаl styJe.
'Se,mИorma'll lette1rs to people you do not know we11 ог poople уо1.1 know lbut you
�an · [О sound pmi е алd respectiul e.g..в teacn.er о yours, you · реп end,'s paгents,
etc. wmtel"I in а pol' е a:nd respectful sтyte.
СLЕ.З аrв found r maga:zJ es Зflel ne vspapers. 1he 1ollow ng ,e:an ье found i
е orm о · a.n anlcle:
Deкrip ions of реор , plзces. tшildlngs oЬjects, restiva s, oeremonies etc.
Narratl,ves аьа t ,re-aJ or imagi.nary evenls wnicl"I мрреле<I in tl',e, pa:sl. еу cari Ье
vrilten in hё fl1rs'I pe·rson \ffrst erson narratives, wl1e,ri the riler is he main
о As lhe rs.sl band pla.y
lheiг ·nar эong, 1 reJI sad
вd
ct,a acte o.f U slary or in the 1hird pers;an U1il'd1)eFS011'1 n-arrafives} wtien lhe wriler
1
lh.:i е roo1ivaJ was аЬо
is desctibing ,events whicl'I pened1 to anolrier p9rson or gro р ol people. u!
to encl. AII е fu.n mo imls
Ne\•1s reports about curren · r,ecenl events (e.g. fires, accideпls, elc) wr1tt.en in о, the veak PiSSOO through
1:mрё so · s yle. · �/S reports р esen laots objectrvely and erno ionalty. my miлd ln а spJft seoo1:1
тv
l�eviews йistu�i g а itm. р og1am · е, ьао • res aurant, ,etc ana r-.кommend ng Dc!Мl'lgi fo lfie, Ьеаt or · he
d.
it or no\ о е rea.-aer. ,
musfc, l laoked at my frie· d
Disa.r.rsiw es�s aoout argume111s oorкem parficu s bjects. They in · е:
3 nd s.a 'd, "1 са1111
wait �:.ш ·1
"For antl Aga пs essays w Joh pr,�enl llie pioo and oons on а specifк. 1.оргс nm ува s Jш. FeslwaJ ·
OpinBan Essays, wtlith ргеsепt the ,шi1tn"s ре sonal apinion on1 а. s,pec-ific topic
Pill'tWidlng Solulions; to PraЫem,5, 1 ich diSCtJ.-ss .з proЫem d .� causes, makin91
suggesliaлs ;and · ntioning the expec:ted resul s and ccnsequences

•
l.дlters to 1he IEdiklr \',"hich presenl е riter's personal opirifon о 1 а specilic top·
or he wriler's sugges ions o:n а speoilic pro 1em. Dt8r- AIJr1 Clira ,
AEPORtS а,е formal pieoos oi writJng and have а spec/ с oJПlal. алd f eatures. They r !11 OOll)' aboot nat
rюlude: �l}'lr'� \;() '!JO lt;t; �
Assessment eporls: discusslng "tl'le sui аЬШtу af а person, plaoe, pfan, е с for а �r Ьtr� l'vg i?'i!!l!
paлicular р rpose, аЬ, eic. с ttr.t:'i Ь1.1 )у.
P1opoзals repoзis d. cussing suggesПans Cll decislonз about М re actloos. �� wмl:I 1 irl 1
Fa,irw а pr.1�1tioo а& .а
rtJl'!;j�ry !1Ghool tt MI"
1 Rcad tlle с. tm 1 ·G aiod dcdd:r. �·bi.tb 'l)1JC ur ·,·riti'n,g th У or� Гщm I n 11 61"1. 1m
wondc 1?
U]=1 Lhi1rd pers.o1.1 narru i,· [[[] io om1,1I 1�н r
:n:J rom1al .1 tt"r III] d riptioo. of а р оп.
[I[J d
о
Г. 1 ре �n nam L\' rip i n о it fe:-li r;d
[][] descriptior.i of а plar, Doot::i':e is !а.11, slirn 1шd
а 1rac1/!Je; wJ11'1 rorig ьrown
hai and ЬeauШLII Ыuе ,eyes.
She llkes wearing smarl
dlothes and always looкs
• wt,e,'I tl 11n'iw:d� IXI la, NЗЭ ,gcюd.
aud. 1 � 11,f!rtJ Ek"IOJ d.

4
 n I t iw-nct.1 ш, е brigh1 unligbl \\'3..'i s rc ming [bn,щgh �iY 8то�
dr ош u low. · 1. \,а· itlno н to gct lШI of I d, 1 lie: ,rd а 11 1. Fюm:
Ms М Тi , Peгsooncl Mwge,
м, Т Bmwn, Senlor Assis1ant
rnin fron1 ·tl1. kitchen down I i . Assmmerit of RоЬ:ел ID
Dete: 1в1h february. 20 ...

AruD:a. 1s а llny smм lfl lr!!
С:апЬЬitЗ1'1 Sea. \t iS orily 29
kl c:ime в!; 0 · north cc,a;t of
v n!Э"lue1a, Wlt ,ls while se"dy
ьea.ohes and i:;le8l ue aters,
Аг1.1Ьi\ i!: lhe perteci р1аов for а
relax пg IIOI ОЭJ4.
СЭ, Fi, f�\, oll h/1 cl1i oj jl,11 lитМ
lntroduc.tl:01i1
о ршроsе of lflis rероп is to assess tne
s1Jrtabfaty of ADIIOrl Du11kaл I lhe рооШоо
of SaJ� Manager г our .эhор lп Вrunwкk,
Ьt
рrсл irl,d i'illi laтg, тf1щ$11 Ьт.� ..{п
fldrJili1m tn r/11 . ,-,,,,sid 1ls ,;/t,ш/(J Ьi'
11i lпir 1 1 lo ll1mu• ,ш/ 1/lti1· ml1hbl1
оп!• 11J ,1igl1I. l'Jn. rJ'lm/d 1· ull i11
mfu,iu l/1 ш1тип af mhhbli i,)
111 $/rt, l.\ rlmin 111 iln;·.

пr,е from.

I:=J propo al reporl [[[] а m nt 11 pon.

• тье cas1 is е-хсе lenl зn Mienae J Foi
s pertec1 ai 1:11 VOtCe of S1tJart ·ur •
for мd �-a'inst с rn=J rн r .р n ith h0 LJBe о oomputer animвtiaп,
rl reic [f[] opinion �-5.ilj
Stuart 100kg more 11 е а fi:al mouse an
в �1'!'00.n mo1JSe. co11vi111::in
· !шi n. 10 Yie е э ha 1'1е r.s а
mln re actor.
Тhе coo,blna1ion ol
comp er anima n a.nd
8) 1Four people wете kllted and eleve'n wer,e seriomJy mjurвd .. ,vhвn two nve actiorn is sLJperЬ.
-_..-...
planes collided an lhe run.way at l..eland AJ rpQrt ea,tv lhls mom1 g.

D дll in all. 1 bвlieve thal newspapвr:s р!ау an imporf;D t role in

our lives. е1 еер U5 informed oboul world ews щ; well 1(.)s
р ov'ding iГ1j13·re:;lln9 reading mote t cl.

5
 u:nill' 1 Ршl Goide:lines for ri1 ng

То, p!an your composition fOU need 1:о uщJe sland lhe rub:ric i.e. he
compositio" nslюdions. Aead . е rubric car,efu11y and ш,dаГnе е lk _ у
word p.li\r.ases wлich wiJI t,etp уоо ocrde t you will wri е аЬоо . Kev
wordS/pnra.ss,.s in .-_ iсаю:
11
1f maglnary· sltua�lon1 you ·11 w1i е а:.Ьо t ,e.g� Уои: ere а repcmer •• to
wпr;e аьот oroke
а fi«J which щ last nigh ... } lhis can a.lso gge:s ho
you are (e.g, а reporter . , wha1 na.s nappened ie.g. fire · oke out), erc.
the lmagl111ary reader who i<S going ю read уоuг 9·есе of ri in� (e.g.
fhв manager о! fle compaijy уои waf; tor has asked уои lo wri ·e .. , ) ,
is, 'NIJI he р you declde on е wrIOng style 1.е. е аррrорм е s.tyle of
languag'e • foгmalflnformal, ett you should use.
пе type, of wr tlng {�.g. а le· ter, an' гrricJe descrlblng гп вvвп уои
д!le-mJed1 elc)
• lhe specJflc tQpie:s YQIJ snould lnc.lude ln your answe (e.g. descrfЬe
rhe pl:aoe ,and oomment оп ilS good зnd b:ad painrls} 1 ·� ho i-; gomg lo read )IOUr piew I
, ritiщ;?
S udy 1ne example Ье pw.
2 \ hat i · th i11щ1 ion',
1 2
You work f,or а travel maga2:ine. Your editor h�as ask,edxou LQ 3 \. hat l)'PC о{ ool]l{}OSili m ·!1 uld
3 4
wri'le an arl;icTe, discussi1ng the pro·s and cons or ail' нavel )'(Ш 'rj[?
Tnc'luding fac-tor.s such as c.ost and convenien.ce. 4 \� hat р ific wpi ·tюuld yuu
1 itu 1iоп. inclшre?
2 rt.: 1;r
.э · i,e ofwriting
4 specifi юр
. 5 Reщil tl1 rol rk an;d
u1Ddet1!in1 l:he kE,y
1111,еп n r tllle q11e ["'

3 Read h, ru,bric Ь. l,n'\\1 und m_ fch tl1e nu,mb · ro. U1e foJ!o о.е You are а 'WТfler 1:or an
'l·юdiпw: 1ntema:I onaJ Engltsh-language
ma.ga:z ne. Your edit,or has
• mufer ......... . • :pt,t.'i.fic. rap1a ......... asked you f ог а S:hort arfic!e
.i!Ьout а famo·u.s person fюm
• it11atitm ...... • rype of wriliлg .........
·1he twen · eth century that you
.ad- lre. Wr е yo-ur ar1icle,
1 2 aoout tl'ie pers.on1, deэotiЫng
Уош best fliend ls spendin.g the summer iп your oouпtry апd пoods hlS/he-r personallty as wetl аэ
з ·1he reasons. you adm1re himJ
amrioe. Wri[ei а !e-tl.er advising him where to go ЗJndl i,чha:t to do and
her.
1в11111g him appro,:кimat.e!y how much money he shoukl bring.
t Wha:t Lyp of oomposi1ion js Lhi
а tblrd р rsoi 11armtive
а , п:щ1I lc;1ter
4 R!ead 1Lh ru'bri.c 0.111d ciufc tb. cor:r ct в:n -i\\'Cli to tbc (JU •.,-оп · thn11 d n pti\J arti le
ru Jщ- Darvaw
You wotk in а iocэl toшisl omce. The monag,er :has asked you 1:о w.rite· .:. \�'h , · .. going 10 read · 1.1 ,
а reporl on .а new reslaufanL wh.id-1 nas Jusl opened ln уош lown. ·OOP)JIO'itiori?
Write уоо repon desotiblng the restaurэr11, lhe food w1d the service your Ь t fri nd
ere а d oommentiп91011 ils good an:d Ьэd poinls.. В yourediюr
6
• \\ l1i h or 1h f. llcм•ing I meo't .
ar1.: true ·. ir-clc.
.\ nu ·h �•I I wrilc aЬouL ·
fantous pe'F 11 } u ha1.·� Шtl
В У u mu I d' ·rtb lшJЬer
persorшlit
У 011 sl1 uld give rca.son ,vhy ou
'it!:шir. 11u р rюп.
D Your ,articl · bo11ld Ьс вЬоut .
fctli1IOU arti. t or r;i.e1111" 1 о the
igJ1t -nLh с riru.ry.
Е У ri11 ma in 1ude �·our ,vn
fe 1 in,g oout tl1e :1· :r J1.
Which uf Lhe folki ing topicь тип
you i11cl ud , 'rcle.
А Th ad 1La1• - шid d'iы1d an[ages
оП ir1g fаnюш _
В Persoli1a1 qualit.it>S and
clla·n1ctt; · ·t i -.
е l1Ifom1at'o пЬ ut thc pe:rson s
�,mi I bш:kg;rшшd.
D Rc why }'OU dmirc. hiim/h r.
ь ·wь.1сь ..f ,:ь 1\\'о р ор е
1i�J, ,1,· wt uld .,rm Ье. ,мil:a!Me
ror 1сшr .art[ 1 е? ·, � 1.
-RAI SЮ JIIN(I fO ID - ·
Write dowл any 'deas, юrds алd phrases 1hз you сап nk о1 which relate
lo lie �pecilic tQpics or your compOOitioo,
Group 'flШr ideas, croosl f! ouL any lrrel:evan't ,ane�, and рш lhem nl:O а
tog1ca! оюе.г,
Check your fdeщ; are elewnl to i Lopic(s) ln the ruЬric,
& п I Re,1�1 11,i= rul!Jri с in �- _, 5а , а uim ond i· ···'� the 111pic · tbпt унu
· bou:ld ioeJudc iп you.r air'liir,Je.
• Vi'h юu atlп iт,с 1he · m ....... • pewnf1li1y
• look. 11 d 11рре .ra,noc • lrщbЬie. arid int J !;I
Ь,, � ok · , lhe "' ,rd · pbra· · l!J..:IQ\t• п:nd 't)' Wlh'cli luJ•t frum � Ь 1
U[ •у are linked 1[0.
., help;ed 1110 iп need • соше Lifc \ 'as d vo[ d Lo 0U1еп;
,, ··!П • doш1t1:d munt:y lu cl1aril)'
•, oon'llpй.. iошне t pa[i ГI[
8' .ouru eou ,
_. ТН LAYOIJТOFYOU. СО_ РО· 1Т1
Your ·deas shooldl Ье 01gэ ise into ра a.gra.pn!:. Тhе r.ayor.rt of mмt types
01 wr ng со slsts о three parts.: а. lnt.roductlon, а ma'ln body and а
conclusloл.
1 lnlro 1.1.ctlo
The irrь-odudiof! 1.е, d1e irsi ращgгэрh, 1s а :short pa,цgrapl, whose purposc
iS 10 giv1Hh� Nder а 9eneral idea (lf tlne subjecl ot lhe composi Jon.11
shoutd mlradt lhe rooder's a:ttenoon so lha1 he/Shв wan1Б ю oontirшe readшg.
о Воdу
ТМ m�Jn Ьоdу 1usually со sists of tw.o ,or ore parag,raphs and i1s purpose
is to develop points re1aled to itle subjec:t of lh-e compositian. T1ne n . mЬШ'
о pa.ragrs..,ornз алd the way you dMde , em depends on the ·specif.ic toplcs
01· u,e compos· an. Eam par gmpt, should dool wl polnm r i!lla1:1Эd 10 the
1
ume !aplc. Whenever .vсш · ,s.cuss а nev, !оfЖ, you stto�kl begjn а new
parag.reph.. For e:wnp е, з for мd ag.atnsl �, 1ле main1 ооау sttoul'd
havв lwo pamgraphs: orie d1эcusslng ;е po]лts or, алd вrшlherdiscu.sslлg
lhe ,points agej - s .
ю са u 1 ,_
Тhе conclu:s1oo ls а sho nal paragraph ini whieh you can summanse е
mai111 rdea ii· the s.uЬje Щ resta: е, your opln 0111 ·n d. etel'il word's, make
general aomme.nts, �ress уО1и Yeellngs, etc.
7 ·\\llliclt of r1- @S ю:рr slwubll you imc1пdf io 8he i.n'lrшl11.e1йr-y
mhiDJ:
p.a.1·0..gr-aplJ (lf ,ПО urtieJc d,e П JIOГJ Ш!I J19U ,3.dmШ 'f Cu:cle,
t1 na1 oomme:n · аЬщ1� tb р r n
В , ho t�1e perюn i • and ,..-h)' )'OU t1dmire lh m
,v11at tltc ре . loo . like ш1(I what ·typ о cloil1� th )' like \\' ctr1n ·
1
 Ь \\lf( ih nf l'h ', topic bould you :iшcl ude iп fh,
1
flJП h ion of;·1.1 r J ·� 1 ic!1 uf t�r �l"CJ "' ·� ,1 ·hi · •
art.icl ? 1п nтi ncd? What х mpl

л ge.n r. l, n,шi;:11 and fc -1ing,s:: �Ьtшt 1111,; р r ,л

В pcr nв.1 quвl.i1i of the pe.r-so11
Ь· ·kgrou111.I i11 ,mшti n ;шtl а nievem пts: .1 r tlie р r�tini

,8 (,tj ad rl е ard me and 1, Ье! tl , р raп,-Jphi "1'lh11JJc :h,,ea.din

] 1l1e111 ,ао . 1111 • ti 1n. , 1 · ··
• jinлl ro11Jmenlslfi 1ing
• pcr. orral qm1tiii ·
• l't'll'Slm , mi admirf! 11,er
• р (; м'н tШlt олd rea сп ro11 с/10 е h r
�П1 р люn 1 .э:dn1ir,c m0)::-1 fro111 ti1e L" 11ti_·tl1
ntury � - �oll е 1 1;1 с fl. 1 r, gf1 u h _·r а. tiщ:
of th kind s:1 зщl шо t с ing рсо1 l · ll1c
,\rorld h r kп , . n.
ре
lt OLl1 r. � od n, · r рш
11 .:r ш n ri ed. i • t. ·hc wa. al о егу
conra ous aod ш.· .г ·tlюнgbl аЬ ut tbc ri ks
hr:, \V · t king , · 11 n 1ooking afte1· реор! ,1;1]10
1N 1 k d_i11 .
\, ,hai. 1 adn1ire и10, t :d Jul. Motl1 r
Ma,in body pafagra,phs sncшtd
be9in with lop1c s,entences. д
1,oplc sent:e,nce inlroduci!s or
summa,rses lhe юатn Lapic ol l.he
paragraph an ,givвs U,e read ш1
idгa of whm е p-aragr ph ,,Ш Ьа
iЬou
Para 1
The topic 5entence бhould Ье
fo310\'te<J ьу s11pport1ng1 sentences
мhlch provide e�amp es, dela:ils,
easons, us I icзtiQГIS and/o
he e'l.m:1enм 10 sщ:ipor 1·he top\c
P.ara 2· se111ence.
� 'Jlwre ar,e manv dJS.
� - advanm�. to air tmvct,
Rrs!ly, plsne faIGS IIUQ
extrem� high. f:or e,xampte,
rl уоо choa,se !о ltavel f rom
London 1о Manr;hest0r Ьу
Par:a З
raln, you w.11 d nftely рау
less ttnan you wovld if yoLi
'trave11ed Ьу рlале. oreover,
Ьeing on а plane 1or о rs
сап Ьeliring.

Т re, i. no 1 11gi::r \ itЪ u. Ll1e.

р 1·are. of-fi ring Ь., lp to tlшse i.n ne-ed.
1 admiri Moth r Teresa. not un]y bocш.li·e
sb,e was u g:e.n rщ1 · and kii:1d·l1 arted р п,с ·
91 :R,ead ·J:he art с!е in 8 ,3 ln
bul, aliso Ь ·aus li r accompJi. l1m 111. 11.:1:
3 0.nde:rline tbc f pi, e1,t1m,«- in
i11f11.1enc:cd р pl all cr rl1 wo.rld. {·[ 1; the 11aii1q Ьоо)' parng 1,1, a.n,d
hardl urpri. i110 tl,at . iш, h r d atl'I jп 1 9 rh n �pla f tlie.1• ,11 Ь tbe 011.
() ]О\ •
h h ееп r gard,cd а tru aiпt.
l 1
1 Wf о i t11 • nicl f!lmut.
l 'Nbat ju Шicati n are iv.cD to i1pport the t 1.emeni 1 at -мoLhe·r 2. Mott er ,v

в
Т re.s;t " 3 а. · 1 Пс р ri"'1 " ri 1cing ре ' i .
 1
0 1 t\ilatL'!I ·tbe t p,ic ntcnc · to, the рпr gr pl1 , � here i оп. ,сх r.ц '1 :2 RcщJI tk • topjr cnfl.!ПJte Ь •tow
�opic 'l!iИ'tl!:nce lhal. )'• u 00 nol. necd, lu 1111 е.
1
111.d tЫиk or app.11oprb 1i�
·u.pp n,in ml.i;п 1.: . to
г 1r � n� tlii.щ1, th�r1; ш, for 't ,паnу са n �he roa .. complttc , 'h р , ph. 11

ire ar шаnу u111 nt iп ra,,'our of Ьal'lning са [rom it}1 ntre . 111 tk ' IШ!JJЖC�
e-v · , а cil 'с_ nlre \,\iinoul 1raffic do Jш, _ it di ·;:itмшtil,. • ".
.g. C11tl1�ri111.: i а · · • р11 !.ly t ·ела с .
{1с is ralJ ст I lim i�·itl, dшk ki,1
''' ., • ., .............. ! .,.,.,.�••••S�11•• '"
n,ui lm сш,fу lzair. S/1� 1 i1af61 ¾'&ln
1;�··th�·;:;��··�j···: . :··it·�--�;�11dc:nti
,.1 .. , • "'••••••••''

Ь lp ln r tit• � po11u i�n. j а, and Т, ftfri •

1,; ulu Ье а hca[LnPr
Th' n1eans tl1at the. ei� \\!

rc, ;i � 111d Ьс
pl fl! , to livc a:n 1 '·ork i11. nrt.h •rmo Му rh r i а han .· m man.
• d Lhc 1ш·е.
са i r [or р d lri,ш t! , v. i:11 • roun
·
" itl 1 ou\ h,1ving 1 ro " Ъus.. rш.1 · I.

r;:� ·��·· ·ilir·; �· . ·;�;··��.�;·:· �·: · �id· i�· · ·ь�;,·i� · :·_ ·;

с� roн'I шighl ind j1 1noon нiелt to tra el lo 11 1,
·,1 ' с nt r • l>y рuЫ1 . 1 rnn
p,i: t, for!.:.ll\'i r • for lh
'��() Hv i п tJ1 .ity air lifc ' . , uld Ь.:
·omr ,q,L!i !с
,d1lfi u!r а tnc:y uld noL Ье uЫс to мk tl1cir
CII'
n ar tli •ir hоп, • ·.
1,3 Rt li1 tbc рп rв rnpb 11.1 1 ао.т
tbwnlt tif 11pprripnnie !flpic
S1t2111 ., 1:юеs fo oomple:�, tl е11.•
Ь • \\�1ich рас[ f Ы1с compo.sition do he.s paragmphs bcloпg to -
l1e intri lucti n 1 • r t· i1 ОО)' м 1h сс11 lusit 11·.
• �tat do Jtou tl1ink 1!1 шр1 of tbl 001111:ю "itiшi · . 1,,••••11•••••11•••"' 1 1 ••••••••!ltн.1,,,.,.,.,., • .,,. ••• �····-···"'"'"

_______ .......... ., ........ . , ........................ tt11111••••••11••

• Wh t EJ:ie' о m iti 11 re th tr [-rom.

. irst ) .tl! it is с'hеир r tJъ�n
Ь11. iн d signrн:lt 111 . � Ыс1наn
11 :Read 1U1.f topie . entl.'n.re iD bo1d then е1юо е 1.iн.• 111ost sui'l:ahl 1
bi: · ei;• хр . iYe. \ ha'I i. m rc.
·пppomni cnteп, · • • h) lo oompl,�1� the pпm�n рЬ. i t,u 01:ake yuur uw11 c1otli у u
с ·п ci �ign i h rn �>Ш 11 1 \ 11 � у
Оп tbe- еtЬ. r lt1<J nd, t h rt ; r , argum 1111 im fз 1D1Jr ,of t,cшfil :m,, ............ th-m.

8 "-"11•••1111 ... 1 •.• , , �

.... ,�······ 1 1 1 1 ! ! ,
, .... .. ... • 1 1 1 1 1 ii-•••·
··

1;1•··· ................., ••••.... ' •• �····�--�-.... 1:1 .. , .......... ff'

То t CPin "rЛ1i h. mddic.:1il r1.: ·i:arch

i lly, to1ш.s.m ю1 l1t:lp ·. du t= 11111.:1111111 �·.me.n't in rtn ilr .i 11 � u lh,:
iю · · ery : ;реп 'i\•e. М rco, " г
jaЬs it pнwid for lo I peoplc.
11cl1 ГСаеаr: 11 С..'11111 1 k У(:;,ш; t
Fu1 1tli • ш Р. lt 11risю и,1 I 1il LI\' 11i:11ttl"3i iк.a1Jt nf аrнн ::.. ·liш ·111 е ru r u/c, L 1. l l ut
niл l t, l 1.1Б n tim ii', oft п
\\111.11 i mщ: , tne pюl'irt · rom l1дLri m ·an Ье � :red 10 improvc roa( ·,
wш ,te 1 011 fXp ri1П1.;П1I '\\'Ьiсlз do
h pita 3.lld ho
11 1 , ork.
D [n .dd11ion, . tшr. n"t and 011,1' 11i l1t1p m rcltar
 �nlf 1 P1 or1 А. 1Guldelines lo'f 1ritimo

15 Read tihe mr.1ct 1.1nd rщ

(111 1.lie 1

corrrr, LililMn.g ио11d rioom Llic

• LJnlQng words/plшises mв:k.e your wrl ng morв inleresti g to � е r,eader, li t bclu
and ваз ег о nderslancl.
SO'me li lrrg ord'.s je.g. a,rd, Ьвсаиsе, ьш. эо, s пев etc) ,carn jo"n two Jor . mmpl, • zat i то1с а а
short илt 6 ir,10 о е longer sentence. ul� щ1 rlu: orh r lumd
,e.g. Не is �r. Нв l$ hard-woddng. •
Нв's vhмJf ,111d twd-woddng. \� t.ching film iH 1he cinemiil Ь•
.Апп ts oopP"J. Shв � hвr,amms: ilf'
rn ny advantag . То beg.i11 wi1h,
Ала ts happy Ьвовш�в shв plJ888d her IШШJ8.
• Some I n lng woтdв/phrзm (е.91, ln add1'rkm, Whar fs more,, Нowever. Ол rnodern cin m, м u uмly quipp 1
lhв orher h·eJ1d, вtс) зhow how ldeas are related elther betw1een · о ,vith tl1c Ial. [ tec:nn lagy. L) ........... ..
sen ences or two paragrв,phs, .................................... , Jitn .Ьа . eaer
,e.g. l hsv$ wmten to )IO.U lhteв r!m&S al/ea�. • pict1.1re апd ou:rid quali!), 2 , ............, ...
1

I sti/J llave oot re-cвtved а rep/'t ftOm уои.

•

I Ьаvв wlitten to уои lhree tfmes вhudy. Нowerer, 1 sJJn hвvв lI01 ............................... u сnп · е aU th
recelvвda mpJy 1mm уои. l'a[ ·t film Ets oon · · Lbe нrе relca ·�d.

irsl Firslly he emp1oyees ,, о delivвred IJie сею er vвrв extrвm rude

p {
ccm lain · and careless. Wllilo installing t•he appliant:e they made а i'he cincma ]1п с rl in drnwЬac · , 4
actdirng con.si e.rable mess, !hеп th� eft without lidyjng lhe kitthen u .
I , .. , .. ,................................. 1he prke of а
П'IOl'l:I iюlnts
ti :ket. сал ,expemive and cinema are
se«irюi {. furlh rmore, aflor they· ad gопе, 1 noliced that the ccake wa.s.
�-C!Пlill ·n1 oodty scratched and lhe оре almg rмtn.Idioris: were mtssm-g.... of1e11 C'f'O\"IOOO.
с peci 11.
Linking worc1 · phra!se•s, сэn ье used ta: a.t \X'l.;;ckcn
• slriov, L1me: whe.tn, whene�8f. Ье ore, ile:, as soon аь, e,tt
• 1�1 paints от sMw seque11c:e,: firsl�y), lo stм w ith, ne:жl, �nап:,1, ela
• ,add more· pofnts: ennore, mOf'f:IO'Jer, ln addi1юrl, мd, вtso, whaJ is ппе, etc
• :Sihow св1.1sе or effмt: Ьecause, sinae as а resull, so, G(lfiSequ:eл 'i, е с
• ,glve exвm;ples: lo !nstoooo, о e:xample stюh as, es.pe 1ly, etc
• з'how contmst: horreve 011 lhe other hand, despi[e, lhouyh. в с
• �nhroduce а conclш,ton: all in all, ю ooпclu. 0, ю sum up, finafly, etc
(for more e:xamp1e-s we Аррепd'х 1) ·t 6 1100� the ,cerroc:,1.
Ь'kшg , юr phrnS' ·to joiri
tlh • ;mt.ence

1 irni-111 failcd lbe �.am, 11 J1 d fl, r

i11,dl �d nough, ( in . \ 11:it 1 """'

2 Ord ring tнke-a\\'R. food is \'Cif

oonvement. [.·сап� ra1her
expcn iv''. itllou Ь Sl!lcb .......

;1.ron \, 1:щ1с:d то та th foo[ba 1

mэ.tcn. Hi. 111otl1�r ·011ld1 t lci
l1im. Ъu 1he.m11re) ............. ,........

11
 Un11 Purl А G�tdell es 101 1ritlno

па re bolida са n Ье ve • rin ng. Thr.: · сап. bi.; quite dш1ge rou bu.� 18 lR! ad l.hc fuUoнiпg h gmoing�
ьd .................................................................................................................... w1nlil emrli:п • 3п1I. i.d.e.nl f} \\1 1 i.. h
mrn leeibn·lqu:e the ,mt r
L �l.ar!ed geНtng о ld, ] p:i1t 0111 а ju1111 е , so, а ) ..................................... lш . u· e;d iп1 ен:Ь.

Тh li ird r r aid it р rfс tly afс. Т/1с che,mical in th ·d)"e madc

my ba'ir tum green. · \1en rllln Ь� aJ о ..... .,............................................. J \V11_ are pwpl о оЬ d wit11
1Ье " ' ather' ln my opinion, tht:
··lima·11.: pf · .. ·t mhjor roli: in thc
1 7 RepL '. lbil i·nldog \'ilJJ,d ,ьm5r :n ьuid '"iitlil i,)'OU:t!l)'ШU:JII •1,11]
way ,;, ,е ооЬа е.
frum tl'lt li 't IЬ-Lo,.•

:2: [ am. urc t.hat mo t of у u, at

t\Ъ:it J , а alking h me s.J\\' ,tn, , icl , n t, оп�с· pomt iп your li\re • bave
с 11 idcn.:.d ta.riin )'011r O\W
_ Не wa L) m i.п P'oland.. о hc can t Ье. pani h.
busin . Howe\ r, 1 doubL th.at
_ Your m: сЬ nic t.o 'k thr d } to fax n1y ar, iп · p.it f th ract that it
ШillJ}'. f' · 11 h·м.: а luaJJ,
�uir, d апl;• minor rерш
There ;re m[Ш рlш:е ·t1,1 isit i11 Rome like t11 • С 10'. cu.m 1h Тrс. i
Fo1.шtain мd the: Pant.heo11�
� Althot1c,m. RacJ1cl i rnl "'rgic 't( tlogs, 'h • 1( V • Lh ·п,. 3 Ir \ d' k, tom1y mght. Frank
"1Ш alone ш tli ,wюden саЫn at
1Ье юр of tne rn0\\1-co cred
nю1.1.ntain. Th. � ·iпd ,w · hmv;l.i 11g
WRmNQ ТЕ MNI UD and Fraok afraid. 'udden1 ,
�] 1: \\'А 1'111.tng r.нching а\
There аге а vз ie у of wr' ln.g tectiniques you can us� lo mзke yo1.1r 'th,; cfoor.
со posl on mo е lnter·es г.g о lhe reвder.
То begin or end уо111г вssay you шш•
- addreзs ·lhe ireacler dТ:mrn:ly· l.e. l!e as il you were speaklng to himJher.
e.g. Уои,агп .fmaginв rtnat Nfв would'Ьeiiks without wate,; 4. а 0.11 ·okc нр to ·tl1 01.1nd of
- use ·direct speec.h ю ;tvв s-omeьociys exaect 'IOl'ds, 1 qu:otвtkln from а nun ,dmmming 011 the roo юр.
f.amous person or someone wno rw. -u! се<1 your Н е, .а prove ,ti, or а ,11uu:Ф�d fr"Cm I he p-r-e\1i 1w; da
sayililg li.e. а we\1-known phrase}. ln all c:ase� il is nece-ssary lo use hc · lowl: got oot or 1red aod
qua!&1ion marf.is. m.1d himм:II. rop ов.Пее "шd
e.g. Меr гД ·м ерр{в s deykвeps tno doo1lJr aw,ay." oni 1 reak, а 1. 11 de:cided to
- usв а ,11etorlcal qu:es'tlom i.e. а que.s on thв ooes n� expect а reply. all in ic: з Ь: f IUoo \11 ak to
e.g. Мtar wooJd modem soc!вty ье tltм wrmoor ,oompurs,s? g fO \VO:rk.
• Vou, сап star1 а na 1rп1:tiv,o Ьу :sеШпg the s·cene i.в. Ьу 11.1:siпg the
sепвеs to dooo Ье Ul.в •malhm, almosphe.rн surro пd пgs апd also to
creal.e myэtery алd suspeмe.
13:.g. lt was а GO/d ·wimer's nlght. Тhв мпd was- bk)winf} mmt BS Ja.cl( WRS iп ·tli a<lol 1, en ·е · 11 Ь
walking dowп thв dш* втр(у·�t diНic111]t tiJlt'L • Bu as G or
• Voti can а�о use а vane,ty �, f adjec:Иvet,, adve:is andl verb,s. 10 make В ma.Edl h 011
your composiliOГ'I mоге atrra.cliWJ to е гeacfer, nut � nt ю Ь
в.g. "'H,Q/d onl" Нвfвп s�ввm'8d ю ВоЬ аз shв ,d&spвral,вly и!вd to
,hв 'Р hJm gel от· т' the fl'fНI%1n.g weter,

11
 19 а) IJ) lп u·J�iel1 extrn t . ) •· ' щ;ucli
о[' llit 'iпjf · ug t,ccbniqu es
- cn.u d?

• q11щ;1li1111
• p1ro · с.rЫ iПJfl
• .tcldri:_ i 11g �111..:. r1:..wler
direJly
• d ircci рс10С 1

20 andJ pf се

11 wз,s an a1.11urnn moming. Мащ1.11nе. s-tir/

in hвr pyjamas.. 1.1mвd 011 rter
raptop and sat а1 the kitc-nen tаЫе ThjRkiпg
or thв amuunt or Ol� sfle
liadl to clQ, she: зl,g 1ed. "How rзm I еУе gai110
[(} gcrt lhls dоле?"
- d Ьу ал adve!lisment m some
l1[] i am sure most of 01J havc 13
s mply perus ades рвор1е ' 0
i:iofnl 1Р tltie past. ln 1ПУ 0� ln ,�� ;;�;ng l most crtraardiпmy, impressi ' J,ilg ,
ьuу ings tt,ey don t nee.<\,,
1

cшnfo11ubl•
.__,--.. м, NGJ"!oo iS oor Ctiemis1Jy tе.1СЬег. l'П '1811 г OJ:gel lfIO lf sl ne we m 1
him. Не 1 as rn tле sct1001 rаь v,вамо а rol'N.:I, wпi1e
10 П11)! two гу straлge-Joo g riqu1ds.. coaL ащ:1 Ье was шrt
кщ 1oack 1.1�, • he said "Tl1i!.
Js а very n!J{JШIJS ex,pil1m�t."

11 АН 1n arJ, ei.i.en itшugh Mr Norton loOks like а mзd st:kn t. nв ts one ol the
J<Jrldest :щd mos urioo�wntfint teгtr;шs 1've e,..er fJarJ. r am sur-c lhat i:f you ha -
1

mtt lil m. ycu vюuld awee m'1 me.

wei 1 �uopose wha t'he1J
2 1[ was � �r111 ш1<J 'sne was ,� IJw�: 1э �еha )
say is true - he earty b1ttl t! s 1 ,
:С:�
, she' ihDugпt ю nerse as
stle tumed ol her l ... ptop.
З ln ooлc1us1on, 1 th rl'k at 1.111ernsiщ11 shou
td Ье coolraltщJ оо iлat comum rs
аге nol m sJed :iщl i,ers,uaded о �u Qhвse gм&
they rtoл' ' neael. Af!er all,
a:s Аlвл н. Меуш, an Amertcaл ad11ertJэjпg e.xec
im�e. 5aid, ,.п,е tюs гr:1 rs а
gDad µroduGt"
 IU'.nit 1 P',on G1uldellnes for, ·rl'tlпg

SE 1-FOR S1'VLI! rs
е Wl'll1ng styte you1 sl\Ould 1JSe depends on u,e iype al compo on y.ou are charac ens.ed Ьу:
·ung, е silua1ion and lhe i11ter1ded ieacfer. Тherefore, you sho 1d not use
same sty- of i · g ar еоюrу oompaэit rш The о main types of rm ng less. ormal lang age
s. te ar,e foirmal а d informal. H.oweve ·• n:ot all s.yt les of wnlii g fall tJnde-r less freqL.1e nl &е a·r s.hor1 rorms,
• еsв catego.rieэ. �о, exmnp , in а letteг о someЬOdy уо do no know very farmal lin k1 ng word _ phra:ses or
-г 1 01 ifl an а. eie for а sмien 'S: magaz1ne, tne style usei:::1 iS: eitl'!er torma1 ltie pa:ssive
"'t'Jr in ormal, bul а of lhe l'wo, known .as semJ•[o[mal. respoolful, -о 1t6 !оnв
FO - SТVLE is charзcter.sed Dy; Com:pare1:·
Foimal: 1 would Ье grattM fl уои
rarmal expreззio.ns, advanced vocaЬula,y, loi,ger sen[ences. CCIJid r&p/y lt your вa/1/ISt
e.g, f1tln1 r-1mhtng lnto, con1td1.r1tlon, lt сап Ье .said thзt the QWIVМ еrюе
flCНIIJN olfi Ndsrв olpoorqu Seml fvrmal: l look forwwd to
larmal lln ng words(phras.es (1,е. However, Nevt'!lhe!ess, ln a.�dltlon, rесе.Мпg yoar � _--. SOOII
ео�щ enuy. etc.J ,юssJblfJ.
a.g.Moblfв рЬоооо we ei!mmвly uooful forpooplв wJю travfJI fmqиfmlly. 1 nf,ormak I сал, welt to hw from
·. _ · _ • ihay G8Л Ьв dangemus you.
na use al stюrt ormз (ie. l'm, fhere's ... )
ье
,e.g. l woulll gmte/UJ 11 •.• (ih:slнd о!: l'd Ье gnrJehif if ••.} 21 ,�1 с Г-гum IJ1r �i 1 11.� fil 1
lm ersonal tone, 1.е. use of U1e pasзive, оо desc iptlo· or fee�ng.s i·n l:tie 1111. t1� i11 U1e е, te,1, е1
,e.g. L.ats, thii вllМ по, 20-yвaJ"-o/d ·т;т МGOonnack was p,uti d' ю м!еtу · mpl.e. Th 11 1•

atter нli,g ,pped urкter detиfs fм том than мп tкшrs. ""'h1kh1 пrе ·�,·1·Шеn i п forma I п·nd
fac u!I presentatia ot the ln а mзtion !iJ li,khi n i1111 1amнJ � t ·le.
e.g. Tfle Tawn Hall, conmo&ed ln Mi· 1·1re 1 оо , 1w1 · - rlously (1: rll( ':!1·1rablii')', мi-celoiu-
damвged Ьу fim to ,а 1 bl{e tiл l\'frn мтt.�� i1iju.red.
rlmp Ь ·, ат t•1,r itlt!d to, poir,J in
evo&ryday/colloquiэ1 expiessians, vocaЬulary and iбiams. /а1шиr иl wi,I, f1. ,;,,� olmm,
e.gJthoughH'd сiюр, )'Va· flne •. ,, rfml'- 1 mlfHвn .... etc: 11 't Ь abl.e 1 · muk j1 ro т
frequ t use о shM о ms min,I. d 11 't mi· il
e.g. l wen1 Ьв аь1е to, сотв to your рвnу as l'll Ьв away оп .а rюsJмш .
J The p11rp е of Lh щ rt. ii. to
ttfp. .. • у:· "1· 1·hc uii11bili1j• ... ) Rub rt
intormal imrasat vems [-Jul. 1'1 for tli . р i(on, o·f А i. 1:юt
e.g. t.ucy tвka allвrhвrfathвr. She's .. , Man ° r.
simple I riking wrds./p га&еб о.е. b.uJ, so, Ьвсгш;е, and, e:lcj = fom, l 11;le
e.g, lt rwns 81 /о he�. н yoo'd Mtter !'8kв вп vmЬreffa w'ith· уои. .. ( 1 lic' 1 ...........................................
shorl!er велtе ces ..................................... а f1.1 ll refund.
e.g. ПWlks'a 1ol fo"thв mvila!ion. l'd iovs to соте. 3 \ 11. l 've g t [ ) g no\\'. ...... ,..........
р,е; soмJ lone i.,e. use or lirsl p.ers0r1 p1We} . ................ , h л ;·ou rri in 10 n.
t.g, 1w got grнt news. tvв found а l7iW JоЬ.
d.escnptive to е i,e, us.e о a.djeo es/idverЬs е с 1or vi\i d clescnptlon r N 1rkin,g ron1 11.omc ' tiш оп
e.g"ttwu а .мьr,у ео dwime mommg. an ( 1 11 Ш1 '. о, '11 '\\torkin"
s�hooule.

13
 il 1 Porl А GuJdellnes 'lor 11r1mu1

6 Gue "'ht1I I р· · ·c::d 111 m,, . ilm .............................................................. .

7 \ ·i h it. Joa , Ыаск 11 ir Ьeautifu1 Ь111с С)'е. andl ,.......•.., ............................ F Sudd� t]m dooi-· opened,
1

.......................... .......... . it · • . rhc m. t qui it. dоП Маiy liad Tracey star,ed h horrar as. 1h&
•• , ••••.t.,..,,,, ,,····•1•••!•,"J !J'I� ..... [' .. ,, i,,. living abro" d
····••1••1•"", 1111 ...... t ............... i i .... , .,. ...........
dork figuгe h 1he doorwoy
i, ::,,0111 thi11g ry<m • h цld experie псе а lea t ono;;: 111 1 heir �v , roi'�edl . ·:. arms over �s heod.
9 ......•.•.""' ................... '" ..................................... щ •••••••••• •·•••••• ' � 'bet i[ а ,fng
to 1-. • а -offk-c l1i1!
ь()

J 10 1'111 ·reall or: • but I ............................................................................................. G Dem' М1 тиl rJ mil.Ji •

........... ;;""""' ......................................; .., ................ 'to our _:rndu.a.t1 n рмtу.
J'm i;riti,J.C (fJ l/1ш1h . и·
fr,r
th,1 _kшtl1l \ JOU lzomcd .,,ю

-
,/u.rJm:r ту. la 1 ilh }Иl attd
уоит[п m"l ii1 Mar h.

з \VI al. t);p of,

е. tract. fro,m?

'Ь Whkb е. tn t· u е:
1 . ''1or1. f, m1
.2 ( ctual pr, taйon
f the info:rmiltLQn?
3 ,� ·ryda. , pre:: ion.,
idioms апd mfo . mшl
prJf.3$3 I · еrЬ&.
,4 ro,mшl CJi:p- ion
d D.IDO d caЬu'laQ'
l!ld 1ongcr · n'[en ?
5 rc nпal linki 11 wom
С Anywвy. tJщ '!'i my newв phrases?
'В \ would Ье gго eJul ·f you fo r,ow. j hорв you're
could а 1el'ld lo ,�·s molter enJoying th� olltf11yv а�
23 'У.Ъа.t �Je, f 'liitiпg 'uld, у 1
l1t
os. 50011 ш po3,siЬle. 1 hope h r]fi I а Wrltв Ьас� liJ е ;jn ·j:h r,.п illl ·tu t·io 1

10 hear 1 om y,ou soon 500 ам1 let те kl'W\' �vw

"1 .ri · е , eor 'ft rnшl), (for
regaн:ling the 0111 come, о you'rв (Jtttirr�
1he ,iluotion. Love. n.ii.f9m.tal orI for mfol.lilillЯ:J).
На \Vhf.'
Your:. s.i rк;erely,
Мо ·lhew Dro е а J ш�r af oon1rilai.nt '10 tlt 1п · n.age r
of а dcpartm, ,nt .tor
Е 1he rescue team Ьewin ineir Ь ао articlc for а [, en magazin on 'thc
О Т1, • ,pt1rpo , о Lhis r port seaюh tor the lом sk10rs зl. lit, ·1 tren irнl 'lhes
i s ю assess the uitablli oi dawn. "Ji е ml$Si111g fami1� wa.s с а kll r to ои.r fri nd a.i;king 11 in for
Fairfax Eal,eries as caterers [oootoo З few hoUl"'S later Ьу а advice on whicb univet ity to а N.end
io 11ш 1rm annual р ing semch hel copte-r, and \hey ,d а nt:\'i.· repon itL'Н.. ut ш а :citlen11.Ьа[
·wern · · ed to s,afe't'lj. Noor,e was ha1 penoo in : ur 1тvn
�гtу. inilJred, wt th� we е tal<en to
nоор1ш1 sw enng ffom1 lhв, cold1. е: а ! 11c.r to а form r t а hi:r of у u
thankmg hiП1 fw hi ad i -е.
14
 24 'fhc ,�rш:' 'bclQ\\' 11r' \\'nrtfe111 in �h! , ro, пg , tJ·le, ,Rcplo, ·с tШ.с
\\"ВМ. , 1mse, im lшld, ·.i h mo,11e ui1abl1� опд, from eacl� Wi. t. 1 fj/ part. invita1tiof\ id Suc а
11 tore а еп !he nvcLopc Paula hcr
1 ,е .fliglite. l reo.clie,� Ct)l1t1pseri, fi.r..·1/ '11\'lшl i.1· rnom ,га,� tlOl i te:r CёJmc .2 runing iпto tl1 llving ro · m
and ·quealed vi1]1 exciremeпt wJ1cп · re
the iooпing ooard 1) wn п, t hig)1 nougl,. or eм1m1ple 1
$aW Lhe \\111it,e card. "1 t' fJoш Dапв ,
, ·he1 un ldcd it il only 3) carme ор to ш \ ai. l... 4) nidl tl,e.11. ·hcпc,cr
h с i d. ' olh gii1 . kne 1.hat Dаш1
I рш SJ, 81 Wittl� lblt of press1.1:re оп th Ьoard it 16) rcli dаю1.
3) юаdс ti1 4 ЬсНсr Ьirll1day putics in
the пeighbourhood Н and h · faпri[_
bad mo ed th re rrom ) rnn rica tv.·o
1 О m ШJjQ)1i1\g, my elf imш•о е()' ,1 u,i i\!t,; it , 2,) 1 11ш.,,е Ьа -1 :1 lt уеап; Ье!оrе. J i · fatl1 •r · ,1 "6) sщ,.. l.i · 111.1
p,11t1,.rt1111ni,t. to, шее�. many int r-e.,tin р plc and th rit.: i n· r а 1. wyer . о 111, - 1 li\'e I kl'I tl - 111 l pa,r:L or
.3) 0011 , o:f c11i�1i s оп с mpu . 4 :1n a.11:dШo:n to tb[ , my r,oomn1at · , rov 1n, Dмш 11.зd i11vHed t.11 girl� ю l1is
B�ky ' ., woпderfu1 pcr: on. \Vc па е э much � 'to ,,1 ar · ilшt Ж reel · · party m рте ,.·ou у �. but th у h.a.dn t
if I k11шm 110r зl] m li fc.. gone. '111еу Ьoth h d had thc nш and hc.
'\\•er,,; ) щ;h ill thct'!L tl1t:}' bad had щ t,1y
11·ha1 iз '71 /?, h(:Ш!'f\' 'fj fitll 1 oomical sc J 'S, Ш:ln'mC� reali ira с mpm ,. iп bed The-, \,,.. re ,•en• d�ppoiDt d tha1
genemlcd imug� Lh� ' r )i hi1dn 't �� п ilt Jc t Lhe р..1тt., •
111is Limi: tl1,augh. \\1cиJILI Ьс d1rre.reiн.
Th cripl Ё in1pl · and trai,gh,t orward l) IЬot it i 2) r al
u ber tblпg i', r 11 ti he 4 tЬing m1нl • Ьу tliie co:mpu 1 t�r a1r
вnd 11 е с iarn. rer: are tru]_ convi nci ng.. 26, Put 1(Ь, fo1fowin.,g tep.s iп·to r е
orrocl ,oirdcr.

[Ы] Brnin, · torm for idc;is апd group

1 m into 1zшio ropil
otl shoufd a1ways edil your pfвcu or :ritiлg ьеr-сщз haлdfп-g 1 ·n.
lr, иd.вr to d'o thi&, you muld make surc: � R ad !Ji mlJliir 3r;efu.fly ilПd
• you hвve uood oomp ete senterшes and lhal ltle words те n the ,oorreol: tщdeJiill Lh kt:y \\'Ord .
order о.е. вubj:ool, verb,, оЬjес ешJ. ld 11ti у h tYP 11 writ.iп rh
,, you have used е сопес grammar (e.g. pasl tenses fo1 narraUves). ituati n, Lhc j1:1[cnd _ d нmde;r
• you d'o rю · repe-al the same, wo ds, pl1ras,es, ехр ession.s, eta. a.nd th f)1 le \.11'1'iLing.
,, ttllere ше rю spelГпg erro в. 1Ю it yo11r s· :orr,"C<:t П1!! ап
• уоо havв used the oorreot pum:tua[ion, (e.g. oommas, ruD s арв, quest1on
marks, ,вtс) rsвe a1so Appendix ltl] ·р IH11 punrtш1Lion grammar,
,, уоо haw ind: ted hн pшagmpm Q.e., hav.e Ьegun the firsl l1ne of е.ш:h e:tc rm ,
paragraph fimher in rom 11,е margin). [mJ \\1rire 'flt1r е-�у .iп tJ1e corro,t
tyL u ing appropriвtc iinkililg
,1),f ' • plml , . to · oiu уош idcru

25 Rtadl tbe е :trae it nd lab i tht 1udc1· iп. d ,, 1i 1 ,ke. 1.1 i ,g t'h.e впd vnri ,}11 � riting 1ocl1niqu
ro11o q �у.. (f�r · pcDin ) Р ror роос narti0n , \V\V (fo-r тпв lt make your pieo"' of rriring
\ ·or,d) �r G for ·ramm. r . 'fben l:Oi;тe ihc mi ln а in lih _ int 1mg.
e:mщp�!t. li[] Plnlfl Lh. layout , )·our �r. 1

М�е · ure ·ou lъвv и par ntc

.5 ..........., .......................................... . paraoraph � r •ac;;h ювiп t, pi ·
..

�
... .............-.--............................... - --........ ,-.,1 ..... , .... .. .. .

....................... ,o:,,, .................... ,. .... ,,,1•f•1�··

'
б,

1
_________ ,,_____,_______________________________________
.......................................................
· rite .i to;p с :пе:еп: • • for еа.сЬ
maiп оо I pa:гdgraph.

15
 Т 1 Porl В Lelter Writing
1 �
1'1:,е,е· are various lypes of lellers, slJth as;
lette� of a!!Jpli1д1�lo1111
� � 11.E.lilERS

!l'etter.v ,of complalnt le�el"S to lhe edf to etc.

ine 'М)е of l'e · er you shoul i е depend's о reasori for w · ·ng Q..e. lo g;ive
уоuг nвws, ю lnvfte someoody о а pany, &tc: to mаке з complaJn to appty for а job,
etc). Depen 119 on lhe ruЬric yotJ may Ье дS ed to w ·ю а lettef for mote than one
reasoo (i.e. to give уоог news aru:i ask ог ad'viG!.j The mosl cooimon геаю.,s f'Or
wn: ng а letter а е:
givin asking aЬoul news oorngmtulattng :somoo11e
giving/askr g JOJ ad�ice п-v, ting someon:в
gwingfasllln,g lor inf,arma�ia1111
1
acoo,ptвng _ 1ttз�ng an invitэ:tioo
apolцglsln:9 о в.omethf g maki g su:,ggeslions elc
thanking scmeone

1 R d llile eл1ract (А· · з·nd dcciii!e, wl,at t},p о:Г 1. -Etat· -a.ch w .fr,om (1
2 f1bc р rngr.ap,b 1in
\\1hich1 k �- \\ro11d, l!Jelpoo. уо11 dcc.id '! 'ndcrliп • IIЬem.
11 h - 1- lier iЬel.ow .JJl'e in

fл] [ rcill !1врс yuu can n1 rnJ

!о m parl •. ['n1 ur \V '11
�1av,e а ,,·onderful tin1 . ou

В 1 m \' 'Пtin lo а. k \'OU \\'hS.1 \ou

l

Ьс gral rul if you oould оп ider

think l lн�Ld do aboUI R t, .n." f'd
my applicaLiщ,. 1 1 ok щ, rt.l t

_____
r all.' lik your ad\•j ·� h ·�· , п ...
hearin поm )'OU"
__,,;;,....,,. _, ___ а , emililnr 1_11 В гНn [hnt
[r1 1' m i1a in f.ama rk ti m ,n n�li :а - � ,vcnl qJ I an, , rШog I oшpl.iзI1 \\reek I а. pit 1 11 шi
s.aiJiпg rc: t rday a1\d l 111 go·пg 10 mke рш1 i11 о.1 _ f 1·11Ье i-shwнsheпv]1iceh •011r Ьi da , but. [ prt m�
di i:rig е< mp tition ·1 hi afl:cтno п. сш11 wаШ ] рш: hз d from у.: ur 1 щаkе it up to u.
оо,щ , 11}' lш;J Mondtt)'·

1 1 1 ! 1 , [er о appJication 1 4 j ! lett r а king f:or jnfonп t' n

Лn ..,., ..у t1-1ш, ag,ain
121 !l· le ivirig rн. [sl ! lett 1· of oom I in.t f<} tt1 in iiatiot1. l
1 3 1 ! let er of i п i�ation 1 б, 1 ] 1 Нет il ki11g or advice
� •i:;.b 'i,'Okl bOLR all t\1
ь. i fo,r t 1 {-uturi.:.
[ffi!
дll leltet"s shou!d indude I е, f11.ow1ng;
o
· iarg, ret
11) an app:ropriate gre11пg (e.g, йеаr Slt/Мвdнm, Dвш Аилt CiaJm, DвaI Мт 8ahJt, eto);
e

Ь) an lnttoduction, ln wnich you vrile your openln.g remarks (e.g. НJJ Нow.are уои?) and
reason(s) fсн wrШng [е.91. t'm juвt 'INlitfng ;fD сопgт1иlв1.в уш1· ,011 pвsslng yoar IШ!mВ, D -ar Rяchel,
l'm wnJlng to epologis8 for .... Wв \\оМ tМf1вd о hвaFthal .. , , l�юay:to, hва! ... etc:);
1

]'m ,·,iting t Lhank 'OLJ

с) а maln1 l!icнiy;, iл lch you wrile about thв spoo ш tcpics 101 lлв 2tt1:rr п dвlaiJ;
,с!) а, соте uslon1, ln. lnich vou wriм your closlngr remarks (e.g. ,Рlвввв: fo,g№ тв - tt· ,;01) n1u.clt ·f'or tbc in ·ita[ion
1

WDll l hаррвп ЩJШЛ, 1 рrоm!вв; Lookfng forwв«J tй• sвв!пg уан ., . .1, P!oo.ss· wdtв soaТI', ю · ._,ur \. eddi11g, 1 п, , ·1Н •
Тгkе oerвl, еап,wait to ooer
fmm уаи, l'd Ьefts! slQn off no,,v. пш1s юr
гD mю1; and happy Lh two of you are
е) an вp�ropriate endlng (e.g. rours fгJtlrfully -1r your ful name, Latв af lom + your rnt
в.те),
..
fi1шllv L\'i11"' [11" knut.

11
 un11t 1 P'orl В; lle!ter w,11r11no1

с) 1-FO 1.ЕПВIS
a.daress ,& date
The writlng style you shou1d 1use cr.e, ln1ormal, f 01rmal ог s.eoml-forma ), ,.е. y,our aadro.ss in IM top ri.9ht·
йepencr.s an wno f1!Ш are wrll:ing, to . .моrе, spetifitatly: rnandl comвr, fQllowiiJd br l.h:e dа!в
en you are wnl•ng to some-o е vou l<now we[I (1.е. 1 сlоэе r,elatlve. ,g:reeUng
yo1Jr· best f end, е!с.) yot1> shш.11d 1.1se inrшmal slyle. i.e. Dear Mr/Mr:s/Ms pвrson's
sшname (e.g. CJeer Мт Marous)
wtlвn you ate writing 10 !:.Omeone you ао мl kлeiw, or 10 эоiшю.nе wM
i.s in aUJЬhoriLy [1,е. t е manager of а hote'I, а doe!or, 131J:) you shoold use semИ , ormal laпgu.age
rormalsMe, ,ending
wn,en y,ou аге w.гr ing to som13onci yoLJ do no kno:w v гу wel,l i or (e.g. RegaтdгlВoot wiвheвJetc +
someane you waлt to Ье paliLe 1шd :respectful to �.е. а friend .s pвrents, your·flrst name, or fu� name;
your !еасмr, et·C) veu stюura u&e serni-formal styte.
1

(Soo Apperidlx 11 ror ехаrщ:11�. C'f each Бctyle..)

3 Mark tbc рЬr _sl! ,а . 1'' for

fQПШIIL) 1111' ] rur lnfu:rma] .
1

1 J 1i1 01.11d also аррге iitt

,ao'dress, & dal:e
oom .u1i rmation аЬ u � ...
1.е. your addr�, s in lhc tos,, nght-llaлd oomt!'r, lollowвd Ьу the dal.в.
1 W 11. J. 111LU t go fi{)\ •••
gmellng
3 Pleasc acccpt mysin rc
(e.g, Dear Jahn, DwMum, е1с.)
apologics
Tnformal lang111age
4 You. ar , ordi lly i111.vit. d
(e.g. l'lю Ьвв-л m№llny to wrtte to yw !or аgвз; ,Oont wony;' Ву thв way;
l was .а рвсе of cake; l'lr p{d( уои ир; wв сгп gJve i't а оу. etc) toati.tшd ...
tl'ldl'11g 5 [ 111 1Nrit.tn in r ро1ае
[e.g. �oщS:{Lovв/BвsJ. wi8hes/RefJВfll8fefc -f ,yaur ffmt пат&) to уш.11 advcrtisc,пicпt ...
, Т11 r • · 'Or tl1 invita 1lion
to _·ou.r· dш-' 2.,1,,; n .. -,1с ' ...
-·,"r ,�.,.г�
"/ 1 am Vi1 Iitiпg Lo expr rny
add'Jess &. da1te trong di ati f e:tion �vitl} ... .......... .
i.0. you:r address as w.ell as Ule reoipier1l's address.. Vш.1r address m lhe
8 1 Jook fo:rv rd to mcc.1ing
1ор, �gh -h<andl со ner, fa11owe<1 ьу tne dat-e. Tne recipieflf& роsшм.
lhe name, Sif:!ld addlress or lhe· com,pany, oгganisation, etc on lhe lell� f( u i1J pcrson
nandside, , Ju ·t а quick ПQ[е 10 te-tl
g,r,ee�1.ng (e.g. Dear Mrs Dwfs - ,'ilh-en you know lhe per5on's rnmiil - уtш ...
Ов.w- SirfМгdam - whвп you do not ·krюw the peioon's rшme} Ш I m ,,1ri1 in.g to bring 1
fotmal liangUJ ge (e.g. 1"' wrftfng w 'th regшd to yoor advмlsвmem; J · uur i Н n.liQn Llie ...
would apprвcfate а roply at уош ввtltem convsniвooe; Тhе producr Jl PJ tli:. da, шя hesitнte lo
whfch wвв deNvwed, pюv.ed to Ьв !lшliy: etc) con.t.act m ...
endlng (e.g. Уошs sirюerвl'j/ falt:h!u!ly - yourr l'u11 name) 12 Гm ю oorl)' to J1 att· u're
lш.vi11g pr lem itl1 ...
N�te: wtien y.ou t:ie{P,11 wilti D!м МtlMrtlМs маюw., you should encl 13 \. ritc l>a.:k r.oo,1 ...
wilh Your.s sJщ;-вrety + yoLlr fl!il11 пагnе.. When you beg-i11 wlth
14 W r�gre[ to iпform yi1u
Dвш Sk{Мгdгт, you should end wl Уошs !slthfuJJy + your tuJI
nama. that. ....
l - I ,von't 1 'kc по for an
.iш,-wer ...
11
 4 Rc-adl tb , ituo 1 1"iuJJ1 be](Ji плd aqSЩ!f itli 1u fio,;n t h,aHollloц'. б , rla ed .а Ыg p;1r[/
\· as ·Cf')' impart:111.1
TTti ' � ош la l • r t chool md ;1 01.1 an: un �L1rc of wbat oourse. to !akc �t 7 1пaki11g SIJ.re I 11).qufing
univ i�. You ЬаУе doc1ded ю, �. ri1e а leш:r ro ......... . king or advice.
8) ,асса ion I Y11ol - tlli.l!J
\\'eDI О �r 1J {\ U h , l!lt"C
а � 1am. t�iJe ,1Jo:ull1di J i)u ш � if у110 а� , тitiog ю: а friend? В ur
10 L 11 уо� h mu: h l appreci.1·1 · /
foпner tea hcr'! .. а carre · advisш·?
lhank }'Qtl e11ough · i;,r
Ь Fii i matc{b 11ш btgJ;мiпg, amd E:mdio ап.d dJ.tn ау , ,.ы. · Ь ir·
!he рео;р е iro pпrt · ) е:асЬ Mter is .add · ed to·. D.car О viц,
J flli••,. .. ,. ,. . r, 11••••li
••1t1111111IЧ'll••••a•--
-1()
, ,,,1,,.,,., ••••

.1) --.. ,, ..................... �---···"'•J•,,, ••••••••• �. fo

11;;� ..
1

J\
1..,} •·-·· .. -•.,•••'11411111
10,,,111••••., __
,�1t. h
,. ,,r•••••••
•••1111' 1 !

1 Dear Kare11. 4 1 ......... ,. ... ,,, ................. for

,,11 ••••••••llilli,L,
•• __ ,.,.

HJI How arc уо1.1? l'm wrШng becaYse 1\'е, no klea wt,iGh оошsе to take ar 11Jie cnd"of-lerm part
un.lvnny niщ-t year. 1 rcally 111eed your acJvrc:e! 5) ,.,.о.•••••••'
,,.1111111111 11 l•f�ll111111
, ......--., ,. •111111,t,11
•••111111111ill1111
Fli

2, Dear Мгs дmсмd, _ lб,.:

.·
U ·�some;iowc:eaoow
iilllllllllllWlll•• ll,lllll••
н•,o"r ••llfllittl
ll• llll••lffl,lt1lla,

1.Мре this lettet·finds youv.•elL , ..am·wпtint_ 1о -)1€1

.... _.IIIIIII!

iл 7) ......................... ,.,,,,.,....
w /ch оошsе ta � .rt u111Yers1ly next уваr.
f.,••11•-····••r11•
••111 ....... ,_

tliat lhe ) 11.11 г1,, .. 111111 ____

,.,.,.,,,, t, ., ••••••• ••lfii,,
,.,., __

З Dcar 8а Madam, 9 ·
·t:•••••i'iN-.rr1111111111111111111111._.
•• _.,,.111111
1111111,.,,,.,,.,.111ililii
.1

1 am wming to mqulre w.nmмr уоо can aclvise mo: on wtirch шшrsе ta 8J1J]l!I J с n'i JO), - ......................... __ ,., ............
..
ror riext year at ernwf.l'Si�- •··· .-...................... aJI у ur llar,d i'l'Or.k.
Ц1 "
В c.k,

.А 1Ьank ycu lor taюlng th� ·me о read this lettef_ 1 klak tvwaю· ю he'Ш!n!J fmm vш1. D - · r ·ir Ctш.,ra}' ф
Вi&tWisl1es. 1) 1 llfLIIIIIIIIII,.•••
l'LI 11 rft,11111111111111
11
to
i i 11 1 ttllll1!1'••1111•11• tf .. ! "'11

An,yМi оп 21 fог
ld ad'olise me fln what w do_ 1t1an1<. \ltlU
•1111111•••• .... -,.
1 1""'"' .. "1111•1•••••••
llilil11"11"
111HJILl11lllllll

3) .....-...... ,, ............ ,,.. ·-----··"' .. . . .•.. \vi. lb

'В I wou� t.в ,e:i:ttemely �rnt�lul '� cou .Eor
п ad,va..rtce ·1or yo11r kJnd coo,:if):fa!iioп. 4 .......... li.,111 •• 1 .............. 11···"
···1 ......... , ...........

·vши:s taftttfufly. il 1 nd•of-tcl'm party.

м, МllШ!! 5) .................. , ............., ....... ••11til,till•• ..

AmyMlrmn
,.----•111111ltoto•••

о ........· . ..1••• ...... _ ........ , ..........� .... . ·111,•••1111111<111111 1 •

С '!Nhaf do уоо I nk I shoof d do? Please wrne

�)

baok s� 3llcl 1:е11 m , in 7 1 ••••

1
;111111
•r•··-·····•
........ ..... 11i••••
1 ..,, ..................

lO!J€, t1rl11t 1tb1.: 8 ............--,................ .., ..........

Ату 91 ••lti"'!"'
"·--a111111i1111
111"'111111•••11."!
'.........,." '"••••••l•'f,....,
•

n 10) lllllllll.lllltf'+-J
llllllllllllllll'!"!
111'""" '1-L••il•lil
••'l•:.O

5 а Reпd t h!!t ра it ur e:xpres ioвs , 1-10 нr11illib. i _·1 tщ. Wil1 il:h fuml.м" .. ···---····"" ............ ·11! our \1atd ;,,ivrk.
thtn1 ch . о tЬе m t ulrtabte, expr,e. lon ю, !!:ompJett e.ach, g;ip
.1 Иi - j:1.1 ( .i quick rш1 f l am writing
1: Llw:nk you vi;:ry m1.1ch / say U:10inks а 1 ·r
З ull у(щr 11,elp I )'О r kind · � islJlnc� 'Ь ,,Jhic:Ь. lettrr i iinrorn1a·1, and
4 ge[Li:ng ready / prepara1r n wl�i.c�1 :lcrter i �шj•fl}л111111:I!
5 · our с 01n'Ъu1ion / ·, lш1 rou iJi.d "i'J.11 rt � (lf о 1,ш- r в , lbe)t'!
18
 IU',nirl' 1 IPinrl В l1e11er WrШna

6 7

А Yau have sеел a:n

adverlisemen in 'lhe loca:I
newspaper fo а �eaohfng job,
Write а letl:er 10 th-o
headmaster of U'te school,
... a_pp�yJng ror 'lhe job.
1 l'm writlngi to te11 you my wo dвrt1.11 'news -�-�---.,
в А · riend уоо haven't se-en юr
2 ! wouJd. ,gre!tfy a,ppreciaLe il if y,ou could µroviae me with ьеmе monms ls ge�tlng mari'ied n
1nfl]m'Ja11an regaramgi __ _ lhe summ&t з.nd na,s lnvit,ed
you to the wedding" Wrile а
tcetter ae;cep!]ng me invjta.tiOn.
We'd iove to came ..- -----�
З Тhanks а tm for your rnvitadon.
с You hav& jlJSt. r,ewmed 1rom а
1 c:an· te I you l1ow s<шу 1 ,am thal I ruined ... trip to South Amerlca. Write а
lette 'Ю а ftien.d t,e11ing h m er
а11 aьout t1.
to the terrible 'lreatr11eп . 1 rei::eived
5 1 am wntir:ig 'kl draw your a.tt,errtkш You are м seortta,y of а
from ... languag,e, school and have
�eceiived а 1/ette, firom someor ie­
-_ 1 am wrШngi ш apply for the p-0st at muslc tмc:l'ler as interesl.ed in leafining Fr,e-.nch.
,advemse(JI n ...
Wri 1Э а le ter in r-eply. in orming
1he; pel'$tJl'I about (he oou rэes
off ered at y,ou г sclio<J .
IE Vou recenily bought ,а Ьо,х or
уош tav:ourrle ьreakfast cereal_
On openlng 1 yau found lhart.
t:he 'Ьо.х was half emp[y and rh,e
Опсе again, l'd Uke tri say hGw very sапу I am about ... ,.,emaвning conte nts wel'e по
11ong!N' ·ff-esn. Wnte э letter о м
rnanege, oi lhe oereal oompany
w at yaur
1 enc ase ,., ld-- Ь" t1-n1l>!li�11,J.,. t.o atteпd, an jli[tervle
_ _ rny_ cv- апu..1, w"1.1 c_.Q oomplain[nQ1 ,about il
earliest i::an�enieпce.
F Vour c.ousin has �cently wo:n
fiirst prize in а short story
Wel1, lllat·s а1, for ow_ WriLe iback апd tel1 t'ne compe · ion. W1� te а, letter'
wh�t you've Ьееn up to.
oong;ratu1a1'ing , nem оп lhelr
SUtOO�S..
Q anyt�ing. to, tne iparty. See you Шi
Let 1111} kna,"' lf you wап us �о brlfl
tne blg day 1) \ 1 i r 1уре vr lc1t-e:r shш1ld ru1.1 \','fit
for ,eacl1 rubric:
11001< torward to rect1'v,lng fhs, in ormalion ana
Muld r,ep"'° зs ,ooon as r;iossi�ls. •iouJd Ье gratefu/ if 1vo11 �) V h i going Lo read •nuг r�н r?
1 � 11 [ а 1 1 . 11 1uld t1 · in, а 11
, 1 tter?
is mattвr 1111 r,s-oeivв �0111r
i 1 ,1mis[ on з wmten a'l)Qlagy. '1 ust. 4) Ио, ,vould you Ь Jп and nd с cl1
immedlate atteпtion. 1 t er?
5) Сал_ u uggcs[ appropriat opcni g
and cl.o iпg, IemarЬ {or сшсЬ I Н r'J'
19
1
 1 Reod q1 • t·om l to 3. h 1'11' t lfl l:o, 'tk �и tte 1шd choo е th, eo:rr�f
a1ih 1:. F.iпally u е ощ· ат ,·,er. 1110 •� lk "_r щшt �on1q1ie� letter

2 V ha[ ;· · l1c г mil in rea оrп fн writing'.

Parag1ra;p h 1
\ t tel1 1 ackie · me ) пе� ·
В [О pal i .fOr r\01 1 1:iti ng 00:11 r орелiпg rernшks/re<1so11 sl
for wri11ng
Which о lhc. . tate111e1 ts 1; tп1е, l 1t: (1).
/11 lш l 11 r lи lacki , Mrmi1Jltc •.. aln
Л 11111.ш[ion_ , Ь r fuшre plan О D cш11plai1 r шн Jackie , 1, ! le[t r О Para:gr,a1p!hs 2 Э 4 '
В [ ,i t k · · ш:1iе I н:рl · J n О deve!opme:nl of lhe
О F : 11tl� he r 'g.2td. , to il · • · , " · p.·1reni1 О subjecllsl

Со с UII
lnforma. leUers are sent to реор�е ·у,оу know weH (e.g. ,iends. relatlves, е :с) в.Ьоu\ F i1na1 1Paragгaph1
уоог rке111 news. perюna1 pr,oblems, nforma on you need, е1с. Тhеу ,а.ге wrШen ln
ал lnf.o·rmal styile ith i chaay, persor.a:J оле. dosing1 remarks
Arl fom,al t.elier 81юuld cans1st al:
.а), an ·n1ormal greetlng (Dsar Кеп!Аилt Joaлfвtc); ., "'- mtmЬвr о mom Ыt
fIO(,agraphs та vary.
Ь) an inbodu-ctJ;on in which you wrrle your opening, remarlt:s �.е. askir1g atюul your
frie d's heallh, elc) and men1ion yoor reдS011 for w.miпg de{)end/ll{J оп ,м ШОГ/(.
e.g. Hff 1-tOW,El/'8 уои? I tlюnght ,('d wfife 8М 'уои laюw theJ ... :
с:} а 1maln lbody n lch you w · te е maln sub 1Кt(1) о ·11,е re:Ш1 r de1a11, s1a ng
а r.ew pвragfil!Jh fот eш:lii 1.opic;
� а ,co:ncluslon ·- whicn yo1.J w I е you closin:g rem�rks. es
,e.g. r's l ту п11� for now. Wd Ьооk ,5'0Dl'1 • ., : m like lмп, . h re
,1, an I fornnal en:dlng (e.g, Lots at kwe/8esl Wlsh&/вtc . yaur Пrst 1name}. езu •...
Wha1 1·к1.: most i,
Lhat Lhere •' r ...

You reoonlty maved lo а. Ыg olty ам have decided lo wтile to а ·frJend fror111

your a1d nelgh'Ьoumood. Write а eu.er d.esorlЬi ng llfe, n yaur new city and y·our
tвeling� ebom 1he o11ange.

1 \V/10 i. gning to acll )'1 u.r I Hi!:r? • he:tvy trarfi лfgati• • s

2: \Vil,ere is 1!1is pcroon, now. r
• с n. rarн. 11 i� ro,1, cr:i 1 hal, СШJ 't 0 Lrntd .. ,
WI, Г4.: arc уш1 nO\ •• • u� gre ЪuiJ din� 1 c;111'r gct ed ь: ...
4 W!. are 1.1 writin" IJJ1 lctt r? • pl JJty of ;jporl · rасШ i .
' .nfi minatel • lhere
• a • id boi . С)( Lhin i dt 1
\Vht i pics hould · ur le[ cr includ ? i: aoo ...
• huj ·ro\, '
б Hov.i \!i'ill Qtl (· ·gin I пd end I h
• g. od рыЬН rran iюrt ... 1сш
\ettcr?
• lar · mооеш h J)S ,c.g. Н'lri:u l lfke та r 1:5 1hm
\V11ich or thi? ro!lrn'ling 8' pasili ' .
1f1 re are tol of c{lfi а1 d
щ,ес t · ti е in ig, jl.)'1 Ьi Ь ан: М 'k,c n:1:еп u iп ·tb pr mpt (·im:mn.s,
m:,:a.1i, • �1bove: nnd the рпш · i П I П Lкж Oli 1 t'й.ll 't stmul 1J1e cш,stam
• l11L'> u( a(t cini!IO' е1 • (porifi1'f: Н1е: rigJн '1. in th_ 1.: ·an ptc. 1юise from 1J1c rnrs,
 Unll l lnl'ormпl iellers

а1 ал 3ro1J1 clo in Ьi� it . ? Vi'h t с 't ou do·. U th pron1p ·ю 1) :nder:line �he topic e:nten:ce-
л 1::11 е·. а in tl1 с n1 L · · 1 u сап �•se :o,1r own "dc-. m 1m.e mп:·о oodi,1 pпmvapb
for а, 1:ilk in ·rh field - ,шik,e lol:! of n'C\\' fne11d rtl1 :n. � t o:thtr ppro-·
- ..< n )ppin i11 huf - �u lol )f diffcr-cnHniп J1 • �е о:пе .
:hopping ·entre - � alk lшme �.re1� .11 nigh.l
"'
- � 1 arou11d еа il. 4
1 L ,Ш l g(} fi /' (1 J! /k 11) Hle jie/aJ,
•1 �· п ,ЧО sii ppi11g i, · Jiugc rl Qpping r.t.·tm

fDCliI ·"' to tlre r-easo lheп n1ak� scritc11 , а in tltc схаюрl ·

ihe i1� m�v.�r ·f р
13 LI re · mor,c crim in the
as
d

З .а .R ad tlвie 1: ,11ie:r a1td 1.1шiderllin1@ rbe Ci)rtfit1CI tеп· � in :Ьo,Jd. '.Гh, n

lah •1 lb � parugпrphs "�·i1:Ь lhe h arlшw� l)e'I, ,1 •
ope-пi1ig r.t?mork.v/m1\011 f } jor I riling
•
1

• writ f.: Jeeli11gs abQl�t 1h ('hu, '

• l'w i1ig remark • !ife ,п llre пеи. 1 t.'il
1

Dear st,arm,, Рвm 1

e.g. ·11 .м lhoщ:11 tJi" >vtтe. •/:rarr спn ·decl. 1
Uj)rfirN., n:11rпrk..1 1.001, gm 1.1_,;ed 10 11..
r ·�ч111(.1)J(№
1,•d1l1�

Para 2:

., nn1 •ШШ)' hcp - you - :.11

пd
• lrno. i l:Yel) Ll1 ing уш.1 нееd fЬnt
'8 fe, bu с,;; nd 1r ins - al а .
rriv оп tiш.e n 11h t! . '
,..r:::: • по rn urnпt. - а fav шш ,Jщ
"'
u,
r v � deHciou .homc.шade ood
с<а
(11,J1rb,ouih1)

t:.g.. fh�l"f Grt!JI 'I t/UШ ' SIIЩH, /нrt .VШl CCIII
jlлd о/пю 1. rt't!!Jctlli,,g w 11&d.
21
 - 1 2 nl_rm�I [ellEri

i1 dюр у,щ а li1i /е1 и ki1a»� rt:(1/li ,

orry
• Оре111 :ng 1юm'Uks 1n iпrormal letters may incl'l!de;
з), ,questlons/Wlshes аЬош r,eoont ev,enfз., lhe person's 'healll'I, etc D ar вokl..
·
Ь,) ..1 t,ank уоо loth0 persi::11n for ·г lasl lmitet", oommeпts aЬoul - erws or the
НО\J пrе ушl? 1� 11 apolo!Jjte ·f
с) e.n apdogy for а dela:y ,Jn . i ng/replying etl rror 2) (1
f,e1ct. tlhif:t I l,tlven' �rit
d) the r,eagon why you ar,e w.riitii,g
ciQns �erable 'dm.e. b1.1tn
lr've ь�11 ,
Ctoslng remarks, 'n forrnal tetter:s тау ino1ude: 1 trюugbt
з}, e:xtremEIY bt1 '!· A 'f'"�-·
re) he re.asorn w hy you musl end thi!! trer ьneflJ
,·d 4J mp:m1um:,ш with1 you р11ше�
q grюngs 10 the ре on's ·family: rien jll5t
to s11 inf·orm you lhtn l've
g) ·вhes, а prom·вe (e,g. to write .agafn вoonj, ал iлvlшlior1 elc
my dr1ving e�t I

1'1}1 " re � �:st 1О the pe,rs.on 10 rep!y sооп

5 MatC:h -m .еп- -. 1-8 bJ· poi.nl - -Ь iп ihe lю. 11.htt·\·e. �т� \L1ai1 ю J'll!l1r. lot oflqw, rhш afi
fo, 1101.v, ivrite ют1 ут� '11-ео ш,1 rl p lo
1 а HeUo - ho,Y are you ?[ l1upe •01.-re fi liпg Hc=r.
.. [[l I wa� .ony 1) l1eJr 'll1at · 11, ren'I. goirng tn ...
1

D Wdl, Щ 1 ,llw/e no f1mlter news at

•; о
З 1'11 мii а ап а. I - n n.d 1 [ you knOVi' a.Ьou·t ...

§
r,rumt. � 7J 11\tply promptly - 1
4 Pfea write 0011 and tel1 me wl . . ur ПС\\' •
в,) ат а;цiнs ю et1rn w 9) your
D 11, l:lif1t'. ali 111 11 М. ] d Ь Щ!I' f:Пtl IIOW ЬeC11Ll! .•• i
remnt udМl:ies mwe been. Tiжt с ·�
6 �Пtе 1reasoп 1 m w.ri r-iп:g i to ask yolfJ if .,.
10) vours sin�trtly,
'7 Gi . my rt , i h ·10 yo111r 1пre:lilt •
8, , Drry [ с take lil • long LO put pe:n ·1 paper bu1 ... каrеп

IIFORlll_ll.. sm.E
1

8, u i openiD . · md е о irn,g
1

- л у Шll'lg menary t, s, you norm ,., use • formaJ styte. ln'fшmal wrffing re.111a.r for dl· Jett - Ье.1 ,
erised Ьу lhe use ot: [п, ib.e ащ,Jе
everyda.y ooabu ery (e.g. � had в grвm tlmв),
1 oongrн.J,u1 1 11 mend 01! JW ing
colloquial e�ressions{idioms: (e.g. rifo/J me· а .fine)
'i'lis/he-r шm.m
• phrasзl verЬs ,(e.g. ,get оп. settle i.n·)
2: i11vi1le. · men I you-r � irthda
• sl'1ort fonrls (e.g. can-:t,, ,dont, t'm; 11111
parP
3 apologi · io yo1.11r fri nd Ь cau
6 'Whi.cb Фf the foJlo , · en:tE С! are �тitten i :informaJ · t)1 J '? you co\lldп't go ro '1i er birlhdaiy
e
1 l m writiп to 11.0 you·r g tting on ·п your ne w Па1, lnfo1111a!
2 1 t k [, I'"'m'd ю r«e1,,•iп · а promp repl. ,
3 Пi\•е }!Ol.llli · • , r а big hu:g Гiom m .
4 What rc )!01.1 up tb' . urnmcr? .g. 1 Орешшg remc r· '··
.� We r l1н ing в raintЭiJ ti lime hcre а:1 the сашр. 1n ltrnli''- ,ei.•шy1J1ir1g l:,"Oing? J'\,e
б; Wou.ld ii Ье ра. iЫ ro . ou. t t1:e1id Llrl с\11Ь annu m . iпg ne t m.ontLt · }шl .lreшd ll1t11 )1т1 pasшl аПуо.иr
7 , )U',d nev r ЬcliC'o 1;: h "' \ ell Pvc Ьс _ п gclting on at scli ol. с 1 •
.mms. 011 nll,Ыlllons. /

Closmgli mar
7 ошс ph1r:a " iп ib foll'o\\in ('11 ас; а пШ о i.n Lbe "tiing ·1� е. Wcil, l 'd Ьст:r §О m ·d dQ :юr1te
Rcad U'Jcm - пd , ·amd IIЬ . m · -cak:, u ш,g, th i> rdfJ р,1п�а • i1 tl1 iФrkJ От:е ugain, tW!IJ dom:!
Jr .• J 'lile OOJI.

:22

9 опш:t tbe mi take 1 .
,- 'ftmpl
1 С пgrarnls.tion. 1в( passi11g уоиr
drМпg t st . ...оп..•
" Vi'rite an.d le·II m. h � it lik iп
Paii: ----·-··--., .......
• I til I n t gct u · to k up
eпrl, in the moming .... ..,.............. .
1 hougbt I 'd \ rile апd ask you1 LO
gjvr:: me .an advicie. ан" ...............
-
1 h ре 1hat .vel) blng � Ш Шll'D. u:p
tiU rigЬrl . ..... ...............
ту r hav1;л '1 ,mtteп fro age
ut l'w:: Ьее·п Ьв · '· ....................
•· Wri�- me а lililc nJ tel1 mc ill r,ur
n w� ..............""'"
J'm \Yriling lo apologj - .а· ul по·
oming 1.0 уонr ". d linrg. ..................
[ look :fon ard t 1 _:.ar fr n1 ) u
01'1 ...................... .
Don't you ·�1ink my 11! w
excilmg? ....................
IШIY
ln lnJormaJ tetters you usua.lly r&lk
aboi:.11· more thщ, one toprc.
The rubric givвs you lnf ormatlon
а:Ьоо! dю sub,'ect of U,e letter· and
аПе111 telts ynu spec1Пr: taplcs W:h ct,
you ro write аЬо • - ,e.g. Уоо
ьаn Jus1 passed ап lmpottanr rest or
� Wdta·в1вtte, :1:
SUC!
• ф$й!imа wur pfans f01 thв Мне.
Тh&.S& topics wi I Ье c:Гscussed1 in the
main :ьоо� of уоог le е • You should
Ьegln а new pщagraph ·n each tqpic.
Parn: : O;pen[ng remarks
1 P.tra 2: Tefl fiiend а1юи· succe.ss
Рат з� DescrJoo ,_. ns fa fulщв
Рага 4: Closlng remar1<s
1Uл1121п1·шmо'I ш1rer;s
irn tlle 1 01 Re-ad СЬ, ruЬrk мlо" Но .�1 шап. maio l!Jod , ра rв ,�,ь , uld
· •11сЬ 1 •tt •r lю'\1°е? \\Ъ�t , ·01ild ,еа-:Ь р rngrarph Ь ab9ut',
У 01.1. u · aЬout to \1li it а. · nemd in , noth .r oo·uJ:Jti:y алd уо1.1 arc 1101 ure
1i,vh·1t c.lolhe. 'tп take ,, 'tb ущ1 or h<1 tn g L to 'their hotз: •
e.g. м, mtrm � ptJl'llв,ap:iм
PQ1Q 2 - ,аж, аlю 11 clorlш 10 take with уои
Рап:� Э - fl5k .lюw Ю gtt lй ftfwl's .lшust
В Уо111 lшve rt.c ntly movcd ·пtо а mew h u, _. \Vril а I ftc:r 10 yaur fтi,i.:.ni.J
descriЬing your n�w hou:e and invi ing .blm/h r to pe:11d ;1 wt:tk пd , •itb
у,щ1.
У ur wn: 1• 11· in, ilt:d ,('IU to Н 11d 1,i · \W bling in и miщth' time,
Wrftc
1 а. r'Lte:r thaпkiп01 hiю for the invitation нпd 3.! kiп hiш wlшt you
lюuld 1л1�1 а а weddirn pres.e:пt.
· · rit_ ,а
D ,ou. , gol two lic� L for а cck · wi� i:li'I thc M:<1_iюuiш,e�.
t !Uer ю ur fri ,ю,
inviting himЛ C'r I Jшn yn'iJ gw1r1g d =-w.1ls, of "" ш::11
pla - w are gairn 10, vi, 1·1. and. :u tion , 10 , 1з,1t h h - will ncod
'1.О t е \ ·1ь him/ ter
J
1Е Yo11r rou, "п i m. 111iдс Lo �1our it , Н khc ,1ra11t t ai1eпd 111 аш,е
.. ho�l .ш; y,ou. \Vrite а 1 ·ttrr to him/h r d . сп iп; your chool, L,e,1c·пcr:
шid timetable, and m nti. m1ng е t� , u tn•iLie. rtJic .сlюо] offe
r(il]' 1mвю n;g !111 . ·ti6Wi'
• .flowdo·
• Pe:rl1op !. rn1 ·е auld ...
i. •· JVlmi dn >·m1 1hi11k аhош
. am:l
,.. ug .. ,
•· t'it r аhош ... i1Jg ••••
11 -е the ;pri0шpr •. he1ow aвdl xpressinв &-(lш die ·ta.ЬI:_, аl ю\'. 1lfl rnak,e
·o,gge5f' опs
1 С m / dinп ·r / m:' ho1t · ' / li1 Х1 М Ш · t
2 pend J week nd /in I monnLain_
_ go slюppiLng / ni I il� D!re
4 vi i1 I art gal1ery I .vhile / Ье / in l.ondoп
23
 llinlf 2 lnlormпl te11ers

12 LoO:k а( dl, to III map an,d п.it!h а pa.rtner, sugge i: t.eve arn.m �·.11.e;n 3 How muny раrцgщр
;t1U!I c1.шfdl mee:L 1lПd ·w&.111 uu co:vdd de tberc. iш;lt1(re 111 lne. ma�n ud •.
-1 Whicb l)'M V.'Oll�d }'OU . tO
..g.A: Jl'f1t11 аЬо.ш т 1inl:J ш 1J1е Fain•if i1 Мшешп or 11оtш?
8: 171а1' и good it/cn, � е 02 1М atlmirc t11 f. са! rJl1.
о а ic '!

Ь :Rю.d the te'tiN' n:nd nnder,.

1 i1n t:Ь:- plhr е th1вt Мц �1
р. е. tn а, k :far dv:leie.

D·ea:r Рат,
Son] tha. 1 ha.vet\'t writt,eл: Jri
o.qes, Ьu:� l'vt Ье-еn ve у Ьшу studyiл�.
, ·m writlng Ье�::аше I'd re-olly Шое уош
a:dvice abou1t а proЬ!rm I have.
М11 Jrien.ds алd I have deckle.d to
9'1J away on ho! di:щ in the sьmmer,
bu I don 't nav,e enoUJgh rnoney. , was
·t 3 I(ead tJ - ft1llo\,,in, tdbtic O'IJ,vl 811'1 ":Wt:r , 11 que. U1 ,os. wonde,ringi iJ gou ш1 алу idea�
aЬout eami119 sйme, extr,a c1.Uh. lf 1
А fr�en.d ol yours, who has Ьееп l:rvlлg lп aлothm counЬy fот эоmе don.'t .щvе u.p e,.nougi,, mone� Ь
trme 1 is going to visit you ·r or а week. гite, а. letter sugges'ling ,1;hat Au91:1st1 1 1 11 havt to qo away wi h.
у

you might do together алd w:hat sig'hts: you mighl visit.

'r lnм� , · uld 011 Lakt . (шr [ri
,2: \ Ьа: i the mo t popular at tn
3 · rc Lhcre any b:rnшrs, onidoo
worth ",j iting';
r
41 WЬat kiш] ·t rnditюn I di. lie;
Мьm and Dad rыtead. Can �о IJ think
nd? oJ a11yth1ng th.a wa,1.1ld "-elp rne о,
ш
tiuп f(IUГ i1 /1.n, 11? m.o�,e some mo111ey quickl�?·
rnarkels,, faiirs, rсstв1шшщ etc whtich ar, r k11aw tл.11 you a!wag:t havг lo!:s
rэf grea.t 1deas Wh.a� wou!d �u1u
· · uld у· 1J uggest ·ou fi:iend houid f:JJf. a:dvise me ro do? [eas. write Ьас as
iaon, a.s you can,

tots oJ lov,e,
11ry

TD, ask ror аfМсе. уон аш use phJaSeS such �:

lJo YorJ thirrk I shoold ... 1 8hou1d I ... ?, Whar do J'OII thmff I Si1Q/Jld dD?
Do )'WJ lшm влу /dsа ahout ... ?; ,i Ы fikв ю моwwfm )'Ои Wnk аЬоиt ...
Сап уои th!nk of гnyll1/ng that .д, 1 иs wom:ledng f! уои ... ommJ letter givlng a:dvlce
те,
wмr WOtlkl уо1.1 · _ е, to ... 'l erc shoold offer s mpa!hy and
enoou ageme as wen as s ecific:
·t4 а) Re dl Llы: ru'b:iric 1:i:dl rundcrJ·�e i'l1e: ke)' ·,ord a.dvic.e wi. roosoм. Еш:h р1е{:е о
: ih.m ап -e,r ibt
advice is ritt� i.n а sep�rate
qu:e t on · ра гgr,a:ph.
You want to go 011 holiday in the summer Ьut don't ha.v e onou:gh 0p,n:f ng reml�$, -
1

mone,y, Write а leOer· to ai rrieлd, asklлg ror hJS/her advioe ,аЬсм l was юлу t-o пваr U1al ...
ways to earn ex1ra mon&y. Cflвet,lip/DOn't wonytoo much.
Ооп1 lel if get you doWR,
[ Why шп.� j!QU wr·ung 111- t ·не:r':' r'm ,оп� too giгd to help.
1 Wb.o · goiп ю r �d }Ou:r1 [t r.
24

GMng :advice -
1t I �19 you/in your pos1tfШ'I, / td/
lwoudn'r ...
,ои dtooltJ/&htJUfdfl 't ..•
N М)fJ!d(n:Qfmigh_ Ов а gooa юеа
(f()f youJ, to " ...
(1 JhiakJ tlIO Oest thlng w«rld Ьв
t'fЬr wuJ !) ..�
Wl1y tlodt уои ... ?
1-Fiwo 1001МtJ(Jhl (Jffaмut ...
с+ -mgJ?
Anolhergood fdм '8 !Ь ...
Resutt -
rn1s wШ{would mевп tht!l ...
menrrьst way ....
",IIOIJ do t/lfs, lЮlJ woold ... оо fМ1
уои oo!J/d/woufd ..•
,croslng remarli:s -
I hорв ,tJ'ia.l lhlsflrt'f шМсе helps.
111.е 's hорв that things get ЬвU 1
that вvзrythfng· tums ,oot aJI rtghl.
Let .те ююw wflat h8pr:,вl'IS.
'1 5 · 1Ja;� iЬ ·tbe proЪi ·m
11d iite, '11- en mлke . nfence••
]I[I _, n't ·r , 1.::.i.1 in jonk i· od
, ry ,d у. I'm о n igh1,
]IJ ] MI/Crt't g_ol: itrl}' fлeitd -. .J' 1111
lon·I.
]IJ ] m re]Y Ьаd a:t М t:h . Гm goin
IQ r 1! nty e.xam.
:IC) Ж па n'I go! mu h m IJ , '\ ·н'l'L
go, ОIП ,•i[II my frien�
]IJ ] ar... t1 d wi1l1 niy rneлdl. Н_/ , h
\.'i'DП'I mlk to ше no.w.
TtJlk fO )'OU'r f!e•t 11er" 011 m I get
:<1lra l1e.lp.
Ь Joi11. а ум You Yi1ill losc v.·ci �11.
с . p,oloois 10 l1im/her. You'II Ье
f ri _ 111 agai i.
d Join а ciub. Уо11 , Ю mi::e new
µeopI
Gtt ар n-rim job. You v-.·11 m
' 111� mo-n
.g. IV/1 • do11 1t ym� jain t1 g}7rl? Jf J'Otl do
tlri!i, ·tш '11 /ще 11 ,ig)1f.
u·пil 2' lnlormul le�ers
l'd Ьt lrappy
О 1� J Do,1 � lct j/ ge1 } 'lЦ clm't!n
� н,ш.•аlюиJ
Dear ма,�,
Thanl::s 11�ry mu,h Jo уо r letter, a:n.d. о cours,iЗ· r) f'm onl y too g�d to
hrtp. e:r;e: are а Jew h[ng� уои с.1111 fi� to earn all the mопеу you need.
Hr�t aJ all, 2) 1 tlunk you sh.ou. d g l а Saturda9job. Э) Have уои th.oaght
oJ trgcng to 9,et one !n а !оса! .shop so hat you сал Ье clo.sl? to h ome' ? Tlii.s
wШ mran that уо1.1 ,on i have to iravel so Jar оп. Satu.rdcщs.
4.J Aлother 9i:u1d td.ea. is to ,ge[ а job babysiШn.9. Why do.n't .�ou. as yo1.1r
.
li@,19h.boL.1rs? Mg anlц adv[ce s not о get ve·ry youn9 childreп,, bei::йuse th e
пее,d all your atten.t ,on. y
1 �оре ту' advfce ht\ps. S) Don't g v.e u.p if �о can't fmd а оЬ immediatel , .
W it"t 0/1,а let· те kл.сщ,• 6) wna� kopp,en:s: •.
Yours,
fam
1>) \'\"ha ad:vire dol! Pam ·ri\ l l" to Мпl'),.., \i\�bar o�'hc.r пd,·i!:e coul:d
}'1п1 gi:ve lo J\1,1r,·? .Uu , 1 ,, oufd у,ош • 1,1rt and , пd Lhe f Н r1'
"117 R нd tbe 1iUb1 • с, urlild[: Г l]C rb • �!' "rord1 i. md 1ш i-r 111- ,r�u t ion· •
Your pen · end has wrttten you а letter аз I g for асМсе on tюw to
lmprovв, hiS/her eaU:ng hablts. ал.о ge · . Wt'ite а Jett. e'I· offe ng advtce.
2
4
В,
J jo1n , gym - е · rcg 11 vl fl llrn bal ri d dit:1, . · n't pul
2 tr)' n t н1 еа·[ much jшnk Гoodl, ол \ -�111
1. li) bod \\1ОП1 1. Ьеооm.� l:tZ)'
l'i 'h, frW:I iШ,d с · ody ·wоп·1 ·1ar� ю much ·u ar
ЩJd fat
rywh re • w1bu d ·oon g,e1 in "Ьаре a.nd el fiH,er
e.g,. Ы lf 1, re ·с щ l �\'lmld joiu п юri ,r пщJ it�tl"rri,: ,-rg11larly. 11( ,iifl ineшr
rltШ} '011 'll \{)011 �l i11 h ЩJt! алd ·l?,e/ jiй&_
1 В Roodl dte rubi ·с im Ех. 17 a:gain, tЬ:en 1;,te )'Olllir l.ett,er ,ll2D· J,80 ,.,1шd ),,
Lf r tbr r �ta m , . 16 , , mod'el,, а "eU us y,ou.r • П-»veD. fr,um � ·. 1 ?.
25
 UNIT 3 Formol Lelfers
·11 а R!ead lfP qJU ' 1.ions Ь •J1н tflco l!istcn to thr lwoinnim
1
апd ndiog. of
Е�1 - 1: tl.:e шl tidt U1,e с, :rrocf 1юх for ,1r.1 1'1 1 ·tt •r..

1 � iy.ha d_1 l.ettcrl:i e:1t'\� iш�n. IШr 1 LdtR .2- IRllt':r 3

А 1.,0 apply :for а jab ...... ......... . . ... . О О D

В, r , k for info,rrnal.i n .. ..... . , ....... . О D D
10 r'lflake oomplaint ••••••••••.•••.•• D D D
ь, 1 1 i. ten iJ - in llfld tick lhe 001il1 ct ьu� r:or e111:h lettcr·,
2 Н , does the l.et1.er !Jcgin.
А Dear Ad1,•,erliser ...•.......... ..•.... О D О
В Оса , ir; : dam ...............•.... D D
Dear Mr \ 1lli11rn . ••• ,. , •. , •••• , ••..
1

� ,- t1kh o·f LI� �ol lU\viпg е1 р t :n ha"1e Ьсеп 1.1 sed

о о о
in tb. , >pcningrct sng l'i'" mark 1
А \\/i1b rc erenoe to your ad\•crti rn nt ... О D D
В 1 am ,vriting to appl)1 Ior th р ition .. .. О D О
сI an1 wnti11, !0 �r l'!}f di !i. t�fu li n ...
1
О D О
D J look .fon ard t . h a·ri11 ·€ юm уо1.1. ••• О D О
1 rn 1 iri. � i n а fu ll efund.... О D О
_ 11 11шk ус. u iп d.van - ... D D О
4 Но"'' do the le r nd 1

D D О
.'

А У 01.1 rs aiLhiilly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .

8 l.ot. of l l\i'C ••••.•••.•.•••..••.•.•... D D D
С , onrs inrerely ....... _ .. _ .... _ ...... D О О
p·,a1r,agr·aph 1

FoгmaJ 11eners are normally яnt to реор е in ал official posltion or реор1е you don openlng remorks/
nо·н we 1 (e.g. Director о/ Swdles, Personnвf Мамgеr, etc). They are _ itten rn а еш�о n[sl for wrifing
tormal style wJ1h а ро е, i personal tone.
• You can w · а formal rette to apply or а joЬ/ool!Jl'Se, ma е а. ,compla]n , gt'II •
requeS-1 Q oia]I in ormattQ11, е!с.
rParagraplils 2. - з -4•
• д оопаl leder should consisl o.f.
а) а lorma'I greei ng (e.g. Dear Sitfмadшп • wheш уоо do· пи/ krюw thв pвlSOll� developmenl or s.ubjedfs)
rramei l:IOa1' Mt втеп - whfm уоо know lhв µвrscm 's шнщ1);
Ь an ln�rod·v,� оп in wt, you wri е you opening emarks and memion y.our
reaso:n(s) for Yi i1ing e.g. l вт wdting to epply lor tmJ ,юsitfon of.J;
. ..
с) а ,malт botv in vhich уо1.1 write out а maln subjecЦs) of 1he [e:tter i detaJI, IFinal Paragra,ph
starlilng1 а new paragraph fm· each Lopic; clo.s,11ng remorks
о�, , ,con:c'I uslon i -- which Y{)l.!I мile your closing roll'W'Пk:s
e.g. l took f� to heВff_ng fют уои· a.s soon ,as possible• ... • Тhе rt/Jn'iЬer of rrюJn Ьоdу
,е) а ·rorrr,.a1 el\di"g ,(Jou/S' faitlmJJly • w1юп you do rюJ kriow №е pemon's пате: pa,ragгop}Js тау vmy,
Уошs slncerety • When ycu klIOW lhe !l)eJSon's nМЦJ; you fuП fWIW). dcpending оп f/ю nihrk.

26
 UDl,13 1f OJffi 1 [e'tl iS

rrlll�O, APPUtl
!N/'\ел you1 wr1le а letter applying for а jpb о а cou:rse-, '\IOU should ir1011.1de
l:he '!Q[lawlng i'nlomю: on:
'{(.IU's. failiifuПy,
А), in е opening1 r1marks/reason(s) for wrlt ng
SW/1! DCNieS
• the name· oi the jоЫсооrи. whfte алd when you uw it acl'V · ' -�ее,.
e,.g. ... rlle posl:io,n о1 msnsget � ln уев,мтауs неrаю.,
В), in. , е .mam ьоау ра ragra,pns (paras 2"з-4) '8 Dtar /!ie.adteacher, �
age, present jОЬ anCff()r slшlies {e,.g. 1 ат, в nf�...old unJvвmity
!1Ud&nt.j
• qual са ons (e.g. l h.we а, ВА ln FННЮЬ.J lfiml re:gards,
е ре· ence (e.g. l haw ьип wollrmg ais а waI fOrtlfe lasr two yea,s.) Steve
sюlts and persorw qua:Ji ·e:s INl ше st1Jl:tble !or lhe joЫcourse
e.g. 1 вт а good and ёiteibl tlrirer. 1 aooslrkк mysel! to Ьв maшre шю
respo.ns/Ьlв. Dear мrs: ни�tе,, . .,,,...,
С) n me Cilos ng rtmar1es
• any 01her importal"I · lnformation �.е. wti:en you are ava1 . 1е r:or · mii:ew,
Yours sincerely,
wt,e·,e and wh уо111 c.s:n Ье cootactedi, l№fer,eш:es уш.1 сал send, а
remarl< l'let you hope уоо: ap,pllcaoon м11 ье 1Jon.�d',ered, etcJ strvft1 Dr.ivJes
wm ьв
e,.g� , ava.1.raьre tш lnre1llf · tnsв� mьer.
t enclos8 rв� 1rom ту ,as, two employeю. \\11iicb o.f th. fo11 ins po.int hou ld,
' /оо/( fOIW81d ,to, hвs!tлg (ri:,m, уои. 1ou in ,udc in your le.tter7 Tick ,/

Voo usva!ly use:

'the present simp е to descriЬв skllls/Ptrsonal ,qua.ti ·es
·1л1r a\·ourjle .ubje ·ls 11t О
,e.g. t та {J6!ie and rвfiаЬ!в pe,wi'. .cbool
the pas't i'm:r,J'e to 1шk a.Ьout pas ехре ·� 1D �.rour qu.a:lific tion · D
т
e.g. Н sсЬоо1 1S94. 1 wcrted for Genwal , otm for lout )U[S. 1 )'Our prescnt ancl pre:viou
О
1(he pJesent perfect to taJk aooLJt recen wo studies J
e.g. 1189 Ьевп woddng' tor inv ю two
l havв rooemfy·fmJ'shed ss«mda.ry schoot
D а descriptioц of your О
арре.�.ш·
Е у ur persoпal qt1alitie, D
2 R�dl (h ru'bric ll'nd und!crlme tbe ·,еу or,ds- 'tht11, ап ·w· dJ your plan for th , umm.e.r О
1111 l:if'IIII ,
7 \ · Ъ· 1 1. do you think tЬе ucce.s fui
You saw this advMinmenl in а tooal newspaper ,eлdl have decided CЗJ11dida� �houltJ Ьс
!о app'ly ror lhe job.
pa1rcnt О aniti
ls tao!<ing tDr а В nt'b '.i�l:ic Е hвrd�working
- Gвoc!Je's PrimaJY S.clil� . a1hle.'I&_ t aiJ"
ted s.choott.ea�beт
- n • ,в-nem�it and ie�l'lfш
·п us n sepmmner. Mustbe
а. gaod oщan1ser ,8 What
• - �een ,011 spoтts .
· g ,de s
• ;ease appt� in .·!fri • , о Mrs �- � О IOП
s е,феМ Се �
Qua'Ufl&atJoцs, skШs a.ml prevLOU. kм- the JOD.
- уiЩ11 wny you lhink you am su зh1е
гщ oate 12\11 мау. \\ll'шt. q'1,шШicati n' � uld mеопе
шшd ro irply ur th is job?
Write ·your lletterr ,or appl c.rtlon. Do 001: wr,' е .any addrввses. drivin · lioon
В ci J3 ·п Education
\\,i- i, goim , 10 r'(':ad you:r Jetter, 4 С а d grcc iп Мс li · ·1.шJie
Do ��ou, kn \ l.lii per:011 t 11. 5 :ш
IJ а rerti:firate gymn�tics
\\IJJat tyle. , hoш!d yo'U u. с? 1Е а diplurпи in interior ,dcsigп
21
 Untl 3 Fшmo'l1 lelle1s

3 .R.e: d 111.· letler · 1tdl liabe:1 1Ll1:1J 1mm f:'d[Pl!i� "'ii[fl 1111: l. 1euding!I, 1�111u•. 5 _, iEI i:n th • lllШC[ roпn оГ tl!Jc
а.,1 . liat q,u1Ufit11·tion, , е р :Ii. о nnd pcei onal q-uз'lit1 : 1е,, ·n
1
,, rЬs in rbe li 1.
he1 • D1n•oш tbi"1u.k h ц11 t tl1c ·:оь·:
Jlшly, h r! ,11 1t1.&n1Jt!r, grшluate,
·• с/о.�iп,х r-emr1rю • {Ji:r..ш1�l qtmlicir..,· • и 11rcs т jr,1,/quuli 1 щfи,и joi11, сШ ud, tJ"ht ul
·• opming m1iarksfreason() for ,,..·rili11g • &perie11·c:e
r,
1, ] ml(ilJ{itttl rl • nt:e пiv� it 1

iri 199 � 'ith а fi rst cla . i:!1.:gre iп

D1:!ar Мm Hmter Para 1 Pl"I}' icul Еdш:айоп.
Wi!h e:fel'lence 1.0 уош ad.verьseme,nl m Thursday's 2 ; t 'tl1c mom1.:111[, 1 .............................
editi.on of tЬе Daily S,tar, J am interested in illPP1Ying COU' ' цt S{щthfi ld С llt;g_e,
ro.r lhe posШ.on о:[ prtm.ary sc}юol t,eacl'Ler.
P,ara2 J ter l"a iпg l1igh lшcl 1 ............
1 ат 38 y(lшs old and CiWП!11tly teachmg iл Мarga;te. [ ......................... Ar · зt ·1Ь ., ��юоl of
have а BSc degree awarded Ьу Glasg:o,ч U 'rve,r�IY in Fm A.rt in Рв.r:·
199'1'. ]' comp1e!:ed my ,r::enificale in Edumrion at
Preston T,eacher '1'rai.ning College in 1998 .. 4 I аш kee11 оп pori_ I ......................

i I have Ьевn working; ror· Marga.te Education Раrаз. В· rl п foo!bd. club lhree mo111l1
а а.
"" Dep.anm.&nt sil.ice 1999 Dumtg l:h.is lime,. I have
,.
1•

s enjoy�d taeaching а. vari�ty or suhjects, including r ..., .. , ... , ......., .................. of tb • loc.d
Eщ:rlish, General Science зnd Garnes. or,ch tra, \ h re [ play thc iolin.
1 cww:idet myse!f to bQ p�al �-working and Para4 ,6 I \\r ................................. а. 1ra.d А
!air. I enjo,y w,or1dnq whh olilldren 81\d мvе good in М 111 •
organisationa1 skills.
I encl.ose а. ref,erence Irom my preвent em:p}oye:r. 1
would Ье grat:eiuI if you wou!d cons.idet ту Para 5
a.ppli-calion. [ .am avail:aЬ!e, юr inrervie\v аn;т weekday Formal styre is. ctiaracl'ellsed Ьу 1he шэе
nwmlng. 1 look Jorwarid 10 малrщ frcim yau. af:
Yours l'iliшere1y, advanced voeabu11ary
·S+eve.n Pavie{ e·.g. J вт wdtlng to ooqutrв whвther
... (wt 1'1ИМt te·вэlffiJ
Steven :Darш.es f:armal liп�пg: wor,ds{phrasus
(conseqи'efl 'fy, hol!rla111e1, therefore,
fOr lhis reeson)
4 Read tbe f ,ttcr п i n nnd tind F rm L e,.g. I Ьsvв worked as .а prfnwy
school tescher for·ieл years
iпf�rma№ o,n. in1 t!Ь 1bl)Jc, м jп tbe
and theretoм nave e>:petfsncв
worklng wfth chlldren,
Fnrmal (yL
ранпlче voice
Аlюпi }IOUtr ad.vcr1 .. . Wiih re[e:lf!.nre· .ta your advmisement ... e.g. 1 СМ' Ье oont8c.ted ...
r\ апt to apply for ... (not: 'f.5-e811reortaer m1t •• J
I eOt my tca пin ccrtIO arc ... ро lte ·tormз w lhout contraclions
[' 111 .t· .t jul i,1 ... e.g. 1 would Ье gm.teful ff ... ,
I would арртсJаю il if у.ои
[ 1hink I m ;il� :ау ш1 1irп ... could •.•
[ like \\'orkiпg wilh kids ... 1 WWJJd mre ю вррJу •••
l l1�t'ie'' 11 n t.e 1·rom my Ь · · ... (по • •1 'tl 1Вfв ••.j·
i'd like i1 if yoп hired 111 , •• i.,� .. 1•1•...,чi.•�••t .. t-"•.. , ... ••1a.t<..1•1•uч ... 1 , ............ ,.., •·1•t•H•••"'u"1 � Co'lloquiв.1 Et)ф�ions, ph,asэl verЬ.s,
I"m [ree. Lo I k 1 1d'ioms and short fшmз ше not. used in
: formm style.
Drop :m1,,; 11 lin
28
 Um 113 f orrnol lelters

• pcnirr n:mnrkslrrn rm ( ) fttr ,vrili11g • r.qw-tie11r1., penonnl qrmlirie

• cl �i,ig rmш.rю.· • а �/tJl1.al.ifrм1imz 1, 01.Jii'r mfnm1uliщ:

® �ara 1 Dear Mans:g.er;

О/ llU�
I .m1 wr.iling 1.0 .арр]у fur the po9Jil.lon oI parr.time IOJ J"v,e ,demded to dr,op ;ron а Une
sMp a.ssistant wht.:h --u a.d.11ertiиd - this week's rt.11
11u.r/.:Jf
4 (sJ for .аьош the joh yau .a.dwrtised ,in lhe
,ecU!Юn of the Prankwn Errgljsh Newэ. ,·,i(j/ flanМw1 .English .Nвws.
I .am а 16-year-'Cld !Иilldem. [n DeoemЬer [ passed lhe rm а IR-yeм--old student, апd. my
e:xarninalffo11 юt die First Cemficate in Бtigllsh vitЬ E'nglish i:sn'[ bad. 1 go · a:n А. :l.n те
grade А :О ts my аmЬШоn 1.0 become а teac'her oI Finf Ciedi16aate e,cnm! 1 w,am to Ье
Englisk. Тheмrore e1пpюyinen1 in an B111glish· an Engшh tea.cher, so .il wowd Ье llois
I.mg11.1age bookвhop, particwm}y арр,ез)!s, 1:о me. or f1rln ·10 :sell Eng№.h oooks.
Despile my, cll: of !omw wark ,experienc:e, I !ее] lhi!llt Р,аmЗ Ihave:п{t worked hefote, .blill fm51Ue
i w,oшd Ье well-sui1cd for lhe positio:n. for the past f d 1ю goocl! м lhe j:ciЬ. '[ve he1ped ,o.ut
\WO уешs [ have Ьееn .а volw:tteer he1per ш ош ookoo in QЩ school � ror ,agoo, and 810
lilirary. iп my scl:lrюJ repon I wэ.s, deso.riЬe.d Ьу lhe liЬrada:n s-ays, you �. count on me
liЬrarian as eDlhusiaslic, dedicaled and reli.aЬ1e. ю,wo.r"khad!.
Sm,te the schoo.1 'halidays mclude the :mon<ths о ·Juily 1Par.a4 lwon't Ь . d� g шytЬJ;иgmJulv and
and Al!lgus� J will ha,ve ,ш o-lh.e.r commilm� iimd AJЩUsl, We've got oiпscl oolholidays
wouJd Ье ar�1e ю work a:t ,any timl!!·, exclшding йlen, so J сап · 11ork ,зnу hо·ш you Ш<:е
Saturdarys, rar es many hours ,as �e,eded. (Ьu[ MI Samrda.ys).
I m;ay Ьв coцlaot,ed al the шюvв address, or hy YoDI СiШ get ш fOUICh w!ith me а! the
Par,a 5
1elephone o.n, 436 ] 708. [ Jook f'onvard ю ·recei<vmg· а аЬ01;1е adшess or qi. е me а. rmg on
reply in d.ue course. 435 L 7'08. Lcet m.e know· soanl
Уошs fщth{ully, А!1 me.ьes
·s-t�fP 6nv� Suffi
Ste:Ш Brau.n Stem Braun

Ь 'om11111r, ·t:h:c i'И'U lctCcr.;.. \WJich ne Ьа an ppr pr:·a.t i"ng 7 n \m iЬ lc( r i·n IE._. 6 с D 'П'\!1
ond t>n1ding? �еп uлdemlinr Pt pl_n1· � im LeHcr �·l1iclm n1c.1 n ti:n.d eatb o,r 'IJ ·es е ftamJ\ _ �?
l'Ьс · mc 1.1 11h , pb:rn · ш bofd1 io Letter В. \i\111.icl . t yJe 11_0,е - , ЬеW еш.'h poiiof as ,or В,
. u·to!Ьl!e- .i1n а .ГФnnnil [, � r ,il[Pptvjn.R for 111joil!J? \ '- Ь ,,.,
[ hor[ ОГl!Шi

нa,,c1-wo·rki11g voung1 a&-sl:stanL wanted 1or part:-tlime 'WOrk. n а bouk-shop

dutr"ng July/Aug111st. No1 tal,e& ехр · r :епсе 1шeded�, ьut а IJDOd
u1nffers1anding 01· 'l!!nglish 1is essentlal.
1

----------:=.........;;;:.::
Apply \n wri,ing tlll B·Do\worms. lon ·r, mor� mplc:x
seлlenre.
8 .id.v·шc�d abu liil}'
coJloqui 1 :,:pr ion;
IФ 1Х Н1с, i111r ТООI ·1111..111,1:
2g
 Uлlr 3 lormo11er1ers

8, Rt,ad IIЬe rnh:ric undcrJJin tЬ · 9 \,�ril � )1QUt J ·l·Ler rlf · · pp1ic�[OOI Шl-:1801 wurds • Do, no:I, U'fi с any
t, . ,om and 8.di" et,· 1.h, adiilre.. • • · • 1rron •.8 1[в: 11 IIP 1•ou •. &11. ,с:л.п us ЕЬе
qjUJ tio11 •

'Vou saw th1s advenlseme11t n

а local newэpa,per, алd have
declcJIGd ·10 apply fо ·1t,в job.
lп а formaJ letter ma.king а <OOГ1i1plalпl, you тау usв а mHd tопв. · or complafn1S
aЬoul m·nor pюbl0ms, ог а sшщg lone, for com:ptшлts аоош more seriou s
matiters; espeoJвlly wi'ien у,шJ ше ext:rernely upset or aлnO\led. Hrnve.ver, lha
language уоо шэе should nе11,1.ет Ье rude or lnsu llng.
• lln th1a1 o,ening remarks, you sho!.!kl staю уош complamt, lпctudfng
delalls of' whm мs �pG111ecl алd er, wrnsn iпcidaпl look plaoo.
в.g. ild) • J вт wdtiflQ tп cшmвc:lioo wlth ...fto oompfa!n вfюиl· ... ;!h.в
temblв Ьвht;моиf/вШ1шJв/тdелвsв 61 ..•
t ат W11ting to dmW r,йШ' denUOO to WМCh •••
(S.irong} • 1 WIOh to bli'ng m your attea iоп' г рrоЬJет whir:11· аюsв· doo
m

to your 8lвНJ!ooffir;funoy •••,

• tamм11fngro�m,moog,�at ...
• 1 wisb to �mss ту dls.s11ti�if11cffon/11nha"JJ1'1nвss wtth· 'lhe
product/lrulmem I reoe№d from ... оп ·-
• ln 11:ш maln· tюdy paragraphs, )Юi.J preseпl васh о1 Lht specffic poi11Ls you
are oomp!вining аЬоl.11. You start а l'llew paragraph ior e.ach point and jLJSltfy
1

lihese poinls t>y g.iving e,�amples.lreaoonз.

e.g, • AmюugJJ, уоо.� ,ор � l teitdlat thв·fJIOdиёt lpшch8sed
wmwe/1Ьeюwthв stшdшll (Щ)fIOJвd.
• ln the cloolng r,emmщ you sho 1d ,�pl:ain whal you e)(l.,pect to ha_ppвri
(e.g. to Ьв gfv:en а refunct/replacemer,t/apo ogy/elc).
e,g. (Мud) t hорв уои wfJJ ,ер- се ....
1 �f)щ . 'ki11. q uаПiсз1 ion. авd 1 feel!Ьefl'eve rlIOt l гт erwtJed ;/о, в ,repJaoementJrefишl ...
ре: ·onal q щ1liti1: do �ruu thin1 l hopв · th/J mattw cmr Ье mdvedfdeaft with promptly.
(Su,ong) 1 nsfst onh demand а · · ,efund!вn immвd!at.e rвp1acвmentletc
woufd Ь. lp you gct the job? Circle.
м I ths1I Ье fйn:sd' ro ·faA9 fega!.scdon/tflв тш, fиnfler.
А л .r tic nd. i Ы
в l hopo· that I wfll nol Ьв fм:ed to rakв ftJltJw асЬm.

··п.,1111р J.. , ycar

D а, ·r
Е likc 'iVQr r kiпg � ith, cl1ildrcп 1О R,iшd tl с mhnc ,опd ·uшle:rnJJn. • Ш.е key �lid' , 11.hm Шil · r flle
F goo I ar rl.dt"IO.r activirt :ш 1 �n ·qD s·li!J!'JI '.
G g щ.lcook
Н guo(J orgaпi er Vou r,ecen у boцght а calculat,or, ЬUt you were given the wrong
1 р a.k IE1} II. 1:1 nd F.ren Ь mod� Ьу mislake. Whe:n ·you complained; lhe shop assistэn! wзs
2, \\111kb of th poin abo\re ·re er �о n..ide 1:о you·. Write а letler 'lo thn company's c:omplarnts ,departmen·t,
skШ , qua1ific..aLion . expcrieнce or eкptann1ng the 1r,eason,s for your dissal.isra'Cl.ion and sa.ylng, what
1 - nal u:ri]iti ? action you e�pool 'lhe оотnрэ.n,у LO lake.
3, Do 1rou kn.O\ ' th pi.: �оп. you arc \\'lю, i . .1!: irig, to rcad u· lcltc,r?
\� ·нп to? 2 Do 1ro111 knrn , tl1 р rnon 'ОП arc \\'fitiпg 10?
;t. \\IIJнL i усшr [,. а · n [or ,:i.·riliпg. З lr 11r · ·ou ,vriLi11g ibl lc't'ti:v
� Н:оw h •ld yoi1 gi1 ш1а nd tl1 4, - 011id 'OU ·ш;е а ш ild t п or а, . [mn · ton ? Wh .
! tt r? :5 Wh 1,ор ninл and J.o in r, .mм wm.lld you wтit ?
30
 Unll 3 lormol leitlers

11 1\ dl th. ·1е11е рро . "1t d

IШ 1in tbc _р · "tb "' rd '[): r ir/:Мadaш.
11b,r:-,1 ·е , rmJm СЬе li ·t. � L �1.ГJ} M;wr..w Ш �хр11 ' l'U ' 1:nщ • d�ar.i fi1i:ti Ш HI rl1 Para 1
(lk.gt,·L , .f"11 I.J·, · Lnn �,1L I rec:eive(!. at IЛ( \1\f;1lford
1
'С
Ьт aJso" ftm1wm1ore.. 11 1 l1г. ·ы,сh of 1:1111р n' Ef t 1· I ·
Qиiy, lю• rv er, in. ш/Ili/i(J11 ro, Firstly
fim�·. 1й тшr.е matters ,с,:и:
P,ara2:
·
Ь l:ead tli)c ttrr �шп arRdl However
lпbel thc раrп r.apllI • with,
tb. - h udliпgs.

- clмi11g w rks Furthermore

Раrаз
� 01ю1111 remork' t,msoll{s)
fo.r ivrifirt
- lsJ camplaiш & l!Xamples/
[ffl.'i,fl'/!li о с •i:n ith.
To make matters worse
•· 2nd rDmplainl f,X{lmpl. ·( 1
,4) Jftfllof'"'"'l"••••••ltf'l•··�"'""·'"'•'ft + 1
reas�u
• Зrd romplafr1t , e.ra,npfnf however
r�(нt:,· but also

1 1 , сап i1 , • n • l ш •trc1.11, . 1 , u . ct. 1 n1u t

Para 5
....
Ж i,n 1 L оп а Ji.111 rcli 11d. ('i) .......... _......................._________
"1· w1·iн в ..ipul. Ю' ruш IJt locd ша111;1, 1·, ог •!!I� !
� . h�II t' г�:м tл t,ike 11rth а · on. [ oct ro
·
11 -·в� h шп 'ШI " SО{Щ ,1:'; р ibl .
\'ош-s fuil.l]l11H •,
1��,J,.'.н 1/1'#,;.4
• А rcpl c-e,mct1I О 1
·:1tt1,li11� ,\dш 1.
• Л ul1 refщ1d О
- Thc cJJ.I ul:a 1or о Lw r pt1ir О
• Ал apoloюr 12 R .цd lhe ioU1, ·п.g ,- tr ·�, пd DJ' �1hirn or tЬ. m, 81П' begiшпillig (В)
• �'hal \ Ш , · dan1 do if ·he i nd • h re М1d•11;- .• \,f.l1al io11e .11 _ '1'11 ;ri11 r u- d in e'1clJ�?

U ,d Э. D1ild О[ ПI!] 1 am writin · lo oo.mplaiп ahout the q в.lii)' f nn awlian l roo ·ntl11
nderHцe the '1 '0rd 1 urcha. d frщn your 00111р·шу. mild tone

а. i.11\ reitind, о i h�II Ь

[!О
t
I dem:-щd an inim . dial . replac..cme.J t or
..............,-••--·····"'"""''····
rQп; nd tlJ tak the m�tl .'f fшtl1.er.

[I[J ·
I wшrld appl'ieciaie t 1f thc flшH a11111iцncc oou fd ·i1 hcr Ьс rep]aced or
rep ,1ire(I as :ЮO[JJ as роы;iЬI . ····························-·· �......

[![] Т ап1 \Yriti111 in 1111 nrrn ·, t• 1 l1ы J , - arnюlul:e.fy iшrrified ь. lh

rud .ncss о )'Our hop , islan . .......................................
 Пnit з: formol le:Mers
13 Rt::ad Lhe i oatio
1
Eh 11 -tшns [hп. lhllt11\\', as in,
tl _, ·ampJ
1 m ml h пgо you oнfe:red ооше
k"i11g сqыiрш nr hош а sporl hop
and poid " crcdiE cзrd. · thougt1
\r ou ·1' ·ed 01' j t to Ь . 1'11 Ь)' О ШLU,
l(Ш l1ov rcc ivcd 1щtl1i n .. У ,u
urg: .пl:J need Lhis cqпip,a nt.
П. You reocn'll. bou 1L n air
1
coп(ll'Li :uer whi ·h h;1tl been
ad\irrtis.ed сш lclevi.ion. On
roceiviing il, yon d: · ov. red (1:шl. il
\ щ, nнt!1i11g liki: 'tlii: pr{Xl(ICI · \ \\1111
in ·111 d r1 · ni nL.
Ш щ1 h�v� ju�1 1,.'tJR1 Ьi:i _k fi'щn !11
ра -!шgе h liday "'hcre } u "'ere WIJ
di&lppoutted t the Ja k or . шн-�
пd poor · rvi1.:
.1 Wrn lit f Lhe full мng oomp[ain
, · rld you i11 lucle in е,а 11 1 Lle ?
\ rit ull -пt п с
rшve a1ready p.:,id - eчuipme-nt
. 1ill 11 t cle1r,rer d - 11т��ntly
nood it иtlет !
R ooпlrary tr. ad, e:rti 111е111 - no
wйнming pool roo1n
xtr,eш1:ly .mall - IP m· 1d
model not ane ad · rli"e:d - lш
- ugl • - i<J.f.a �1i пеd model
.... c1tcl1 1t1e up�11i11y and cl iпi:
r ш. rks, tl1 :n � \ hi h lctter of
. з2
cornplвinl: ou \\IOU !dl use t:Jrшm f r.
1 •
tре.пiп remar . ... , J in ' rcmnr · · ....
1 wi h to е.,, m. 1 J fecJ, oompl.c·1:eJ I heiш:d and
dissзl� t,arlтш, \ Ш1 уонr шai]­ tlюrefor"· dcnшnd а fDII н�fпnd
rde ,of Ll�e· ,н ne р id, t,o уо11.
В Ш)' .] ·1 ; n i ·t th ill tl, p·rt с.Jыс i>e
rupla · d 1r 1 · 1 �. ·11 1 f( cJ
to take f.ur�bc.r 1c1ion,
agcnc•. U 11les1. [ гмсi. е 1h ,equipшent
r fc 11 !. ,ш t ооюрl t:tin аlю111 Lh Ь the ·11,iI о 111 i. wc-.ek, 1 will
misleadiп udverti ement on Jш е 110 choke bl!lf to сш1с �1 m
Т рrош �пng yo11.r produ пier.
14, Read tbc sjt1IJal"io11 bcJO\ :aшil а ,:
You IWi near а осопdшу �i I. L.1tel •ou h, е I п di. urЬ 1,у u
поi � ,c-l1ildr n w.bo �a1h r ou id }1011r liou . playjng I ud mu ir
a11d 1l1ro ·п� litt J ·010 you g,a dcn .
15 J,oiio tilP fril]w.11 ·, g -1.1mJ•Ja·in1 tl)) thi.:ir е . .__mpJ_ 111. ir�.2
l1inking ' •onJ; pbra 1): &1:101 tl t li t Ь ]о,· И LD �·h
twi, '!R thcugh, lю1 ,e11'er; in Npile о/ lhe fа t n�1'enl1e/,ш,· 1 ultlщlJ 11, /лrl
[ �h n • gamc= luok Шt n. mm1.11 · • 1,010..1d 11111 m, omrur, r.
Tht aic. m 11 aid it uild [oad ian'tly. m
Пrr Ш'1 • gome took [if/fiYI minufrn tn lrmd wrtn т • cnm1mJr r1", WШJ .though
rl.r ·altsman юid ;, 'OJ , 1 road i11 toml)',
,r
2 1 p,1id · or а · 1. ri е e t1mi 111.:t diN �- '1Ъ re ,. cr 11'\ tltrc оощраеt di
in the.Ьox.
Т11е ш1' с il i ·eшenl ·1id th tc11t \\'38 \v.at"rpmu(. Ri1i 11 fш Lirшa 1.1 drirp d
into th.e tent.
.
4 Th Ысусlе w· Ьтarid п� . Т nе ,huiп сшnе. оП m,. bicyc1c 1l1e. ·1'r.it lin, · I
rodc it.
� '111е a:ttcry w nl 11.t'L t1r1 ··r uпl wo huu • 1 ir1 �ru tior id ii 1а1�1 ю
ior ix[C·1.:.11 lюu
 Unit 3 rorrn� i.ell1ers

16 Rеш:11 1lb, rubri. and uшlerlimш ib 1щу wo х1 tllllc:m а.11 яr er ·Lhl!' 17 Thcse porngrapm: � \\Tiffco im
qu • Cuo ·· 1 h • wmog , , Jt. ·Com:.: tl ш m.,
11 1iп 1Jh 'W!ln:I. · 1i11, LI . 1 i, L Then,
You rooently w�лt юг а meaJ at Веппу's fEmt food reslaurranl, which
• 1 , '11ch, , an pmm rt.DW'.k
1s parl: of ал Jпtema.tion·al chain. Unfortuлatв·y, th/3' sВJ\llce was vвгу
s :ow and the food was bad ly oooked, so you compla111ed �о lhe пd ·u·lucb · clo шg: remш'k.
supeмsor. Howeveт he was very rude to you an:d insistвd on уош
paylпg for the meal. You have decrded ro write а letter of complaint \ - as )'01/ car, iшagim• - о full refliшl
1о lhe oompany's hea.d offioв. Wrile уош letter 1 щplaiп·lпg lh0 - п ,,1illm opoiogy • l пт r.:xtrem ·�·
roosoпs for your romp.1a1пl шid mying whal you екре.d lhe· oompany up.s:el � J jt!el 1 ат .eшirled to • /
1.о do. look or,w•rd ro rt."r:eiirj� уот
promp•rtp
W:hat ; , . rour rсв оп far �ьould :ou ·\,rfi1c'! \Vhat hould
,vr.i I i11g'l 1he I i-,ic ur са ·!нш • Ье'!
- Do )'OU lшuw 1hc р r:·on you are б Re·1d (he adve1·1i, menl. i1Dd 1k
� ш,,�
1 ! с mplaiлls i11 tl, pcecl1 ЬuЬЫс ..
_ Would (щ1 nse mild or • tro111J Theo t. lbc: Oшpla:mt' iJПd
langш.1(, ? \\1 h ? iL:7tiЬI I ink' i1g \ 11rd. 1 · )trase. юо
·pJ in Lh r э n 'i!l'h. you r
Но11 would } u Ьеgiп аш:1 , пd
о mplaining.
tJ1ll!r'
•
l lrn, man, m.iin I tl(ly p.1rugniph · В · CQmp/'air1crl • 1 ит J ,,ilirig to
e.1.prn • l ,, :u: rred • т а ,е1·
1 h.ad to walf - mj' comp/efe dissat" facrimt - ti1r
5 minutes ю give ffi!/ Ьei1011ioцr о 1/ с• i�pcn.i or
Drder. 1 to ok 1::1 fu thi'r
20 min.u�es fo, the
jl)Od ЬЕ
иrv, d J N! - J' wan о · el! уо11 2)
shccked imd d sg sted J o:s
tne meal ЗJ I had la.st 1gh а the
loool bral"lch oJ Benny s, and 4) how
renlly JL.lfiOl!tS I w,as o.t 5) wh.at the
ТЬе chips !,\'lli!rl!: supfrv,ts:or did wlн�n 1 6) satci th:f
raw Lft . mea !1145 Jood was ftorriЬ!e.
jrozen, [n the mlddte
and е tomaro s
V.'ete ro NеП!..
18 Read, 11.Ь. · mbwr I Е.• т.б, agaiin.
\\1:r"C )'tur J tter ( 12 10-1 О
,,,щ-d j u ·iп JOur 1ш , er�
froш Exs. J б ,aod 17 to I е]р you.
'\f 11 1 ililil u е th •!•нег :in 11
а. а m, del.

e.g. 1 D&-pite llre re ·титпl' cfaim о/fm,·1 ·('n i(' ', llюtl ,о 11 il ...

\�
1
l1al Wt1uld 01.1 i: рее! tl :ump· n' 10 d,�·! .� re un(I di�� 1t 1;
. upeпi r. i1111pmve ervic,c rherk on q1.1юit) of food [с) Ln \vhic:h
paшgraph woнld ·ou, ri[ онr d Пli:шds.
 NIT 4 Semi-lormo11 le11ers·
3

В 1 am t>- tr�nwl gr.Ф� ul

2, lNfщ slylc , f ,1,•ritiпo docs Jackie;
е 1· nk. u .,.. r;• 1111u ·h
moLber · h hould u !
1

1[) urs a"lhfull М h n

rгii:шdl)' 31) inform. 1
В form 1 11.d official 1Е Вcst ,vishe ·, Ja kte ЕЬdоп
pol'ile and respe(;tflJ 1 Lol f � 1,•е, Ja kie
ntr oductJon
•
p·,a,agraph ,
Semi-ro maJ lвlters are sen lo p,eople, fOLI do nc:>1, kno� very wвfl or when, you waлt 10 openi g r,emo kslre0St1nlsl
Ье mогс poflle ,а d respoo1ru1 {e.g. а. ре.г. fi iood's ра е ts, а pe-tSon 'уО do, not kлow fo wriling
very well, а s,cnooltead er, elc). Fог liiis reгron, 'thei; are wrill.eri i- э more polite la е
hiш n ormaJ letlers. So · е forrмl rarigllзge сап Ье 1.1sed. COmpere lhe rollowing: al od
INFORMAL Thanks а lot · о he. inv ita ·оп. 1 d love to ,oome Lo your p.1riy.
FOFIМAL ,1 would Ье· .:ielighted to а tend уоuг ьr hda.y cэleЬration. p·,a1r,agraphs 2 ... Э ... 4
S·E!MJ-FORМAL Thank you tor your ind invi1a1·on. 1 woo]d love to joln you on yot.J1 developmeГJI ot subject[s:I
Ьirthday.
m
• А sem1-for a1 letter shou d cans1st of: Concl lan
а) а. ()fma) ,greeting e.g. DN.rМr·sncJ Мrs ВеАw;
Ь) an lnl1f'oduct!o1111 1 1.vhich ,OLI write уоuг opooing remarlls and c!earty :slзte the F i1n:a 1 1Paragraph1
rмson{э) lor writlng, e.g. 1h8nk у,ои WI},' тооh fndood (or your kJ'шJ olfer.,. ;
с losing remorklsl
с) а. main body in whitti you \'ll'ite ll'le maJ s,ub ее (s) oi е letter fn detail. starting
а ne,v paragJaph fог each topie; • тtre питЬеr of � ain /х,ау
d) а conclusion i "ch you ,wi е, y,our cfosi11g remarks. e.g. l ат looIOng farwatd parogrophs тау vary,
to uel ng уоо мхt rrюr.rth •.• : dependlлg Qn thв шЬгfе,
е а seпu- ormal eпd[11g1 1/fвgшds/Вool' wishвs;, вю & yoor ful I name).
)

\i\'ho, i 111g 10 r d )101.11"

2 Re· d 11h rubri. amd unde:rLine (h" J::ey мrd tben а11 ·c'r· qыe: ti:011 . J tФ 7. lct er?
You are going to aliend ressons at а lмguag;e school ln Bril:aiл. The sclюol has 2, Wl1 1 ar )'OU , ri,ling the
arr,anged ror you Lo s,ta.y wilh а looal ooup�e called Mr апd Мгs Jaпkson. The letteli?
Jacksons have wr i1ten а le tв, 1.о ask ra oome imoлmation. Aead the extracts 3, How mзn. m in body
trom :hel, retter, the Wi'ile ai l'eU!er ln reply gMng them 1he infoпnalion lihey p.i.r11y apl J oul I it
have asked tor ,and ino'Juding алу ques ans or requests о уош own. iш:!l'u 1 · in. '.)ur 1 ·11 r?
4 Whfch ,of Lbe, i 110\ ing
... lf you i:0111cl s,imd us d.eta.ils. of you.r travel pюlilS, wё wou[d. ь� happ� t(J mee .Jюuld yoUJ цionlioп ui
you on a.rrivo.l. We c:ou!d easil� c:Qom.e up ro l.011don ... yпur tm ,·1 p�n . Тi. _ /),.
а) datc ВJПd ti1п� of
Do IJOLI ha\1€ a.ny spocю:l requtremen:ts or requests reqru;diпq Jood? for in:sJan:ce.
arriva1 О
perh.ap.s. there are ce,rtain , ings цоu. o.re no, allowtd to ea 1t, or some Ыn.9 which ...
Ь J f1i ht 1ш111lк: r О
с) nнmb r uГ ·u itc. ' D
d hu'i'' you 'i\�ill Lта 1
lf th.e 1е is cny irtJo ma.tiort you n�,ed or an.yth .ng уои wo 1d П е us to do for from Lhc irport О
you, p1eQSt don't n.esita е to as . Na ra:Lt� we \fan ... r
е) OOSI llight D
34,
 Unlr ,4 SemHшпnol le11ers

• \\'[1nt :.ould .rou t 11 tbe:m alюut food. Con1pl -t. 1·h fo!lo -in. nшп. - :
а N. fa.1� ro ft · ·d i .. · �11сегn � 1 " .................. _.. .................... !, .. tl .... !!!1!!!!1!141-1!1 1-!!'l•!••"""'''"f''' 1
srn.e
1)) ТЬ. only l:hing1 �), I don t [ i are ........................................................ . 8e'mi•formal sty е ls ch�rncle111sю Ьу;
с 1 Faivo1arite food 1 .. ,н1,,1.,н,,,,,,111111,., ... ,, .. 1111•••!1il-iitH•• ............ ;,11.1.- ..... ,. •• !lil-tiiiiiloil " • ihe IJlSe of less 00110 ulal laлguage
di) 1 ш look1п fon зrd to tryin� ............................................................... . е,9. Тhank уоо 1Ю/У11Ш�h fcr yoor
1,�1 �u tion coul 1, yot1 it ·k. Thi:nk а 01.11 rwllie • tl1e IVf'(1lhf.r, liw le-:tw.rrrsmad of: Jhмl!J а
lOWn/r:oom ii 1 /1ere IЩI 11,т {t! layi.n . Tl1c11 CЩltpl Н! rne f. но� in : ml1Ron for your 19Ш:Jr,J
а \,;ra ,. onde:riпg jf ·· ·� ........................ ,,...... , .. ,, ....," ...... ,,,,... ,....
1 [ 1 ••• !ll'llllll'fll!lllll!l .. ,,1,,, •
• less 1requen use at short torm-s,
phm.sal V13rЬs or idiums
e.g. l sт, wm!ng to mquest
JnfDrтalion аlют ... fnstood ot:
d \ паt. i. "'"".."""""' .......................... likc? ,1 it ....................................... ? 1 'itюugh1 l'd dюр уои а ffne ю
, ·Do y,ou tn.mk I пееd to brjng ................................................ ,. .................. ? 88kвЬоиt ...)
•
What rening and ctмirig reшarkJ со1.1М au, rit ? • а po4i е. ,espectful one
e.g, l 1&'8S' wмdeйng it ум md ...
3, Rt-ad the Ше11е.r пnd Uilld rline the "·Grd 1 phrn е 1n Ь ]d , blc.h ,{rnstood of! lJo уоо havв ... )
m.o t'e 1>ul;it пnd r_• ·pte(!f'111 • T[1c.m, r�ь �
tmic. ir,rirag,пph w'th I\IJt!;
t'lead'ng, 1 Jo. '• 4 Tlle Ь iDDiag апd en.d: Dg,b .·1ow
• closiJ remшks • 1m1iel pl!'шs • щм1 i1ig rtmarkз aso.r,1 f.01· 1 itit · re WJШсп i111 th , 'l'(lцg 'i _1!,
,. ff)IJ(J req11imm•11l$ • fm:thcr rpre lim leщll tltie �tr: ·t �шdl re1�Jace
the inlorn1 1 nJ ph.t1 " . f m
De..ir 1 1r ar1d Mr Ja k!iiOl'l, IЬoJd "11h1 m-"п · ·nita'Ы l!im:i•
IP,ara 1 forшa 1н1!'!. fron. eacl11i. f.
(1 ha1nks _ mllllo111 1_ bank you very p11,c'h ior
your le-t er.. (21 1 a.m wr1iliin,g/ll thoui;hl l'd ,dlfop you а l щю!сgш fOJ' rшi1•ed
_ li'111e to give you th in ormatron ущ1 а ked fur, Тlumk уои for tll ' im 'lf.ttlimi,,
F"i1rь.[I , (З) :l'd Ьe.ttt=rЛ nt=ed lo 1.ell you bouL my /' i rill he rшoble lo 1Jisrr,
tг.1vel' .�rг.шg{'щ nts. l ат .irn\lt11g at Ga1w i k Лirpшt ал Mrs mes. reply
1-i.th Jt ty. М f fli ht numlж i. В/\ 451 and it l.aщls a.t
four thirty in the :1ftemoo11. (4) ft is ery :ki1rmd/,lf really D а. (1 Afiso.11 1
g;rюt af _ (Ш lu ,offer lo pidc. m LJP fn1m !.nndon, l"JUt 1 (2) Thar,:k fior asking me tп
h11\ aJ1rмd, arr.ц1g d ta take ·rh_, 1·rain · о Gardiif. our d1ool 1 s annual festi al. '1
Porll ps уоо aшl'd rneel t111e t IJ,e .statio11. 1 cuuld (3:) ,got ош· lette:r а fe\ weeks ago
ph , you wJ1et1 1 arriw. ,шd (4) l'm really snny about
_,._ Pa·r _3
(5) As f: r - · · food is (omC·f(m·ed ow aboul ootli, takil"lg so loлg tu 5) ·wliite Ьасk
- pleas� do,,'t �о lo ,шу trш.1Ьle_ Th� only lhing I dor1't to yo:u. Unfu.rtunatel , (·6) 1 can,t
eal is mu h·rooms. (G) дnywзy/.Bes'id!es, J am kшklng ,001r111e to Н '11 fonJ o!'I ih t оо .
::i'

WГ¼'ard [о trying British food.

Fin,..lly, 111 r are or,c or \11,'О thing�. 1 VtIOuld 1ike ·о
Para 4 Best wisJie. • rekphone те. ai,y fю!р.
k you, -·_ 1at i,. ih w athi!r lik,e, 11 ,д1 le.s in 1-\ugu r1
Hm c-obl i il? Do 'у'Ш.1 lliiпk I need to bring \№lim, t1gl'fX•t �и ·се. , r/1 • prqN11111iwi,s
cloth � Also, (7) 1 wa:s: wonderгing; if yau h.1,clJ/do yo't11 dm1 't l e:sitюe
have а ,ompurer Ныt I ould us - \Wlile 11 :аш sla •lng
with you, or sJ,ot,ld I brin my lapt,op� Please ') feel ·ftee tu 8) girv
11'1 ar. rгi ng i' · оо n. 1К1 (!!JIJ а. hand
1

� Тhank )l'OU о 11gi1in for your !etter. 1 ат lookir1 Pam5

- v id, (10) getting, lhing$, ri- ady
fшward lo rn�Ling yau in Jul ·.
fOir 1.he: s.pe ·ial da .. 1 1 1,п ure Lhat
1

(8 , Ве- t wi 116 / llo, е • ,nd :kii - es 1 111 f.� tivm � ill Ье 11) brirШant.
Jvl iэ Bvifo11,r 12:) 1'1 ту lo\1C·r
Jul'a B11.1il.oni Karen mith
 Unil ,4 Semi-lo1mDI [е11е1з

Re.ad the eшii-ronoal se111tи�ces Ьеlо a:nd nщkh 11.Ьеm ·ю th • 11:J .Rrвd Ь Ье iшuпgs aDd
infurmall un · i� h 11ю ·thвt. folllo\\ ,11 iп the ,exnmple. 1
endin. i,f tlile thne lclt �
А.• J l;еlоит вd n1з1с111 llheш
1 v �111 good or u 10 1"1' ni 1:8.)' at • ur hou •
\!i,·(1 i.o 11Ь.е р р[ 1-3) [п part а).
8 ou.1.d. you tel/11пе wh rc ] ш1 g ·1 m \l.r.11 h rep· ir d'f
. 1 ok f021i 'ard to е i П у U 111 11 С t aroc ;>U!:. II[J Dear Мr Cr owtey,
D [ Ьоре уоо in tW iпform 'Lt n aoout bird· tcliing 11 ful. l am Ydlmg io .infomi y,au о! lhe
PI · а pl.myapolog)'. arrangeшenrs COncem.inq .,,
· нm . опу lh;)I .1 "'1! 1 Ье una le ю attend.

INFORM�L SEM t.fOAMAL ·� l look

�:nvaid ,tQ Jt,ieetfng уоп 1n
J)en.;oь du.iing щу Visiit
1 occp1i11!! an . ее ·ot1 at 111е ' / imж fi,n,'t'(J11/ lo Yours sirювrely:,
ilil ir tioл baru cue! mhig J'011 ar 1/1f
ЬаrЬ«ш:. ��
Suгanne I,eger
2 Rc'li�i п с, n f t'� � pil , Lt1a1 1 C3'11't ...... ,-,,.. ,,...,.,. ....................." ..................... .
im•ilati n оев в·11,
· t""� to. · �t
• no you
Н � J ust � q 1i11c &b
_
ou t rn,y
nn e
. nD �hз l've p1.a
trip ...
rtг-
sQ. �
... � уо 1
. ,е а moпln or
unti1 �en, ·t.1:1 е сзr�.

Р!�.ш.е ·а. )'ОП 'j] fmgi }1 tM ЬеЭ<,

fll(I:, suza (14!:

�У Mr !t1Ц13�,

·kiпg ror D you 1ш rwwl re I сап 1,#l(Ws&f 1 �rNW мik; аНсJ ы, 'fV:
infi пi1..tli п gel ш · c1Lcl1 re,pшJet1'. �wl"l!МJ � r'- '"
6 Gi\•i:ng
iцfo naaйan
Ьird-v;'Вtchi1щ.

1 6 n) · f'II.II are ,:о n.� 1/ti 'Loпdo.n n�il. mo:ntl11 n:ml mш: t wtnlte 3 letter
,е plпiir1J1Ji:n ,'DDr pila.n , , о ih. р 0 рЖе yo1J ar, '"т itiцg to cal!/J
н
1
,1rr:;J1t1 • 10 m •t �,оо. \,fh. · t ort · ,t. r iiifomral · mi{omшl
0

fl
,nr .rшaf) 't\'l'lul ci ои ,il 8 � tl1, nf tlitt, е ре р1 ?

J А DLI ·i11 · ·m;ю yut .ha,re 11�ver n1e[: ...........................

А rri nd )' u Jt v kno\\'П for v rзJ �а ........................... .
fm11Ji)' Гn ·11 I \ 1tu уа IГ f; lhi::r \WJ11 '. U LU • ;t: ....................,...,

36
 1Unl14 Sernl-f armol �el!irs

7' а Кспd the rub,ric апd, 11l!nde.rli.n lhe key \\'onls� Lh1ш uпsw� the
1 • 1
•(J,d �1[1)11 •

Y'ou have just rewmed rom Britatn, where you attende-d lesson-в at Xpf 10U
а a.nguage school. The school tiad aпanged for yo-1J to &tay w· h а А au 1t1e, нifr , , 1 d i
local couple you 11ad not met betor,e your \lisil; Write а tetter to this,
coup е, 'lhaлking 1hen11or their kindness to yo1J during yo1 Jr si:a.y. В, Ьeinu so kind. [О m
' 11, kiпd11 � � y,ou di pl, ed
М \'i '1 ", r,;njt ••1Ы _ ,1\ 1im
J buL
В, ]t wa." lJJ onder tll ехр.с ric11 х:.
\\ 1lich
1

' [ reall l1;нl ,1 gre,1·1 [i11:1e, • о

4 тm ·t•r' 1 .. '11 alv.•ii· remember.
S(st wishes, .!В , ·оп t for,g t in I hur[jl !
(fwll name) .. ha 1 1, • 11:1 uн1эlе аа t
rea1 П1 m iorias of lhe. e-xperienoo.
oear f riend 5 веn c;1r1d мJ
D
d 1\'ltich о tlille pbraseca
tots of f ove, ·e11tco:c Ь l.m,, ,шu]d h •
f /rst I ameJ 1uitabl'e ,а , tl iu 'N1:ш11r-'· 1
'Jkk 1,,' ,
'Ь R,e;; d Н е JJr pt . пd , xpa:n:d thm11 in 1 ruiu nlenr • Тhеп, IZ] . Thank.y u а ш
fi r aU1ou.r
r
1ш·-(сl11 1lh illl, 110 tli lop,ic еп. 1ш: ; 1, Г tbe mnin lwd}' f,1,11�·,gп,1,b • kiпdпe·
lh•ait :rollв\
О 18 \V 11. ll1at'. all n-1�1 пе� r..
m.. room / Ьс / VCi)r с mf. rtaЫ . , С\ 1")1 nieal I Ье ' dclki us О .
p-dre1н · ·end 1heir re щ·d.
and k m . to � 11 you t11a[ •••
�___. В , hв[ / L1 1р / 01 111ost / Ьс. / luшi:e / prnc1° с Eng1i Ь / ' u I eVCИJ' ,dя.
Оо Mum. and D•ad а "Hi". .
�·ouJшake1н lfeellik. /[/1 1a11/of/ '1111'lr о ll · !]]е, а.у, wb; don't you ome
arid ta witl1 u., !1er J
'-----'
m I I пе er / 1 hi n k. J J / Ье аЫ / реа k / &w_gl · ·11 / 11 ••• уо11 v Ш E)k1i'a) • Ье ·welooni
u 1 [Гуоu, ·ould tik to,rj, it m
_ IIПIJY,
О . r, ·ou!d rm·t? 10 h_ r from you
"ppr 'tШte а.11 • · 11r fforts that mad. \\1 Ьепеvе r you па ,е time to

1m, 1 }' in your lюш а l1ap11,1 п-. \'1 it

Рат 3 - М • lrip l(.1 Bri·!am 1�ш с rl· nJJ imprI>vecl my
Engl · h, too.
О И Df р rпа a lin .onietime , or1 1 t
you1

с) .1100 е 11.11. 11�0. r . lllitable 11Ъrn 1 1 '2on1p!i::l.re Lfle pп.ugr1ph

1
8 Read tbe mbri, in, ·:t. ag·1in.
Ьеl.Ф • Whti Ь para rapb Ф[ 1Ь Jett11· i tb • ? Pt.i·te }1 DU1r lert1t1·r 120· 8(1
01rd1 u in 1.11r n ' r-
r am \\rritin to 1iel1I �ou 1.!шt Т ha arri\'Cd Ьош . ;JJf, 1 , a.nd Lo frs111m Е, , 7 �1 ;11 lp J'u11. оп ·-11
ПJ .А .. for, 2 , ........ durin ш taj' '\.\'i1h.ro1.1. (3) ........ J (4 ,....... u th:e J�tJ. r in Е . 3 а а.
m.odt.il.
 Tro1 n1so1ctio1n10111 111e111er:s
1 Look ,;.}i the ud en!i. eme11.t ,on J1e rlght �Qdi ('8е I ole , belo ..-, Li. t,e·11 to tlhe
а1 -sclrc UJod ticlk. tbe :poim, in. lhe mot (. �к
whii. h Ьа.,'с Ьсс:п :includcd io t:Ьс
]eHe-r.

[![] udvcrt in' 1V�e.r Тiте. , April

[![] пт тщ:h infu.rmatirm i1.1 tld� rt @[] ta aJ t:IJ, l - lu111.' m'u h.·?
11' [ЕО dмrg 1шr day, .е,· ptl' ac1.i'11l1-,?
� hikif • blre ог bri11g 11( [ID a.ocoнim,иdal,1,on aмiltibl'e?
11О
OHID:

о, ·д1ю�iпg qwmlified i:r, lm or '! 1. 1 -а;у lu hrн,k ·

ш:J blkiпg • 111.l,u. ,? ,_ itl, а guide? R�I,_
[I[J «R- ()ll1·er ,a,ct·Mti ·· ojfer«I? 1][] •·1i-tq;,, or,pfu»1 nю • 01 J-313'-9480

Transactional letters ЭJе Je ers whicn respood ·10 w J en i fo,matюn. Тhts in о rna1ion
mav Ье in lhe ro m of aavertiseme111s, letters, i11Yita' ·ons, ooles., elc, as w� 1 as visщзJ
prompts such as maps, drawi:ngs, etc.
ТransactJorw re s can ье ot ш; уре e.g, letters ol comptaln ettm о а.ро og,y,
etters apptytпg for а jоЬ. le ers gM11g/as ·ng f� irrtorma1lon, etc:.
The siylё of w iting ,сап Ье formal, s�rnнormal or · formaJ, de · ent':ling on Who �ou
aire ;riting to,.
• 1[ is impoпant ю incl1:1de all 1he ac1Jual i11fCJrmalion given in the: ruЬrio, You rnust give - IR СО _ - at
for 1'1 nfo
111 s inJormation in fu11 sem:ences, us111g уоuг own word's as much as po.ssiЬ е.
e.g, earty .reglstration needecl? Lynмюd Outdнr Cenlre.
е) /s №ty rвglstrarlon мсвш.�у? с) Do l пввd to reglstsr ее_лу? Lynwood Kou .Ap,pleglte
Ь) WOfJ!d уои rкоттвлd thal dJ ls it �·to reg!Dr ,nrfy?
J rвgJster �·
Yoll тау rieed lo tummarise sorne informalion, or �la[n . resu s(importanae
J '\ ho ar, )IOU, ' nting [Q'
of some f�cts, bul you shouk! no·t change lhe tacls you are given.
2: Are •rou ,goi11g to u ·
coJIQquiuli langtшg�.'
2: Rcad. IIJe rubric пп.d u:nd. r,liiщ,: thi: k, у , _,�.r I
tk п iJn. \l er qJUieAiooo 1-1. id.i -. m '? • Ii ti forш� _ [f
уе why'l
You and two ot yaur friends have d'ecided 'to ren[ l:he cottage rn the ·ro[lowfngi
advertJs.ernen1. Read ·lhe adv.ertiэemen.t and the notes you made after эpeaklng1 3 WЬ.... Ш U\Ji \VriLi r1g I h
·to the owлer. lihen wme а letter ·10 а lhira friend, asklng hlmJhe to Jo[n yau and l н�г1
gмng himiher hs 1informa�on aЬout the couage and what you can do there.
4 Huv.' ',l,'rll!IW 'OU Ь е gin,
м1 �ou l1ш.er? Ch
Bedюoms� blg, 2 Ьm
· iF1J ещh
Thir.tgз - spom cмtre
to d.o
s
km \
awag, horse-,rfdin ne�
g
f� ltd • ntarut
foazf mustшn ... УQШ'$ j'ail/1frt/fi ,
Wit wЦdllfe pa,k + ·our f_111 щ1mе
Price 2200' pe,rwe ' nd' Б
, ek G.e ( lSOIOdl)
D1ur + yot)r fп
Тrwport • ust 4 cJ ь� В,
Dates ·• 15th ., 27 !t Au;шt
1avaflable
t na.me

ЭВ
 Unl15 Tronsoclionol �e�вrs

3 а) R·tad th, 1 tt r and compL ,t tbe paia рЬ p!an о j1.1 tbe

1
he�din 11,C:lo-, • 1 1'. 11 · ' l(e,1.li r 1.'Q1,r crnd 11111 llllte р ''nt in thc
n1 n · ·d: 111 • .emer t ;111,d поtе.. nd rline tl_e rnrd p1irn· е
Yi1iirJ!I refer to, thes:e pomJ ,

• р r uad friend, ю joi11 you • infom1at[on аЬош ootta..

• 1,1,1hat 1h а а o·ffer:

А info:rn1 iion tюш J ping D!ar кеlеп,

ас �[ нН ноw are уои? 1' 1111 sDr.ry 1 �averi' t wr itteil f or uges. bllt l've
В, oooking ( Шti ! Ьее11 really lmsy. A11y,vay, l'm wrjting r10Y\f to let уои know Ut�t
� Clcii ,. Jan ar1d I h·ave aecidt:GI to, rerit а cottage it1 . Do set f ,om
:i 1Яh to 21st AUQыst and we'd lwe 1t if уо� a1u!d joi11 мs.
, asked tne ov,; all a[?oot the cottage �rid t St,�пgs gre�t
тJ:re cmtoge has only got two Ьtdrooms. ;о wt J have to hort,
П

but п1е rooms or,e Ыq with· nv� beos in tach. Jhert s aJJO о
lrAr�e garaen. 1rs 011ly (200 � ю�k - thar� f50 ooch. if уоо
jйin t4S. Jtt l)l[ht words; rs
а recir �argoin
,... rhere are lots о ·tl 111gs t,o do in Ute � еа. We c1.1n ga попе­
ао in itation or vou·r m ш;I ·10 ! riding, and thm�·s а sports cer1 re �,ot far r:way. тhere is arso
jlJin u ro а mark,et, а loc:QI mU)CUl'f1 arid а wiltШf е park. Thf' owrtr ау�
tl ' t lcpli л rюпtber о[ the t'herr are f our Ы�еs at t�e cottaвt w'kfc:11 we c,tin �se, too, whlch
01\'П f me-al'ls we ran gi!t around easily.
J t!J" dlaю;. you int. ш1 10 go l.ne , 1 rei:ilry hope уои decide- t.o j{lir,1 uJ. rt wa1.1jd Ье .sutn 1.11 ro f
go on tialidщi og�til er, and tl r wea '1er wШ р ooobly ,Ь� gом
r)rnpl , Lhe 11t.1ю • з · n Lh r
at thut time of he y,ear. so m s�re we· /j all t ave а great time.
xampl. Fot
WelJ, tht.il::'s aJ! OON. Pl!!ase i.vrite ana Jet П1i kt1ow 115 .soon ,С/�
] Тh � afr! oo�r tк·о L· d'юот
111'11' •...
о · ,ij
u
[ ушvе d�cid'ed мю y,o�·re gomg �о do. тake ,�re.
LOts of love,
pu t t\YO Ьеd i 111 еш.:h, S!le
,@ lia 1.0. harc
" I/J'<шjoiл l , i{ · �Ot�d1. 1 h/ 11
f ••••
А hargaini Pars 1: Open n:g remarks/reasonis) юr wriUng
В fortun"
Раrд 2:
3 Т/Jere att four blke т tlie ctmage
• blclz т rm.� rlml we ('tm � ... -g
ш Pata З:
·_i;,ul i:Jю spcrts ceпtr� 111•
В g 1. ш:оuшl ·�, ·iJy СЕ Рвtв 4:
.4 l,t1• сш1 rrm 1/rf! rQllagr frrщ1 1 1h
t
(iJ _ / I li !и l. О .tlll!J'� ''> nn t t.e.d
FJnaJi Рат: Olosing riemmks
to •• 11)) afшlll ....
th - '\\'eil '1 r
В, tl1 touri ' ·
\ tшt opcning, ;)11d fosin r n1ark. Ь, 1 Replare lh topjr . rit осе io tbe 101 iJ11 llюdy para�apf:i .. wiitti
' ·�')Uld �,· u �·ri ·. oLber а.ррпарсlо с on

39 1
 io re u�s1 rпrormatian1 11400 азn use dlrec[ ar lndi�ec[ 1ciuesUons_
Direct ques1ia111s are quilБ oommon in 111formal lelitors and оftвл bвgin
wilh а quet1ion word sucn as what1 who, ,vhen, lюw, е!с.
e.g. t!me �I r:пв pslt'f tlnish? Ноw 1s rhe hol.tl from ию ЬвасМ
Mos lndlrec! questlonэ are 1oгmed will'1 mod'ils such as coufd, woufd. etc
and ar,e nопт ly used in semi-lormaJ о · rormal re ers_
- e.g_ lм:ш/d Ьвgт1в!UJ ltyoo cюuldm/J тв whmlimв lhвpвmjwJJl tfnl.sh-
- уои pfoosв 1вt mв мо Ьаw farthв hotвl iэ tmm lhв ЬвасЮ
Vou USEI tff lпe1her i ,ш i d1rec:t ques ·on whem lhere is rш quoolJon word
in ·1he d'irecl queslion.
e.g. Df rect qu'*tlo : Do wв пвво ю ыtng our own food?
111· iJ,ec ques ion: 1 . ·· ufd li1m to fmoW tf.�mh1111 we . d to Mng aur
ownflIOd.

4 IR wd 'h qu J Lic п oofO\t' nd i.a I L1tlh r

1

�ь J' ar11e dlir, t (D) 1r jod're i " Then

rewdtr th m , · i·п tb e.xnmp!� •
1� 1;1111 iш гс_ t•d in frndi.na, out if tl1ere 5) msrtne ь,J1;ilQф" Ьо е?
\'i'ill Ье а k:i i 111struc1.or = I
WJI t1wi Ье о sJd fnsltшwrl No m.att.er wha. . t. YQ\J wanl _to _read,
FULLS'FOP .ВООКS,ИОР
2 D<J r 11 • • 1 t11 r,1, tцllep sit.. = D will lmd it Jor yout
l wo rld li!« to know if l need 10 рау а
dqюsit
'• Ш SСНЩ IЮОКS 1NS оск
,. HUGE ,SELECTION OF
FOREIGN LANGUAGE ВООКS
� 6) f artu�7

.МIDDtnON Lпаш.01 СЕN"ТП

• fuнщsiye C,QUЩ.Щi;
4 1, · uld lik 1. k11 w wh ri,er ther are: ny l'-a.ciliti for }roirng cblldren. Leam Jtaliar! i1:1 three monthз
• 20 homs per "eek
- What ·Lim do-e , 111. pla ш,:�М ; SmaЦ щ;Q\ID§, or prtvate 1.e.ssons

Э,)�
1!1111111111'111 ! • • • ! 11 . .,.,.,""••••••11"'"""' ',, . _..,, .. r.,.,., ., •.,.,•••••••• � � · • · • ••r•
••••••••••••• ''"" 111, • •,,,, ••••••••••••••,.,.,,,,,, • ,

1
GIМNAS cs Со: mtm!ONI
, Joolie SpodS Ce-ntm
8 1 29th .�pril

-----
- 'l\cliem still availah1e
9 nv.• w'l1 '· tli n. ·.· .re. r ·tr iri • 1a1io11 i ? �� Ю) oow rttJC.f{t''
9) momlng m-
4!0 10 ] the oost о( e(JU.ipme:.nt inclш:led io tlic pric�.
а�
 UmH 5 trm ns� cliorn пl ��1'1ers

J 1 ,vrш[d <1ppr�1;1<111Le it if · uu. uld l.et m �110 exш:-tl ' h \\1 mu h Lh 7

Vou аге organl ng ал end-o1-

O:iнld н 1 1 mc kш1\\1 rh �ш�t ,da'tc · о( · llf ours •·. tem, раиtу а you sct1oo and
have а.1г,еаdу made some
Could you pl t.cll ю Ьо\\1 m n. hour pL:-r d у ' , \vilJ. ha arrangeme11ts. Read tt,e notes
you have аdв 1or а ener to
your head ·teacher, Mrs Wn,te.
Tl1en y1rJte your Ien,e , u.sJng all
:1 \\'Oul.d Ji1ke 1 , kn ,- i Ehe сщпр Liti.on ,1ke. pl:0; е in tl1.r; morпing. r ·1he information g1ven.
afiemoon.
I' uld ь �пl ul ir yuu, ooubl tel11111: liow m\1 �. tlle !t -k !S 00 '[,
party-
[ am in.1erested iп tlnding oi I h.e1her •ou ht1 1 е iШ)' Portugu Ьоо · . 1, :" .,� ..-IJ ,t.}·1 •
[ ""'ould 11ppr�i" i if Jou c."<.,uld I t ·me knO''' е t11· ho • пшnу 1 �г8!юШ:
. шd ni. tlt[);re эrс in а h mur .
. с� iю,,�J
.{ & 5th-furm!.)
6 Luok 11 . 111 rullu, i'iog. ad ..·�rti rm а11 ,г [ljd ,vr.itc , ,J orl ,t11u • tiu111 •
1

)
oihoo 11. tbe шiderl,imetШ \\то.11d' fpbm.se I з iп. tlle l:'X[IШ!PWe.

дЕо �r аЬ{J .
- совt of c:ktt�
Оо you .. - �tmi-? 1
e·n.ior wo·rk ng wl1h chlldren? 1 rrn.· .:r.
rr,,ilCn
__.-- .О,
• want ·to work.. a�roadi? .,.,..-- ((JllJIJrir ?
1

tlannle roun1d ·��е, · orld _,
ls an lntematron · аgепсу еэ1 .ыr/.d •
f11119tI0, We зrе ·.
loaking or1ouдgL1щg
who 1щjoV warking ·th eh lfroo. 3
R gular WO'fking l!lours. /
L.'! 8!(ЩJIЩJS а woo:k lmв.
Succmrul caлdid t�s · 11 tie _...
4 � · · · .......
::::::::::.::::::::::::::
.. ................... .
........................ .
, ........................ .
" ................ ·' ?
· ,. · · · ······� ·
1 001.1 l1 cl uш lert r:
gi · е, infornшtion 1
k. i r inform ,tion.
2
3
4
5 osi 1,1 reшark.

-
-ov1 ided with1 sulla"b е a(eommoda · on.

--------------�
..........
Gem:rous sala1Y nd ь efils..

fhl!JS wrl� lo
Ь) Write ев11 1'1
п.оtе iv,en.
_ о ing Llte

Мrs -.tNюк 11 1. А, rf$fler ll(f., J:Ofl)fll'Q, Ont� C81l8da or . . p/ai:4!kh.u #jт ·1 'h fJfl" • . :л /) hrlli
7

teJвphanв ,&11(J-Sl68fJ lot lutllш fnюtmarfDn. ••���·• • • •,. •, м �мм••••

'1t'
h1 l}tt s lrool l1all ш1 • arшrlay 1. t luly
fro , ;рт ro J 1pm.

Ь · е ,ur· llort que • оп to writ · -;uj Ые · .nie1 се · ,11 eque ili11,

-В Rend 01 r11brk iп -� 7 �in.
i1 furn111011it111•. \: ['Шtс y,onr lctt'er 120-180
,,nrd. ing :oura1 · __-, .ro!m,
-· 1 I i 'IJUlt/ lik tn hlщ1• i ·J1i /J omrlтit• 1 m,gfrl Ье l!..tpecfed J/1 �\'l т i11_ · 7 to bel,p y.ou. ou. n ·u е
or C011ld v11 [Х� ttJJ mt 1vblr/1 шmlfif'.1 ,л• opeml • in? th. lc:ttcr ia Е. , 3, о о n.1od1;J.
41
 t , Luuk а1 tllie pl1!!)to
tlн2111 li tеп1 to lihe са ette a111d mabeJ die ,ebil:drt11. ,ith
thci r 11111 mt - Mart i111 , · ,� a11d 1 •; .
11) 1J tem to LI� caS:! e,1:l!e agaiin a:nd ша :cl1 1U1e per o:nal qual.id.i:i. m tl е
cl!Jiiildпn' . пnm.• · •. \! rIJte .1 f0r art'm) R (fur R1п•i) u.пd . (for · е:х).
iin,Ql 1)1. u е v«шr ап 'e'l"S O'Пfl tl е pl1.111rng-rop:1, ro (k'!нi ,еа h 1persli n.
а

О s
о
11. naught 3 funny
2 clc r О � q1:1iet 6 юrt:y

А descr1ptive essay about а persorn should oonsls1: ol;

а) ап lnt,oauct1on, i11 wtrich you give generrn mfomшlion a!юut llle 1pereon, saying
whr,:щ whe,m апd how you нst met th111щ
Ь) а maln Ьсюу in wtiich you desoribe their physm appearance, pвrsoool quaШies
and hobЫesli ntere5ts. YIJ'IJ ыалt а шiw pamgmph far each lopic;
с) а co:ncJuslon i11 whJo you Wf1 е yoor COfЩ11(1fl1s а11 ог 1r1g::;. a_boot U,e perw11. ·1 ................ 3 ...
When desarlb 'flg someone you know well ог see· often (1. е. а frien.d а neigJ1Ь.oщ
etcl, you sfшuld use presenL tenses.. When desoriblng sameo е who rв .о longer
alive, or someone you knew а long time ago ашl you do rюt see, any more, you
shrшld use pasi terises.
Descnp ions or peo,pre ,сап Ье ro.und 111 artides, retters, narratives, eLc, 1ihe vвiting lntro· ud
••••• on • • •
• •••
style you use ,depends on he- situa1k1n алd the i- tended reed'er. For emmple, if you
are wrili ,g an a.r rcle ror а magвzin.e, you should use sernJ.formal slyje ancl а po1ite, P'orogroph1 1
rвspe<:rfu 1.ООе.
nшne of the person
w еп, where and how
2 Rrп.d lnl" ruЬlir :,шd 111вdcrlin. 1 h,c ke)' 1 ·о ш I Ь п· yau Лrsl mel him/her
ihe editor о your зоhоо1 magazine ha.s requ�s ed articles fQr а s.pecial issue Main1 Bad. ••••••
••••••••
aьout 1riendshlp. You have 1ьнn l1nvited to, \Yrt1e а short anicle аьоu · а tfooe
'lrtend of yours. Write your anlcite, descriЬlliQ he person's app.earance, Paragraph 2
perзorial ity and hob'Ыes/lnteres1s.
physiшl оррео апсе
1 \Vblch of tli� foll wing ,vo,uld ус.щ u •е? Tkk ./ or (т,, · (Х
(lrn::iol leotшes & (ilolhes]1
ра ,jt.ie voi :е _, с эllщ1ui;il lнпyu,1ge _, 11Ь � ,j, tion. _, Hцking 1.'0rds _
coniplc;;i , щс-nое. _ Parag ra,p h З
... Wh.at 1 ·.n es .s.hould you nшiлl. we'!
1 persoлal quo ifies and
3 andwl1). jus lfiшtion sllexomp es
� а Ы torical figur
Ра rag ro,plh 4
В ti 1lm tur D yo:ur ,шrsery �r:hool te� � r
4 �n wbi h ре raoraph _ hoold уов . а •h n, wlrterc авd how �'Ou firs.t m t you.r fтie:nd? hobbles/i teresl.s

.....
Со c:lu,····�
an .....
·• Шп \Vhicl1 pa.rng:raph honld 'OIJ inclшle. �· ш mmeпt and/or fi ling · аЬш.1 t у ur
fтitnd?
6 � h i. 11; of Eh followi 11 :m.a in t pi ,шш you in lud: • 1i k r/ .

о
1

А d 1ail. аlюш Ы 1, r. hool tin1 1 1, le О D u.alifi tion.

8 phy ica1 • рр а,. n - lorh . hnbЬi i11t r 1 о commenrs & feelfngs
oboul the person
· d r ,il аЬ ut · ur ,ri 1\cl. hou. :F р r n-lit)' D
42
 Unl� 6 Desc1IЫng Peopile

3 u е 1!'hc 1юi'n1 ' ,bcLo\,, 1l 1 t.1 1;11,1mp! •t , tfp t Ь,lе, th, -111 wu kc nttnc:e ·
aboUJr i•our fal!l1 il� r'lfleшlэ •• Whe11 you desor11ьe s.omeone's
ftшttШic .stfl. of 111шю�t . аШиg, paimin , gm,t-i'-kюkir1fl, imma!un, physical appea1ra1nc,e you starl
1i'th the gene·ral fe u es (i.e.
, l"eat · ·щ af iyl , :uJ 1,1 rl/1ii1W, {щlg1)in , (,/i, ,rki,,. ш!у tlark lшir, heigh1 Ь111Псl, age) and rnove ол
са tml ciorlz. • frfer1dly, �vm:r lrair, pal ,omplexio11, nt i � la'J1, о the more specil1c oi:,1e,s, such
poimed nose, .uiould1:.•r-le11.gil1 /1air, fail lim, of med/11111 lu,.'i"Jti, as 11alr, eyes, nose, ею. You сап
т rou., р 1mla . kii1ig. lйssy, ilmc:ri , plump,, mfti1j also a.dd а de.scriptJo,n о the
clolhes thiэ persoo li1«1s to wear.
,в;g, tsшa ls а ,tгJt sJJm woman ln
· her в rly twвn-tlвs. Shв, hа,г
..,._, got ,юd hair, greвn' вуоо ar1d
g;
•=, !:!;о fr,eck:le8. Sht1 u>5иal,V wears
,....,
pcrsonal qua1 iti smвlt $1.fits..
;!!:; =21 When you describe .some1;111e's.
j: pel'sonal quialШes you s oul,d

t
.,.,. supporl yaur descrip,llon, wllh
l1oob,k Ш l.t: re.
examp.les and/or justi6cations.
e..g. Wayne Js vвry ,ny. For
. ,g. Му rn01ht1 J:DJ iJ.ftml,шi_c шш of'IJшn'OШ'. mpi , ,r,e fiлds lt ll/lВcult
Му brorfze,· /ik oili11g а lot. ·ю, mtke 11 · 111 rн1
You ,сап also · &.scr е .s0moor1e's
'Ь · 'Rcu:d th:c rimliit ; _· r:idi 11 Ьс[ th� P,-flПI ,pll \\i:lh tbc bmdiin · IЬrJuп·., p-ersanalily 'through ltieir
1!l1еп1 rе,рТ.зrе tl f ·wplc � ent ш�е , , iflJ о' -.er a[Pprч,priaw l!ID _ m.anne f'8Jfll'iS Dy:
а) re ernng to 1ne wa.y they'
11()/)Ые fimc, vJS, 11m,rc· & ivhrn vlu:1-e/l1rJ�' т t , omme11lslfeeli11p. speak
pll}1, ical appear-am:e & lщJ.1es, penoпal qualities в.g. Нв spea·k!J ln в eQft ю1'св as
Jf,f19, WВ19 whf.spedЩJ.
Ь,) desoriЫ g ltie gestu.r,es 'lhey
1!1Se
IРа.та 1 e.g.sы, 1con,1t1мt1y utes ,.,,r
пате & 1 •/1е:, lllndl wh!/1 she �
wl1uel/1011 1 1, ,е1 ,cJ me.ntio iiilg а, partlcu�з:, ha�lt
theyhave.
e,g Ja.sor1 slw.вys bltв11 hls 111Jl1
Para.2 w/IOrl hеiзпемюs.
Nol:e: When уrш m111nt,io · s-0meone's:
negative qualil es you shoutd
usв m ild !angu.ag:e (sesms ro

""
""
-
:::,
Раrв Э,
сап lJe ra.t.hrir, вtо 1. Fo
eiamplo, instвadi of saying
Рв.111 ls lиу, it is, better о say
Раиl сап Ьв m1lret Jщ в� rlmes.

Pam4 4 Read t'l1e 11jcJe in 3Ь) �-.gпim

:н,d ci,rcle 111 е: ,, (1j cii,· _. J
ptira е , u ed 1:n ,d:t crlb
Jae,11 рЬу ical а,:рр ar осе
с: АП iп а],1, Гш glв.d ! tia,rc Jacq1.11.:. n, fri а . 1

Para 5 u.,1d persм1:-:1l'i't}', Dм · :- '<JUe

]'t. ple ш-с ю Ь \\\'i[l1 l1in1 iшcl ] r�a1l)1 е11'<. l,i, Ьа.,•е зп пeg,a.l:i. е quo1!itie ?
compan . 1 m sur wc'U аl1ы ,1 Ье close fri n.ds, 11)11-.s .h \ rrit 1r d ' ·rrilh ;, ' D.'i" (lr
JaC(J 1 11e ,. 11 ап1п rii m ••
431
 2, J ·ппу [ · а pn.:11 · 011 ь� eigJ11. )' .t • 1.1ld. ht1 .
То make yo1.1r plec:e or wriling mate q ui1,_ 1all fi. 1' r h t а , . . .................... loii шi hair. Ьi ln� 111d hщx·d
inLere.sli g, y,ou сап use з varrie1y of "d il .
ltnki111g1 words and ph ases to join
enleinces о ldeas tog т-.
в.g; Joyce has got red h r. She's go li1e
frecf<Jes.
Joyce Ь&s ,gol red hвJr f!всk/ве.
I Da.vld is а tall ma.n. н- iв ln his.
late forties. lш,"'trl,r:r, uml, al1v
David ,fs а taJI т,111 wh,o ls in hls
fгle fodiвs. -1 С iirl [., �·1;11· irнt:lligent ................. alwa • ge1. fanta. ti � щa1ik i11 all hf"
1Bridget ls ап attreюtivв wo а . �5 Не is ...................,. creatii,•c пd lik · to , 111е ·hort tori ·
S e's go shoufder-le11 ·
Br/dgel ls вп ettrгctivв wотгп
r. �ь
...................... C.1rl i. г.1th r ;1nd f,_ 'f. tш , mfnr1abl :ikir1g ii1 finпt
о а lot of реор1 .
Wlth JM�ltйf}f,

6 а Look af tbc pktш;e ndl ('W 1: tbc t"Oiтe i i'I m 11 • wn th - llmJPI· ,

si llar
De s al а11·1вs Ь: slng in
,e,dd' оп,, аlЗ'О зла, mOJi'eov,вr. etc:
. . srie iв cneen I" She �s always
smillng. She always beha:v&в
ро tely.
She is cfleвrful and' fs aJ�ys
smШng. Mo,eov•r, sht вtways
fюham: politely.
Yov can jo,in d,escrip ions о
con\ras ng quali ·es Ьу usi g Ьщ;.
on the ot·n,er h1nd, however,
nevel1tteres:.s, е1.с
e.g. Не is cleWJ and atways does well
a:t sohool. Не can Ье bossy a.t
times. Нв ls clev-вr imd alwa,ys eart· tie�r · / ешtу
doвs wвlJ' at schDal. Но uvw, htt tblrtie J latc
свл Ьв, Ьовsу 81 tiтвэ.

5 Fi Но IIЬ

1 ВоЬ i п t..ill m.tn in h' lп1

twentiec .................. ,dшk hai:r and
bro\ m е. - · Н ha · а Ь rd ..........
........... li ha. n 't Ot а rпош tach .
н 1i r-.
V.1 ari,ig je п . hirt
............................ ·trainc
 Ь, , D rriм h.r р :ор е in thc
pi l11rt, u img ,а vari _ }' tf
·1rucш- . ndl liпikiвa: \\'tl i • !

. шif lш.� dnrk l1nfr, hюит eJes cmd а � 1 ш i .............................,..................... . \\f 11ene.1;•er Ье u it u Ье briпgs
1111li flD 1!. flo w 1,;: and gift. ror thc ,c11ildr п..
.. �'L $.tl11 is н ..........
"t •••••••••••. �11111,, ... Wh fi sh g t8 ngt11 :sh. Larl
il ••• ,.i.,,h•• a.,.i •

houting nd Ь п h r ti t on th t Ы .
3 i ::ш.1 .i. ................................................. . � i 11 he ha to lt f. r а 1ytl1i·n li

7
AdJec,,r,e.s
Wan: .'t is ................................................. . One minut .lt i,Jictppy and 111
7 imr�11 n1 11 - t ·h i :ad �n 1 \\'0111'1 t �lk 10 an � nr:.
8 р pul�r
, hc rfttl 9 Rtad 1lh. ;parn�п:itэb . hclш�' пd rr:,p� oui lhc t1n·п � • "rtQ' \ ro:lid I п
HJ 1i111LILt· e�m1p е \\1 nt: i._ ,e-ad1 IJltiragr'" pl nlhnu№1 Нм ,10�,, tli ,�1·i:ler
- 00 1J jlil Li� · J am d ri:pl D',' \Ъаt
ПI f 12 , юimpl tf Ь r rш1D111erii m -·
d 11.1r llhe \1iif'itfr gi. е,
1 1

.Jusliflcations

al, а ' ' lщ · Гш1(lу pr ' nl

t[11 sп'[ Jik work111g
Ю alwa._ tel1. еор!с \ liшt to d
wезг · ышпt ·loLh
ulhtrp opf
honl
, irl 1 йп.d
� i, Cf'/ acti
Ш carc only ab\1ut \irn/h r [f 2, •••••••• ,,,,,., ...................
I0ne. r··10 · cil1 tting
J nан; \ ai[il'I or ilП thin
10\!' doin 1t1c puzzl .t .................................
No I ir1g makc. n_1· 111 l1i:tp i, 111·111
peпdiлg mu. !1 h 1ur puttiп.:. tl1e pie 6 ................................ .
·ijl ·r 1s- ,1 ,:епщv,rд 11 i mm1 who of а ·; . а� ' рш•-1Jе [( tJ}i r.
вJ.WJJ /ту 110 fami/y z,1 'SeJIIS.
 1 О Read tl1e юр1iс eo,�[ICil! ,111t11
,нit> ,11!-Jpr-opiju:l.e ьрр� lin,g
еп·1 вс а in 111- @.;iШ11р1е.
f.�. )1� 1randmo1her i' .i vеТ)' k.i11d·
hcaп�d pel'S'On.
/1е CllteS иЬ Ш е, 'l?f}'rm , .vJ1e т l ,
rшd /1е i {lf�•·lJ) rendy to help о.те­
ст •· in lroublc.
O.ur [ ае:11 r i, qui[ I\ 11d. on, .
2 1 Like Ш)' 1:i\·e-year-old co,u in but
lic са11 с vcry 11, uцhty.
3 Му fri. 11d Jш;;kie, i:s ,•ery• inti::Uig nt.
� !у n ighboi1r, Mr Gr у tak
good c,a.re of n Nilf.
• М� i ter' friend imon, IO'I
!.
adventure впd dangeron. . ports.
11 й Reacl 1tl1,• ruil ric а1 d, ш d!i:rl'ne h ke. vord.•. Tl1. w., ro· dl 111t
c,omp Юо.n, and. pu:t t:Ь ра1·а r.apb [n·t,o Lhe , orre(t Фl'dtr.
Vour leacher h'ВS asked you to wri!e а. compoMioo Cfescriblng а
person wt'IO once hejped you. Wri[e your compo&Шon, d�scribing
the persoл's app.earance, personaJ quatlties. manлerisms and
hoЬЫes�nterests.
[О ln hiir spare l.imв, R:ulh llilred ·1.о read. She lavec1 dM0G1We srories ала
crime novвls, алd she used 10 �rini me many of her favourite books to read"
1 remerлberr �he also spo'ke aboul ttie karate lessons sjhe weнt ю twic:e а
waвk.
[iI] l tirst mei R IJll'1 whelil l \Vas in haspital in М'elboume about three yea:rs
ago,. 1 vJas there оп holiday, but had t,щ:ome seriously ill. Ruth wa.-S the 1palieпl
in lhe next Ьвd. Sne no[ о 1у керt me ё:(lmралу me wtiole time I v,as 111
hospital. but also visited' me fDr many we,eks after s'he reи::overea rror n hвr
m
O\Vl1 11rne33,
Whe I elume,d to Engtandl WfJ ke,pt in юuch Ьу !etter. Тiren, abщrt ц
y1;1ar ago, Rшil gol. а new jo!J anl1 moved to another part of AustraHa. Sa:rl�
we 11�'1/е rost touch wlth 1ta.oh о�hег, l:Jut· 1 will леvвr forget hег ldndne--Ss апd
he1p.
1[[] Rн111 1ad а quiet tшt ery ·ff iendJy па.lше. Stie was g:e erous as \'iell as
ktnd�heЗirte,[I, Whsnвver sl'1e visilted mв she always brш.1,ght ·Пowers алd
cllocolates. St1e ta1koo r а lovJ votce be�ause stie was ш1tier �hy. She also
Ыushe-rl very e,asily, aш,ough she lmad а gr.вari s.0000 0Ншm1шr.
([О Rum WIS, prвlity. She was ta.11, fairfy slim апd in hег rnid-teens then.
She 11ас1 а small preny f,aoe. �vlth smiling еvез. ал� rong s:tr.aig'ht �rown hair.
She ll'lred 1.о dress casuaJly in brighl:, colcшfful o1otl1вs wt1.Jctl n1atrn1et11 ner
suпny persanallty.
 ЬI pпint it1 Lhe aJ ,,,'IЬith of tlie folu, · · · g .� р! · , rouJd nбl Ь • а · u.itahJc ·iщjocL fu ·
.rul>ri:i: Ь п indu.d d .in LI · tl ,, 11icle .'
mp "tion. 1) , bool rri Dd ,1 )'ФIJI \ 'OJ'k itJJ
,r WJ. irl t,r,11 е. Ьа с Ьеео
1u оо'! \vь�1·.· с \� 1И1 Eense h.ouJd ]'OU u ,vьJ\
d) R ad the O·.lfnwш :11 1opi •. a1111d ,d. c:id vh ich, Dn • , • 1ш ouM
i_ncJrude UIJ ' r u:r arti€:t .• Th.tD 1 , th m tФ oompl. t. · tih р(ап
belo а 1in tl1,e, · .1mple..
t '"-''J mпnn ri ·n1 dn ,., ol!l.r omnшпUre !in
· �ter ,de ribe· in tl1e • d . ription or 1h р r: оп. bou
• deятip!ion ofhis/h�r ре-1 оrщШ 1/
:1') .пdmlne f.11 ·t.opic ni.en.i.:, '•, ,. m.tnn riы:n·
and' rcpla� Lh m �itb. tl 1.'
�n,_ , Ье.Jо, •
Rulh · ,юunt р , nm w .rcadin ..
M'ain topics/points
Ruth v · !1 ge:ntle nd а· • tio.п te
п.
Ruth 'З.. q ui k аш·асй ·. r,шш:: Julia Sfe1·ens
lrtm mel: .wc ogo
12 l�ad 'iltt rubri. , nd l!.lodcrlio · 11.ih 'R' 111('/'; at 11rork
tJ t�,· w rгd ·tbm о - ,er !!le
(JU ·1·uo ',.
fiow met: l!ik 11111 i,, 11 lш с/1 break f11 rl1 сашее11

Yau ha.1Je see lhe folio'l'ti ng

acl\terliisement in уош local
newspape-r:

••••••••••11•••••••••••••••11•_.,. ..,,, ...,.,.,.,.,.,,. •• ,.,.,.,..,.� .. ....... .. ............. ,..,.� ,···• ,•r1rr•••••••••"""'""'"'''"

8iloftlfol""r111111•••••••••••••·••••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••111111,,,,,,,,.,.,,.,.,.,. ••,.., •.,,..,,..,.,.

111 ....................................................................... ...................... � .. ._. ........................ ,

....................... ,11,,; •••••••••••••••• _. ................................................ ................... ....... ...............

�••11,, .......... ,, i I i i t ....................... 1 ...t • .................... ,.,.•• ,.,•• ......

. ................. • ! ! , ..... flttlll'!!!!!!!lif!lllfl

,С,
IU"rii

-=,u
и

,=
'4 f f f ff,f,,.liilllflili8 •lf• О I t 1 1 t о •1<•888888881111•••••• • ,....., ,-,.,.,.,.,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,._ t , • ! ,.� � •rr.. •••••••••-r1 1 t ,.... t rrt �,r

11 1 1 ! 1 1 � 8 �,fff8f �!11 ili1!11t I t'f i i •t I t, 88 88••••••••• tt8 !ILIII 1 1 1 1 ., ..., •••••88•••88 888<1..& 1 1 1 •00,
, 118888818•••••••••• О О 1 1 1 1 81

Wi, your article descnblлg hl$/ ;ff,t 1,0 1 f ,,. f ••••••••••••••••_. , •, , , ......... • • •••••••••• •, •• •� � ., - " " ..............,. .,. .... � � ,., r� ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,,. .. ,.,.,.,.. �.,,,,т

her арреагЗ11се, personal

quali ie-s andfor шan,nerism,s
and, h:obbles/in erost.s. ('120 • 13 R ad ihe rul)ri · i:.1 � 1 ·1 11 in апd , iilli.ite , щi ,rt[, f
180 words) 1,rord · • е H:ic р[ао and )Jf)Ul" ,n1s\'le . fl'OШJ Е ·. ·1 · to Ь [р) ou..
 Dresc-ribr:i,nu Plocres/Bu.ilding,s
1 ett,e md 'tick tbc
iuformo'iion, meqtiщ:ied. FinuJI • IJ '1:о d cribe Ь cil ••

Nome,: ,в�1.s
D 6ve1J1�Alms
D Bcmn

дtgen na д·rr.ca о Antarcl о

c:enlre of lhe
COU:l\lf\j
о soulh'eas toost о nQdh�east c;Qщ;I

Тh1ngsto see l'tQZa de HCl!jO D Naticmot Golle D HiSIOГ\j 1'111.iSEШin,

,CJn<ldo:
COll'l&ёlrol о .spon sl'I fow&r D C.aso Ro$0C:!a

Shopplng: anllques; a1r

о t:I g ffiQlk�,I;
D superstore,

dance tюllos о c/11emas D varlelg of

rGs\0',1-JQП,1$

tiett,er 1111 lvgust rеом enel lt

D too nols�

1 А descrlp е oomposf1ian aЬoul а place ar blJ Jd ng, shou :d consisl oct:

а) a:n ln!rocluction1 li"I which you gjve lhe na:me and locafion o'I the plaoe or building
and/or lhe reason ro choasing1 •1:
Ь) а maln li!iody rп whicf1 you аеш.Ье tl1e maJn aspoota о1 u,,e, р св or bullcNng n lntroduction
• • • • •
del.шl - for exampfe, wnen you descrlbe а place you snoutd d&вcribe wnat you
can s,ee and cto tnere; when yau Clescnbe а bu lding you shauld crascribe i 'S Paragraph 1
exteriOr алd lnlafor, as well as ·give historicaJ racis alIOu rt:
с), а c-011clus:i:on whi Jncludes yeur comment ее ing,a and/Or а r«ornmendaбoin. nшne, lош ion ond/or
reoson rш с oosiлg 1t
Dacлptlans ,о· pta.ces or bu ldlngs см Ье d ln tourJS mag№nes, lravel brQchures,
stor es, le't ·ers. etc. Тhе style you us€1 dщpends o,n he, situa ion1 and ,he intended
reader. For example, iп an article ·'о з magazine y<Ji.:i shoul' • use samf-f,0 • а1 �re alld
О·
а pol е, гespectful one. You по ally use present 1enses, о des.,c;ribe а place/ Porag1rop,hs 2 - 4'
bulldlng �ou us:e 1past ten-,s-es ю \IIЛW aoou i,e, hiэlo ical aots.
1,

· oin o:specls i n delatl

IPkJ:ce: 1hings о see/do,,
shoppJng. ni Пе,
restwran .s, elc
You t,avв· эееп м ,advr ortisernent in an iri1eri nэlionэJ travel mэganne rn\/iling Bullding; istoгical 'focls.
re-adeгs 1о seri.d in articles abou а own they havв visrted. Wrile your ,alrliicle exterior. nleriorl
des.criblng а tщvn, incruding lлings Lo see алd do as w€!1! as irtrormэ,l!Jon atюut
the t,own's. shops and nigh, li е.
ll \ _ hat t}rpe о[ \\�riting i 1.Ьi '! \ 1ho i • going 1: , re;_1tl th · ·1 · r, у. u g i11g. Lu ш Finall Ра ragraplh
l:-11n�11;ig_ �� br • i:.iti 11:looll qнial pl11ra, • ? \\�, 1 (not)? commenl·s/[eelings о: dlor
·i nc:lud . Tie:k t 1). r-ecommen 'О ion

о D пt ш,111n,1 1111 О
0'
he n1Jmber oJ maln
popu · [iсш · nd lin1,11c О Е lmtri hedнl•
body parog ciphs may
vo у ере ding on lhe
С _Ьо 0 rubrk'.

•
,, ТЬе most faшous attпiction i.s ...
• here i, р1 111. ,f...
То de-roriЬe lhe loca1i:fJn or а plac-e.1 . -ldfrig,
you can use 111е faltowf ng phrnses.
- rs sftuatedfis locзted ...
- jn (!hв) soutJVeas sou h..e:ss
nмn-wes etc (о ...
on the so uth/e,зs /wes lм rth/eю
ooast of' •••
i:n t !:! cenJrщ'liea · mkldl.e 1:JI ...
,31 Leok 3/t tli • ma,� 'I hcn 1J1hr;1 ·е,
frшш tl , l;ab'le аfю ·е о la]k olю11t
the 11 ,г Li 111, ,ur еа :Ь О\ . ci11J•,,
e.g. IЗrigh,011 i · ituated оп lhe om/1-
t �j C:fIO l Jj E,,,glmul.
4, .'! lokh l'l�e , urd ,lpbr-.t · • ·п
lh · lj I to tl1e IJl!'ad"og lla1t
rollfl\\., 8:11 }t 0U add IЦJ
1 and d'алсе clubs whlctt аге ex:tremely pop1.1tar \1л111 ycunger
dI а o,f your ou1t�'
ш1,� 1111,1, hoшique, 1.1ightclub,
oncirm 1/1ratre open-ai,· market.
юо. r:ofr, Ьozaar, lemple, arr
alle, ' м. J'G.ШYml, UШ.fl ltt li.
1н.1.Jш.'е. Ь ranicul KCtrdc11 fair.
1)1'tJOln:, .fйШ' nir l1щ1, mtm11111enl,
и1111 • mнt,que ,hop. J oppi11
с 1те. mmt етет arcark, ,r1iilii­
s · 1U11 i1r.t1nш, ftшfair
' 11 iПII ' tu '· • a1nd diu:
___________
hvpp,im ;,
�·iehtlif. :
Un.i1 1' DestriЫng Plln,ces/Bu1ild1iJilg,s
. е Н1е ocalшW;lt}1 l'rum ()' ti ;1 3ind th phta · t lur.• 'to 1r I k
JJ, 1
about 1·ou:r '�Dl\'1i11 1 а, in tЬе ехашрlе.
1
h mc [ t'a�iшitiпg{li\•el / 1, The tO\\'fl ceлtre h ...
iritcre-stin �tc рщt f L�1 · ci1. i ... • Th ni g, 11111[. i11 ... i · exci'liп ,,
wiLh ....
• Т,Ь • to\'!'1:1 ·· ,1,,1 Jj-.k1юwп for i,I
,с.�. Тl1r! mosl i11teresli11g ршt of tl1e city f tl1e opm-t11r mar/№1.
Тti ,щщ fттж uJlm ·lirщ i�· ,11 lюfmrii·al gш-d 11'1.
,5 11} 1«.11d !h,1,> 11rii/ • 1:щdl lп1 Ьеl tbc p,1J1n_1grщ;,h , itll :l'b (l(lfr ct
11 ad л2 tben ea.lk lюui 'Вrl1Ыйо,
• со111't1ш1 1 jn.:coшr u.шdшio • i1,g.ht1ffe • 1hi1� 10 t.:t! ш1<I ,lo
• ттш. IOClltimi, mл..ю11 Jo:1· c/1oosi1, il • hoppi,ig
An ldeal Seaside IResorl ь1s.rr1 м№J
Para1 "1
:в Вlighl:on is а l1rge oown оп е, soolh-eas1 ooast al Е�tало.
j Lacattd ool ал haur поm Loodori, lt 1s а charmlng1 seaslde
� r�Sort' мll tле perf.ecr des • , а ron fot а, 13ea.oeri:IJ1 weekend.
iВligh 011 has sevara! trшris , anrac ons wl\ion агв worth
. ·s,tJ11g,. Among these ,s Lhe Roy Pavaion, а beauШul
lrн:!1an-slylв !)'31аса wnich was buiЦ in lhв еалу nllilereeпth
в
centurv. ghton·s most r:amous а traction rs Ule Пvetv
i
Palace �ier, h s f ar(:as ·с urfaiг a:nd amusrmвn
areades. eci oung a.nd oldl �.an ha е , un ha\re t111e
,.. amrnлg 1ье s�cl.acular ·e,w of в iQhtoo's seaifronl
: тмrе are pienty от р11с:м to go soopping in Bti!Qhlon, Th
i lown cen1re ltas а lar,ge modвrlil s'hoJI [)(] cenhiв. Тhвrв are
also namiw laлes fu I of Jo ely ш, ·,que shops u,at е aJways
tшstling wi1h \ourisLs.
The hUife rn BrцJ№n is ежсШпg. Тhere аге а lot Gf music Para 4
р ор в. fhe, а�еа ls зiso 1е1 - n!lwn cr :s rashionable
reШ.uraл s, wtlic11 оПеr а vaJ iety of inlвrJilialional oo�inвs.
Bliighl.on is а lown Uilal. has s:omefhing tt1 oller е11евуоле_
_; Раr,в,5
� W ether f(]U wa to spenll yonir ime '3fюpplng a.:nd soolng
1
w
ltle s gbls. о simply ela.'lling а d enjoyinQ the f�вsh sва a:ir,
Briahtoo is, е ideal c�oice fог aJe\ dвys эwау lrom the city.
Ь ndtrlu1 ihe i 1с en.tenic i.n. tl'i ritзi11 lюd}' pn,r..1gmpl1•.,
, u е t otber арр, pli t, t.op"i
; в1· u.
t, lt,a:d t'lie ;::t11i !е t111 So) а a.iri. ьd Ш:)tе:11 flhc adje · ii,•es in Ь 1ld ·,.,;i1h
1'11 .i:r орро ·t w
'th lii f Ьеl.о • fD, ma ,е, en'l:tDct usin tlшn,
l0<.-aJ, widr, old-fasl:iom:d. 1�
r111k,,1c,11,•11,
�шрщшlиr, J1e c 1i
6'. lюrin . �та i'.l
u il 1 Describing Pla1ces/,B:u.lldlngs

�
'7' 'th IOГid' ·in lbrackc tu j "q
dlle enttnre Ьеlо ·
/
reade а mо".м. JJ?"<• о!�· plaooJoo d'1Q уоо""' o-iьlng,
you can ге ег о lhe sens.es Q.e. s1g t, heaмg, smel!, taste а. o uch). . 1 )'WJ · � large and rnteli ling city.
. . Jt offш. vi�itors в i.vidc wrict of
VIЭI ors t.:in dl w tcht111g the moon '1icSe QVe he moor1ta1n5. (з1ghl
You сал t'tear the sound ot' ch:urch 1Ьeilt1 ltit11gtng.t1wзring) r ·. bls lo se апd tI1ings !о d . 'lticlt
1 rememw the F"e;.r 1Eas1 wiU'I itз aromas о1 uo�c llerts mю SJJ)im. ,(smв 1)
2 lt i ft1ll с( c:w1ic rest,uirшw. У 1
1Е ja.y а rop of ,r,esh' ty--g,ound ltallafil1 соИее. �aste)
Re'ln in the sootl:llrig wa,11m wah!rs of lhe �аmм IВathS. (louthj can enjoy а mcal {he:r , , ·ш-�
3 �,dнс, · is on 1l1e �·.(щtli�3$1 со� i of
i\11- li; liз. 11 lia , on of Lh lш. ie '
6 " J ·Jd.1 llЬe p:du_ . { • �о 111 ·e.nten.: 1 3 ' 011,1,н,r th - pi Jit_ -. hru:Ьl1Ui i:п LЬе с LШtry, 1 1 j 1нtd
i:s 111ot dcscliЬcd. \'lfiiclJ. еш;с d s caclJ dc.s�riptioп rercr tD?
4, • уdпсу i .· • n i.ООЗ:1 p1m for а holiday.
lt ha а \\ 11d'erful Ыcnd of cu1Lur
П{I frier1dly роор!с. ("�tli)

В а) 'FШ m
о. bJв.n.ks , ·iOJ (Ь
c:omi;:t __ · t€ti"e ·,

tlel.icious, fdt ! ndb• sout/1. li1 · •;

rropical. {ат а

h, No, ,11ak •. ntmces }ю'll]t 'tl1.e pi. t111·t ·J1im 11 n lюen destrl ed.

·· · sтяucw ES •· J11i11 us in RiQ in 1J, . . ·-·--····· --····-·---·--· .•

- e.asl Brnlil,
orl senient:e$ уои t:ап use varюl.f.S Jir.ilcing slnrc=lu1e.s. Sludy lhe
• No IAsi to R $; oompre1e wilhPШ а
eempfe'S betow. саЬlе см r:ldв цр S1Jgat LooJ MOIXll:ain1
You ahould ws1t 1he oJd pwt o1r ile cily. lt fш о1 an�ent tempres. • Why по e.ke the trз n up lihe
У,ои $houfd V1SII � ofd рт о/ thвспу, wh1eJt fs tиfl .i,anclвm temples. Corvooadr:J ro. ,see lhe .2) -·.·-.._... , _____ , -·---
Young cti rdren wJ I enJov the 1 � funJalr. Тhву cu ga ал P:olttngi rtdвs stalue: Oriw; Reder, :or"?
m,d, eatmsty о� tnere, • Don'tmlss !he Вotaruc:aJ Ga:r :ens, wh
YOOi:W chNdМII wш еп}Оу fhe locaf flmf8lr, whи ,/hву см go оп ,вxc1l/ng
edmost 5,000 sp0ciзs о1 З) ...................
rldes ,Md 1Ш ШО, l:O!feнpplп. • ...,...,......... pl,111,is and 1fee5.
Charlle 1 t LoЬ.Ster Hou&e ls or1e of tпе most popular r,estauranls ln пе
• наvе (!' ner а! а" 1raailiona rеэt&лнаm
area. lt 'haS, rceous loЬsfвr Cllsl'les. ... d
3Пu... !i/y ' elJo.1 З I L S 4'1 ................. L
t.•
11
'WIOt tts ,dвJlclous tmюtвr dюhвs, Gh81lfe�8 L!JЬmer HOU88 IS опв ,of the,
most populat юташапts in lhs ата. • Go to amLJSital D- а 5) зhcrw,
w ••••• �, ...... .

,1-1anega Arrpo/iil r:s, 011 the eu� ,соазt or U!ie lsrand. lt iз one of the most • Lвam 10 darr.ce fha Вrazi11Ш1 �ц!i' at
modem "'"""'иm.\л lhe ооuПЬу. . . .
оое or Rio's -sa111ba hall!.
�u1tti;'thв вв;t cout· of the lslamt, Яапеgа Airport fs orr о1 rhв • Aio nu .зomeltl ng to offer e'lleryone.
os: modem afrpoJtв ln fhe coшrt,y. and· lhei peopte .a.re. rea: ly 6) ....-.......... .
 Dn111 .D1esc11Ыn1D Ploces/lulldlmos

Ь · К ud the rubri · od und di !! · tb.: �, ,. 1rd th .n : 1:i · �,er C'he Ь Rc.ad t:Ь,е: topit se1i11!1 п. с
q,u ,t.io!II•• il1e.n u· е 11111� inr, ntta1·ш11 in
dle tah @ tfl - ite appropri ,tf
1

An inlernatlonaJ tl'avel magazine is running а compel�Uoл and has

ask:ed ts readers to submJt dезсrtрПом or places worlh vis:rttng. pportiu en Clitte .
Write your artlcle for lhe aom.petitlon, descrlbing а plaoe and
including ·lhrn9,s lo s.ee a.nd do as ihe:11 а.з [nformatio.n aboot nl.g,htlJfe
ere.

• i11..,;,.c а· 1:ry ·f rmal, im rsonal . (. !,е'? v.r11 n ,1)?

\Yhat ie h uld )' u u ',
\Vhicn ur too ]Юiпl in part а) 'WIЛ!I i )' }U inclu • iв Llie :/ill fl I dy or 'IILI!' .3
0

arri 'l
Re�d l11e phra es oo&ow. \ l1i h sen · d е.1 h ru[er tu? \Vhi h r lh ··
ooul l 1 1.Н • i1 { ur d .npt[ п?
li thc: .ot o,.r f· h n� ' thc nroma of ·rrc Ь offi
•
1

• th lazing h or ihc uп • cl�Ьlu� ky

When you wril.e aoout а bullding, L е
• people ta 1 1 king • oold IO!lC Oflr.. mafn lbody of the ess.ay stюu1d include:
• spicy l'ood • · вюw-00\1 red mou:ntain • а. paragraph on 111111.orica'II racts
abOul ttl-e bu !d"n,g (whentwt,y 1
r е :Ь iofonnu i в ·о • 80) 1111d у ur ПS\iVП: i11111 ti,x. 8Щ.) t,Q was Ьuitt, elc) us пg pas:t teпses;
1 11clp you i1w �1oor arti1Cife аЬщ1t Rlo, de J,anel110 J_,.IMSO ,шn:1 j. а sep-arale p-aragrraph an н,е
··е tfic пrticf c in .!Е1 5 ) м а mo-ull. exterlor (wtн1t it ls mad,e or,
appeara се, grou ds/gardens,
�tc) us· g presen teiis,e,.s: al"'ld
91 а Look st, fhe t Ь:lе 1 а paragra.ph оп е ln1terlor
colirCt 1iofomш,1iou. \rooms. ·rurnll re, �ic ureз, el:CJ
u;si11g pre-.senl tenses,
То give 1зс u.at and(or historюal
D informalion a.bo1.JL lhe exlerior a.nd
iriterior of а Ьuildf g you Ci!.n аlэо use·
O(Jlsld& 11..0noon D the рв.зs е or prepositiiona:I pllrases­

t:iu in 'е IIМ - n111,1n,11
о�сн nome s.inoe 1850
та · е Of rncrr�\e
6ffit1II wtrюows
О b11llt ln llile 8th Цililluщ
О offlC:ICII hom. s l"lil; 5201
О mm:lё of iroo
О la,ge ...,lndo'ti'S
о
fe,g, аа ar-ound' 10 lhe lеП 1 etc}.
e.g. 1hв рв1все 18 sumwnded Ьу Ьlg,h
о �
ro the Qf'/м епmсв UienJ iэ
о ;matblвswue.

huge Ьcili;gn1,1 О шшо,-. Ьakon� D

g,a вn llh роо( О ,gor,avn wllh la'ke D
IDO rooms, О МО moms
red carpcts О red aelUngs
prf«t&ss �hot0groi, ,s 1Р oelesэ ра mrrщs
 - 1 е crlblng Ploc.es/Bu1lldings

10 о I R t1d (m.c rub.ri and u·ndcrn1ine ilie ,kiy \\'l'lrd. 1f.lten an.!i ,·1н· н-
1

'11 а I AI] i11 Clle lb хе ,�·i 'h word

�ш.� tiо.п . p'h_r,·1 ,-!!! f11om t,elo,, •
You are а reporter for ал nt,ernetional travel magazlne. Тhе magazine
is puЫistiing а series of ai'lлcles aboul castles. Wriie an al1icle· ,'et.'1 b1ick мlls Шеd jloor,, йlou1ft1i n.1g,
descriЫпg а famous caslle, rпcl uding ils history апd а descriptlon of well-kqx arde1F. ta1' cliimnf)' , srnirraщ
bal.h Lhe exlerlor and inLerior_ .
l'JQ,Qk J,r.Jv, •ч, '"nщJш1 ·c,ffet! шы ш,1�
1 \\111 will rea,d · i,r (!!Fticle'? роиd, li11gp l dшioi s lentl1e.r sofa т11шшl
lam/Jj' flmv r - d. /11ll iJf Ьcnыifi1l fla�
Look 1 1�е pi нrrc i11 part Ь .. \ �1i h af tl1 "' follo�. ing 1.1 (шld. уоо usc· to
,nйdl!m pllj'mi11
de; ribe th irit ri 'r/e1-.1eri :r f а са 1 ?
• . \1,;•i1111111irrio р ol • . trine llrн .r. • ·rl1i k агр t.
EXiliERГA!IR
8 LalJ [О\ • Пi • mod rп paiпti ng • , оо n fшnitu гс
• tbl . 1011:i.:. wnll. • .mall atti • nеоп li l1t
• maH , i11 lo\ · • glt el,e1;•..1tor • hнgc bal on ics

Ь) 'Read t'h 1111° с,]е a111d ршt. tbe 1Ь in br ekfts 'in о tlie ooinc; ,
·tm ,, tli'нш ' � "'hi h ,-еrЬ �гс n t� · мd ,vЬiс:Ь nre pit! �!! i' 1,e.
:1. 1 111111]{·1�-

втn Cas: е is one от tne, mt>St legendary rмdlevat IIЩRIOП

сашеs in - rope. 111 / (s!ш11е,) nlgn
1 ............. .... ...........

aixwe loo· rl1fest in 1Ье carµзtJiiian nюun ains in Aomania.

B�n CasLre 2) ................................... (buEl'd) ln
1212, and ,t :,,as wJ ere lhe· rainous Pi rfnce VJ;,d Tepes
опсе 311 .............................. ,tlive). � prmce and his
majes!ic home тr,е the 1п.spi a�on ror Вtam Stoker's
Dra�fa.
The C!!.$\fe is c,ena1 ly 1ш amazing sigl t wilJri 11.s
Ь'reвthtaIO g vfew over the counl�de elov,. lt has
1a1r tcW&rs 81ild li: S'Юne Wi' Js wi h sma: 1 wtndows. h) De ·cn11e eaclt of CJ1e
1·n medl&'o'al fime-s, st.1cn w dows 4) ........................... pichlr,es u i:ng phm,и;;cs fr,oi11
(make) rм c.as re ea�1er to i:lmfldi. tве tuible аЬ@\' • .., � ;in 1Lh�
1hв nlвriar 1� d:з.rk юd gtaetmy. fзсь r,oom hк а. e1'31i t1pte.
ge fire.pl се nd 5) .......................... .................... , (l11м1s111J У т, simpre wofld'en item.sc.
Therв are оо pa'-liings on the walls, and no CJf"P'�l:S ст lhe t()ld s4one· floors. 11 IOOl<s gmn� 1,

tru 61 ................................................. lno · lfesig_n) lor comfort!

Afihoug!J il m.ay not Ьв the. [ypioзl tcшrisl artrncoon, Вг.ш Castle is certatnly worU! а
,..,зit.
lt ls а tnJly unlq,uв expвriвnoo.

с Read 1h fext agmn ,m1d rompl12t1J· d:ш fnb Ьс m "iilil il!nfom1!8il • wt

ohout tbc i.· •lf . 11Ьеn. t. 1k аЬ011 Bn lt . · �е.

Wm1.2l2 � .................... � ............................................... ..

........................................................................... ......................... .................

е.8. Th�ri i.'i и ·nmft,rtaN, ii11i11g r-oom
wil11 о. tiled jloor.
 ь •la11cl h: 111:"· с: ' lo ,ье
1

pktu.r . One of th , i1L1-ac1

·п,d ,one of tl е pktuR 1do l!lot
m�,t :Jr.

l/11: (Шl. itJ� tJ1c buiJJi11g i�·

impmsi1 - i1J1 iti n!d Ьпсk 1W1fls.

12 а ReadJ the emrnci "'Ьitb ne

i , llirom�

-
_ an a:rtirle in. в trave1. шш:�:wе:.
= а 'tOJ)'
n . LЗ[ . а. n1. d,... "rt�· .ment1

..\ You will nevвr Ь sh.o:n: of · tlin9s с U se tlle IIOil. . hclo\, :10 ,,п�е part о! а lc-ttcr to а fric11.d
·to do 1n U,e Algarve, lf you are .1lxJ11I tL'iit eNtrn piJtt� n11I d _illiЬer, iп �)
lщ:ikirig ror а r,в\ lng hollday, J lickt� .J i Пlak ooluur d m<irЫe
ther·a are ptenLy af r.ong sandy
beщ;hes ю choose from. IFor Z Sb m���
hOS>f.l wpo pmle о. Ье on tfte, 3,
mO\l'e lhere atl!t а tso ma_n�
p�etLy moun'taJn \.llllages where 13 п R-ad tbe rubric ood umderiint Lb ·�' ·on1 · lh n atm r 'h
you• сап buy tradilion.il Pottu
g,uese craftwork, or just .admmэ
,е soenery.

2
3,
4
5

7 Н�с?

9 ·uu 11',,riill; (! }f tlh · rrшin body р· r gr �.

ould уо1.1 writc ror а h para ra.ph.

Ь} ·с, 1ilr _п �· rs rrom рцгt u 1 •u ,�·.rite � ·ощ· de .._.;,pri: n 1120 • ,

\\·unl. ).1:'11м can u. 1lihearti:.1 111 :,,:. 101� а_,:а шd 1.
 1 lo k at th tablt Ь !о � d.'ico llisi 11 rio 'Lhe ,саг·· t.ti ,aud l:ifk 1.11� eлrnм::t 1ю . 2 а) R�111 tJ е: extrnc and
\\ i ·J!J i,f 'lk� nbj· ,t. iD Lhc pktu.. i • ь. ·пg d crihcdr'r !!С ri'lc m tchi tbem 1@ tJ1
iвfornш.tioo ririo n rl е �rble to de crihe 1.1re lo�t оь·�t. � pes uf wniing jn ili-
t' •�
althealqю,rt
а slOl'J
IIJOarnO 11::юpmD [II] ш� a.t/11 ni 'li/Ylml
[I[] а fetter
:!i - Sth Norernwr О

, l!em: sul1«1seO t:irte,f(:o$eD

® , he IRSt tim-e l mw
ущ ' fOJgot to te/1 уоо
about thr /ovely nм
5 S�e:
·r
nю14ntai� blke t�at my
d'ad got те or ffi}'
dшkЬюwлО Ьrrtllda_y _ 1 wBh you it:ould
Я!li! itr 1rs qur _е blg, bl.4t
7 нatetta· nulof:i О p1.o:strc-:D ir s r-earJy ljgl'lt 1rs: go
ре ial f'IGJnfJ'-e-bor a11d 11:1
gcars. rve Ьееn goi11
evc y _vhere w, ir!

® With ,чinter м 11\е way,

мders will wa.nt to take
adva-ntag� ol our sрвс� dfer
,u,r:s monlh, t1's an е вgant
рiм злd me smpoo q1.11 .
Made cl cotton und p�iced ш
Е75, i ·'s ,great 1Jalue ror
ri11
'ffiOГl6Y, то C'Jfder, S1mp1y in
fue roon м r:m мd oond itofl.

©h hc: \l1 alkoo iп[ · lbe

gr.ю·J tli11iнg ri:юrn. иi1с fi . t
Descrlpt ons of objeots ,�n Ье ound ln reaflets, ca.taloagues. adven.lsemems ог 1hing t1 11 1 �d \Щ lhe
pai1s ol leьrs, sюries repons ог artlc вs. t1ug poli bt:d \V1 .J<н.le11
When you describe an obJect, you should give a.n accurste plclure ,of i , Vour шЫе. ft tretched frorn onc
d.e�ripli0;n shouldi Tnr:rude il'lforma:tion зliюut si!Z.e, waight (e.g. rny, big, ,fl&!\1),1, end or �hc room to tbe
!ong, вtcJ. s:h·ape, (в·.g,., cJrc-ufsr, оvг1 erc), parttert1 ar 1:11н:o:ratia,11 rв.g. ptsln,
tlrer aiиd it '111 W Ыасk апd
0<heGlwri,, etc), C·Glou,r· (в..g. Ьiown; muitJ-co/01J{ed, ,вtcl, o.r,igln (e.g. Аfтлщ
Jзраовве. eto) and m,aterrl.al (&,g. l.eathe,, plгstic. nylon. ,вtс), ае: we!I as any J1in . J fcci •ere s!и1rp d
informat1on concemrng speclal reзwre$ (e.g. !ock. sficxet:i. etc). lilre с1а
То de�cribe oЬ.jecls you shovld use а vEUie:ty ,of зdjecliveэ. Alwa:� list opi11.ro111
adjec ,ves (fJ.,g. b1Ja11tilul, /a,fЖpwr.si11,e, щ,u�,щ�,,. &tc) 'i,rs:I, follQwed Ьу fiц:t
adject1 es. Thes,e are normallr l1s-ted in lhe fotlowing order: s.;ize/welgbl age li) 111derl,n.e the
shape, patlern,, co10111r orlgln or mate:riarl (e.g. !argв, rectsngular, slwвr. etc). adj cti re u· оо to,
f �· ·d ing alt ,ol ltlem ol!'le з ler lhe oiJ:ler, as i№-will ma'ke yourdes.crip1iaл sound d triilю еаСЬ още �­
ii шаJ - в.g. lns ead о wrilшg: lf's·a IOV,Sfy. llea\lyt old, ovafrm'norwiJJI а taN8d
\'\Ъir.h DJIC o;pmi.ou
- ё t, а е ... you could win·,�: ll's I Jovety, h W,· okJ mlrror. .ft�s ovaJ. wilh а
I

deolwood. adj�!iг ', hicl

ar1! l'ar;L пdjeei ·i e.'i?
 U 11 в Des&r Ыпg Ob1lec1s

3 •·i11 i п tlile 1,- 1 Je ЬduY. -·filh, ,-ori I rnrm th li 1 3, in t.l1e e 'amp'Je. 5 з) R,юd flЬe ru.Ь:ric and
falшfou , pJ,1 lic lmzg. ·IE-gtшJ, rlю1я,, m.mu.l �: сп� hi,z с $ln1шl шJcrli111e lh, k�1 H)td •

hе,н)1, 20th сетшу, c1ys1t1l li 111. paJКr. e.x1raordi11r,,y, r«1011. и{ог. You lost а sports bag w lle
rшcin11, /ШГJil ln11r . qши-е cawed, . tirkers.. rtюde.m, red l11dia11. you were staying at а hotel.
pйll•iiHlol, Jшщ/ли1dе Y,ou think у'О1.1 may have lefl. . at
the gym. Wrtte а letter to Lhe
fahulmtS, .,., .• ,................, ....................... " ................,............ mana.ger" descлblng the ьаg.

""'"••'"••••1111.1,.,.� o.l LLo;,.Lo.••••••••8.18.1.1.1..1 1 1 1;1 IILllllll••••••••••••..1..1..1,0 1 1 •о 1 1 о:••• ••••••••••••11 1 1 О I О О•

Ь, Ti1.1k thr i,1 Jro pЬ.ms� l.haL

......................... ................................................................................
.._ .,,,,,,,, m.a:t tЬt ,Р I fe (ure f
ihe Ь· g, i, 1!1е pic(ute 11 ltw.
Iip 11 ulder ·tгdp О
-
....................... _ ..... ·-.....
--
. ..... ................ ... ·- . . .................................... � .................................. 1.11
- Vl'hl.l ·1 о hш1dl1 о
t't'lill'l.lllllof't"' .. '"4t-tt't-• .. , ..................... ,!-t••••1111,, ••••••••••• , ............................................ .,
loc' ;-.1 • µо ·kc !. о
..--..t,11511j!ll•llll" ."'"'�l.1••111111511111111111111'11111."lll•ca, llll.01111111111111111111111111111.ll'I..IIIO.O•t:llllllllllllllllllllllll"ll"ll":O•••o.••

, .................................. . . ......................... , ... о:,1111111111111111111111111111 .................................. ,о:: ..

4 ) Put '1.ke .а�есс( . . in bifacket: in·1,o ·Lhe со:п-мt ordrr·.

О11с of the. m . t prcciou gifts I bave ever rccei d i а -...........................

-....................................................................... m n.yb t ri·nclg·vem�.
1:1,eLiD1n 1 Ье�u11аГ1.111 с:� n1i
fary '11 oins; througb 111 trun in thc alti , Ьс с.ш11 :r
great-gr;1n<I aтht:r' ................................................................................ п
0ld-fasl iш eil ·, rioden, · arved)
З Peter and ] \\'1Ш[ ю th loca] Ьazaar е: terda� fl!lld ·е oough I а ...............

Deur 'ir/Ma l1Ш,

] аш "rrit:fn ro in,quire аЬшн а hag
r mo inrf)rma1ion. Lha. 1 Lliink ! l ft, [ ,·ош· h tc1. n th
t:.•{er'lin f iШпооу, 1 Шh O\'t11'1L'Н:r.

r gr:'

·· ours fs.'thfutl;1.
AJDa•
 Descr i Ьin 0 F е stivo1ls/E,vents /Се I e1 br,ot i о n s
1 1

а1 the el'1!d af lha уеа:г

1 al the @nd of Seplember
'-!eoson; to ce�ebrQte 'lhe p,ofron О lo celeorale lhe end of
soln1 Qf ,Вor,cetono, s . mmer
co.s 1,1mt$ mcкtc& srюn sl'I fOOd pre,po�(j D
m �ютам pr�l:sed su,ee� dкoroted О •:Vl.'nP�
s,ports events О р!Юр!е ,dress up О IWGr1'�,t'1
peo,pte dan�lng1 ,cы::rotюts. pelform , cks О raьt,,;t�":....!:=•�
О
tots of paroctes О �rewori! CIISptay
C-omme-ms: vещ di арро nt1·ng О spectaeuklr D

. descript" е comp si ·on aЬout а festI\la.l, eve t or а celel:lralion sho 1d' consist of:
з} з.n 11шoduction il'I whicl'I уо give, i,e name. time, р1асе а а 1r,ea.sм(sJ lor

. ...
ctl:eЬra: g;
Ь,) а. mвin, body ln whith you descrlbe t ер epara. lons a.nd he actual event 11
separaite paragraphs, 1.1sing present lenses :о desc 'Ье апn al festivals, or pasl
te es 10 tteso Ье а tмtl you al\en<JКj а1 some time rn 'Lhe рае•; PorC1g:rcrp h '1
t) а tomcilu;lo.n wnlth, ini:lu,des рео�в·з · eelings, oommгnts or nal oug ts аьоu
� 8'\lef'1t, name, llme/p1oce of
• You са11 use а V'a,ioly of adjec ives а d adverbs 1:о make your d9sc iptiori mare �v,en • 1reason[sl for
Viivid. e.g. сь rful fens shoutoo emllu сао, � rtis toek sf8! lJ!rivGd. celebratfng
" You cen 11Se tlle passive to deюribe еvвn,тв 'ihen Lhe ac>Livity s mo е lmparta.nl
Lhan lhe ag ent (1. е. the p.erson who dld i ) в.g. After thв рмвdе spввches 1,а, :мaln
m3 нndhymm ' RJ.
Oescrrptions of festivals, events ог ,cclebгalions can Ье fouщl in magazi es, news­ Paragrap'h 2
papers or Lravel broclшres, or э.s par s of leHers, stari,es, elc. The slyle you use
aepends on е slluahon and lhe lrI!ended reaclef. prepcral ioлs
[e.g. - focxl, (Я(JfciU"IS, etcJ

2 а) Read tlнr rubrk п,d ш11i!lerliьc [IH! ,ke" u onl. Eheri а,1. тег 1.ltt q-пе tion •.
1 Parcigr,aplh 3
А 'trave'I magazlne hа-з asked lti r,eadtrs ю send ln d�liplioм of anriual descriplloл of the a:elua
evenl5 i11 their counlry. Wr ite ал artli'c!:e describlng ал annual evenl you have event le.g. - c,ost me,s,
ancnded, fnolud1ng preparnlions and ev�mts ол lhe actual day. mus,ic. dclлclng. other
ас lv lles. e1cl
1 \�1 hi 11 of th follo\'\r .in 11ou!d you 1101 t ri[ lюш'J Gi\;·" :rcasoл...
l' м vепН ld оп :е о t -k in )OLIJ 1 �1 J! а
18 ., f, :tival h 1d, cry уеа jn . ur 0t. u1шу
& 1,; .11Cnit :1. tb.11 ta ·е. plaec ry )'tar ,' r1 ;шо1l1 r ,Q:111n[I)' Par,a,graph 4
ш
WЬich of thc ollo\vi.11 1шis1 you iпclud. )IOUr d ripti,on? Tick 1 . f'eell ngs. СО' me n1s. f I dl
d tilil�d de ·Jiption tl1 iown d saipti п of th acluai ,1е:ш 1houghts
В pr.epшal.iorn. before 1.h e\renl D important mотшmепt. in ti1e area
\\Ъi:h �., �11auld u main'I I u ? :Vhy
 -
11) 1.оо al �h 1Р l,11re in tllc urti d Realf tft artic:Je �. i:n in d rш in
1 \ hat kind f even[ i it. l.h.e tав]е ·�··th • ·fшr п r • Then
А · hn I ra 11 .1 ,1mival
1
1.allk al)C111t 111 R�inW R �· tt. .
" ViJJ1 rt dt., уо11 1hink 1[ ·ш� . p.l
Рат 1:
• in England В iп ic
\· ]'щt ume ,of)rear i it?
'\ , ·n11;r R �u.шщ r
\\ hich r Lh · followi:ng 1ш11cl:i
f
Рат 2:
111 pi t11r,
А Jш nшd ta.nd ala:ng id
th ·1.c·r Ргrа з:
В, exQ1itt1ill)' drc ·е d'iшce
R.e d I Ь · · r, iclc IJcJ1 n·nd ()U 11 he •crlэ, i1 1 lo tl1e urtte ·t k'fl.
in tlie н tn• 11)[" (Ю i11'e ns iп the c.mmw-fe lihcn п ,я�сЬ 1Lb.e Рат 4:
headw1)� . М 1 D� 110 il'h рм, п1рЬ
• descriprinn о · actш1l е1 ет _..... ""' • preparшi01в _ ........ .
• {eeli11gs, (Фmm.•11fs, i1ш.lll10ughм· ...... _,,.. • 110111е, plareNimt·· 1 • ш11 ......... .

:0 Тihe RQyal �ltJ IS orm of lh� most filЛ'IOl.iS ii!VCПl.s I n U1 mr d of ГO\\ring. Th • �c<Jlta 1) .. . /'akes p/are... (ia.ke ,Jace)
ry Ъ't!-ilГ in Hc.nl .
1 1 pictu чuetw.,n i11 H ie 1,1111 {1 &щ/�щd, Тi1е evenl 21,_________,_________________,,________________,,________________
lu ualty, ·oldl at the еяd of lune and 3) ..................................................... ......... coninuel or ГNе da}· . Team of rO\\
1

IП)m 11 l)Щ'Г tnc, �IIO . .rumpel • t г prii, ' 1.• fW-Cial ly IQ{ • � presli rOUiS ut.100 Cni!ll� Cup. l3 1 yeat. l \/l•L'f'II to 5,00 \\ h.a.1
the 61t: temelll: , as, .а.11 aЬoLJt.
\ he'fl 1 .) ............ ,..,...................... -,...,........... (,1m�e , 1 f,
1
н�
amшed at p:rq»ra1·on involved. Huge grand ! цds,
j� ............................ ............................ (put up аfол 'de lhe \\'iler nd rtМ о· c-oroorful dec�chair 1 61· ................................
·
. "'""""""' pli!t�) ng tl, t'(fgcoril,em,w 50 lhi! �IQ rol.f!d \ lrf1 lh bni11 г,JС in ПJщforl, fn adr.lili П t fц 1 len
) _·--·-----, _,,...., � _________________-··------------- ( е[ 111pJ, n \l'. hicn · 1 er 8} -------··----··.,--··-------·-------_________________, 1 е.nте) tleUl.iщJ tи d
1

·
алd rrefre hing dnin , � ·m frpm, ill1)' 001.Jn ni . 9) ........... , .................... ,н ..,,.......... (practiи) \ ·m · he1r eam-mates for
1

da li ure 1 ,� rar Ьеgа11.

Dшing th li� da: of h Rega1rnj mап, о th
rа1щ 1щ ______________________________________ (dre ,) е1�11 10
ta d1 h raoes. 0th г , like m lf, 11 1 .. ...........................
fdкide to lm· ' f1i111 i - tll'l 1� river k. lin t.n 1, u,l,i h
� lhe rno51 iшporыni race i IJ,e �egalla was tl\e' nigh[lg.ni
о. IП ?Wlill. А т Лn lr ts ped О\ rard u ' '1/ef)'Ol'le
,21 .................................... tand up a.nd !arled hauling
f г lh •ir toom, \Ve d1eered, ;md 1 З,) .......................... (wмое
enlhu fasHcall lh lюats 1,4) -------·-·.,····---·----------- (rn h
pas ir, 1'1Efr ra.ro to lhe l'ini hiпg lil'1Je. Soo � ten
1� lime r d1t> r.r�k dr. pl •.
As lhe las'l rodle 1.iJ ··--"""·-··-··-· ...--·---··-··-·--····-·---··'""
t�lod · in the t'VC11in �mm(!r : , 1 f-elt sad d,a., tlw
e,,-ent ovcr. 1 cooldn'I help 111'11' Jn hm n uch fLlfl ·1
f\f!Ulrl lт. 11n te m t IO'i,v 1, • 1 Г1О' peq1lc in lh rac and
пюr ll1an jll t а pedat!lr.
 3 ,1 RII irt 1Lb,e g,;1ps in 111 • � Ct'.i:1.'il w''th adi ·lii•es fl'ii•m еш.:h li .
t 5 tch tb , Ье ionjn s and
'
\Vblrb c:rtrar, d.@scribt1s an мшuаl, \7ent ! ,,rь·с:ь oDe dtscliilh s: ai J1di11rg. bclow. 1Ъс11! S:!sll. , �, kh,
р� · , "·ent', refer to а1111ш,1I е en�, and 1

\llhticli rcfcr ro pnst eve.ots. How

11.: il-!11o•w1, /(111cy-d1 � /101:d-ctщ'fd, cal)� ,roloшful, crenti"' do ·Jdid tatb "·ril1tr ri��.

11 D11y • Ье ure 1l1e 31 · 1 October ·Ыld ren gu ю i ..,........... , ..........

hop.i. a11d dccidc \ llich 2 ......................... со. t1.ш1 ю Ьи . Others
lю аг · шог • J) ........н •• , .............. ;, prr::: r Lu makt= Ll1t:ir о� в
.ннn . n, ·, ,( n Ь nythii'n fr,om 4, ....................... 1 •.. Atюut three yвars ago my parents
ПtO!}.,t • [ 5) ...,.......,................. , l1i:tf,1Ct!;!, . frtim шgал sм а l)al1y iп hon()ur оо' mr
[airy Lal . 01ildrcn а1 о go trick r-tr a'lin n gra11dfattler, �Jno was retiring rrom
п1аk_, ........................... .... l,.1,tcrn rum pu111pki1_ w,ork at ths age, or Sooy-ljve ...

ruarr,
2 ... E.veiy yoor, ш1 14�h Fesb
'lhOIISЭГld.S о peov е lп my СО\JЛ�
1 " .......... ,. ....... '".- · �nd еасп ot11er flow ers апd cards to
At it�c end of tlte CQ11cerl. ! fc] vегу �
celebrэte 'S Valer бne's 'Day , ..
r
..................... 11
ш nnl \v,1: ti\c tmd qu;;i\it� l) ............ ..
,
a1sQ 11,с lщ111i11 ,., · • 3)
.................:·····............. 'Ll�a[ :'е
. с tl1 tag "'. 1, :in, i 'tb1пk - lt Ь . aticndшg
could har 11 З ··· liщ October, for my rщeenlh
n,cxu. "'a:r' Rock Fe tt aJ, Ьfr thday, 1 iлvnoo а tew of my rnends to
e:ome o�er to my house for а �artv ...

1
JC Лcadcn1y " r<Ь �lso, kн �. n as thc О. cars, takc
р1ао once, а ear al, t.h.e end о( Maic.h i1:1 L · . 1g le: , fhis
1 .............................. enl · с gcrl�· \\ it d Ьу n1 Ш ions offan
aII ov r [l1c \'orld. 2) ................................ film la' , mu·ician
А ..· Atter ' had deared up lhe mess, 1
а11 di.rectors !Jilthc 1ndi.:r n roc r tL . �, •h \ 1 Ш Ье 1.hc
weлt to bed, exh-austM but delighled
3,) ......................................... оп - lo lнk • homc an Os.t:ar.
tllat ft haa been such а success, l'm
sure everyone wJI remember il to' а
Ь) '\\Ъ",tЬ р ragra,pb i an iпtrodu ·,оп а �00011 �оп o:r ,в 1mwn W..o�· loлg time,
pвn1grвpb'.
В ... ln the Md, � was а �reat s.,uccess.
4 Rewrjfe tbc roll<щ·iпg: ·hu 11ШJn,)traplJJ. puНiu� tl,e vertls in bol.d
An the eff 011 wa.s wortti lt jцst to soo
iпtФ th ра j"t а in tihc с. amplc.
tlle broao smtJe, on h1s faGe wrten ье
А People ,ее[ brяt Guy Fawke:s Da)' ev ry -Lh No,v mber. СшЬlлю ma1 wa� si1rпшn:ded 1Ьу all his family. J;�
·ш ·ffiro• U Gu· 1 ·111d bu 'fi.r1;MOrk witl1 lhefr ock t шоn . f'copl b111ildl never lorget lt!
bi Ь 1,fire. in g...rdcn or at organ� d irc . n th, •cшing. th ) let ,оП'
ре r ul r ш_
rk . Е r;•on с 'bakc.d potal, • At the nd о tl,
1G ••• 1 · is usiiaнy а rtav
tull Gf surprises
e,1eni11, lh Ьщп tlie effigy uf Guy.
and, unavoirtaЫy, fuero are oliefi
c.g. Gr,y .Fllк-ikes'' lюJ ir cdeЬroled erery: '!11 01'l!111her ...
a
1s.э�pointmRnts. мost о al1,
c
JЗ, The)' d! pla. th .1 t mpurers in 1argc l1all and oompanie iv aw �· ht1\WVU1 it ls а day 'lor romanu
ok\vare. The:. ho, · full-length reat-uw fiJ.ms iп lhe �шH1orium. pe.ople Gf а�\ a��s-
Е,;· ,ryune 'L ·u·1il е1 jt1<ys the. eveпt i1nm�11 °l .
58
 в Пш promp IЬrlm аге иЬоu I sr1 i'o'i Lie diш:i taliif? plяre Ь fо� odl 2 LN,k ilt l1e uc1i iLie 1'ur rш
о nivc а ссlсЬ аL1ш1 вnd I ь�1
dшing &Ье D0miпi1г ami1 311. L.1ilel Lbem В fur Ь for • 1ur D
ro:r olUil'ШIJ: tl:iem В � ·r Ьefor .JП(I D ( i r
lшin ).
1 Са ilib nn rшхl/ 11 .i[ tn.�1 1all. D
1 в 11,m .IШ D
3 t · pbo�ouaph D
4
D· d·1n.a: 1t11 m\1�i · D
3,

tш.1.-ist • 111 i' treet W"dlr:h/paлid'e

nig,!11 hl:(i re/carлivf1Vpeup'le ,goЛi,r !11 ·1ree1 party
9 cami al qu.e- n,ldtoo /�ward , pr1z 4 :\'11' ·11 ,r the. rollrn i,1� ' u1d �
l!lilaЫe ш1 i111Lroductioп 1 your
tlt" pr11mp1 аЬн • to �,rite Ь n1aio Ь11 )1 pim J{rtilf>I !i: f1Jr u1
I ·· . \Vh. · - 'th � ·ther e.'!tшci ,юl
соп: ро 1 iliioп d�scr.ibllilg tl е Doшime arRi ail. u itahle? Oi rea:. .n. for t1 u r
зn cr�.
7 1) 1 ь :o,m:ct Ьо 111
lab t de erilЬe th �mrn.tiion. 1 . it пп. aon11вl 1ev mt r l'ШI.? О ЕУщ алn ,versary is special [� а
maпied coup1e, 1:1111 he twenty-li h,
�aso,, for mLet:1raU1:1n: �111, weddlng
ann verscщ,1 D 2511'1 weoa ng
onn rve,rsary о or s111ver IJl!edd!щJ зnrli�1 a s ry ls а
parllпularl� lmp,ortвлt шюаsiоп_ Las.t
ocehetd; lho et r·eceptlo/'11 rQOffl О lorgehouse D Sa[urday was my рагепts.' silver
epr.:rю oos: sent invltQЬlons
n h red ,coi.e-rers
D wedairщ1 aлniveв.ary. Му ьrotller
booli:ed 1:!�1. r.мrм
о .,,.ent to l'lnlrcire�r·s. О ani:11 ortianlsed I uge pany s11 a.t

c:leoned tie house, D OJ1de ed {loweri. о Mum and Dad cDul!J c,elebrn'te lh�
tllg flay rл style.
t:ll.IOI dav: Gvesls: 50
D 5DDI
о
1 t ree"(.'Ouirse m oL
о tJ4.lff о
о о
f,00,:11; t1Q'I

Husl Sixlte SerenUes,

Olitie1: porl\j 9<1mes о 5peei:;;h
о 8 rh& pдrf-_y •d а rtJtJ/ly /Jy;1Jy
:iphere. 1hr:1'tt wег� , "д'
reit-Llngs� pa:r,enls hacl' а
wonder{ul I me· D disa.ppolnteel
some fomitu
memhers didn1t corne
о ifty � 'dэ, !i, 811d ·r
ln 1'/t· t:", "tSr.irщ. mte Oi ,.,, .m;
ир ar4 d.<i. 'UI. ]h� OJ р!луt
'1!У d/Jd � fШОШ-/tе trRШir.
·,,-'1т 1(: Sixti� - l'w: r16'Vt!fr
tMt!'. blm di t! mJ trvd'i
8 №ad IЬе ml!lrir h row and unirrline dl key · ·ord tlhe1, anc1wиer
Lhc qu. · litш
Your leacher has as�ed, yo1J 1о de5criba а weddiпg arm1vвrsary
c�ebr,atioo you1 h:ave rcoently atteпded. Write yvur ccmpositlon, 9 RJ:ad fl1 · mb- ; it �х. а нin,
inct!Jdi desciip!Jions o,f the preparalions and lhe aclм�cs on. the th 111 11se 'O:Dr answ FS [rom Е •
actual dcay. ;in(! 8 to \\1 1(!.:' � our 1.'oQ111po il i n
\\'h.ic�1 UO'\J iпg are. mJ/ .u.ilable ror tЫ _ '! Спсlе. 120� 1 0 �·О \" U D
i\ �:.51 h ,1i· cldi r1g ;J nni _ rsal')' D \\'i,; !d i ng re • pli ]rl �1 inix.... п mod i.
 1 а!) Li t.::n fn Ll_c ·t1 Q' шll li)Ut 11- piol11re ioto 11Ь
r ОП' ·t GJid r tbeo tl!d '\" '
dle qoe tion
1
2
Ь) Li ten1 n in tben 1oQk · t Hie picture · nd l.ell [he ··IJOt)',

First·pers.on narratives are written in е irst·person 11 11е) a.Ьou t з series ot e,vents,

riaJ ог rnaglnзry, �vti ch tta.ppened to us. А first-perэon narra w,e shoulcf oons s of: lntrodu:ctla n
а) ал lntroduc11on i· which you se llle scene \wha was. ii,vafved, ·me, р!асе·, elc) in •••• • 111 • • ••

ал lnteress ·ng way to make Ule reader vari to cootJnue reading;

Ь) а m&1ln body, oon�sling of two а more paragraphs, wriere yau de',i'eJap уош
story, pr,eserlling 1he even s iГI the order 1hey happeлed; алd Set the, sc;,ene
с) а concluslon wh ch lncludes what happened а! е eno of ·1 �э s,to у; as well as lwho - where - whe n -
poople's fee: ings. · мl oomment.s о· reacoons. А surprl. ·ng endirщ makes а ng­
1
whCJtl
as ing impression on lhe rea er.
1

You st,ould ormally use раз tenses in svcl'1 pieWi o·f wt iil!ing. as I as а va iery
of adjectl\les ог aawoo to make you s ory тоге а racwe to ·1ле геаdег.
Nanati'IJ(!S сд.n ь� found in article-s, le:tle:rs, novcls, elc. То altracl tlie read!l!r's
attentlo , g е JnteresUng а d cзtchy I es to yotJ stone.s. ,especlaJly 11 thвy are tor а
magazine, newspaper �tc. IDovelop the story
d,2to11ed desпlption о
2 R ad tbe ml!нic and nnde - i11 the ke�1 "'ом.s. th п ап п r tbe- q11e I ion . events. 111 lhe order lnev
hopp@ned1
А loaal newspaper ls hordlлg а stшy compel.iljon and you ha\l'e decided to
enter. Уош slory s:nould s:lart wlth: "1 stood оп the deak вtaring at tJie huge Co
• ••,n•clut:lon
••••• • • • •
wa11es.� WrИe yrn.ir story for Lhe compelition.
1 \\1 1i i , )in� tс.н :a,d )'Q11т t ry'? 3 \ hat hould ·our 1, l'V Ье. abQui'!
Final Pcirogrciph
л 3 boat tr·ip
2, \\ 11 'bould your tory · about'! end of story, reellngs,
J а [rnin а ide.1:1 t commen1s ,o:r reac:1lons
.1-\ 8 ош·эе-lf
а ·� nтi -шш,сr: d,1 in 1h 01. -1:1.n1· i11. --4:=========
60
 Un111110 l,irsl-oerson Nшш11ve·s

3 ') � t tl], ·. pkture io 'th, fo,.ry , .l1 ои1 ndl a·n ,·ег а. qu · t°!Jn , с Re ,d 1·h., lor,• а вin, ншI
I

1 WЬ r did lhi= t ry rak pl : 011 а hip. ori tйin.' 1шn1Ьеr the е: m( tn IЪ� urd r
- \' 11at w.a · tb \li· ath r 1ike: oo!d апd ind�,7 ilrm und nn)'? ilпmкb rheyhвpp1шed. Тh�п.
\ ш1 d • ou U i, IJ1 ro'blenн� �- · а bljщ:kin,g? а 1rc in Ll1� с gin · r n,·. uw lhc 'li I to re-PJI lbc ... 10LJ
�VЬai happened in 1:11ю·епd: tЬе ship rea h d lh рогt·. the, hip sank.':' , ifit li d mlap;p · d ·1· , ou.
- ·w �,i h U I he ({ !!о i,,g ·� П 'i°)U fi11d 1,)Л it 'nir. Ti ;k ,/ ;
d k (.1), droo,:n _. loL1d · ...... n l:! · nc room _, pl. form __ \Vc: w re k:ed I go lo tbe
lifeooat tution _, саЬiп _, itrin, rош11 _, lifejack�1 _, Ь -ratioп - rtearc.1. li Ьt о· �ra1ion.

Ь) Read iiЬe tuп und unlilcrlin • Lh • L"tlrreCI, rl,ui • · Th •о, J311Jcel 'lhe
00 \\ е р 1 оп lifcjэ.ck t".
11.

paragraph. '[h il с fo!lwing 11�.a:d!ing•• ,.____.._2_, А fire lar1cd in Lhc cngiп�

r n.
'
8 de1 lopmcnl D sl01 • • seJ i11g J/1e ce1re • пd о slm , fi •di1ig.J: 1][] 111.е hi.p . ,lt \\'C{I.
[]О w -. .rea J1ed port.
F We, 11 ·10 t11e lifcb ut-.
ШО
ш:ш
Тh , ngin ·topp �d.
Тhе. Й�ГI')! Je р 11.
IJD Th · i1.

,d Re d thr ' iDQ' ilgдiп 1111d liil l

i n il оо rccr a,dj e,,cti • ,
th m ma'ke -ll'lt -Dc- u .ln111
'Lh · com plet«I с-0 ltumti,oo

.,
.2 ........................ , ........ , clOll ,
1 "'' .............. , .... ioi!!loi.

1 stood· 011 'the deck. slann!il al ihe tшga w:we.s .. f rom \he momeпl we Para 1 ....................................................... . а
J had ld/Wвre leavtng J)D апd sai1ed ilil о 1ne EлgИsh С ппеJ, tl1e 4 ..................................................... ooat
жiatiwf l'lad ga W(lt"Se d iti'Dl'Эe. 'QW, ligпtn· g1 ILIOJтte� aoros-s, е S:\y,
•11,lah was со-\11 d in ff<Ark clouds. � ................................................... groпnd
Suddenly, th8 пoJse of tl'te engl es 2:) h,ad itopged/ strnppe�. е ship Para.2:
З) эl'owed/ w� s!owl111g, rrnling tieav ln ·the rough sea. А voioo ovгr' 1е
spe:i s 41 'lal were lвlllng u& to l'f!mзln carm - с adood ttшt
а �re had эtte!!I n е eng·rne rоощ аоо 5aicl iha: aJI p.aшngers ust go
1

metliately tti h оошем · eboa.t sla.Uon Betare vo.u stan wrili· g your story
We al 5) raQ/\'i�Di r11 n !1 ю е deck fol!Dwtng signs, ta the
mzdec sur ;, ood feja00!15 ancl you snou1d decide on е plo Ii е.
11 eЬoits. тье ship's offii::ers arnved
us to put mem оп, i.e. tht ma1n events whlc ake up
- iJ showe ere !'howlrig hmv lhe !tory.
1 1) 1oo'ke!Vwas, lo11kl �1 �ща п1 ь, tюгтоr I me 1ldi, s am,y sea I е
lmlgm ol ьetng1 out lhire I а Uny Ьоаt was tип11у1пg, Mi rs З,) had
Para4 Vou should make в те lhal you wri
pa:ssed,( pussedr Г� е tюшrs, u at las а vDJce 911 as announein these e1ten s I lhe order l'ley
announced U at ev rythiпg was ooder с nl!ol алd ihE de as 01,1 г. We happened. То snmч t seque се о
all \01 clt вred,/Ьad .11:�eer,ed as 11'\е епg· es srмtoo aga.in and 100 ship eve.l'ltS you ca.n u:se linking ,'J ·� 1

11) moveavwat m11ving о ard tnto thв wa: es. Para S such s: as si:,on as wblfe. befo а
1 i;oul 't belle в lt was ova, tt!Oltgh - nD un il we twl umed firs!, пем, then. ею.
port аоо 112) was slandlng,111tdr stoodl on salid grouoo agaJn!
 U'nlil' 10 First"pe1soп1 Nц11rul ves

4, п I Read tli!r ru1b,rk lюШо вmd mat,!!:b tlilem to, tbe ,р:, 1 1: lш • Сап )1ou UI ji�l. SQ(.Щ, sиtld •rtll , fin 1/ll ,
. u.��t'-t. · liun" ii,· p,Jo:1 line :? 1/иш. а

1 д magazi е is no!di11g eI oompetJVor1 for е best s ol't s orv endl

g ·1h [[) 1) ........................... we wete drМпg
в wouldn'l lose our lюиsе. _. h . rne dow.n the wifidii,g mourrl.9rn rм.d.
it siar1ed 10 snow. SоП � ile sriowAa�es
:2 Your tee.cher nas aske VQL.! ю w ·te а sno story ending wi h ine Ьоу were fa'llr.ng lrghtly onto the roa.d' and it
foONed гl. те and smf/ed. 1 had sa1,1ed hls l/le. • 2) ............... �.,....... Ьесвmе e:ry вllppery.
З ,) ................................,а dеш shot ou in
• 11,1,•alked d(I\ n ih rnilн,. trdc . В, • �i у broLh(: r tшd J ,.,, r lookiцg lюnt о1 the vал and 1 had lo зwerve 1

• [ �r young оу li eriing to, а1 :юmе bills. \Jio:lently to а\11 · d �- 1 hi.a.rd а lood

walk11taн pla iпg ulil lh · lrш:k "­ • The ·pl1one. гdng. and rnana.ged ю зюр. 1 у Jumpecl
., The tтаiп ca:m • , 1 , ,у г i nvi1:ed III to Ы. affice. ou of lhe van arid ran back to, see i 11'1е
8 r .r П io\ anJ. tl, 00, •
1
,. Н told us а di lant rcl;:iti of d'eer was hun.
1 found it · g ln 1ne road. 4), ,. , .........
t, I pusJшd hiю off tlш track•. ош had di d. .............. , 11 ttюug t i was deщi. Then.
•, 1l1e it in \\re.Dt Ьу. • .J1c I ft иs , 100, О . ne , ere.r o,r,ene� • :s еуеэ a.11d I rwfi�
ihal il was al е. 1 iumped Ьа.сk, re11eved
� R,e..ttl 11t1e. w1ltlп • an,d h � plot line 'ih ·n put tlhe ,tvcnt i'n, th,t 111rder аз tле, doo.r s,trugg!ed to it. э ·Jeet, For 111
:slooo wiln
1

tlleJ h:)pp oedl, Fir]ail; , о . 11 plar lin ю, i 11 LLte • tory а if it mo ,н il looking а-1 me is
lar-geson: brown 0yes, 5,) ........ , ............•.
hf1d 11· рр ned о )'i!lill,
...... , .... ,.•.....• il пш ,оП i!'!IO lne lor&.st вrid
А ma.gazjne has asked its readers to submit shшt stories staning 6) ........•.........................•... dis.appeared
Ymh these v1шds. :As: soon в.в I got oiff the imin I knew this would Ье rrorn \de:W,
а spooial day in ту Ше."

1 ot aff t1i t1·ai11. 61 а 'ln:I Ь the. p!fird" Ьеl(щ· 1.

�Ф=:'
1 pi kcd ll1c ,wa\lcL 11р. pictll!lre ( �D) on ·� ti ·
��
[f, uпd th OHI r· dd Th ·r: • • ,uo • ··:>.:Lra picL111'
Не ,:vas ve1J 1:�щэру. , blcih) · п ,d!I ш'i rieed r_.. 11.
Не о c.rc.d m а rev.i ardL .FinaJ _r J ttn to tbe са е11е
1 found а \\\'all t n the. aLi n Ooor. and ,cfiock }г our ' 1 ·rr ,

.........._
1 , ahle 1О u. m .; lf u , ·at 11.
1 g.�.·e ln i m '� -' ,1ir llel. О \ а . [hund.eri11 апсl сш. Ы11
1 'П о 1Ье 01.111 11 ·r hnu е. О ·bin� green leaves
1 n1�11et-J i1 air,d ook d iп id . О <:Ulm wa er
.е. d the e·xttact. �tJa,,,.,, and fШ im the - р. "'ith, il!le Wi.n.kin- , ·ord!
О . lty. а . pra
О me.11 о damp fer
5
an.11 phrn�e� fr,nm а 11 ·1· ·t.
Ьejore, rn!l1/uall � т1ш111 .11ilc tм soo11 {15, sшitknl , aftt·r а v,Jrile D �1�i е fш1my •attr
Г!1 1) , ................................ ...... 1 arrivea at 1he Ьank I joi11ed UJe queue and D sparkH11g ligbli
J waited for my wm. 2) ........................................ , lwo men bu :sl. ll'iro1i11g е door. О loud car horns
and ran to lhe Gashie., s:hot1 ·!JQ louelly. 3,) ,..................................... we, knew
il,
ltie me11 hadl orced l:j cash ta оре=п llw sешиi[у door. 4) ...........................
.. ,
lhe ьал manager calred !l"le police. 5,) ............... ,,.,.,............... , w,e еап:1 the Ь , '*"fhir. b of 'Llic sшue i,I'.,
polJce car 3i en Ыaring, Ьut IЬу lhe lime ·1ney arnved, lfle roЬЬ8rs ,had rгft
tM igl1t, 1 rin�, meU la:sle
building. Тhе ро !ое ,с.hаэеа ltt.ffi11 .1nd 6) ................... ................... caught · em.
злd, ·touch hav ь� } 111. d
ю de: criЬ , iЬ pic. ture?'
62
 Unll 1D ,1rsr-perso� · oпollves

Vau сал use varioos past leпses л your sto,y:

pas[ ·s:Tmple, Lo des.crioo aCIJons which s!alit:ed алd erided ·ri lhe pas , or
actions whrch hэ_ppвrioo ·Orie а!юr the oth�r in the past.
e.g� 1 wenr t.o Рат 1нf nюmh.
1 tked·pвstt1rв·Ьsllk 8Лd••вnlmpostofffet1ta Ьиуsw,ю�.
- pasl. ,contJnu0-us, 10 sel Lne, 5(:ene or to desaiЬe � ·щfadions in progress �t
а. ce.rlain V & in the pasl.
e.g. n:· , powlng wnh RIIn th8t мnlllg. Wв fn thв lМrtg тот.
past ,perreet, ror мlions. w · Jc happened Ьefore other pas aclions, or tQ
gi\fe lhe Ьйckgro1.юd 01 the s1ory. e.g. I dвc!dвd to сап М1 JOtIOS ащJ te/J trl/11
the· tnJthгьоиt wnш lиl .t,a;rm.•
!М· mю

то
An irrteres,�ng bвginnrng is as mportaлt as ал 1n[eresllng endJng. Ал intereslIГ}fJ
Ьegjпriing vnll caf dh lhe· гсаdе .5 alitooюn aлij make him/her ·want ю 0011111:nue
readiflg. А ,good ooding will mm1s hirn/tlвr real satis 1ed.
Vou ,can SТARTyaur story Ьу:
а,\ us:lrщ your sonses to эв 1hв s,сепв and desoriЬe 1he wea1Jlef, almosp е щ
1

&uгmurкiings or poople,'s at;iJoris to creat0 myslery or suspense.

e.g, I QO/Jid hear !hв wfnd lюwling iJtШnd тв, ft Wi3S qufm dafk thвt nigh
ала Jt mft s&snge to Ье out lri the• wfldemш гл а/опа,
Ь) us· ng dl r•ect s,peвch. e.g. "A'мlys kюif. оп thв Ьdght вfde, ot те, ldr:m .., Mr
FrisьaJn !JSвd ,ID feil us.
а) aзklng s rhelor.1,ma11 �eslion. i,e,, а q :astian t/'шt does no r • 1
m,swer. в.g. №vв you вver trвvelltd Ьу l18ln О/1' а Wllm summer
d) ad1!'1J- - sing Uie ,e�er dlrect&y. e,g. 1·ат � YtJl1 {l]J kliow � а · .
е·) refening to �our feellngi ·ОТ m,oods. &.g. J was exhausted �=
ье,и paJлtin; walls в11 dгу.
 11) "Ъkh t d:Jniqo ' hll,'f' Ь сп
то u.sl!d iп e:aclil Ьe.gi·n111ffiцg 3111 d
il!lding�
You can END your :s Of'/ Ьу;
1

,aJ u,sJng direot speech. в.g. "1hank YQIJ, slr," tflв, Ьоу ве1d to·
� we W818
Ь) rtfierrln,g 10 уо ur fee11n_gs ,о moo11s, e.g. Wв wrs shN&nr19
trappy lй hava твdв п.
с) asklng а lfietorical quo,stfon. e.g. � dfd I hа.Ув т wJfer so much'r
d) dвsol'tblng pмple's ri a:ction 1.o/fiнl ngs a'bo111t the even1s dev�oiюd
1111 \he m1'1 п bod1 ,e.g. Му brofhet lmd Ьесоnю е tмзrо, of the ,day &nd 1
wа,.з s.wemвly prood.

l\la� h 11.h,· h • innin J ·i ·1tdo�atm)1 d k.,nd 1.1red

8 С illeir od'in •
а:[ 111.: pi1 • n revi ion 11ot �. 11 I
со Ldd ·tl1ink � •as., "Wl1y mt?''

1 11 \\':l.\ а \\Г. rm; ·ш:ш 'momin щ d 1

ill '\: •okc up [о t111:: • ou nd <: f thi; рhош:�
was а cool AUQ'U$f пfgrtt А.11 wзs quJe
t а ct peacв:rul iл my house as ту rf nti пg. The ( i on h oth 1r ntl
pafВnls antl G s:lsters were sleepfлg г11
lher rooms. 1 was l,i по rn bed,
tryirщ' to ra!J i!Zleep, of tbc li li1 ;" i mipl' • ·aid, ,. J u n. il'�
m Mect ше on. thc oorn r t11 �alf
. d е-ге pat1<1ng f or our :р, to an l1ш1.'
nirtg, I
2 н was а rreez ПQ co'ld mш
leav Q1 l"'e
Joar �; :;e m<1 on. 1 can'I wait to eniG'Y thв 1
Bermuda. 0-ur fli hL was
.
ho\ antl sunriy �!)фhег,· sal� Jo.anne

З Aggie алd I had Ьееп Ьогеd I оау а1 soooo«

ю sne.ak in о thв okf аЬалоооеа 1)1.Jse а [h. Аз we waшfered home wв declded
age 11 в forest. A!fh ough aur 4 Опе dmr 1 \'еПI 1 -hoo], 0:n th
�rerns
hгdl lnld 11s Пev!l D 110 м
we ooufdл 't rиisl the teiщ,tatit)J1 1 am
sше lha ,YOLr wшм have OOfle lfte same '"''а)', [ drashed 111, blkc. inLo н rre .
rr уоо had seen ·s house.
т1,' Ьik� \\.'EI badl. dвnщ c-cl ••.

5 ] wa r lly [i·�i.;d and w; 1 okiпg

(. l'\Vifl'd to I good ni g.b( .1 р.
щfdcnlv. J he.1rd а trnn -=
ming f�-ощ 1h fl' d�п.
А Relieved ·10 ье oack htime, 1 lit the fire Wr'li!e
Joanne unpз,�d our ngs, We
bo:lh �ised how lucky· we haa ооеп
. WШюut llavmg to say ал� по. we
1.шct·erstoщJ 11,•hat и, о her wa-s iпl'!ing,
The,e's по plac:-e like Mmc, 000·1 rou Ь Whicb nf tll · аЬ ,·е
щ;rвв?
l111пi11w:
ucky
- ile о brir:ks, we М n lrne"' how
В Aftвr Dt!iflg pu led au. from Ui'\tler
u,mр d ,of o1.1rsctve� и wc
we 11:311 ooen. Ws irere lruly ash� \, siлce au oarents wm�e nеге. lsr1 1
glan c!:d at th
, о
d waiШ'IQJ Ьet,lnd ·!Jm ence , , a sp� 1 1y DC
S-lly ki Joo U'!e tat? ly00
1
: :� ll'lal tLIГIO

с Back in my rrюm. 1 reh: t:onrused and'

edlnuiS'ted. 1 wasn,'1 sше if i� was а
moment а� or houгs ago wheл I l'ta[J Ьооn
lryin� о 1з11 asleep "1 mus1 llavг с) Rf\\711t IIЬ 1 ,а t i1tter. · ·1 i·п
Ьве-л d'reamlng, • 1 lhщight lo myse f.
i"nLroductio111 о in а1•31 оГ
Lltr teeЬ111i11iu, mcш·tioned.
64
 1О " ) Rt"·-d ,1 lte mllmic ашl ur1uerli111e th:e ·е., rord • Cben .ао"", ·er the
qu_l! ti�os.
А l)()pular magazine is holtlшg а shart slory oompetilioп апd you
have deoidedl to епtег. Уош story must end wilh 1he words "lt wa.s lhe
best day of ту Ше. � Write yaur story.
1 \Vl,o j51 going to reai:I your story?
ho i ·tht: ·tory guing н, he.' П1Л!l 1

• , ha h uld у ur· tщу Ь bouL.

�• d' a�1ruu. in i,J n1 · au'II nt,:; "t · 1 rgc:1
11, yonr Vi' ekl ' rnu Lin rit ,vork
а da11 '1 1tl1 ап uncxpoct dl, ood eпdin s:

Ь) Lo0,k 8iHh p1cturo.s, 1'.Ьсn 1'Cad lhc p[ot, line d pl!.I tbe
.,е�t(щ е int1..1 llhe с11_ ,11e--et urde,r.
- L Ь !р d 11er l1illlg llt� t re.
�1с goL me а (ront-row at.
- [ \ ' dri • no to а on rt.
- Afler 1пс oon · n J m-el the апd.
l1e,v

Look 0 1 1 lh • pi urcs ипd

tЬе 111ot li11e 111 ео 111plE!te 1he
rnle:nre5 beto,17. ]Ьt!П. li teU
th IOQ iп) ur о,н, ,,, 1r ·.

• Ot1 11io a l L �i.:ar, ["' , 011 ,n.' ,,.,

10 • ее m;i .fa ou it. rock Ьашl.
• ' вddeлly, ......................................... .

• ТЬе w man Lliз nke.d ш , U1en gat i lil 1

h r car · щ.1 dro е iIWD)',

• 1 ....., .................................................. ,

rt h 11.

\ .. , .. ,i

• \\'J1 11 i t fiпi h d. Lb. '\' m. n to k

mc l)it ·ks1.Jgc 1·0 m t ......................

1'1
 IT 1 Third-per:son Norrotiv1es
1 1'11.е pictшre IЬel. а·г, [rom а te;rJ ,about о n1Ьэ ,m in ш,d:d 1111� 1'�,, lo
"'
put ··1tem iп tlle rorr с-1 r,d r tbeo 1 tеп fo tbe са. t t1e ndl cb,eck 1our
.оп"· r • 1 in 11 ;, lu1111k t '111 pictures П1d rcj:ell 1h:c �шJ OS�IIII 1h, �·ord
pl•ra. е io �11 1. t.
tme<. п Jied, i11 а lшп • rtliei·ed. s/ig/Jt delay, етЬатz d

'fhf d--person rnarmlives ше w · en fn ltш ltlird person (he/sllt! hey/etc) and аге, rмJ ar
lm-ag.lnшy stш:ies аьоu aлother person or other реар1е. Li е а fi15 -person naлartive, а ......... - ... ...
ntrodudlon '

thlrd�perscш narralive stш ld oonsis of: Paragr,aph 1

�) ал i111r'DCl1.1clitm in w -- ii::h you set SOOfle, fwho w involved, tJme, place, etc) n зn
irrt'ereSting way о е reaoer- imagrne m.e scene а want 10 oon reading-; Set ·t1he scene
Ь}, а main, bady· consi.sling ol two or 1more paragraphs in w ,Jc you de'lrelop your [who - where - when •
story JX�sш1ling 11,Q е'Юfl!З in llie Clld'e H'lat they happeried: and whm)
с) а cancluslon, in ч ich you s.эу whal happened а! lhe end and refer !о people s
tee 1ngs, final cam е- 1-s CJr reactio � aln lod'y
Paragr,aphs 2 - 4

IDev,elop the, story

А popular Ш?-gazine· has announced а shorl story compelil!ion. Тhе story mus detalled descrip lon of е
Ьegin with tihe words: 'Аге уо,и surв it's saf€i?· Josh �sked his fnencl. WriLe уош even1s Jn he огdег lhey
story rог the cQmpetitian. happened1

1 \Vho · gain 10 ad yaur - l'Ol)r". Canclu on

• ••• • • ••• • •
2 ,; hicl1 f th (olllJ\\-iТJg ·hаш "! r( ) . lщul I уш1 Slt • 1 • 1 L•t 1 fi'nal Paragr,aplh
� u a.nd )1ОШ fricnd, J _ !1 В, в rnan/lю_ .c:alled Jlo 1:1 and his frie11d
3 У h.at h uld )1 ur tory 1х: аЬ 1.11'. end of· story,
feellngs. commen1s. ond
J h ра!· n D, an, C(idcnнhu .hap поо to J Ь and li friend reocflons

66
С J h utoblo-grnphy
4 What lшuld I пе. firnt cnternce of our · 101)' е? -
1 !,
 Uпll В Jhlrd pers

1 Wh: п; �·er. Jo ·h в,nd hi fri пd Marty'.

А В' · lak ·. · On а mош, шп.
.. � п t did th "У , ant.to g�t .ею ,
А ri er. В 1п untain.
Но did thcy rea. h th 01 h r Jd ?
· В), limhi111g . en<ie, R Bpv Lki11,tp1cro rope bridg •
,
\Vh t Ь ppcocd , 1 h 111 osh Ь ШНО � 1a]k 01Hh. brid . ?
011 of th • :ОР · , pp ·d. В Л1 \ i11cl ·1 rl d Ьlt ,\�l!lg "lro-r1gl ,.
..
Ha\V do у 11 L�вnk l1e tt� l,t?
·.и d. В R ·]iev· d.
6 \\1 J)at do. au tbl11k l1app а d to l1iш i111 tJi end'?
А Mart lн:lped bim g L ucr -· В, Нс fell i1:1 the ri\rer.

Ь �ead' til!Jc · to, rJ 1Шd imd 11111. wЬat hп.рр ol.ld1 to Jo h, in IJh end.
Tl'ьt'n I Ье tli рап_gt ph! · t·,ith 1h,t h adin • · 'Ь 11 п. Firn 111�· !
, 0Q11Ьtr ·Ute event. ro 1Lb. plol min,e iп tihe rorder tl ,e. .Ь . ppmed.
• ешJ of МО1)1, feel/1 aтid 1Ут1те111
• (/� !арт 111 of, to,y

d Marty, IPara 1
.. Аге, ynu sше it's safe?" Josh asked llis frie�
litlle горе Md 9e.
wtю was \1,1,st 3Ь[шt to step о 10 tne
1 1111..1.11 1 1 ·� ,,, 1 1 t I t4 , •••

lhem алd
�-= J.osll 1ooked dowп .at ttiв nver far beriea1Ui
only ау to
swaJlowed hard,. Un,turtш1ately, 1 wa.s lhe
- ge ,a.cross
re:зcn the Qther· side. so he knew they had [о
t)efoн1 it bвgan to get d'aтk.
1

y co116dentty
'"Laok, it's as safe as ouses, sэid Mart
Mar t y was saf�ty
as n.e put his foot опtо the Ьridrie. Once 1111 t i i,. •••
,. .... .. ..... .

IIO!:e: bridge
оп tie ,а , er э:Ие, Josh be,gan t:o cross. Тihe ........... . • � -· , , , .. 1 1 1 1 f

creakedi uпder h1S weignt, 1ш11юng htm even mor

e nerюus: [А]]] On� of ln тор . n:�ppc{I.
-
�
tьan hE alreзdy was. Не vas a1masl ha11' way
bтidg;e �,11еп sudd.enly one af lhe ropes snag ped
acrws те ..... , ......................
.,,. .. •••• ••"''""IIILO,liift,
[iO
&:О
м�г1)1 g,тabbed J 1 •
Josh �, п -'to U1 r pebrid
�a\fiцg hlm
.; JOsh streamed as the bridge fe11 to one side, ш]] M·:1rl ru · d lb-=, rid,g c ··,f�ly.
belo w ']S leet ..... .... ,,,,, ·- . ._.
tъaлg,ing over oie ·a$l�flowtng riv�r 1ar
2 .-�•-•

catml Hold on1" [I[J Ja h. clшtg ro 1hr tJ13r :.р .

тerrmeo, пе clu11g to U1e other rope. "Кеер
... ..
......... ,�'iii ...........

rв his 1r end · ,Ja.rt.· an I Jo Ь, wdlk� 1 а\ (rom

Many ,called ta him. Josh laol<.ed acros.s ta whe
,.. "'' 11111 111 1 j t•· ••••••

lly alom.i Lh� brklg

staod. Slo1NIY, na11� over han�. Josh ma,ved ,crareftJ
'••
••••••••"�"'"' r· . . ' .

·the rope untll ne \�as (;\ose enough Jor Матtу to

GгаЬ · 111m. Jo Ь movcd cardull)r alon� th
ti ng Dn \ne ro
S.�1e� on lhв oU'ler 5i�e, Jash lay pan ·
Ье aJive.
ground. 1'1е е1� eX11a1.1sted. but he was gJ,ad to , .................... 11 .. -11!1

"'Yes, l'm Ьо е 1he 't tl·1le ror tlle

Marty aske� �m lf he 1etl ne could go on. с)
1 а alJ,"' 11е rep!iвcl ЬгэvвЛу, "We'd !Jetter go. 11 will 'l)e dark ·�����-··············· ,t,or:,•.
� e аМ the
soari". The:y bJJUi set otf, Jeэv n� 1he Ьndg
еп,1уiп� lnci�en behlnd Uiem.

61
Unll' 11 Jhilfd-person Нor1o'I ves

5 1 ompMi.: Н1е enleпi,.;f: w1th

r
, erh friom the li t , iп lb
То ill'IЭ е y.our na ralive more irile esШ'ig to lhiHeacler, you sho-.Jld;
ampL ·.
• use а W!.riety ot adjec:;Uves ,c1r a�11e11Js, s chi as maginauve, vondв.rtur,
cauJiously, &lC ins!ea;d of :srmpliS:1iii::: ooos such as. �,св, good., wr:tlJ, etc. ,w.mde.rщ ll1rcnt,.mfd promi:sed,
в_g, lnstead DI: .kJhn is .а good Ь-оу with иiсв· Ю'ваs. ,admitled, • C!f!tmtetl, remin.tled
уои сап wrftв: JoJan is а gre t Ьоу with wontlвrfш fdeas.
•· use, а �riety а ·verl)"S sш.11 as wondered, screamed, whit.pered, е1с to 1
1
h.o : cu.t mc [h. е bcau1ifu!
\
avrnd usinи :said а11 the lime. 1
flowe ?' А1ше 1,'0mlвrd а. !1с
e.g. тшеаd oJ. Wrtpl" hв a/d. open d rbe rmВIП 1card attarhed ·ю
уои сап wn �: Нerpr Ьв sем,т_ ,
t ti boa1qu 1
• U.Se similes i_e_ mtpji�ons wnich descriЬe peopre, or· things Ьсу camparlng
2 ''0( cou_rsc 1'11 11elp you paint th
them to sameo е ot somelhing. e:1se.
e.g. She l'lll 1/k-e мв wfnf1. № was- quJ I а
• uм presentar pa.s,t pa!t!cipres to join l!iIO simple senleш:es inlD oшэ· looger, ist1.::r whcn hc caHed.
more sop/11&\k:зted se.n!erюe_ 3 о ,, don't forget to pkk up m
в.g. fnstead ot-: Ив tvmвd on thв 1/g�t. Не saw sотвопв iл· the тот. ti.ck и frnш t.h · trav I ag, nL.
уои са.п wdte: rumtng м l'Ьв Ugh� llв, .saw sотвоов thв mom. т Susan ...., .............•...............• !Зо'Ь,
lnstsгd иfi Shв wав mllвvвd. Shв fвlt thв роl!св вtвtioo.
4 "Rt tn. епу! ltUJ1. f er! "lom
y,ou СШI wтв: R ' · , shв tвп tЬе polоо stнl/oo.
..................................... be. lioп lсзр
over '1е пкk. .
4 а , 'fhe ·ftUo, ·цg dije j .. о м1 ·es11b сап Ъе ·us-oo • • tead of о ller .5 li ymi tcJI a:nybody \\�1at l1appcш�c:l
. i.rup1i li оп _ • Put U1em jп d1. t:.i'lmtt IIO а i1 d1e tXЛ11t'lpl11:. 1'11 oome after )1ou,'' Lile. mшri ....... ,.. ,.
...-..... ---.. -,------ Da and В 11 Ь fore
sligi1t, 1·ем, ei•il. blg/1ly. Mppity. тмsм. de/iglllfid, w,'mwly. и«es.ф1lly, hc dro'l'ё i1way.
Jюmblr. ,пiлiашге. riщ,,. rnm«nшblJi pl(J;, 1Шtisfuam:rly, aЬsoluldjJ ,б ••у е. [ t ok tl1 diJ:.c but. J Ь ad Ш)
fab 110111. р/, a1aJ1t. l1e f 1miЫ,, rickm uzomroш, m1rr1r( 'f'
remic. choire!" Мr РеП}' ..................... , .....
10 Rach I y,1he11 , 1с а i1 lyiпg оп
вю .lli ,d

.·1ALL
==.а<· 6 Makb о 'u:nin · 10 Column
ьдп, В. to, c-oщp!l!t d1.e imUe ,
GOOD 1 СЕ iп tlle е; mple .

VERY 1
Сд[·umп Co,]umn В,
w . 1 as ·wI1H.e. as . А. а I af
2 to � im like'
ЬаЪу
11 t3JI � tЬ • ,�·o[il 1. i:n: tlt · •м1сt 'Ьelow ,,,-,di ,uiш.ble uo • · frum rtЬ ·
3 to cry Шее с � hce[
to :rnп li�e
Ьо t. аlю� . D .а Ь е
5 Ыас'k
Е 1i1.igl1i
r
6
7 .a.n ,ох
s а ·Lroцga. iG .а fi 1
9 busy н а d;;w;r
Jo, Lo 1:шvе <11 [ а. ie ,
п ,noryli J rl1ewind
1 ......- ......., ""' 5 ••••••••тm•••••••• 7 ................... ,
4 --···-----------····- (i ----------·······----- e,g, 1 =С
 Ь) · . с imИ io, ·omplcte tlhc 1е111 спсеs. 11 ш1 Jbc с nmpЖc.

l lt wa .................................................. пignt i idc. 1hc са с. J f:f laokcd for

h' [OidrJ.
3 : he cricd: lik:c ............... ..........................� .......................... \vlщn .11е hea ,t! Lh
bad пеw.
�. 11,е cMldr _·п � erc.... , ............................... ,.......................... 1 ·' hcJping 1heir
par n. prepa_r th - gard n for ·t.Ьс р. r1.y.
5 аНу w Ciared tl1a1 he. v.·a ' hukiп l! Пс,е .................. .................. , ........ .

7 FШ tl' е ,co,rrect syn(шyn1, or a·n·ton}11i fro.m rbe li. 1. 1n :011 rl "rtk

of, n I о Ь.. � to a.dd to he ·r, Ы .•

bared. excited. �vonied. xared. ure, tШg,J', d. 'Prшtd

thriНe.d 1 .............................. d�ppoiпtcd

m1Xi 11 2 ............................. . re} е
m· ai>'lc 3 ............................. lad: . . 1 'h ЩIS rt·lii.'\"l'a Ьссс lW f 11' 1
ш ur-c 4) ••.•••.. ,..,,,.,,,., .• ,•.•.••• llDnt· r.

frighiened бt .............................. Шl fraid 8 1) FШ iri tlle :· р \Wth the

С,0( " !С,[ a.djedi'fi'.e or аmгеrЬ
1 4
anno. cd 7, ................. ,............ с lm
from th li � .

ь of tJt.·. реп esr \.• ' •

мg,лl)', b1..,1ыif�I. t.·,olmt"tft-ll,
jpldm
а to ilile examp.lc.

1 relieved \ ifi d D 5, et1nfu ed

о ] oould .ее th 1 ...... ,...................
2 a:m�ed О 4 amused D 6 excired u n1igh'I. 11 ami11g tl1roцgl1. thc
2 ................................. Ьed[oom
сшt in 1 11d I lrne� it w oiпg
tob-a3 ............... н .....................

su ntmer' da " 1 lay thei:, f ting

lee.P)' fш а mo'ln nl unв1 1
·\tdd.enl veni1cmL)ered , nat dJ:
it W3 • 4) ..... 1 .. ,,.,,.�5-........ ,••••••• ,. ......... .
i jumpcd out of d .;о
d·v ed. l \'i"<i, т �· fl)
adir entuш to � ·n.
 Dnil 111 lhir1d-oerson №nrro1·11es

11 а Tl1e rolluwing, para! rapl)

1

aro i1om ai
s:[�li)' пhout а
............ tiired as I t pped into 1:Ье
в J fel! 1 ...... ..........................................
.. col'il' r, rtable h u t11a1 l � \ er
1
jФu.m� ·• Piu1[ lliem i:n the
1:) ..... � ................................. ............ ...... corr,e t oo-,cter then. an \ · 1
11t а н1а11 ver, 11.I1ed ro
lli ught l J sce. ,1;ai11. Fil[ed \'i�t.h rtli f 1h· 'tlte que 1ion
,-;,.......... \' ·11,k out m)т mirid. Who
put tl . d11y 3 ............ n········" ............
............................. .
,vuu'ld ha ,е u d t\1at :нl, ' · Ь ucla 4 .............., .. [А[] А helpt1ul air s1,ew
- ard вlp.�d
�c:-h а ni.gbtmuг?
Ьcgumin oould ave. tom , il'I[ Sh.Yon into lhe icy ,чater. Sharon wa_s
friQhtened because she knвw · ,he
nlgМmare w,as n ot о er yet.. Sh�
started s\ immlng to vards �пе I ghts

1 Wblch pan of tory i еас·ь paragrap1i from 1

u
ею е shore wiith aill ner slrength_
[[С] Hom ed, Shaюn re·aMedfha
2 [o,v d the , i't r · е :1 iп each pmgrap:Ь'f
tne plane wa.s going 10 1orasll.
Pass,eлgers were s,cmaming, 1щ�
9, nlfe:rHne tl1e comct atl,•erl . shouring. Sharorr put her head

m
1 Eflen c-Ieamed ав .iJyfpol!iti at the bu dri cr to muve uut of her '\\Рс,1у.
between her knees to prntec.t hersetf.
Т11еrе wu а пеа eлing nois-e as 1tle
' ВШу spoke ru:del-y ·a"ua l)' ш Ll1� h.eadma 1er, о hi:, а .. нspen � fmю
J)farte crash"JandeCI in 1iш sез.
!1 ol for а ·cek.
� She g rabbefJ her !ife Jackв1
J Th [hief cr. pt ш1i ·iJ /silrп1fJy Lhrougb th hou · boping L�iJt ,
,\itlU ld 11 · r мn1. from under her &eat а- rJ jiшlred it over
4 Т11 шшg ma.n hзпdis. slнюk II n•o1:1 1, /oonrfк1emrli)1 as th poHceman 11er heз.rl. The jnside of the· plane •1as
ask tl t 1 • bi lri,\•i 1t1g li е.11 -. dark 1:шt she man�t ,e:tl to folJDw the
:5 .В forc thc pia.ii took ,off. th ра ng .. rs 11 t d icit dl.)1/nii. ei Ы. floor lights to the e�it.
аtюш t11eir l101idla, •
6 Jш:n ca1m'ly- urriwll1}f gr..1 Ьеd l1i �шdwi 11 Ь , l'd.. 1 his muщ
goodb · а, d. rnn �о й1 • 110 J bu '1.ihich .\1 а, alrea:dywaitin,g ou.l ide.. Who i th.e. main сhигс1с1е.r of I he
tOI)'? \Vnei:e i ne/ 11. '?
.З '\ hat: i. l1appcпino?'
1О Joio 1he scnt�ooes ш,iog, p!I' - ш or р� ·1 palfti ip� • ·, 3 Нш'I' iБ Ь he li lilg?
1 li lo tl n.!1e 1.kl()J. Не neзrd m оп re ш iпg. ,4 '\ hicl, р,Щ or rl,c rщу are tb
Clo ilzg 1l1e door lie heщd .5r>теощ: scnюi11iJ 1g. �mgr.aph from?
2 Sh . \\1 а ,rorricd. . hc dccided to c•II Lh locnl ho j 1al.
Wo-nitd, s/1e decided 10 coll 1111 loc.al /10.spi1aL ·ь 110
0 . ppr:oix-nnte ph..
И Гell ю hi. k:11 -� Не.. Ja·11ed erying. fnm ЬcJu;.- t,o ,vrite Ute
co:ncJus.io:в of tbe · or;·.
4 Thcy � · rc \Vl)i р nng. The. walk с1 up the tair...
• hi\ l ering witb oold
5 Не \\1as frigbteп�. Н rali ·ed по пе w uld belp bu 1. • relaxed rn1d calm
• dance ·ще ni _ '11t a,vay
• rav.1.I onto ·th Ь а h
,6 Н : iood t th d� . of lh Шf. Н \ . at h d tb 1пagn ilke.nt uшct.
• r�a h th i:nd of tb,e [unnel
• ехn;ш -1ed I ui rc:licvcd
7 11� \\'ils оо i:п:d \ ith u wш1]1 lanke·t. he Гtnall fr:lt • afc_
• ane of tbe lшppiest days iп hi er
8 11 w.1s annoj16d.. he gath r d п . r thi i:щ · and t ft tl1 rоош. Jife
• 11.:rri ying е, pene.nce:

10
 12 ,.1 Read 1.lt l .•ginniog. О • 3) a111d п at., L1 11�1ш1 ·1:11 tl rorm t
1шlili111g.· , п ·, ,, Wl:Jkli patr ,d'u yuu cuns.ider lu Ь • 1Ll1· , wo.r (�; \r\1 h1 ::

[П] Ti11;1 at• 11� l 111111 т w.•H1r {1 i,1 11 rmr · :,; 11 W-dt1.:r ·
nigh r а: urt1d tlн� rn. Dшй wor.ryl r111t1ink of sorш}I hlin
broLhcr п Г\'UU -,v.
_ l'n1 ure. щ ml kп r.,;• wb�·1 it 'eel, lik to ,швlt reacl11 t'l1 • end r а
j 1.11rn '.1 1tungry nnd tirec onl t f'ind th t 11 od. · 'l'n foryot•.
[Ш m ! 0 Ноо,• do ;ou lhink 1Ь telt,
J ·ugg tcd Lh I l1e and Ы [r1 11d g сащрi11� � r 1,1, k пd.
,-vь
1

IL s ·ешеd Jike ·1 ood idea. Н t d , }'011 Lh.iпk 1.Ьс. sa.id to th

1.мрlаiв','
а Л& 1 va.it. d r tl1c 1a:i i drivcr, 1 lookcd aro1!1J1d rпс (ЮС ]a.i;t tfпю, 11 pir1
(о: u famil'tiir (;ic-e. '" herc i i;;veryon •'?" 1 wtщd ff· . Ь) lt 3,d tll 'ПrOI Ь ]01 and
1
· t1 th · re CUi? , rkc h lp�d 1f1cn1 f( thc ro f and i,nto tl,c L'l'{Юt. hi: р11.1 rl1 ,· 1 1шt ilil iJ1. onl.
.ai !, 1'h11 wa mart cbl111ki11g оп our )Юrt, n.' tl1")' h<0111p cnt:d,, Lou1k at 1 Ье
с Th. n. :.т ntomi n . t h • ЕО t down, rl1. ir i nt and, • nt Ь k h m . pi wre. ther11 11 е L�'le , oti.,
· шJ 'OW" 11'0 l."r:5 fпы Ех.
i 13,1 t, r�telJ tl_e ю 1�)1r').
[h, \\ bi lll 1�1 nitiDrg, t chmiar11, if .amy) blliv Ьсс.п, used in , -п, Ь ,оос'!
R.ewtite 1U1 _ "'o�t pui r 1U.i:11 , • u i ,lJI le \\.-;ri'l:iпg teelшique.�.

13 . quc !10111
[А[] l.i!· с1 · E"mocm - d е с I dr Jra;,e -
sta и:rо I g ()ck - ,eal'ъe­
·N ai ar i,· - rapped
[][] er: "1 s li�e parad1seJ -
pi! е � uri а, f - с ildrr
1dl)' а · с1 !awim
[QIJ оа а % harЬa:ur - inc:re iЫ>'
r.?liPV-�d - hJл� .::ар dlll
ho �unny day- Harc!y f111miiy -
ip о asidE' - find dP-sP f'd
\У111 r 1:imc ,f )'L'ar \\1 а it? 3 What Y.'l!re [11. p�OJ>I dcjпg?
bf!'ack
,, , 1.о 'ЩJ lnink 11,' pl."L!plc: i11
pictur,c \lirere?
4 D ' u Ll1iл li: 1 пе-у \VC·r� h.i11\i'i111g
ood rьшс?
[Ш r fflldiП .aur,s
Ь - �de а
h1;1п1 цр

14 R.rad Ll1e tiUllлric and urпdlcтlioe

Y,our 1tacl1er has asked you to

5 91 \\'h Гound U1em? wt ite а s ory whic m st. d
6 V 1,а, �1ap1)'ii:n 1. wш, the \•1ords: "The!I decided to
Do ycu Lhink ·1l1 • \11' re in d:angc,r. Ьв тот ooteful пм ffme." W ii0
s
8 l (Q . ,dt u tl,ink 1h • f lt? you story ( 20-1ао \' orct).
71
 UNIT 120 News Reports
1 Lo k 111 the fаЫе Ьето , ·tl en ii ttп. io me с. s ,ett · ш.11 "dk (;/) :11�
inroТJQP io11 men.tiomoo. Finпlly,, е tbe abJe to repoliil. H'Je е eni de .criЬed.

тuesooy n ght О rosl r,lght

О
lsland of Sl·Frnn О ls.and of P,epc;o О
cnl tont�r Jt r<>cks О ol\ tt1nke1 e?IJ)lode-d О
c'hemlwts 1.ва�и:d lnto ·S'ва О oll loafcвd Глrtо seo
О
SQal;)lrdS.. wllCI re rюrmeel D seoblrds, w lclUfe Ulilf'IO.rme<II D
Co.mments and
ас�м,tо Ье
rnюch no\rl closecl
D
laken:
D
flrsl I me foced such о,
D
one •O:f ww:sl :.ituaUon5
sl ;uolion еvш [ai;;ed

News; reports are shorl pieoos of wrШng abou curre.nt events whfcn are or i ·terest la U,e,
p.ublic (e.g. nalurв! di,sasters,. э.ccidenls, polilical о; Sporls events, social eve: ts ,!'!'!с). Тhev
are tormal мd impe sonal i slyl'e and lhey preS,e11t lacls ассшаtе!у, objeclive-1y and
unemotian�ly, Therefore, 1.hey do nal mclude lееГ gs or cha1ty descriptJoos unl-ess lhese
зге part о someone's commen s quotecl in airвt1 speecri.
А news ffifIOrl shau!d coosisl ar;
а} а. stien, ,e,e-catching lieadllne:
Ь}, an lm1rocl11ct оп wl'1Jch s.u · ma.rlses he even ·, glving informatlon зьоu the tim.t.
place and people, mvo�ed: lntrodudlon
•• ••••• •w• •••
,с} а main body consis t g of two or mare paragraphs Ln which U,e even s descriЬed n Parag r,a,p h 1
deta1I, 1nctudJng1 шtormatJon зЬоu! inctde111s ал the people ,nvolved; and
,d) а corno1uslon wh lnc dез people's commenl:S on the even aclionts) 1.О Ье 1а ,en summary of the event -
and/or tuture developmen!s. wtюt/who/when/wheгe
News rcpor[s are fout1d lr, newspapers, magazines, e·tc. You flarmally use pas!
tenses.. lлес pass,iv, e· алd арр opriate repoJ ling verbs in lnis type ol w, · ·ng. .aln·······•11•
·od)y .
Pa1rag r,aplhs 2, 3; 4 •
2 Read t!le r 1br:ic nпd underrnin. ·lhe ke. word ,h !!'! • о. wer th� qru,e" Lion, •
1
destrip1ion ond deloiled'
rnf or mtrtiQп aboul eve 1,
You work for The Brtdgeton Hera1a and мv.е- ьееr, asked 10 write, а news report people involved е:,
a.ьout а young child Who reoeived an award for bravery. ln:Olude"detaJls зЬоut me
re-aюn the award was give.n and infмnation аь,ш1 tf\e pnze,givi:ng ceremony. Conctus'
•• • i,on
F lna I IP,aragroph1
,. .
1 \\1 1ю i 11 oing to read уош· report?
А yuur � 1 ul Гri nd::; ,corrmens. andlor adions
В read rs of tlic nQ\v, pap"r. ou work Ior to Ье 1· and/or f ure
deve/opmэrns
2. WL1i :ь of th fo\10, in houtd )'OU.r nв 1 ,ю1 . abaut. Gi1,, rc ns.
.А а m n \ h .а d 1ii!d froю lm\,rni11g � The rorьer f oon Ьod\i
В il оу whu ri ketl L1is ov. 1:1 lji to \'С n. · faLner
1 paro;Jophs mзу ату
,dependlng on 1t1e ,wrrc.
а w rn:iш wlш toppe,dl .а bank: robbe])' fmni takin[!Т plarc
1'2
 U 11 1

• ·�. bkh of ti1c follO\Ying mim :you :includ iп )r our rtk[ 1 Tick ./ .. Ь nderJine Hi . ,-,�rь - ш tЬ
А wh :n and whe:re ·th , ar,d ccr,eп1ony ·took plac О ра • i е. \\ 11,1.cl r,ep rгL 11
1

ne- D
. ,еrЬ • h fe Ьw111 (1 .d iп fhe
1

В, D de e;rJptlo,л of )fOUПg ei,ild appea_r 'ПОС'

repor\t'. lп � h 1сЬ p:;.ra"
• why tl1 - aw:· rd � · · pres nt� О mph( ) ,llf they. lu ( ·
D tl11.: wt.·11her 1:п 't'h • jay оГ tl1t: c.'eremшt)'
'
О )'UUГ OiПr S\H�li.

In wmch pa:rцgr.apb 01 :your repor . ou1d you· giilr · а ricf u,1111mary оГ th

с- лt? t· Read l:lJc IJ)fjJOd нgвiш� DDIII
� ln y;•hich par.agmpb hould. ou incI1.1d р opl� oomп1ents on Lh е . n11 ш е ·ord Cmm LЬе li ·L to,
110111d, nн u, l\torl. form . _ П{){Joial l;шgш1ge? cJ1atty rip:linn.,' Н {IОщрМе lie [Pllmы!s IК!fo •
ю, \ hвre iп your r porl hould m1 usc [htm'l' Theo,, t,lilk аЬ,JШ , liat
bappened to, 'fhoпt DaJdn .
а 110 tl е · - mpl1:.
3 u,) Rw,d №'h mc-11· rniюrt lэcl1 ., иш1 fafшl tl!Jc :p111ragrпp!h·, \ itb !h "
co.n rt 1Ь acUn 11 -· р11r,щп1шf. ri ked, rлте,
тсие, oнltd. rmppid
• реср/с' commmts • dtsmpti'On of Ciftfll011J brai,,'Cl)r, i11fc1tm1l. a1,ed,
• яш1та1. of Vt?Ш • feiJ-SfШ fOI' QWDJYf d1li!Шkd' ШJ '1Ш

1 'i\•3.,� 1 1th an а.� ar

rded z aw rd ror 1111•••1fllllltifll!!lllll!!l!l!!l'ltlllli1'1!•••111!1!""''"

3 rhe dcci ion ...........................................

4, ................................. bi" f�tl1 r' li.!i
1P,ara 1 •
....................................... his own 6fi ,
1i tm«I}' с)/
i'.'Cf:ll
li .__________ .. .. _________,,,,._ u.111der а boulder
1 ....... ........... ,...................... Ь hi. i��
1 8· ,. ................ "' ......,., ••••.-!"'''"'!"""''!···· .. cam
,,,,t

'9 ...................,................................... l11nch

Para 2
1 01 ( he ·F:Ve.Dt \\',ii ••••,.lt .. ,,,,
нrе
1 ,,1.,,.1111 , , , , , , ""�"""

11 ........................ �.......__........, .._. l\i.

..
о ... о 11 О 1 ',,..j, ...... ....

.... .. ..........
, ,
,
, .. ,,_.
e-g. � кw�w!Jh м mmrd Ьу
diemi'J}IOf.

РаnЭ,
••
1м1111 ,,..,.,1 ••••••••

,......., .••• '!•······"''

1 .... .. .
................... ,

. ..... ,11
..................

.. � 1 "11 1 1 1 1
............... .

......... .._.. ,,.111,·····

 Dnll 12o I ews Renorts

Ь ri'le а �•1if.1l1le inirt dueLi11u

А lrleadllшз, is .а short sumfi1131)1 of what lhe repa is aoout То writв а headl ne· :ь
ro:r tbe ad!li:n,e \\.ЬiсЬ, оо
us� the p�eseni simple· fo-r r-ew111t ,events:
f'ACIOffi' �ON' DAМAGES ТО ' l"'has damaged/damaged) F
use t<1·i111ftlnid11e to descnЬe а M111re, eveni LOCAL I OOПWl 1!АМ ТО 6
Fl.Y Т1О IТALУ FOR CНAМPION.S' LEAGUE ( is g rig to fM
11.Js.e ю Ье, + 1past par1ilciplu whe:n using llle passive voice- to describв а
fulyre ,GYenl: ТEACHERS' JIJNNUAL .tEТING ТО11ВЕ I ЕШ lN AUGUSf
(- s gQing to Lю held)
1wse a,bbr,evialions liko UI<, USA. U ESCO
UN RESCUES НOSТAGES IN SIERAA LIO Е
om · f I stops or со mas, artfcl�. pronouns, аu:кШеJУ ve s and words
eas�:t u derStooo rюm cori1ш!il: Sl:VEN INJШll:D IN П1А1N СА№Н
("" Seven people w,er,e injшed iil'I � 'trn· orash.)
om·1 111е verb ·1.0 ье· when using1 the passi1.1e to e-sai .·е ,а past evenl:
YOU G, GIRI. SAVED BV RESCUE WO КERS ( = tas save

tenn' i'nto Ь adШi:n

ошh v. found оп · lrnin , hri i1 w " he;t li 1g f эr nclщ'I. · \ ·rd1ty

n1or,L1ililg. Bomb I unil 1П lгJiG he..idin rш LD11d !)
2 Мап fa1 · '"''ere i11jured at ll1e � l(ltball ша1сh.

.2

4 А Lсаш of lo I li111Ьc !! :acli , th �Щi о . Mount Е r 1 1 thr

1:i'clock terday afterno 11. • Pfl . tнtion, Нсnщ
8 �tl.. f l! 1 lt1un lied frorn Ot. pc
5 Thi 1:ш · Ьс n .:1 brillirш[ , · ю for Жаn 11 ter rii't ·d 'r1101I all t1 • Kenned. )' terda)'
• rслшiи� in orЬit аrшшd сш1h
6 А. 01.1n iri r� cued ner brotl,. r n, ome kidnappe ·. n :tei bt mo·n11J

7 J'tin tlll ritemce lbell.W w ш

5 .а . n.1rh rhc Ь:1:21.dl iш: - to Lhe pttra i; р'Ь, Тh 1 • is l}JJ • · ·,�lru headliш:, llmc ·word io liJr-acke

,П ь

с:ацglн � t r,day.
1 frо1п J.ашасю'

14
 Urni1 ·120

мw reports, ke narralives, 1н�:· ::

danmge, Jшck, i,amele&, са 1шlli evems та happened in the ра-�·
Howe"JeJ', е style is, d' eroo
эl.е t ... �� .............. t ................ writi11g а repocl you stюu1d:
Ьеg" мth asurnmary,oitne ev
include ас.еш,аiе teёts
usв formal an-d impersonal styfe
1.Jse the pass№
use ,�1i1,rec,t speech1 to quoi.e: wt,a.t
� le паvе said and rieported
sрввсh to rephrasu people':s
commenis
- Th \ еп i JuV11•ell чу · !1 р ort 1a·io lreet �va ..........,.................. 1 !е
un la I nigbl. Ti)C bu.rglw Ш'11П,8f';Сй Lo gl}t ml.o l11e building v,ri1ho1.1[ е. wming а story you stюuld:
1iing off Lh ,6 01t td �llt ��L\' 1�.
' 1,n11ll11l11111i11lli11tliil,tift,III tt 1•t•t.t••н11t1tH,,....... ЬЕцin Ьу setung the scene
use c'hatty style·
use short ·ronns. col oquial
,expresэ[ana, va 1)101 adje(:live
ildv,e;rЬs
refer to I е w.ritersfchamclem'
reelJng,s,

9 М· rch dtc begimnings 10 1

rh� �rнl imgi . tbtn ·_ 11 • •r ·Lhe

qu.e tlo:n
goofs t'l!le.brmn1 1 Гl'ridem , cllllmpioш/1ip, 1·icto1)'

� J4 ·�·········=········.... of Brot::k10111 ran l.hraug]n t.Ье , trool !,al:c laьl nigb.1

IJ]J Gyc:
u ••••••••

1 LI, Х (J 111t d'. 1 6) .................................

. Ne� Simms, a�ed 2, is
а ...... ,,.. ,.., .. ,., .. , .. """""""" ., •• , ..... ,.. • 1

m·1.: r Le d " llh ug;h .u � rc lo iпg _ • О. tb у m ,щg d w oorc

1
reoovering ln hQSJJ al a:rter ье,лg h,
1 in injur:y ,in1e о \\'in the 11S .,.,�.... yeslCrda}i Ь:у а rorry Ьe:Jong, to
1
.
Sw,_ ny Dвllve g
ry,
········••i1111111111.t"H�iit,tf ,!!t•t•t;tlllll!•ltll"!t••·нн•••••• ..

l
1 ) \ n�i ,h оГ 1 1 eitrad· аЬо�·е � tt was а зшmу .attemoon а d Nel
е rom
� s�mms was cycling поm
n t 'd .nt? sclшO,, не Jas. n1nk!ng abl)u hls
ni'i
в·tl'!lfa.l 1 ·r·� н� l)Jans tог i�e. v,в е:М зоо he d'1d11,ed
it
s е , 6 del "'Ш'I юrту wti ioh р
out ·from а side· roa.d.

X а Net1;s cfa� smUed. -п, nk ijoшr ess

[]О FANS CELEBRAТE SUS'S!E S TRIUMPH' you re IJ)iлg !о tie alпg 1, ne said.

1Ш] JEWEUERY, llQPBUR'GLED 0 Р(] ·ое амооосеd tha.\ 1hВ arwer ",
ье ,c:nan,ed wltn ct.1.ng1:ГOUi5 dri • •
1

Ne:\l's tatl1er s.3ld inat ls s.011 i. a.s

D![J RE'SID! ТЗ ЗН�КЕN - to Ье аJ'че.
 ews Rеро.Ш

1 l'ir • d ·tю ·td on of Lhe mшrешп - �пом E1Jlu..1Ыe р· inLin,;; ·

ь
Z \\1 \wl giv II priz to th . ·y.'fi ei: of the Ь. t .slory.
language.
d hicli emact� oontain rolloq1 ial
laпguag ш1joctives andl slюrt fuПil51
4 Hea.vy slorm hit the easl: ооа I of the i land late las:t 11igbt.

t·O Reall 11� .. f!D'litnoe l)(!)o\\ and

ifieiP lnhi: \'\olJrd or tpb.mscs iiп 12 Rtad tЬ-· int Г"tJdnci.i@п .nndl oo.n. Lu -' um ,t· th.e п� repui.1 beLo,· aod puiL
bo!d "ith, 1t)1,o е gi · 111 in Ье I i t. he \•erЬs i11 bra ker · ·nto th oor.r,ect aeitive or ра пе tm . • Тhев 'U.Se
Ье pictш вdl prompt ю п�
tl1 maim bod I of tЬ: . r ро11.
рл1i fwiou
rake п tion, corrm1м1,an
prest111td wit/�, ,tш�ittf afl
I01QWli:'llge Q/,
eiitJ11.r;/ mjwr.d,
S1.rjfrriлgfюm r.r}umstiml,
udmiftвd Гf!lijJ(.msililiJ Jrд
rtfiLW tt) COO/)&Т lle willl • bomЬ/)}ideДar •е
hoppi11 bag(l fi unde"
Е TJ1e Mayor af Lo,,d П. \ ood1,)1 Ьс11 .11/
lшrt in an aticid nt rJ th пш!оrwау platform 2
ус t rda·. • i /reporvЪ I se11ge,r r.

З Th уош.1g. Ьоу wa: . 11.(l(d he w:a at -:О am.

goud Qf \V Nl.i Li ht�d. ,dQn .
3 The factory O'vn.er refu d to ·',t)'
· m:ythi1ng alloul Lhe t ry •
.i1 Local � orkier.i are nrgry cJOO'IJII [Ье
:pla:n.
.5 Нета ,rentuaПy re c,ued f:rom tl1 • po,lice i11r1rn diat Jy/
с · whcn hc feeLln · ,fr:J' dred. е acuaied, ·13tio11 while/
6 Thc-y arc pиtting pr � 1.1r 011. L11 explo iv, s cxper:tsl r.alI
ovc-mn.1cn·t to ,do ome1t.ini. . • 11 ooyЛ1urt/in i11,cid 111L
N i·tJ1er Sмw no,r D1 in\kin · alid
tlil:e:J' had! ca'ui. cd. rhe accid nt.
Fa nwtll wэ. gi e,n an :.wa·rd fбr l1i
ontribu1ion.
No o:n-e, knows who з) .............. ......................... ,(lea:ve) the ЬоmЬ .at: ·d, е
9 _\1r G, ·ton · id. sbe Jшcw notb • ng
mation апd polioo do, n.ot l<now why В:runlon1 4) . ____ . ________ . --·__ . _____·-- ___ ... ·--
аЬошl the toten pa:intiпg, - - "W"· �,
(choose',
. .... .-1iv.,.,-
1• Oi, .,_.., ... ..,..,..... 811..,.
"' G. .,...,..�,.. - ...,..,., а 1d
...... ,ng s" · 1· , "'::а11; '"""'"'""'"'"'""'"'""""
1 The mап , ho w.1 �i:rresLed. -3id h •
(want) to speak to peopte . tho Wite· in ttн,, area between 6:00 and 7:00
W шd IJIOf Ь: ·Jli) 'the polioo.
thls moming_ lfyau 6) -··-···-··-·-··---···--·--"-·····- ,(notloe) ariything unusual,
or if you saw anyane with а ьrowr, paper shapping ,bag, pl�se call
Brunton poltce station on, 895 _41117,•
 13 14

promiш:d denicd, infimncd

re-/U."iW1 l11ШQlltlC/!d, t."й/tlfl11!:Ш rl
1 '1 gi,1e you. m. word rha:n I will do
vcrytblng in. my ро er to help tl1e
vicriш· or [lн:. �1rthquak , , id 1he
а or at t1 е pr oonfere:ne--e,

• ТЬ mмagci: or tJ1 ac1.o,ry. Mr G 1

Graha·m 1 id, .. J ,vill !ПОt 'EI!

1

•••••••' f,f ! ,-.-1 • •.

u • hi••••••••ill

aпyH1ing, until 00 haY all th fa 1 ''

'"""' i 11'' �1e••• •••t111

• Wht1.e
••••ill'I"'"'"
111111t,f--J''' 1 e,fl�t••.,�·-
r l'! ••••h•f••••,..,.a•
•••
·"1111111111''""""•1
• ,.._,,,ttн,••••••11•1111"

t, Wlrere:
. .
....... .....
·······""" " .... ,. • • �, .... .....
.......... 1 ....... ��-··
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.
.. ..... - . .. ..

,, \ bat: · 1ш re m.u i i.:tub ·ope,D �

J

З · l'lcn пс ·w штestcd' lr m'ilh DEТAILS

• m: fn:n н1rted qш:u'ng �•t ·ide cru -
ат\,·
aid 1 '1 dM11't l�k� the rnoney :i- lh.e

.,..,..-----
gold.'' ,у . ond •r х1 - Ыа ILmoLJ in - " ign _ н.utagraph
Club opemed doors
. tmder on li.:Jg-
__
.....,,......,_....................
COMMENrТ,S
� Doct,o:r Oodfre.>' toll.l щ The • c1lllb uwn r Marti11 !.О\\' - "J
.hupe ·1.h dub \,\•Ш Ь _ ;1 grcш ·u
it1.шlion i · eriou b1.1t we. .1re tfoing
.1U \Уе сао."
1 S, а Re.зdl IJЬe mh1i.c uшfNШiпc Ию kc 1 \\'Ord , .aod оп iVili!r 'Lli questi.11шs.

You a:re ,а reporter for Muslc Есtю msgszine and nave ьееr, asked
.. 10 write а. news repo · abou1 lhe ope1tiлg or Shakel' dub. Wri ,е уош
.-еаdша 1eJi Мг f' Browи aid, report, giv,ing а delailed descriplion of the evcm and1 adding а
'1'h' ·, :-. griы11 aclii- emeиt or our зuita.Ыe l'leadJir1e. (120-180 words)
tkld nt! J am pmud of th"'n:1 all."
J. \\111at type of romp ition hou]d you \1i'fite?
2 V I i · gi1ing to re d it,
3, h.auld you i11 1шl ·m 1u 11 i11!orm .tJon?
4 \\fJ'l!kn of tbe fol1 wmg s1'1011ld you. we? Tkk ./ ,
б "Тhс pric.e uf pe1rol � Ш iцcrei1 Ь;• .cryduy liщngi .шge _; р, i'11 'i'Ui :е _ ·; t ·m ill liiпking Y!'(Htk _ �
2р per li tre r, m, шidn ig)H , in W!lriC[)' о! adjc.cli d rЬs: _ � \f8.Гie'ty of rcpon.ino ..,, rb
Thesda ' 11 Pliшe Mini. юr said. roll quial хрте1 ·i n _.

:Ь, ·tbe IDO , - in . 14 ·to wri,tie ur pll)rt Ь&11.[ the оре ·

Shal't! 1:Ub. You с n w tk r, puri ,in . Зu, ! 11 moo .
 IT 12Ь Reviews
1 LФо a:t dl- p,ictur,e а·п1d о ·,er dJ qu twш :
а \ ould you rather read t11e book, or, •зJ'ch tl1 filю? \\fl1}'1
Ь, Wn t kind ,of Ьооk · it? \\'h t kir1d о · film i it1 Ti k (/)

_ ilm
l roman
2 • i Jl1� fi ltl n

UШ 'У\Ю thi11 k Q ёl'П. , 1 ner type of Ьooks and faJI m .

dl) · at' our [ \'OLtrit Ьооk 11111?
J I fri ntl _ r ·oommend Ьuok ,r а lilm ,

Reviews rc shм d@�riptions of boo�s. 1lms, plays., ТV progmrn ё.S. е:

They are wrll.ten Lo ln1orm readers and vle-wers, and !о glve tf'lem уоо
opi ioп/гeoommendmioп а aut whmhвr (ог 11ot) tfitty shoo1d read а book or
see а fllfl\/p!ay/etc.
А revfew shou d cмsiS't ,or�
а) an l'nlrooiucLion 1n wl'licl'I you . ьааkgюшю inforrna ·on
of the ьоо 1 /etc. ( е. tHe. з а or/dlred:or, у�. s · rng etc};
1
,

Ь} а m · in lюdy consis� g of 1wo agraphs: о· afюu · lh� -· · polrils о

lne plo , preseлl.ed fn, chranologlc.a.1 order, алd aoother incJucГ ·. genera1
oommems оп tha р!о th8 mai11 clwact�. the acting, the 1recting, etc
'" Nole: You sllouldl о- re\!"eal the end о1 the Mory to the reaiter.
с) а conclu:s,Jon in which you reoommend do ot r,ecommendl lhe
Ьоо · 11 р1ау/е,:с-. g,Млg r,ea,sons Lo support your recomm-eлdation,
,, Re 'mvs am ruma ly found m newspapшs, magaz/лes ш as parts о · а
lвtte • Th9 style: you us,в: depends •on · ha puЫication алd1 lhe· in ended
rea ег and can Ье formal or �mHormai. ..
•1
or
'1'01.J norrna: ly use p11ea:ent tel!'lses and а vartety adfedives Lo descrlbe
ns plot and make yot r оо merits mo с аГ1d 1:о е poon.
bockgrm.шd i form1J ion
IOl!e, nome of aullю·r /
2 Read tbe ruЬrJc ап.d onderlwne �:Ье key о 'd 11h,еп 1111 ._ · r •·ье q,u t· on di ее о type, selli-g. elc.J

Тhе ooit·or of 'the magazi11e ·you wOik fQr tias as.ked you 1.0 wrile а review
aboot а book усщ have recootly read, Write yo�r review, giving а brief ... • ........
Main dy
summary of the plol a.nd saying why yo1J lhink other readers mighl Ра rag 1 11aplh 2
епjоу it.
W!ю ' oiI1" to re· ,d th r • iew'. G �,fю 11 m· in hщ·._г.;tе.
mai п poin1 s а ne plot

2 а D Para:g1r,aplh Э
R lнw.1 ша11 , of your f ri r1 ·

D l1ave re.ad Н far О g:e ercl1 comme п s

wheth r or по[ ou

о r,�oo.1m nd il •COnclusion
• • •
D
D по,_• t'lt Lory nd о -n_ г.11 _ 1"11m�n1.· Paragrr,aplh 4
Е 111 · паще of ti а 1tlю:r
F ·maiп point of tl,. plot
о 3 � J1ich Li,;П \\rou.ld JOU U ,
 Ш 11 12Ь Re,v,le:w.s

3 а,) Ret1d. tlrlt bno�k vie\\, 4 ) Read tbe UJ fu1I са'Ьо11 n•,, 11) ,. •
ппd l1h .[ f' c'h brfou. W�ieh :pllrf'!. с re:l'er to,
1)ara,gra.pil1 "r Ш1 oooks? \\'hi III refer t1J AL11 , !
�lllc IЬcodiin� · Ь ·I�\\', Wlilich rrftr to, Ь Hi'',
,, , ·с11тт •,штiт,
., c11t!'ml omme11l:i
., mt1i11 point if pfQf
., bш:kgroш1d i,ifarmatiori

/ вackground!:
Тhв Hound or Ba&lke,r.1Швs, Ьу Slr Ar1il1 ur C(Jnan Ooyt , �s an Tlte ri1m1Ьook letls lhe sюry ar ...
� �cer11mt �� - na Kes r;il c..e:__ro 1.011clan ano Dшtпшоr. тt, s
1
Тtю· Шmls!ory is sel in •••
fas.cl11atln baok ls abaur ·1ne ramcш� detвc i;e, Stlвrloc The Ьоо av-el was \m1ten Ьу ...
= Ho]mвs, who with his lrUstвd assistan� Watsищ Ьi s ID solve Th-e mm 1s d reclfd Ь1 ...
lhe mys!e ·ous de.alh о Sir Chэrles, 68.sk.erv lt • а C(medy/00 rQr , rмш , siory.
тм m ste · :g_Jпs W'/ien Dr. Ml)l1im�r, Slr Clt1rles Мlа n pofлts, o1 llile p1ot.
р rsanal doctщ relзtes Ule circumslaцces surround'lпg h s Т11-е story coл.oomslis aooulJЬegins .•.
patleпl's daalh ta Нс mes and Watэon. The doclor belie:ves -е pro iS (rattier ,ЬOring/ihri lng.
1ttal his death has something ·to l'Jo, whh ltie tegP.nn of tne Para 2 Tht pl'O . nas an гле.хркtееl l:YliSt.
ьound, whlcl1 r.s an ,eлomюus, ,e'IЛI, tшnting dЩJ lha[ mrrorises ·Seл.eral Comments:
dle ,рвщ:�lе о1 Ba_skervШe. Socn. it becomes сlеш tha1 Sir 1 rа111ег to glЬo oon.fuslngfslow.
П,е C:8St is exce1\ent./a�U IJl'IN'ti'rt;;nr'<llg.
i Нешу, v1he1 is Si Chal1es· nel)hew, and 'lhe of'l1y iUM ing I ir
-= ю the 1Bas�erville rortuлe, is alsD ln danger. Holmes алd The soopl Js dul�ex · ng.
1 is Ьвau'lifully/�iy/hadly WТI 81').
� Watsoл havв ю mo в qu cldy ш 1шlвf [О ,protвci Sir Hм:ry's 1 has а kagi dramвtio еоо.
rire алd о !i'Ol,ve lhe цwsiew. Aeюmmenlilations:
11,е ьоок (s tu I af' hrШing momenl.S as the 1ш1har crea es Раrаз Don' miss ft. lt is oll ,•orth see1ng,
tension wl1!h1 шшхрвсlеd twisl.s and vivid dcscrwtf(Jns. What 1 wou dn'I rnoommend il Ьесаusв ....
�iv� lhe 'bt1ok ils da k almosp 1ere how�!N, is. the 5ilerit, cvil 1 hrgJ,ty о oughly reoommend it
i
preseпce of ltie lеgемаиу nounc1 wtiic-h dominates lhe stcry 1 's Ьоuлd ю Ье а OOi\';·O юе hit.
througholll. Wait uл�1 • oomвs oul. on rJoo.
1 th"Oroughty roccmmend Тhе Houncl !Э( tlle B.askerv1 lеэ. Para 4 11 is а highly вnlвrtal11iпg rва
= Readers will have а ,tJifncu/[ lime l}tlWng Ul's masl rplece down 1 's а lюre lo rвшl.,
�
as ttle'i a;re lrepl ln suspeлse uпlf] tfle ve,y ело of the bщ:ik.
Ь) R.eшil 11J1e r ,,·i , , iп !я. 3,с1 а i1i1D1
nd repi:), е 1tl е un,d,l!r ·111ed
f•П'tf!II. jn ilb · re,rif't ,:�·thJ
i Nh:ich paragrnp11 includ · l.he wriie - rerom:irncш]atioп'! Wbal pli;rases othrr ap·pr,opn11te 001
1о l1tн to rе_щ11шtшd tl1 book1
� Ы h paragraph in lud hort . ip,tion tJ1 n1ain poin of d1 ploa.
5 11.Jnderlшn dile corirect '\\'ord/plimse.
'Doe:· t]i \vrilcr re,reiJI th еп Qf the orj'! 1
- lп whitн раrнgшр11 d 1CS the u•rii :г i11elu:(le in, .rш11iiш1 r1.I JLI( " 1 ·ri· tli
tшу ·iak р1асе ar,,:d "riш1 il i" aoout?
\ hi h p.r rngшph iш::lud · gt:nerш comm 11 11 Lhe L'IO k'. \- н[ .и, l.h rj
- V Ы h of l11e f, !lowin irl �it: \\1ri·tcr u d. Tick 3
i _: v ri t}' or • djecti • -� ooПoqui I c�re io
;1�Ь:rei.i,1I · · _; сщпрl.ех "П icnш _. l'iih Г: mi�'.
19
 Unil 12Ь Revtews:

4 The: plol ha ап un p�cted ·t • · са t ,vhe:11 liнle Johп find out tl1e troth. 7 [(iok ,at tbc e'hal.1 .апd 0 'С
1

5 The siш:y has а duГ rt1gi. .пd whe 1·�� hc=!tcoptcr cra 0 l1c n а 1Y1our,tai1�. ,vordlsJph·rп · f[lom 1Lh: · u ul
6 The . ·r,ip· са. t of tl1e nlrn in .Тudc sошс о{ the lщtt.est nam.es in Ho!lyivood. 110 .• ., lяа-1111[) lюх or. р. 79 •о , rit
'1 The Ьoolk is based ,о s11t iro the inc.rediЫc 1if stO"ry ,of Cbarlie Cbapliп. . ОIП' re юmm 1iidl;1t11·1m nr ,f!at.'h,
8 11ш Mut,i,;, ti· ', h • m ·t �u]ar petial �ffec;_f ,premiere., in film hi LOI;(. Ьоо ' til1 ) as: i:n tlte .'atиple.
9' M.ad Park i а оох т&се hit/dml read. ou 11 bll а р мt.�.r tЬ . ooad рап ...
i
10 CopUliJI Coml/i Mtmdoo11 �[__ th p:artltc:Jlls tbc tOl)I f а . пе: lшl'ii)П
s.oMi r ,vtю, r� 1 � in lcwe \ itl1 а Greek !l;irl. J 1711 En /i h Pt tient, }'
1icмeJ Onda.ttj
Rom.ance
2 _'0,000 l wgiiea UNШt .l'h:e
,lщnn fll.un m В Sea, Ь} Jш· · Vеш.
1

1 oomed а. film i,, l·1icl1 cart.ooп - з.rе bmught to l:iifc AdVenl re

2 !0111111111:1 В . n ех 'ti11g filrri fubl of з.d.ventur-e and dang r
3 .inimated EHm а 'Ь k )Г :l'Hm al)( ur а fri g' ht1шi11g s1ol}• Slщ П'еl[
4 m .teiy D �t film Lh.a.t m,t1lk . р ple. laиgh d"r �ed Ь· J,t1 k М:Ши
action film Е а Ьо k ur а J'iim 11Ьощ lif, · i11 , - а - ( fШllN .Dtaft1'В
fi ci :псе fiction F 1Ь ·tшу о[ а :ptn.on' life rriцtn ()1 -ь 1
7 Ьопо:r G а. ' ok or а 1111 с1L·кн1t а 101,•е tory 4 • 111ап Lirrf,e ·di tod
Ьу [tul Мinkoff
8 biograpby 1:1. а oook or , fiilm bou 1 tг.ш,g \' О I h, L ar
not o1ved unLil Lhe very Clild or 11he to:iy comвdy
_:__...,=��--,
·"· l .hig/1/ 1 n:coщmerrd 171е Eugl� 11
Pmi,mt. 11 is а 11ц!ll-1vriJ1c11 mlli
Ь _ Ш in ·Ut_ talht_, 'lюlow w,·rь ,adj,octi с f.rom. tbe list.
torкblng тт III r.
duli, excellent torihle rnm1i,1g. SI1pe,Ь,, a1,,ifi1� faлtш.tic, fascirl'tltiug,
mucl1i11g dreшf'[и(, i/1nlliug, llilarious c11tcrmuii11� tunшi,·
goo
1 То ma.ke уши r·eview more nt1Зrвэ'ting1 to
inter ling
lhe reader you сап ad'd de1ails bou!
lhe pl'ot using reJative clause.s,
e"g. De!8cllvв!.atch wams, tocatoh SGet.
fuпп Sсг, is а dismond smagg!er.
-, Dвtectlvв l.вmh 11Ш11tв ,ta cвtch 8свt
мю · dlamond.smu91
1

sad Wflliam dl�oovвrэ а :а: orвt path. 11

1вг.d$ to, 1hв castlв.
-1 tVШlt1m dJ:ScfJvвrв а ввсrвr path
whldt ds о fk ,casllo,.
GJafrв is а tвacher. Нв1 son wlns г
sdlofвlshrp,:mstuay Ь1оюgу.
ьd -1 OJвJtв ls I tsaGhвr wh воп wfns
а �Р to � Ьiology.
Thef tr.r*'8#IO Yaft fn Yмlhef meet
е) " -�Joo1i,11 fiм 11 tl t ldlle [о tallk аЬоuЕ - р]а ):0111 Jш е: оов a�unusuaJ�ddver.
· nd Ьоо� )'OU ha · read а in th е mpLe. -• 111eytra М YOl1(wh fheymeet
1 , rf UD.USUIJ МJ1 d

во
�g. Dr Doolitile is опе of lhc то l атшiпg cшm:di I 1 hui' fl'ёТ �п:п

,8 R . iri��· l.h Nim t шi111g re!bli,·e
pron1111n iadver& . 1'hr ,1-.Jrds iФi
boJd · h:o r�•h:ere J'OU hou:Jd odd
·tlt� :r,etnmrc clau· f
1111 s1ory ls abou а �oung wma 111
n:imedr Emilf. She is llllred Щ а
my:;lerious lady. Em1v's assig ment
er 1а и_;о de Janeiю. llhe man
ilres ner cn i dar,gQliOOS [ou�ney.
l 'Ье i· ·1 pri at d te"li е...
2. The. lвd шicle. du.appeared i_lil
n R:io d: Janeivo, he m� 1
..,tп.щgе , tmi cnHcd D,.i id Tra:vi .
.� The. daцgeroш; joum ' e.v nlualty
lead 1]1еrп inta th h rt .of 111
Amв:zon Ramfore t.
91 а. R ad tbe п1brir пnd
11,11d: 1�iin • the ' �· , ords
tbe111 11n · �· ·r 11he que tiion·\
д magarziпe h,зs · c&11.·ed· it:s reaclers
to submit reviews of films LhaL lhey
have �ecently seen а111а lihinl< wouldr
Ье of rnLeriesl Lo olher реор: е.
1 ·� о i g ing 'lo rea�l ущ,1r Гt! •iew?
_ \ �1i h o,f [h follo,,•ini! шu ·t 011
io lud ? Tick (1).
...... mai'n pнi,nl. о thc р j
в •ош•• шuпЬеr of seais, [[1 th cimeюa
...... type оГ film 1 ,шn of din; t r
D, ...... 1:1.?Con11niendati 11,
Е ...... 1111ai n 11 ract rs and n me;
of u ton, 1,,vho р rtrd the.m
F ....... _n_rnl 0011me11� al!юut
ш:: i11g, oouodtп k,, 1
�) Read tli)e 1Ilш r \1i "'· \VЬзt
i еасЬ parag:raph а'Ь 11,t.
HllJ-"i ,d.oc · h. · ,vri� г
r,!,'OOPIПICQd 11 hf: 6ilm?
lryo;u W&'re to f•Щ:Oll11'DUiOd
IJ j, 6[1 Ut lю\ � \\'O'Uld ,. ·!111111
.r omm l'ld 't?
Urn 1112ь Revf е s
[J] Armageddon � ац action packed
adventure эЬоu an e,amюus
asteroid 1шd too oosperвte ef f orts
ot mankind tto s ор i , f rom
!Atig the worl(I. Direc ed 111у
j de.stro
1
y
... J -r .Bruckhefmer 1 the cast
intludes Bruc:e Willis as Harry
Stamper, an а1 ng awn ·, Liv Т lег
1
as h1s daughter Grace, and Вел
Affleck as Stamper's employee
д.J., woo is in love it Grace.
· The story Ьegins wh.en NASA disoov,ers that the gjgantic a.-sreroid
i,s опlу eigilteen days away rom destroying f1e Eзrtti. №SA asks
Harry to pre ent the dead[y as · eraid ·from reachi11g ,aur 1pJane . Нагrу
аоо hi<S шl rig crew are given irrtensive ltai111i11g Ьу NASA astr·onauts
+:,... �etore the:y rзve1 to s,рзсе.
i
� [j] т r·1m r- fШed i h suspense a.s h.e mм race igзfns lme а
:.
Si:We the p1aoot. ТТ1е spec1a1 ,eПects агю computer grapllics а е so
spec.ta,ular that lie эudiмce will Ье a.ma,zed. Th� actors g· е а
. brillian performa се а11� l.he irect'ng s superb, Wha is mo е, ·h;;.
souлdt ar.k, mos J:11 Ьу дerosm,th, 1.s antas tc.
'·1 J I tnorougltly r�commel'ld Пus fi . 1 you е e.x.ci emen , i wШ
}J l definite1y keep you оп lле edge о your s�-a . Don' mfss 1 •
1
Your teacher has asked you to wribe а 1i1m review for the scllool magazin� .
Write yaur irevii'ew for [h� maga.zine, mentioning the mai11 poirns of the
p.lot, gene�al comme.nts about IJhe acling, 'lhe ,directing, U,e plo-L, ete-, as
well a.s: yoi.1r recommeooatio1'!(1.20-180 words).
1 �. 110 i goi11g to re- d your re i rw. \Vhaн n • �ьo1.1ld ou ?
2 '\\IЫth ,f lhe f. .11 \11 iвg lюwld ow \ISC-', , k (I .
, ice -; ariet}' ad'eclivc. _: cnlloqui:irl la.t1gtшgc _:
р i
oomprcx • ntcпccs -· abbreviatio11. -;
··) \Viшl. t ре uf riJш I it. i \ 1to diroct ·u ·11. · · . lч tar: 1n i ?
d \ l1�Lc11ara I rstio 1l1�1pl.J ? е) \Vl1a1. i,, Lhe film зI m1L.
1
4 � 1at ,r 1h� main point ,of 'th ploi. '\ h t cnc:m c,on1m. nt ,:i.·oul ,.
make'l' Но,�· wou ld � oi1 r�onш ·nd ·ilie Шш?
 J 13 "F or nnd Agninst" Essoys
'1 ИJI Iдok. at 111, ,p:ktUJп• an:d tallk аЬ ul (lh pros mid cw
� ·Lau - ot. b11nk a••(U'i di, . ervice lЬе rm 'fl'd dJ
11tm

Ь) Rt-flcl tl е pnii111� 11 elo: .,, the11, mi" � n (о 1he �- "Sel.l arnd ii k th1 � mml1t11neil.
'i\'bl' Ь th . .с point а .- nd,: ntngc and 11 111 1111е 1d вd._: nmg 1

D D �pen. ive
о
В·
ь
Е uoh ealtby D
bc!\f - ta, k in ad\1 anc
D F' nor 11,, i n ic

"for a.nd agmnst" ешуs am ont rype of disoor&№, wri ng ln whfc'1 уо : dlr.ctJ&S- IM
a
advв..ntagвs. ап disad\ta.n'tges of а s,ресЩс IOpic. А "For алd щ1апt" essay 5hoo1d
COГ!S!\St of:
а) ш� lntrod:uctton r whlth you р es t the Lop , mal<ing a ·genвraJ rвmwk a_lюul
· wJ oo.u : gMng your ,opJn n:
Ь) а ma.ln bod,y n VJhich уо proson he poln s for and ·he i:,-oin s agains , 11
s _ para1c parn_ ra,phs. Si1pporti11g your argumenrcS, wilh Justi�ca io le:<amptes;
с) DI conclu1slon which includes vour opinion ,(e.g. ln ту opiniDn/vmw, 1 belleve/
think. е с) or а Ьэlэnсоо' s:ummary 01 е topJc.
• Vou musl not 1 1.1de opiriiol'I wo d:s (1 tдi�eve I o,nk, eti:::) ir, е i111JQd1,1c;tiQ ,or he
marn ЬосJу. Opi io.n wofds c.an о "1 ·ье, used iri lhe 'fioo pмag,rapn, wher,e you may
state y,our opinion on е lopic,
"For :and вgaing1• essa.ys are normally w Шеn in а fo,rmal styre; therefcre you
shou1d Sl;f,01d uslng strong lenguage (1 know I a.m sше, etc), shшi sen enoes,
colloq, laJ e,xpress ons ог loms.
lntroductlon
., 1. . .,
Vau r:.an �111d lnf!. [уре of - 'li · in amc: es newspapers, magazJnes. ,etc.

pres.enl topic twrthoul

sta ing y,our oplnionl
2 Read. 1Ье m'Ьrk and 1.1шderl ime tb,e- k . '" o·rd ,, 'tbeq a.'.n \\'C'r tbr qu tt11JD
1

МCll'n в,оdу
Y,ou have ha:d а class di.scussion aoout dfff,e ent forms of tra.vel. Your teacher
P,a,rag ra р h 2
i,,as no v aэl<ed you to wnte .an essay preseлting t е arguments tor aind
again-:s'I travвll'ing ьу boal. a:rgumen1s. 1·or. wi
\us Jfic(Jtio11s/exc,.пr1ptes
I \1 l1a1 IYf е t · Stl}'. fю11!d. 011 ,,1 rite'.
2 llou !dl rou u� bort :н1.ti;r1 ,colioq1.1 ioJJ ,�,;pr · : 011 · and idiom ·'? U 1101. \,•Ьу'. P.ara:gr,a,ph 3
\V.h�h of th. fo!lm •in point oou1d Ьс includcd in .'our '{! Тi k " • , hicb
-rgu n s agafn !, wrt
poinls ar-c pt <.111d � hic!i are оо ·.' Qш щ111tld 111 • t1Lt cr i(lcш�? j,usllf ications/eж:1 pfes
clюa pc r t.l1an othcr fom�s
О 4 joumc_ �n tak:e 81 lrщg tim
О
t f 1·m'f,,\ 1
-
шоr' c.umfortaЬI · .1nd ..... ...........
COt11cluaion
2 сш:1 Ье uпp�easool iп ad О 11joyabl lbiIП olher О
\\i' ·:aLh r fо.пm of 'lran :port
l .1. u ·pt pk g('\, 11 ili11g D � f Шll'IU, с р ore, rm�lle I
О yaur opln on/ba'lan<:ed
SUlllffi() 'f
·пolida1 Lh оо еа

82
 IU'nit 1З ·�for oindl Agolns.1" Essoys

3 а) Rf'ld �h a11JcJe an:d . вЬ , 'lh par-a mрЪ tb ·t.Ье n---e t: .be:a:dlln .• WЬа(, ', t.he, \V1i[er' ,opin,io:n un 1Ь.
topk'! .Finнli)1• repl1'1(.'C 1111_- '�upic ' nt._ 111c io tiЬe main bod� parugmpll ·"itb J� ·r1и1ti · one •
,, l11>j[jmenш agailm ,, api11itm
,, a�4me11t. for ,, pres.ent lt)pic

t
Di� уоо rm lm! Ьо& ms оп or 1he fl�[ ·rorms r,[ trшщюг ?
Pam 1
...
.,, А hunflred у,ешs ЩJQ, the only ау to makв а loume� aшross 1те
"'
'-"
sea vas Ьу ooat Nowattays, ьоwе er, . ls passiDle to 1ry
r� one continмt D aлother in 1Ьв :space ol а е howrs.• 1ls ere
any rеаюп to lrnvel Ьоi ь�,
Alllюugl1 the Ьм. is а .a1h11 o1d·fash1Dli1M w.tf of 1ra�·�li119, 1
has rnr.a n ,ad mtiges. То btgin w11J1,, ьаm ме usua11y mara
с rо�аые U!м planes or cars. nste.ad of staying 1n !l'{lur эе.а't for
lhe woole jou ву, ум r..an go (Di а wa1k оп the dec:k, ваt iп а
res1зuгзn1, ог ,even go soop g. Hзvtng mat"e sр.1с-в D move scw.l схрге: ioos ш11d
arouмd mш:es а опg journey - ch mDre р1е:а - Fudhermore. [inl:"ng \'lronl JJЬrase:,;
! ooats are otten che per han о tanns ol 1f or e,1ample. m.
: а ooat tii е! 1.1sua1r� co&ts �ss U-1an а p!an� t.ckm. FinallV, bc:tals
are а safie aJtmativt to ws and plaтias. Th�e ш fev.·f ·
accldtnl.s а[ �а Uю.� ill the air or оо the roads.
Howe-ver, 113,velling Ьу Ьо. does have tts lllisadvanta,�. 11
РаmЗ
usuaJ akes mtкh IDIЦJК lhan О11ш foгms а tmel..A.s а, result
1 can ье more llring. ln addШon, ьоа lrlp:s сап � щi,v unp/easanl
when 11111 wва: - is ba:d ar lhe sва is ro:Llght. malung joumвys
ш11:оm10 -зые йi' even ng .
AIII �ings conildered. ЗШ.Оug th re а 'е эо1 ,d�adYanlagi:s
i to Ь:аw ng Ьу Ьоаt, 1 belie.Yв il is а Vfll}I enja аЫе вхре�iепс:в.
...
,; .rourneys ma� tш 1олgе.г, tJ _ 1 you ve �rne D· sрш,, уо C1tn
�: take adYэn age of 11ю mал� rai:: �e:s ""11· boats re [О о er ал
erijCIJ а, plwaлl 11.oyage.

h, Rer 1d t�e arti r:- Щf�iь ;md ШI in tl] IЬ[" О,,. Ье[о1�. Th.eo. IIIISillg
- xpr, ion f11om. №:Ье Ь х on. lhc ['i, · 11:t talrk вfн:11111 llhe pro. aolil ,ron·
f tm ·сПш Ьу boat.
• hl i tr,od ОС(' е.ха ple /Jle',lliS"OIIS/re 11111 �
ROR, [or cxampl�fi1i11:,;l:.ш1: , . ,ic� а� like., ·,1
Ar,gumen1s Ju�fltal:iaщtE1amples р,т ic LLl:н-. L iie·re [ore. f r thi rea оп,
1) more oomfмi lв 1han о her go, ror а w.alk, езl ln а reS' гзnr, ga Ьсс 11. r ull
ronщ, ol travel .,......,........ have spaoo to move arouпd
2Э ,.,,..,.,,n.,n .. nш"""""' """ ,.,

3) ·····-······..··················-··········

AGAJNSТ
1! ArguilreDIS Jus.'lilicaliвnst&ampfes
� 1) ... ,-!.8olla11•8l,l<!!!l!f•L11.11.aiillll.l�Ll,ai1LIHl"I

,2) .......................................... ,
 4 Rend t!Ье articl .ugaim Нlndl r,с;р!п�с t.he linkirцg �·ord /phtra � j111 li)o�d 7 а) R,e,ad ltlie �tract. hel1ш' and
ri№b S}1 rio1 nymo,u · (iц,е. fr,nim the t-иl)Je ,n р. Ю� . \hen • а r·,"hi lil о tbe choo · · th O[,rcd topic
I

limkim �·ord 1рш-а ,е to the r itk1e ar,e u м ro.: е, tcnce to ilil in 'tl11:e !)!оп k.
а) J, a.dd poi11.Ls · ·!t11щ· t'ODLnыit
Ь) mt1-oolfil« rea. on . u] , d. intmduce ЗJ oonclu io:n 1 Th r �re man i,i j i1r11 g · to u iпg
·th Ini.em t.
2 Hmi,·�·er., ·!here are шаnу argumen
ag,ai1 . t u. ьng tlic 1,icmct.
3 Coшputcrs i1a\' berom the most
J. ·ides/ 1с ·p:i�c 1 'lel YUiIOD affect the ,va \ thiпk. iшр rlш1t mеип )' C(Jmm1шit:.1tiun.
2 Man • poople а11е ag�in1s • · ,·1е thot w,i; .IIlccd ad\loCr!iscmcпts in urder to
Iн, р up to dute \'ll'I01 tl1e lat t prod, on tbc. mвrk:c.1�
3 On · роiп.Е of vi. , ;again :t/ito €а' our ,or· uavc]ling i. tl111t it. allo\V уо11 to
n11.1t1 r,et pl iro111, di r �n:t cul[ure .
4 .�,� thoog,Ь/N \,·rrtbe1es. шоs;! pooplc nowada•. , u, с а rntпpu l.er al. , ork,
i· t will е а 1t\1 !1ie. · fore ,ve t ·р, puttюg our i '' · · dm\1'1 оп рзр�r.
5 F о · 1n ·. am . tilll, pcoplc ,,,ho knm hmJt to pla.y mu ic . 1 insl run.1cn·r з.rе
u. uaНу popu.l ar ��nd n1a k · fri ",1u пiс.; � asil· rlian 01h "

6 Read 11.h.. p:н�agn.ph btiu,· antl und, liline tlt шirt.ct �inkiio�, ,n,.ritl/
рhп·.
Т11е�:-е a:re m.alliy ad rшitag . [О havin ,cbl1dr n, aL n ear1 age.1) То, мgщ,
·t · lin ddШ п ·to ·· !Ji'h л уо11 ar\; . ung, : u I nve а 1 t о en rg_ •
'П i mеш11$ у )U снп соре quitc �·, ·il ,. i1l1 ·nildп:11' m,иш.J · or С\1 t пt cnr •
and attcпtiш1. 2 TD oom:c]L1Jd: · • e-c,ondf }fOl!I.Пg pareпi:s ,са11 relare r th.cir
clilildтeп апd 3) lh ft'[O пе t1rtkc:lc s unde taпd them 'Ь Her. 4) '1 elfFi111111IJ.1
,v/1 n о�• t еоот� ,.t p.t nt at а. rt· �g •. сн1 ilr� :-.LIO 011ng en t1gl1 tn n't Fir 1 of а11 you p�nd h. ,u� · �nd ho
Hfe \ hen }rour cl1ild Ьеоо,пе. i11d peadent. .iHing .in fronl of а CQilЩшtcr . r­
Thi can t· d 10 • r Ь ,d· cl1 а
рr-оЫет ith у ш eyesighr. Мо -
o er, и ·ing th In lemcl �· п Ье v
v

xpcn i с, Ь . �t1 ·th n1 mb r h·

You shouJd !tan each rnaln body paragraph wi а toplc эen1,1nce, whlcl'1 · al]d phon ill:s а'Г of en h(
introduces or 5ummarises the· m.ain topiё Ool th·e· paragrapti. Tne topic Fina.11 • щ;:ir),g ihe Intc.rш�t req1.1 ircs
se: [enc:e should Ье rollowed Ьу -supporting .sentences whric:11 jusLify [he Jщ ,f _р.1,1iепс • G rting. щю 1h
1

argumen · preseritoo in в topjc senle, ов, Ьу giving e.xamp1es о reasoпs. J11tem I ы, :lilol а�, eaS)1 and
Voo snou1d 1.JSe �nking wщdsJpt,, ases to present уоuг ju� · catio s, such а,э:
ha\•e. to \!.•mt
ffrsl of aJI, wha rs mo.re. fot ,вхмщ,Jе, becau.sв, sfnc.e, fn panlcular, вtс.
e.g. TrawJJTmg Ьу w/11 1/а8 в юt of a.dwnщgeэ. } loplc sentenoe
Rnt ol 1, ft fs comfonable es hf,rs вnэ spaclous so
therв fsplвntyo тот toи!kвlюut 1WJI t I mме. rnзlлs
вт c-onvenleлt. f:or ,епт уои do .00( мvе tD »в ariy s1.Jp,pomng
«юd о tieveaiges wllh у.о� ьесаи.sв mo.st tmms, мvв а sen ences Ь) �l'llat i t'h,e I р�с o,f the
'8Siautant fiл. l�. Wh8n �1.1 tmml &j traiй уои teвch
р1 rn п1;рh? Li ·1 t h.e
yoar drotimI!Joa fвft+J qиЩ.
ara , шelfl ' n1en, oned.

84
 ,8 u.) М - tch eucb rgomcot uliJout.
,ш:ideiliв to i1 · oom ,po.nd·
i·n ·1u:_ tИka11 ion� "'-ich
poiu.t rc f(П3 H'lld whi h
�1 • ' ag·1i1 Г'1
Argum.ents
· ш с.· ·i'ti n care r
_._____.! орр г unit 10 eam а loi of
IПОПС)'
-.--,1 1
.--..
modef mu t oonsta:n�l.. wai.ch
\VПBL theJ• aL
J,ustiRcalions
'Ь o:rd� phliil
IIO C\Omp!et 1the 6'13Ш 'bod
panigrзph. bel. •.
:?. Thcr "' are ,certвi11 argum п
f�t,ruur {1' а сап: r in mo kllin�,
Оп Lhe oLher hiшd, :тап р ople
Ь Heve tha.t . сзrе r 'in rпod llin
al ha draw а �.
QR
То а ,rac tne reacler's i ere-.st and rnзke he beginn[пg ·О eпding of уоuг
1ЭШ1У more effectl\/e, you сап use same о1 е ю1towlng wri ·пg echnlques:
а) adeit�ess �пе, 1maб.er direc�IY в .. g. IJ уои tав тв rfmв to, tml:Л yoor dog, it
wш 1еат ro оьеу ,оо.
') induoo ,а quotaticn Q.в. 1 seпtenoe or pivase !aken rcrn а ЬООk, !ау, ett.)
When we use а quo1э1io11, il is n�ary to m.er ition lhe narne ol lhe
реrю.п who said . 01е il.. e.g. Ав Gea,gв ,D!welJ wrore. "AJI wт/mals м,
equal, Ьт юте w more вqual 111еп othe!s. •
с) i с _е а, rtietor с:�11 quesl!ion e.g. rs · iNe·thata dog fs тал"s Шfrtend"I
9 R{'ad Qle �1rncl bc!Jo\\ апd, lil!1 ,11hiclii зn Ьеg • 11oio·
, :0ding�. 11i'len iс1евШ1• \ ticfi , riling lecltni(:lu.i:
шоо i:n. еас:Ь
Do you faney yaurs-eП as а handymari or handywoman? For peopJe woo аrв
goad .vith the г h�nds. home decor1 ng ls �rtarn у an oplю.n. With Ule wrde
10
r.aлge of materia1s ai;al!abre rл IJ1e shaps., алd 'the increasrлg� hlgh cos[ of
profess олаl decora�лg, · е trerкf is towards DIV. So what are 111е advantlGes
an.d dJ�dvantages о 'do I yourse ?
__.....___________....__.-.,.1
В То StJm u�, al ough there are many pomts against 00111g а reportw, 1 believe-
there are certain� as�cts tavour of il� Bes1de:s. аэ Jo�n Hersey once said,
• Juumalisrn aJ о s ' s rea�m 10 wihles'S histoiy."
с Мо е and тоге 11oup es ooday choose ш have ooly оле child. Mo,s of 11s
imagtne U,at being ал only chird mus, tJe territlly onely, but is lhat гeally the
case? На шg по brolhers ог sisters nas �oth ar1van ges and d sadvaл g;es.
D 1 lhirlgs cons.ideroo, 1 ЬеГе�е tnaJ there are more d�ad.Wf! �ges Ulan
.
,advant.a.gP.S ·ю oieling. Pemaps ·ttlat was wh1 wrtter and, 1cumalts Geot lrey
.. .
ca1111on ьеnе ed lhat "D1eti · g makes уо11 fat. • Aner all, rf у1ш eat StnsLb е,
we -ba!anced meals and keep fi and active. уоо are morn rire1, to s ау s11m.
 · nd tlЬilnk ,of арр pri �е . opportlп 11 Rtadl 1Jte IOJJ · emten е , tben
\iJ Ь lp }'QU, п it,c appr ,pr, int up,poi:lli111
u:ne •• 1(1 in 1.lte enten · · ·· ".' h
1

1 Тhsrв are canarn dra� Ьа . s to мlng а a.ppmpriat,e fiinkiit1g uord

dш:::ta. pbra " · i о, order t,o \vr.it
• aw ю study I their Гrvвs r , г

.
ro101�I, le Jрзт pla:.
ю keep up llh е· rateSL medlc.aJ
dвve'lopmool$
---------·---·-----------------· ----· ----· . . . -·. ---.. -

• •--•-ш•••••• -mm••-m п н-,,,,.,,,_'' •••,,••••••••

2 Watchlng leleYislon ha.s certatпly gut i s

ad11annagвs.
•· kевр 111р tQ ,date wrtn i;;uтreп 11erws
• ....... _................... ,, ...... , ......................
•
""'"'"·""' �".""""· ............. f ••••••111111•11•1111111111.,

3 ere are ma� а цmе, !s agairJ.S! Ьеi

а 1аяюus rock sш.
• пe'i'er t:юme- bocause ttley t�I' 11
DVBГ ·the Dfld g ]ng COl1Cвrt<S
,.
. ...--...... - .......- ............................--....
1 On tn -· O"h. r han ·, ·tbcr а
drawb.i t 1:iemg, а fue11ghl �L 1

Ь tch (h. q1101a.ti.o.n. Е tb. · topi dle ,qu. tati

ппtе nppropriate r.ndin · ror ,е;_ -� to,� �

Ш ·Е ryhod wan 1, Ье
( m u tnп.L� tbe ar, ."'
Kuith Rid1aтd.

"Т.Jlt �io111! Therc ar, "Па iп Ш. ad antвo

{с I The nt ritninm�nr miing а do
v.1 \i -h П 1\ · lik · L р w.iter,"'

86
 Un1113 ·fcr ond MolлlSГ

12

rut11 rc Ьш.J for •1,шr ·11c-al 11

dii..1 1 иntag • 11( н, i11g а l,icy ,
• lшt m:, 1l1c di • сп· :; � v,,,�п rl,e '-'г� 1 1,r · 0,1· lit' ег 111 Ы · cle: in й) юр�.
C}'i· 1 ing. in Lfl �t r ancJ in 11, 1: unl ry'! .,... ,Jin � heJn.
t' •1,'ШI r 'ilrl'\ri fi
1

• Do у<ю tliink m re. peoplc ·hш1ld • cycl'ino 011 bu _ n:ш i n t У&у fe

1 to, ork in t ad I f 111 otht:.r
Г�1 rm of ltiHI, fН: rL' \\1it, ,
1 .
Пl\' • . ..
щ,iв. •, ·vclin,. tit \\' •k1.:ш
\-\<'3; 1.О I t 1

Ь Read 01.f ru.llr,ic з,п.d. 'undc1·­

lioc Ll'i . kc�· ,1"(lrd.s Ll'ieo
ari .·,ir 111 qo f" on.

А health апd 1lлэss шаgвzfпе

has askвd ilБ re, ad.JGrn to wтit·e ал
article disGt.15Sing lhe advaпLages
аГ1d disa.dvanl.ages of cycling
as а 'lbrm of ranspoirl. Wril:e
your anicle for the: mag ·пе.

V 1i ·п f (11 f I k11,�·i11g luл1/d u(J l

Ь ini.:lu.d d in у ur in'rroduct[ л?
Ti -k .J',.
1\ юu.r .pj t1iш11
О
В, •1;n raJ r m r · О
ш1 n1сш. Ьош tli topk О d) �°'
-,t ·11. tbe [1.:� 'i!" rie p.gj111 • fr,111m u Ьо е tbe j u ·t·r.c;1t iu11 · Ьеtо, ..
Th m- rшtke tr te11.ce. ш iп цp,p_'Opriaite Wlnldng unlн/JJltr.as:e.
D , uot tion О r·
i1 i, а �о r1 �onn t' 1; erci •. ! r1kularl, for ih • ��g. lt ·i.lrt 11 d !1ш
. l п wliicJ1 .P'drt о В i I d . no:t 1·i.:a( ai r poll L1tion
}'01!1 \ ti"L ' уон ,d n 1t hflive ш e11d mone ' , n tbln · 1.1,ch · iк:trol r 005tl. repai�
th ,d[sad nt Di driY . not al\\'a... gI\" \ ·а: to "list
_. Т11 Y.1Ьich par graph сап yon iш.:11.1de f:: th .re is а liшi� to thc. di tan а g cl · ! сап reasonabl t1:aveJ i п on da\
}'OU r opiniun а ou I cycling. Ьа . 1 Ь...11 • �isl ha

13
 4 Doini'on E:ssoys

lt 1
ri hi
В, people. \vlю ,сал affшd it .Зюuld О 2
р у ·faнlt i[ rr r.n 11t
moie 1:i nie ал:d, 01 JJJC hou.td. Ьс О
�Р 11[ 011 11:e-a][h d'u :tiм

Opinion essays are discursJve ess!'ys in whi�h you pr,esen ;t0ur ers.ona1 o,pinioп оп а
l:)artrcular toplc. You oplnlori must lbe stared cfe_arty end supporled' Ьу justl ca'tlons. Уо
shourd a.lso pireseri the oppooing ewpoint/s) 'n в sepaтte, pamgraph.
А opinion essay зhoufd oori ·s oJ: Pa11a9rapll 1
,а) ал lnlrolilщ:lioi'I, in ich you inlroduce the subject and sm.te, your op·nioл cleally;
e
Ь} а ma n lbody·, consiэ ng of wo or more paragr:i:,h, (еас р e5entrng ; ses,ara ei · odi.J(e he subiea олd
"ewpoinl suPPQ ed Ьу ��lesl, • 1 · ·ng а parogm - g:Мng U,eopposing1
0
sf е уоо, ,opinlon cle v
lliewpoinl supported Ьу еэsо - 11exampfes: and
,с) а conclus,ton,, in w ich you restaю youJ gpiriioo us· - diffefenl words,
Vot.1 i:нna!ly us-e pr,eи11t l:elilиs 1 • type о wri · g, ал ' rn.ses .sucl'l as I ьeNaw,
• •
ln myopln an, i tыnk, tl � ta те, lhbl, I strongl-j dis:вgreэ ifh, е!а to ,ехр еsз your Pal'l11grapll 2:
oplлion. You slю ld 11st уош ·vfewpoiлlв · h FiтJJ't, Fшiiшrпюю Monюver, оо, е!е,
алd inlroduoe the орро 'ng vim'lp01n · using Нmнвvш. Оп thв othвr haлd. 1вtо rs:t \li·ewpoTnt
and reosoпs/exШТ1pfes
Opinion essa;rS ше norma wmten 1 · а. ·rormal style, theretore you should avo1d
uslng со сщ aJ e:xproosi:oлs shorti ·!orms or persooal examples. Vou can is �
of мtiting1 in thв fOЛJ1 о1 ал amclв · · ewspapeп,,. maga.zines, elc,
secoпd vlewpolnl
oncl eosons/example.s
2 Ксшd l:hc robrir :.=шd undcrtiШJe 1111: ke)• ,vord' lhen an ;щ.�r t h, - ч d
Уоо n.we f1adl ,dass. dise:щsюn aoou1 l'le fo11ow1ng s !lemen :
Eлglfsh and ,Мi!Jhs гю UIO/e {тртtап subjoots lhaл М апd Music. oppos·ng vie�1poinl
Now yw · leac:he hаз as'kedl yau to w е an essa,y gМng уш,1r opinloл алd reasons to агю reoson.s/exOПilp!es
suppo your vlew(s).
1 \ ho i going to read }' ur ess.a ?
Z 'houl , }fOl.1 u · colloqu1.a.l е_хrп ions, пd ·hшt foпn ·. '(п.о )?
co��rual'on
• • • ...
Fl'nal Par,a:grapll
'" .
3 V h.a[ d tl1
lat m пt in th rubri mean1 Tic'k /)
A:n апd lu ic ar i r than .Engli h and 1ot , D res!ale vo opll"ll(J usiriig
dlfferen1 WGfds
В пgli ·!, а1 d Mat , D

В у urvi -
о
rca оп. or cxample - to upport )' ur i _ D
D орро in ,,i 1.� and upporting argum -nt:s D
B8i
 Unll 1401 IОЛIПIОП [SSOJS

"
\ rt1i�t1 of the four i1bjec s meпtioп !tl in [lю rubrk do/did ou rudy а1
sc:hool? V hich i \ as уш.1г favol..liite ашl wb '.'
\\1 h t ы,е ·1h ·ь nefit of tud}�п . th. ubjcct ? · с Lh.c not 10
oomplet the tаЫс. У u сш1 �1dd furLher ide.a of у Uli O\\'fl.
rools to deal 1vil/1 eitQidoJ matte� p,Y>1 1ide 1.,.-ell-rounde.d educatio11
!1cJp · •.сщ rommrmi cme elcm/ 11�� а,у i11 ardt:1· 1,п fl,rd а joh

Do уо1.1 agr or di � "Г с , iLh Lbe ·t"1teшer I i rl I he rubili �·] Gi'1� r,е�ооп .
3 а Roo.d 1Ll1.� е · • а11 andl lali 1, 111,е paragi:aph ,trith dite 11 a.dinr - " 111\\1,

• :reamd 1 iei,poim & f!.\Ytmples ·• иЬjес1 · opmi<m

• 1 •наtе opiпiшi • ол а iщt vie i'fJaiШ( )
·• fint vie 1тюi11/ & eпmzp.fe.

IEng'IJSilil and Malhs iПС more importп1t suь·ei;ls tharn1 Ал �шd .usi1;
r n't it unfortunate that i n toda�1 's society lhere are о
; mап, poopl� ,vho, аrнюt read, wri!e or vеп (lo Рзrа 1
! ril ,m iit? 1 tmngly 1 li ve Ilar, although ubjecl u h
as М and 1.11sic: ш in,porJЗn�. English atnd Mad s аге 1he
mo 't fund.im •ntal р :rt or шJr edu titш.
ln 11ю fi pl щ �vh 11 уо1.1 know �ow 1.о re rj, �vri е
эnd do si1нple calool,atioi,s, you l'la\'e the tools required in
Psra 2
order to deal \i\1U1 12'\1\�da ma<U :r . For exampl I oong
аЫ to r,мcl • nd м1rlle , n h lp уоо comm1.1n i�t ;ьnd
ехрrш yaurs�lf c�early. toreove:r, you ne -d Ь.astc n,a.ms
for ш;h dai� chшes as doi1ng :our snopping. p�ing your
Ы 11 �ncl m n gi11g yuur 1lilnney.
urtherrno:re- 1 il. is e�sмtial !О l\ave э good kr1owledne of IPamЗ
_ English and Maths iв order to find even the simplesl job.
R�ding, \Vril'ing and m thematkal ski11 are th minimt1m
require11r1e11t� tha1 m,os[ empio ytm d�nыnd.
On rhe olh r hanrl, it can Ье rg1.1ed t�1at Ar! and Mu ·
ar,e Jus as ignШcant as Eni1ish алd Ma�h . For instartce, Para 4 1) Read Ll1_ , а а in апd u.n(lertine
1 arni11g how ta dra,!j\, ,ur pldi , ari i11 truiпerit е;щ iintr dLJt:e·
а child 10 а wlюle ne1i.' \lvorld. ln ddШon 10 1thi , subjecr tl· е vie , . ln� 11Ье ,тitfr 11:1e:n.tlon •
\Jth as 111 and Mu ic tзn prov1ide cihrldre11 ,i th а � ell-
rт)Yll . -1 edv :lion rntl1er 1l1an ju t Ьа iC kijJ ,
11 thing · 0011 i( r d, thoцgh, it soom' to me thпt P,iЩI 5
_ 11glisl1 and , ·1ad1s are vital sub.Jeds. Witлout leam111 to
_ П!аd, \Yrit:e ог do � ri"thmetic;, peopl may navc diffiCiullies
opins 'oVi(Ь ev,en th ·impl - L li.i� ks i11 dail, 1if, 3
Unll 14o Qpinio,n (ssпrs

4 е tl . fimkiпg ,щrd phra , rro,m I he lw� Ьеf 1� i I ГJШI w1m 111 , ti1ltll
tiш·t [oLlm - пs in. lflc exa:niplc. В 1) AII ln all, 1 don'r befleve tha
theatre I s. an outdaited Ioпn о
iJi th,: jil"Ji'i plr1c·e, аl•щ for CX(tmp!e, ro . ит 11р, r, Qro ver, ftml ,, abl1 ugh, enLooainment, 2 since new ideas
/о Ьegin will,, all ihings соп id'emJ, 11t:Ji ш;, il1ert?jme оп the Q1)1er /штt аге often p!'ISented оп е slage.
lrtт·ш'f.'r. 11:р{/п fmm t/,;..,,. 111 ,1tl,er ,wщl. iu pariio•lllт, for ,-,м,ти:е, iJ1 З} While, tefevision may Ье mQre
ad ii1io11, Ьестсsе, raki1.g 1•e1J//,ir, hzto ш:стшl, furtir тщщ f-or ш1е conv,enfem. il is thea1re э1 offers
1l1ir,g, irz«, { :,�r, шo11dl t nonEIJ'reJt , 11f1Пе qualьty enfertaln en ,

1 То li poin 15.: ,,, tlr {itsl pfor:e, м- ··· -- -------------..·•·• . . -� ................... ..

6 ,nderJi111 - 111, • 1,r,ei:t ·, ·nrd

3 То in!Joduc opposing [РЬ а е, п in th. , · ап,р,lе.
vie\vpni1_1 :

4 То intтodu
схап1р1 · reasoл :
.2 1 п П1}' vieu•, \Ve c.an all do . ometlйr.
Т11 cщ1·]ud: to protcct Ню en iro111ment_ F
examplc/ln addition w� сап rec y�
IIOW ·рар г.,; ·md m·�g.izin -.
Tiikiпg h lida� abroad i u rualls
5 Re,1d tf:ie cxtn1c1 нndl r, pl t. 1lh linkin, w,ofd hru · wirth u1i цЬ 1 nwre р·п i\l·e ·t]1iш raking, th
ones fro i1 Ех. 4. \'11iciЬ pa1'".liirapl . �acJt !<! tra t fmm? rour � П CotШI , \i\111:J11'I, j , mu
How - r, i[ i · у u !l1 Jpport -
l]ify J r.:xp1,:ricn� uthcн:1111 1re •.
,4 • tiL'Oщll,J' �. fИl'i, 11., .gu1ar exem
hel , you. to . }' 1n d lie-:tJ'l.lt.
5 n lhe 1]1,r li'II tl, il CiПI ")l'gU
·t) ,Oil!I 1fle ,Ofner hand, com i hat \ fшt ir1(li id al, tl ю pr, t
p.u er.s
save и? li�e алd eпergy and 111 • cnviJпnmcщ пшk· very li[
mal(e
our daJ� l11Ves eaэjer. 2) For ,cШfercncc 11.1 p,_rtlck1.1=-ir/!.i!П« it
one
thln,9, mos! ol us are gгa.teful 1о
able to INilhdraw money from
Ье f; ctori s аш:1 °' ·cr щ:1 iсш.'> w11i
ааsл create !11 Ш01it pollulion.
maohrn:3 �t11er lhaл vai! ·ri
kmg
queues пsюе the, bank. 3) 'W
Mt ls
more. camputers ha е made
many
peo�le 's Jobs easler Ьу
doing Еас ma.l oody paragraph stlauld
r� uune lasks har in the ра11 we
_ re :slart wШh (11 topic ooJ illвnoo whlch clearty
r1r1r1g гnd rJme"(Юnsumina
- :slates tn main ideг or е paragraph.
ThicS s ould Ье f,ol lo-wed Ьу ,ар ropriale
:s:111plJ!lort11,ng semtence$ 'iiihich j1.Js i у
the majn id'ea and/or gi'ie &xamp1es.
 7 Rea,d 'Lbe , xhr-зct below a'Пlill
,ш У ·r 11-11 .roll1.н ·iщ;, ,que ti,,a-
• ,1 l'ieve/t blnklf«I thal ...
J �lru:lflgly he,I i •ve ,.,
,. 1п Ш}' · i11ioц/vi :�дт••..
• Th1:,',. 1 се i[....,
,. , t ccn tappмrs. to me 1ha1) --·
• То m�r mindl, - ..
• l io 011 ) ю tli� \•il h ._
• 1 1 opit,ion i 1na1 ...
• Ai .1r а1· 1 .im ooncerntl'd, ...
• 1 е< n1plc LI.'�' ug� h:11,witl:i -· _
1 tmngl j ) di · r 1Jш14 ·i1J1 ...
• 1 аш юtпll)' agaiп 1 __ _
] oouldn't agree more tholЛlfith ...
] COldT ln '•t Юi: 1· grc m11rc lh:11 �rill1 ...

On th. oth r h 111d, tl1 r arc r iп

i�dviшt. g to haviпg rour о, ·n car.
J \ve / he:l,p / lde·rl)' � 1heir 111,,1 - Ье (l 'i r
iг.;.11, atiп: 11·:i,� t h- muinl:Jin�d an .
· .g l trong6 ixiff!t• t/u,I н showld /1' lp tlu: eMerl)r. lf'щ: ��'CJt" tQ do
1

repair-ed 011 е regыlar has.i . Tbarefore

thi.<r ll1l)II 1l1eir lii 1v:o11/d IJe easier.
}mi 111:1ed to ;р nd I oon, i leraЫe 2 uH tuden 11 arn I foreign liшgua;g,e har,1e t1etter ctir er
mou.nt of шоm у to k ер tJ1 J in opportuniti�
.:Ood oonditicш. Mor,№·er ,dliviпg c-an
,omcl'in · е trem.e,Ji r '\re · ful. f or
am 1 1 ing caugl1t in а tm fi,c juш
ts not only irritating but aJso lime­
ю i и 1'111'1g.
4 [есшаg • 1 [ 1 p.1rt-tim.1; jo
\1 lм11 i 1.1, n1a in idea of 'thc р.1 ra-

Ь)
rзpL1. \\JЫ Ь 11ю11 · il in.·
ba.t upporting sen� n d
.- е t wJ do / 1 unн:1 r v ,,.·ork QUr communii� Ье а Ь t er pla · 10 li\·�
the \\•rit�r i 'е.
с '\ Ы 11 li пkiпg wor
Ll1c '1/ riter u!.ed? · u
-uitaЫe \Vord · pl:irase v.•hich 1О U е BfPPl'Oprja�e е.хр,11е · lon to ,е· :,and th prnmpts bel1J �, to n1·. ke
coul rep!.t · . !J rn·te,n� , , , pre ·11:g an ,op�nio:n,, а :in th . ampt .•.
1 i1н:1rde о / pmt �t I envf rш1r11cn 1 1 е pl / • t rip III t: / pl;•::.1.i hag.,:,
В ,R • d 1Lh: t,upit ·tm1I ntlr · шr1d /1 !lt!mM· 1,; те llial, !11 mrl r lt1 рШ11!Сl rlw m·1m11m1:11l, penpl(• ,\·ho 1/J .vJnp
wtabl:e, upp t·tiit '· 11 i1rg pJ:a -Ji - bag5,
] �pcn ding m, n . /. i1p /:рас, t.н ion / l • I x.1111plt:t 1 · I 1щj u I i ie<I

3 in · rder 10 re<11 с-е / р Iltition / 1:raffic / Ье / Ь п from / ntcr / ci cenl.Тe

2 Looking it tc ре1 r )m an �пу 4 QTIEI" L щ�g- tаЫ / Ьс / much / hca1tby / ·han I 1,,•еgеtпЫ / � .n "ith
а_е d ·с.1 p!i а pcr л. · l'laract r. rh m ical f 11.ilizers

S ct1il lr�n I I е �nc )Ltti!gt::d / purii ipale in / afi r- · ·hool ;1ct1\ ri

3 Li [е iп а Jarge ily i very in l.e.resting.
Unll 1401 IDЛIПIOЛ Essors

11 а Re d tih 01 п е beJo, • 1,2 ) Ima irn . u, 1Ь I bnd а cla . di cu · 011 n oi1c. 11h ro lol'iJJ
"' lюul{J тоге prople glщ:· 11р r11 at arzd brcome
,eqi : l:ve ·nor 1 �иlfiaш. " ,ead tbe lewpul1111,J 1-"1 nnd IPO'I 11 'l.lt щ t•, th:e
орiпiоп а i:o trЬ ЮШLpJr. а ·DD ( �.Е 11· iD th. , , an1,ple.

1 . part-time: j Ь · the Ье5t ption for

S\1Ш 011с •11 Ь � wcrklng par·11r. · 1 Ea1in m aL i· Ьшl for)' n rn:J 4
I сотр/ lt:l • а tJuu а рш1.-1iте jоЬ
i.,; rf1 • Vi' , 111icm for �оп 1 1 •/10 i 2, Thi: ro re nia:n)' Ь 1th nd 5
rJ • 'Orki1i / n!'III. с t)' 'terшJri .., uvailuЫ D о
� Рн k 1g · holida re i_ al ·t'orpc: pJ 3. Вн'пg meat · cruel �о
•ho d! not. Ii · to ra,\rel �ome. a1JJiшal. D

3 В �нmirng nюr .t\'i'Пr or

cnviroпmenial OOD ш i thc on1
\'."iJ)' lt ht:lp ' OUlt рl�Ш 1,

4 Edu , tinnal .· � nda(· in. pri r

Ь oJ re иs,uall}' hith r 1han
1 пi11 ta(,, or,!.

Ь · . ad tbt �eWJ:)O rtts -. in and ·. 1!' "lh.ich Y4)U ц ш itl and

ЪJс,11 • ou mgш ,,jth. . Jttke свtе:О(;. u 0 i11g 4lljlptt1pria11e
J П kiiltg \\'О , bm i

,е ,Ja1plete ·Lbe p:1ris of' tl1 l,.ef ow UtNing • ou.r an , • fмn1

1)811'1s D, nd Ь Г-(1 11 ,·п1 id

owada ·е ar;e ofien told � bat, · hourd or h· пld not caL Нш ove I
pcrs t1al t}1 Ь. li ·-.. __ . ··-···------------···.... ··---------------·· __ ..-····--------------······....-------------------·· __ _

ь�8i,,. \ ith ......,,.-............ .... ,,.........,.........,-......�............................................

ln. adшuo,1! .......,.............................,.............. ,., ..................................,.................

Оп I е 0[11 r hand ...1 .....,.,,,,,,,,,11•1••···,,.. 1 .. ,,,,,, ,.ilii,ii•·····il··'''l-illiit ...................... ,;,,,.............. .

1
 13, R,ю,d ,1.11е extmc . hel(n\'йl!ld ау v.,l}irh are lb�in11inиs ш11d wlii ti 1111е
1,шdiog,ii, \i\rь:ich wrjting tcclшiiq,uc lш,;,е Ьес:п. l!llscd iio 11асЮ'
'\ a(l lre. sшg 111_ r-eэde dire 11 1 fa I fo d easy М11Шiаn,
В а kin rhctorical u .tion, or people witb busy
u in dir t peech/a qu tайоп нv , DD
с_п1 Ь с �f;
н DD
l Е e,nr ау \\'е h r ot n,ore. шid шоr
е. inleи.. f; 31 po r ,с
'С,. Don,I yo u tlш1k hat I ie
"""-•J\te nr.iti::.•ed wt,�11 tl1 ir t nm 1
"· � bert
i-.in.
ь .- . c
Ы 11 \\' )tl 1d е 'to tJ .с h рeopl
most f cti\'C wa:y ho '( 11\ rot ·u.ch in cп�·romncnt ОD
h _ 10 ha:ndle de е.:1 ?

а пega:ti - ffect оп ·hildlre'n, а thc only

lю, JIOUI Wflubl feel i'f }'OU
1 ЫgЬ i1:1 fat апd EIIИ • поt fre 1,
2 pa •k;1w11.g п11n-hio l gr.ttl1Ьl
d�ш . c.n ir-a11men1.
3 many 'ngrcdie11 ,гс gen ricaH
m1dш d
4 orderiц fas1 food sa es tim and
•nerg}'
5 р opl '1.r ho \ ·ork lon:g b.ou an
id up рЬо11� and order 1-а� В\'Ф)"
6 monc_y sр�ш on r� t food f r а
wcek · · enough to bu1 groc ri for
twoweek.
t4 R,f-3,d tbe ni'l1:ric n:пtl Uirнlerlt n:e tl'le r,щ ordl Lliert ц.п� t)"
tllle qoe tioos
Ь \Wlicl ,or Ch ,1� ,,1 р 1i1 t
You have had а clas:s dlscusslo a:bou1 the rallo.w(n.g SU1·te, 1 en1:
Fast food ls а good eitemalive to cooklng f.ar y,o1иself. ,agree wi;tJi tl1, i. tem. ni in
owyour l.eaclie.r llas as�ed you to wr le an essay expressing уош opl loo tl31e robric'? '\IVh"ch ,dJ а .оос-1
and giviпg reaoons fог уаш JIOin о1 Yiew.
с) с 'tb поtс iп part n tor
1 \\fhal. d� 111 ta mell[ i.n t11 rubri lii1 an? t3Jlk i:llbuut f,1 1. Foud, 11 ir11
Л 'Fa r food 1. ch р d Jic-[ou. and gi od for mi. tl�e exa11ipte,
В, Fa Hood i ,ooil :11.11ion for th . \VП ha no t i,ni - to , ok. e.g. ln tlrt! fl11iJ plllcl!, fa.�1 [mJfl i 1·е1)
о kiug i с.ш ier thtm rder_ing takeawa.. lmhм"11 '· _
2 \\1 hicn poinl ,то '011 in. )шl in 111 •. ау'
i-\ your opi, iоп В '()Uf ricnd,' · opiпior,.
·u. ti · уанr poJnt:; of vi=\ 1
16,
ч1
3, \\ 1i h lе · t1iJ uitaЫ for 1h' · · ··r 1 - forma] or iniormal'

15 ie,·,owвt . ( -
1, tiieir riш ··оп·, ·�шuр]с
1 JU ilfiittUi.tll (QГ
eacl11 v1�"1Jlloi11f,
 Т 4Ь
1 . o:k at r lt pjctu Ji ' ш1d un wc1r •hc qш . tiuo ·•
а \� 11 i1.i1 о [11 'Гollaw.i ng i. . h01.\1 111 n 1,:3 . h r,ii;шre .
l , 'r 1х Huti n .......
2 heavy t111ffi .......
31 rubb1 11 ,..,..,
1 Da an, f Ll1 ', с р 11}1 nrt!
,. · , an � ·u tblnk <:J,f .ап

Essaya provid" w oons !о р10Ыеmв. ше pieoes of Hng · h rou discuss,

а р�юЬ!вm and ils ca.usos as . as the (Щ)ееtвd rвsutts. ar � rювs of your
sugges ·ons. An евsа.у praYi([;ng sollJlio s с, proЫems snoold consist
а) ал lntrol:f'u:ction ln w · d1 you �ate lhe pr blem ar :ог what has caused il;
Ь} а maln bocly оо ооnш s of two ог or,e pa1agraphs p{iSen г.g
suggestions а,, lnei resu t'S/ooмequen�, Уо1.1 эhoutd эtм а ew
paragraph ·for each suggeэlion end lls resu:1 slconsequeлces; ancl
· с } � conc�w,0 . 111 1n wh1ch you summal'!se yot.1r ор1nю111,
E.s.says pюvfdiГJQ sol ons to problems are n0011a.lly мttten 1"1 е · oпnal or
sernt� crmal st�. depending on who is gCJing 1О read � мd �· f1s_r�
lhey are publ1shed. 1hщ are usually foo d in newspapers алd magazJnes.
lnfr uctlon
•• • ••
2 Para_graph 1
А tooal nвwspaper has asked its readers lo wme al"t1cleб enЬUed S10li11 '1 he p,oЬlen1sl ond/
"How сап wв mгl re сшr clty а belfer plaoo lo livв·?" Write youг шrticle or lhe oousetsl
su:ggestjпg ways t,o improve уоuг oty,
Muln Body
1 \ ho · ointt t r .a.d yo11_r udcl ?
2 Look al 1he p,roЫem: (]. 'Шd mat h 't.hem to Lh · lu1.iun ' · ·� . V h'i h Paмgraph,s 2-4•
r
111 � pr JЬ!4:m dl, yt 1hi11k i tl, � 1 . · u ? Can уо1.1 think of
5ugges1 lons ,а
any ин re рrоЫешs and . luLioп •
resullsl<:ons:eque e.s
:PROBLШ: OL .О
air ро luLion pr ,1,�d mo.re li.н r bin ••
2 hea.vy Lra 111 Ь mo е · а tori · ощ о tl:te ciw F in1:1il IPa1r1agrap,h
II[J 11 wh�r • t·ог �vpli.: ш � lk r епооuш е �ople 1 1 u • р11Ыi •
s mm ise: your о :inlon
� 11 \\r l1cre {or cl1ildren to pl_a)' шш. ort
cu=J Jill r dl buil · m 1n; i;mrks шid playgn.,uшls The 1'1!.11Фл af .
е buil(I w[dc ра c111c11t. 1:юdу рсжаgщюs oopend's
on f� rnп�Ьег of
3 М · 11 ·Lh Iution. аЬ ' L Ь 1 • Th n lk Ьо 1 suggesllons .,.� wan! ю
tli mke

r. 1, /fрсюр/е '1'1!' tnaяw� l

h r\; would fc'1i1 •cr 11 th road' р1Ыiс rraшpon. Ffrм: �1ю ·1/d �
/riJ r cars rm rh' nюds.
Lhc air Vl'ot.11d 1ю longer Ье· dan cr us to b,reailш J ,е si1lшlci 1,rm·klc тше iil!l!r
hildr n l\r'tшld ha , S'Ome, her safi to pla_ Ьiпs. lf i "в did d1is. tl1e sltmJ
р upl would 1ю, hl 10 mo •i::: юu1.шd mnrc • 'i]}, \"Ol.11d Ье rlea11f'Г.
g4,
 U Н 1411 Pr1�vlding Sulu ions lo Pr Ые,

• ec1111d uggestitm i!. • rcsr1ll /со11 eq11e11r� • 1а1е 1/1f! lдvblem

'' ШlllllfllUt! ' l4f ЩJi11io11 • lJrinf sщ_rgc.�1icm
• fir-sl ·и.� ti, щ re.n1·/1 !w П'IJlf 11с , 1111. ·fсш1, t!quenc

hy Jl!'nnifer Jlil er

P.ara 1

Para 2

Para 3
То mak.e suggesUons:
А use ul suggesl1oл wouJd Ье to -··
А olher so ulio11 ...
Para 4 ... oould ЬesoNed Ьу ...
S!eps/Meas res S:houlй Ье La.1<en
in ome.- ID sahrcldeal with ...
Апоthш 1,ау to ... s/Woutd Ье 1:о •••
The 1itua: '011 co�ld Ье impro"ed if
IPara 5
/Ьу ...
lt !.!OU\Cfl Ье з good icma if о ...
• lt would help И youi\!re/et:c ._.

То preи11t ries,u1ts ам
can щu:ences:
This YIOUld ..,
Thвn ...
Ву doingi this, you/we:/e� \'ICuld __
1 ... .. . , е resu I would Ь
Т ее ее conseq е се s.s-1..: :"
... wcи.t d ье ...
in1 lн.:r in1rotlu ·1i n? \. l1at 111 h15 way ...
 4 .Read the nte:nc . · md u 111 · \\'O:rd. рЬ1 es iп. br&!c:k 1 ·to fi IW in 6
'tЬ. ЬIJanks а m �Ье -. ащрlе.•
iC}N (КОрlе sl tll� recy 1 � pa.p-r. tlir1111 ... ii.iiillilillil,ji-i1illlllilljii•ili•il••••lilil•ii•l8•ii,,,,,., •••••••

------·-·-·······-·--------··---�·,шr-.......--,...-..,.. ,roo... woul Ье iha re, r lr�es \\,' uld

ha 10 cuL do\ n. ( 1 re ,dt Тh. · rt ·u.lt thti )
urglari� ha1,·e. inrre-ased re,c:eol:ly ······-· .........
,,.,1,.�•.•••.....•••.• ,.,,�,··· ••••, ••••,11,,,.,,.,,,,, .. ,, .. ,•••••,•• ".,t'''··I·"'"'"''' tl1 r.: 1 more пd mor·.�
ре pl · � шюt find а job,. clue о �пе ract Ье("3111'. �)
3 [( , ш d сз_ ·whi h run on I ad-fr petrol ..............................................
.......................... there would Ьс lc poll11.1tioп. о tha· it i rt>rmi.n rllш:t)
4 T\f pr gn,mm . ,vitli, fo1 nt ne li uld е 110\\'П ]at.e al ni. 1 ..... .н;;

......................... ,.........................................., ...... childt n �1 no· wa1ch. thtm, [!] То gin ,1+'ith, retire·d :реор!е
, . ·4il tha·I ·n unf u t1·) с u�d juin а ·.а! clu .
5 11 1 ar ро, r plant. lшu.ld · 1.l.o d w:li1 .............................................. В, 11,е pruMem n i · pt,l\u tf n
-·--·······--·........·-·······-·····-···--··�----------····· -··__ prcv.rn 1 thc risk of an aecidrnt �
ro1.1.!d. Ьс • nlved ha .in а cars пd
abait, .io rdr:r 11.0) muwrЬik • сЬе k d 0111 it regцlar
bвsi.
� Жt \'\ll."H11d Ье а go d idea for
-, а Reяdl [Ь 1titl@ l!teln� ,апd t 1.1de11 о cck tb advire or
· career ouns Jlo ·
11bm ntJI -еЬ th · u;� · tiou
ю �h.ei.r (]Olilt' pon.d:ing resuft • [о] А u� fu] . u _ tion m1M r
.e.t up mor1; пati nal par · for
·шJangered ре ·ie .

11 ...........................................................

[11 lhi \\1 3)',, 11 ·)' \ 'ould g

рщ � i rш.1 a,dvicc andl Ье lc
[ike[ , to ma.ke

1 Tak reguJarbk· eul 11,r

z .шd• •it!1 а fri _ 11 1. в W(, rk 1 'Шtl organis d
з E.at рю rlyan.gL 1 111'il'ld 1 t r nd .t1111: limc ·1, _
i:;n i1gl1 lle(:p. m1;1re p·rod11.1c1ive
2 ·--.. -------,------··-·······--------------·-············"'
4 М11:Ке а tuti plan. D сал dis,;,,J оо. d i ifJcu! · thatoomeup

Ь) m
ppr pnnt Ппkiп �··о ш
tl·..: ·tXampl
1 == С 11 tfttl 11 rio11 , llfd Ь ro rake re 1//11 Ьr:roks. м , r,es,Jlt, ·ot1r
miщl • ТJиld Ье t:feщaщl ущr щdу 1i11с �vo,1Jd Ье тщ:r prrxlrtcJh• •
96
 IU,nrr 14Ь Pl'DVld�ng Sollu1io1Js ro ProЫem,s:

3 ...............,,,,,,, ................ ,,,,,,.................,,,,,...•............. ,,,,,,................. ,,,,,, ............. а R.еш1 llt rubJiu,, t1ndl ru1ndщiin
}IUl&Olfl \\'OUld ооto intl:'ooш:e lъiglъ ше ro:r
motori ·r wh �е 'L11.e �е)' '\\'O:rd. � 11 е11, ш1 ":er 1l1e
\ chiclc.
1
c:a. u .e CXCCS. 'i� 1юi::,с,, • а JCSUll tJ) nщ11Ьсr , f IН'. 811 J ltl' °t�Ull'Г,
motшbik · \, l1icl1 di tшЬ the р�асе , ·ould de rea
1
An 8duca1fonal magazJne has
4 ........... ,,,,,. .,.............,,,,,,,,,.................,, ask:ed its readвгs to submi'I
a.rlicles discussi•ng violence оп
ТV and warys to stop this
ninial. li •in in а prutce'l4,;· 1 haviпgi negativв eftвots оп
en'!'ir nш 11 t have а nш Ь Ь Н r yo(mg peopre·.
сhащ; of Uf\Wal, Morcov _r 11a�onal
J Hov many h u ofТV d you wat,ch
р. rk oi1ld p.ro\�de progrnm� to cvel')' day'! fJo � н , i'\[cJ1 iole111[
hclp th aniшals bre "d, У
1::п· raшme оп Т ? Iп. whвt \ ,ау
dn yot1 1]1it k Lne 311 lнi.nt1·f ul',
7 tl:Jc ptv:mp Ьelu, , шr,1111 p;pro;pri, t1· linkffi11g "нd phrn · 110 ,пit • 2 \\l'h.ch of the oUO\\r1ug ugg, "' 1i п
uppertin11 • nte111� fl!tr t.Ье pЗJragraplis ·th, t оl!с:ш, а im tht е:�1 )ple. , auld · u nшk '! ick �).
А thro\\' uut ·ou Т - 1 О
•· k.cep / L)Ut idc of / lюu..'iC- / wc J-1ii / t niпl1t m.
В оошр] 10 you r lool1 ТV 1a·tion
•• i n 1 ;111 / ali:1rn1 . у i.c,m аЬоu1 tlnacc ·pt.iblc. pro�amn1 ·'
VI ·. id I n,aki11g / 1 u / lo k I glamoroш and th h urs lhe_ зrс s.h.O\'\r nD
' ·re11t ш:-1iоп-ра ke 1 ,..id ·. lor
То begi11 .ith w ·1ould make ure 'tiшl ·ur bou · are. поl Ьш·�м fiit:ndl '•
For exampk а II efui su stior1 iimttd Ье t'o k.eep 1/1 � oшside о/ 1/1е hoi1se 'Wfll-lil
your child.ren to watcb. О
,D, look ,н rh · �ide and choose
11111igh1•...............................................................................................................................
proo .anim ·wltirb .arc s11il.aЬlc
• ,vorkin out / lhrec Lim / wce / d
.finir 1',
for blldr· п О
/ l:Jelp / lo / ,,., ·i�t / ke р fil 1 ur i:li "t i1, tli1,;ir
• follo�\' / 11 Jthy die:i / t р / •,1t
/ juuk food
Ьedroom О
0\\1 mill 11 the t1gg tio . ( · -Е
tn thcir r' ult.. belo '·
ео ndl , il. \\'Ould 1, • .i , юd tde.1 io jQiri ,1
g)' D• •••••• .,.,, ................... ,,.,,,,,.................. ,,,,,,, ••••••• II[] ·our hild·re11 \\IOuld watc.h
onl� d1.1.Catioз1al and, li0n­

ш=�
viol1:l'II prouramn1� ·
Т\/ ta!ion uld Ь
• usc / n,,1runm ·ntall .:fri .nd1y p·roduc1. / 111:.'lp redu / walcr роИШiО1'1 ооп in i.:d. t, .air ccrtain
•' p1ant 1П � trees I ю 1bi.1t t [liert / Ьс / m r o,q•g,en / w r l'larid. r. progrm1.шe· late al. night.
4 W.n \ hi h pa.r grnpb houbl 011 1

Fin 11у., tc-p Ъ uld Ье tak n ro .ltelp . 3\"" our planer. .................................. ·tat v.1 l1aE tli p:rohleш i ? \\l]1в1.
u • ul 1,·0CiiЬ1.1lary c:ould ou u . \О
intтod'u� u ос ttori ? I11 . lticl,
par gr3pl1 .11( 1.11d ·щ1 ·uп1m,1ri · _..
your opini n?

9 1
Read tW.e rubr.ic i п, ; . ' il · 1.11
ond нrit,e yo111r a:rtiri!e (].21-.ll О
и1 1 rd • е • о�..- оо "''. r r :m r
Е i fo I tp • Oll, U thi
nrtic[ im Е./, 3, а m d 1.
 u 14с
L Look .at tbe pkture · пd ,1111

''{!'
1-,]m;v w 1ld i• eJ if it w lorn I wn to 11ave а mo rn Ыосk
of offices i:ш ilt in its pla · '?
с) [f }l'OU nt d oth r r id nt to know wbat. ·011н � ,нс.
Yl'lщ!d tt u "'ri\e; ,1111п.t\1v ? а nc · repol1 �• leIO:r lo lh edilor
of � local ле\ , р.в.рс.r?

Lel,ters 10 the edit-or of а 11 wspapef or m�ga ine аrв wlil:ten whвn vou wanf to
e.:irpress уош opin·on atю.ul а [орю tha o1 lnt,eгest to the g.eneral рuЫ!с, ta show
у<щr agr�!Зf'lt or disэ,greemeri · or 10 · iscuэs ,а ,probftm а d suggest so/utions,
· e'tlers to 1fle editor shou d con ·s1 о .
а) .an lntrodШ'Uon in whit:h you cJ�ly give lhв reason for ,vfi iflg wкi 'fi opiniori
aoou the юрiс;
ate: 1r your lrztler · . wп · en f lep1y о а о вr lel er or а. ic е уо shou d a.lso
mentюn wnere and � уоо read as, we as the name е, pe.rsoo v wrote
iL
1Ь,) а main bo(Wy [n which you 1лемJ1n the proЫems and 'their aanseq ences ог
u
suggeooans and reslls 111 separate pшagrap'ns :
с) а ,cмc:lusion ill"I nic уоо summarise you oplnion or res!ale il using diffe enl
words.
letters to · е ediюr зге usualty written in а · ormal' or semi armal �е. •
IPoragrap,h 11

reason ar wr'lll11g .and

2 Rradl UJ · шbric and 1.11mdcrlinc dic ke ' ,.,,or l , l.hrn ,- - . r ..Ь qu .�tiu0fi. your oplnlon

Тhе local council о е town you live in nas decide:d to, ЬUikl .а large sha,ppiпg Mal,n -od
• • • • • • • •
oentre. Wr le а letteir to, the edltor of е local newspa_ger expressing you
views оп 1Л s matter·. Parag1rap,hs. 2-З "'

Who i going 1о ret1d yourr le (cr', proЫems ond

corisequences ог
1 \tVlшt . ih-· rui п Гоr ,,rri1ing Lh · 1 t1�r sug;ge.sl ons :nd results

4 -) J th, re о: - ppiвg сс1нrе iп yQur t 1\ n? ou bLJ the:rc? I. it papular • ......•.

Со 111clu1·1on ....• .
wtth l1oppcr".. 1
'11, Which of Llщ fol1 ing I mb'I п can а h ping ct":11trc cauoo? Т'i k (,/ .
nn� - po!tu1i ·п О
Ьеа , 1:ra,ffi О
Jiit r in t:11e. tr I О.
а pollutiQn О S1. mmarisetrestate your
opinion
t) Would u �ke а uew happ.mg о n·t:re near your h u ? \ bat wo11"1d, Ье lhe
adoit3nt.1g o:r 1..ii. 3i.Jv-,н1tag. -. Thtnk about: rowde:d sl · с n eni nc ; • rhe riumЬer of maln
n · /. ir polJution: ri ty o,J h р : kaffi : maller hops cJ in dон1: ho ЕЬе Ьаdу poragrapf'\s
IП" , ·� '11 ch п с:: е may а у de:pe,ndlrig
on 1 - е rubric.

98
 З ,а №ad t[1e fetter beloiv an,d. l.3bel tl е
pun1 ,_phs witb 'lli , fic dli:ng ·::

• с,есолd problem and

cmi е11ие111::� То i r I lte:: 1 �m wri rng Q
• П.'Gsm1 /unvritiпg rmd • e,xprнs 1my appr-o\lal/dis:aipproval
ор1111011 olfsupp-orl. lor ...: 1 am wf lftlng wi
4! ,пz.trlll/lШ),' of OJ)UllOIJ regэrd 'to ... ; 1 м, wn· ·ng аЬоu .•. ; 1
• fiтsl prr1blem IJ!lr1 have jш,1 нэаd а ... 111 уа г ... aЬout
-01 щt�епш ... : ее
1'о stale ynur ор lan; 111 my ор nlon
••• : 1 (do nol) reeиьeneveJ thinl\c ... ; 1
D�r ir/� ad,1rn, am jtolally) op,:юsed loЛn favoш oi
. ••• ; 1 s-trongly agre-e-/disagr,ee wilh ... ;
j мn , riLing ,1t ut Tre n I О 1trn il' . d ·i n tt) ·u ud I i:ge Parai , ,etc
i �Jю;pping cent� in our town. 1 stroлgl dis.:1.r,e� v.•il.h l.his • То е �ress co_o&e(!ue.ne:e rQ,ultj,;
f (le.ci i · 11 ootl I li ':ti1c il �. 1'11 lшv� п ·g.il iv , ,� iet · п lh.; fc.лvi1. Тhis wШ/w,ould me-an ... : Th,en ... ;
FirsH • а s.h.opping 1нrе will 111m Тшn[ fm111 а uiel., п,еrе ore, .•. : C-oмequen ... ; .As а
ре· _ ul nei h ur d in10 il bu�' ppjng aru. ОЬ..•юu .• IPara12 resull ... : l'I we ,doldid ·this .. ,:
�шrt: мШ Ь an in re in tL1 ,ат :unt о tr'i}ffi. :ш.d th ,OЬviously ••• ; Clearly ... ; elc
пumЬer ре ple con1ingJn10 t m. ,· а. юult, r !i!iil"I IТer • Т:Qi 1' t vou, · ·· if11 : f irs v ... ; Firsl of
i
• rrom both air and no· pmlutioл. all ..,; Se(ondly ...; Furtheirmore ... ;
-! ec.:on{II; (he нрре, r:ша: of Oil!J[ 1 М11 .,,,,,,ш с:Ьапgе. What 1s more ,,,; �!ly ... ; nalty ... ;
::li!i
comp]i;tely. Jn ordcl for 11'1 l1opping i.:ntre LD Ьо uilt. etc
om of ur , Jdesl ,зnd m I Ьe:шtiful bui1din� "'�Н bave ta Q.. J 1e11er.: 1 l'lope my
Ье !om. d -. in. Th. r f .re, Тr-ё 1'11 •. umшndiп _ а, w 11 \1. comrne,n sls ggestionsfe-tc wifl Ье
оо
··bt1.1ac:Lt:r 1,1,1·ill tJ lr ed. taken I о conside.r.atio ... : 1 оре
.,. Т um up. 1 зm rar.зll ор d Lo [h С ш1 t dcci,!;io.r1 • the governmen floi:al i:oune:il/нe
�
= 1 П iL will h '11 ·пл [ r ·1 rent. 11 •qшшtly, .1 � ре will ... ; 1 hop,e somethlng, ill Ье
j th111u the 00011 ti т11 r �щ tcr i dtci! i n. done ralюu 1№ u gen�y. e-tc

У 011 faitbfull
Mrll}' Swашюп
:5 ·яеаd tbe lelt: 1111 IE:1.. 3а ; gatD
·• nd U!QdeтHite lhe \\'11-rd.J
phra th ri1t r Ьа u , d
1·1ti Ь I о, appear :ilil tlile 'lаЫ
4 Rмil ·Ll1e lett(!<r .api1n a,idl . om1.,11Jete Lhe 1 · 1t]e lhat follo�·
1
'fJ1 :п 11n·· · · аЬо,,, • 111 111 rep�ate 1Llio
· пt псе п П11 tbr с..�вщрlс. · rdl ·,(ph1r ·,е , ·,ь,
··uitab]e
alteтщ1lw�, lп t �е е; amp.le.

-
"D1
...
о.,
PnЫem
g. J аш �,·nriлg o.lю11t :, f ат м1т
liE\I l:L. it/1 reprd lo
'iii,
� • 1 �jnmg!y illrr1gret> i1·i1J = J
opposed to

.g, 1111.1 атщиu of lrajfl(; 1md ,ттlю ofveople • ill ic 1rcnл1 r. ;1 " resи/1, �'t'
wШ ...
 Пnit 14с �eri·,ers lo 1 е Edi1o.r

6 [ .,_ LI е pm:n1p'I h _lв,,11 t1 wnte [ul 1 • е111, Щi , ш i 'Llte , , зrnpl а. \Vlia:1. i Н1 r . n for writi1, a1.J1
1 Н r'/
l 11pшiiuL1, f n�d /tJ1illd / m re ·bool, . ·ь, V hi;'l'i i ihe \'\ -iter' opiпior1 in ш:h
lfl ту opiлi(m, Il'C 1u:ed to builll more м:hr� · •Cft$e'?
2 JJ trongl_ lкli с I drivin t / пшkс I morc. difficuJ1.
f tI01!g/)' Ьelie,irc rl101 rfie dm 'in · tm .. i 1kt Ье mnde 111u1 diffir;11l1.
1 / р :d / oon lrructiш1 / ne" mo!On\rи

4 f1111Ьещю, I 001J1.11cil / рП111·i l • J шш spart: cr:.nt •

:5 ·1 I v rite / expr I di рр

6 1 / feel / ca.rs 1 Ьаn / ciqr centг

7 J / think / nюre pali . ШtL:11 I patrol / our / n �ghoourh rn:rJ c,()Jl!lpc1rues lн1v n :.1 1
· r �n • hedul
[]IJ all 11 р open :г )Ш l mri t<
Q р1 1 durin ili w ek
, 1 / hope / c:omment l lake I соп [dernLi n II[] р d tnm alwa, u с zebra
cru ·ings
[!О all Ьlock. Q[ fi:;its bav.e �r.u.ri t •
gшиds
7 Fi;r t mat('b th. Ь gin п1i п · ":fli tl:icjr •пd' n • · , 1!11d I ltt::n "1D, , · _ r tlili: []IJ airport bнilt" k111 М.\1 а frori-1
(JU1e t�nn. rhat fo!lo\,1 •
ity centre
[]IJ Lh� ne, рё-ч,еr tщve "'' kl
i.1ppJ�щent rш t1ltural
hаррепjпо "' in lcwo

RE
[К) av � lhe. ri ·k r)r iцg l1it ъ.
2 am tlng bom: re.t!f( g p1a11t о ье ii ln ovr I.OWIL То m-y m А�. i s high tirnв we
did s.om�\hlng Q lp (1111' erмronrrreпl.

'Е �.g. 1- С
u ....,.,1
at&. А . all, и,
8 • i!J m� Of!U1LOC1 а moOO!fis� soould Ье more oorn;id 1,1 ту opi11i 11 ,all c<Jmpo11ies sJ1m fd
- roз.ds. lшi1e fle. ible lt'(ll'king ihttlule.1. ты�
1 lJl1M mctm tlш/ enrpJoyee rou!d ht!
1

abl 111 cl1oost d1e luшrs 1itt11 stй :hem.

100
 Onir 14с ,LeПers I е t II r

9 о 11d tlie rnЬnc .and 1 Who i iПР t , rr d )14: r lcttcr. Но \\{(IU ld you t, n
un.der] ее ttie lke · · ,uruls, 11 lor rritin уоuг leller'.1
tl]e:n ап c:r Ье que �io:m ••

You sa t the news report 111 Ma�cfl tlile f:.:iciliti in ,co'lumп io tllei r roortioo, iп ro�1111mo В.
Ьelow i.n Monday's edilion of Theo, а k an,d nn . · qu lion. а · in tbc • mple"
1

!he Rosemary Telegraph алd

have dccided to ""'"ю а letter
to tlrte edrit,or maюng
suggestfons on 'how ·to make
1he p.ark more appealing.
' l�mn
l а· nack Ьаr
.,: drf king rL tnfltain.
3 111�., s:a11dlюt�·, t
!J '1нun 8
l!iring : ur Wr<'n � d ;шl..l havc .i pi ·nk
1D , ) h )"011r hand ·hangc ЬаЬi nap,pk tc
hav� а d 1 rink \ ·h ПС\ r )' u ai: t11ir 1,
О пjа .i oool driпk аш:1 lшvе sош Lhiпg
1.

4 pknf taЬlc li- it to at

·u е i�:,;lf.. ni. bt Lhc pu 11 · 1,iwt ri L�п I dro · ul Ы h ui, gra1.111d
\ос�] cotшcil 'inaLl, С. litter bins F hildr n сап play �1.lio:I�· ancl ha"'' � Гun
of
d i, d in [а\'• ll.f
ma.kin 1to m;:u'}'
atk 1 =D ; Do ynu rlri11k ll1� park 1:oa/d lш1· а 11 ck oor?
ppeali п т.о the В: Yes. 1 do. Т1iе11 we 1t ufd Ье Ые to rtj ,v а cr:юi ,dn11k GJl(l /1m·
mor
1щ•1hi11g /ig/H t C(ll.
ciL . id. 11 • After а
r
· • he
111(шd :i 0,f di s.c�i01 с \\ a.·t 1· е do ·ou think ·· park h uJd Ь ,:, ?
spend
, nun ·t а re� t11
OIJ
J11 r l.han ;о, , U, 1О 1R-ad [li , rи.bric i 11 х. 9 an.d. tl1 n , 1-ер ort alin and ,,�·� your
1 i!
1

· ()Ш
it11tpro,-in с t. Т [ti(t {U.fl-180 wшпl 1, U f.' ,o,ur ап \\'еп from Ь. 9 [о belp �·ou. L -
1, 00 '" ,rk
р1а n io comp,
1

r. е 1, t .r i1 Ех., 3 31. ,1:1 .шod.el.

n11, tl1e park Ь n L
_Jun
 1 O'IJ ill мr dl' ru iio:п aOOUJ[ а J е,аНЬ farm. :Rlad 11.11 que: 1:iu.n,1a1� u, - ь�
hеш 1-:slCD �о tb • с."8 - tt� �n,d tiC:k / 1111: ·1.1:rге. �. IЬo,;i .
i tL' o .а •a1i.n to 611 in
1

�Ье .niis ing iJD omщtlon. Иn:all_ - е 1[11: tal1fe to tn llk about tl · е lie· J tl :Гarm.

E'):e,e1tent Good "ve,age Poor

u1.'l�"i�t -;.,'tяп U"";.\ �'r

IL.occillon D D D D
сnщ 011'!1 hovr from ...................................... ,... U,o n,e<:!1 resl siatlon twenty •mlnu� а,,,:ау

D D D D
................................ courts., Ьeou1ifut torge bedrooms. а swtmml!11!9 ,,..............................

mony on offer•••••,,,,, ••••

D D D D
Ch=Olc,e. QII worn.cteri'(ul

,о о
,,,,11н-ttt,1itt-t11•t11tl'lff,flt'ltf'ltllf!tttifl'l!!l····••••otttt-•••,ttttf!lfl·•••

D D
ratil'ler .......................,. ....,.... and tast,ete,ss, bu[ I.Ow ln ra1 and v,ещ ................................ .

Generat Commenls
Oak onCJs' ·faciliities ·very ........ ,..................... .... : an e:i«:ellen1 ...., ................................ 0;f
treotmen;ls ,avclta:Ь[e; food roU,er ............................ - 'l'le ment11could Ье lmpшved

Repor!s аrв rюrmally wnl:ten rог somoone in authori у te,g. your eгnp�oyer, ihe locгl !l'ntrodudio
••• •••••••••••
oounc;il, the haad of а oom ittee, elc алd oonl-a� fэ.ctual ·nrormation.
Asse,sment rcports pres�rrl ood e!lalua.te ltie po.sr1fve d nege.wг qualitle.s o'r а. rwэм 1Poragr,oph 1.
Q.&. an empf.6yee) or а uШ ing� laoo �.е. а hotel, а. reeta.u ant, а · р, а cinвma oomplex, stote lhe purpose ond
1е1'с) 1n Ol'(!ler ta ma!<e а · eme.n't or reoomme-ooa. · n aьout IMm. co11ren1· о · your eporl
IProposal reports pres.e t sug-gestlDns, plвns or decfsioos aoout Мше аrоош,. ма1· воdу
IReports shotild' со sisl ar:
а} an linh'·oduc,tton i icn you .SliaJ е he purpose a.nd ooni:e t oi tne report;
····· ············
Ь) а malr1 body ln wh dh you pment e.ach i:opk: ir, detail nder su:t!;lble subneadings, 1Parag11aphs 2-5'":
(lhese· hlfci1din95 introduce lne: юрiс or 111е para.gra,phs, so you d;0 nol 11eed !о start sumroor .se eoch ро1 u _
eaeh paragraph witл а l.o;pic sen.ter,ce): suitoЬ subhsQ ngs
t:} а ;on,;luslon whkh �ummafis�.s, the- inform:alio:n rrO'm ·11е main body and st.a:tes . s mnent: роо' ive
;,оог 9&.neral asses:sment а d/or recommendatio:n. 1negallve po·n1s
• Reports are Wl'illei"I in а larmal, impe ·onal s�e. You sho 1di use racLual lзngua.911:.1. Proposaf·
pasS:ive voioo and ru'II YerЬ forms. You Etюuld als.o write rairly shon sen�011ces to suggest ons/
hel,P V<JIJГ reade p.lck out tne rnlormatlon 100 ·1у. Present terne.oo 611 е nom,alty used 1 гecommendotions1
for aпessment 11r1ports. Pas renнs ,cm, Ье us.ed for re-pмs ela1ed to pas events.

•
Modak., oo:nd onaJs or w d are nomwly used or 1proposa.1 1rei:юrts,
ou sho1.1ld alw ays Ьвg1n уоuг report Ьу sla1mg wllo th; report. fs addressed о алd
••COncl
••••s'lon
••• • •
wпа elr· po�t1on 1s, 1ne м1tег's nam� and posrtion, t · е report is а. ou1 and Fin!Cill PQMgraph:
tne о·а.ю. � а а�� ond/
1r�1JП1Пs"пdatfш1
e.g. 'Jio; Т1"Ютвs PfeS'COt Chaimian о1 CtшnciJ
f'ют: Мш)'Scatl; Sen!orМaneger "' The numoer о mafл
�t: Big Scmвn Сiпвта ,GtJmp!eX parographs mcJI/ vcry
Dat� 3rd Jlmв,, 20\ .• пере ng оп lhe rubrfc.

1012:
 1 1
rmп 1 1:5 Assessmenl оп� P rooos1ol n:eD,orls

2 R�ad tl_e n..il n_ ...

nd u:nder�in ·
tl1e key o:m , tm.eo .:in,. •,е t'h.
qrue- tiOD' ,
You are ал assistanl manager
tor an intemational pu1Ыishin9
oompany whlch is prodш�ing а
Ь U the. adje tl below ·to d) riЬe th · oodl th er.·ic the price
апd Lne .нmu:spber Ш · r1; .ttir.шt, 3S in I h · examrtc.
delicioш, expe1rsire, re.laxi11g, d.isgttsri11g, rюis , !о ;. , re,шmabl ', ejficieш
·�g. 111е foшi i1! ... i.s delicim ·,
3 rГ
Rcadl th · п;port !Ьеlо, ' nпd ·u_nd ве the oorre ·1 \\'Ord ") iu Ьold.
П1 n.r u. tl_e ul:llteadiwi froп 1ll1e lii ·t to fШ im 11111 Waпks.
1

tourist guide to restau:ranls in

уош country. Тlhe mana91,,Jr of • f'ood • Almo ,pi,i r;: • Recomm •n.df1licm
your oompa11y has .asked you1 • St!r v ice • Price.s • J1,1tmd11 :iio11
Lo assess а r,estaшant in your
af\ea to sв-е if it is suitablG for
tourists оп а light Ь udget. Write
уош 11eport describlng the
resl.auranl j s tood, seJVfoe, prices
апd alпюsphtэr,e.
То: М'r А J Williвms,
� ager,
What i tli !lim ,oflh' r port? , hat Burton Publ1shlng
typ or repo:rt hould )'0111 ,\тit ' from; Milton Briggs,
2 Who · goiпg to rcad your r port t
Assrs
апl . anags
&-Ьioct: GasDghts Reэmшanl
J What i you r р it i я, acoo,rding t DaLe: 21st July, 20 ....
liш rubric?
Л шаnа С[ о[ tb. rompany
В .1� i 1 .• nt m1:1_11agcr ...о А) ···--·······································
rcpш1er Тhе aim af'thls щpart ts to asse.ss
:в suitaЬillty о G.aslrg111в
4 What doe "louri. � ш1 а i:ioib.l IR:estaurant lc:ir lautisls on а lfghl.
uclge t mea:r:1 . budget.
5 \. hi 11 о i· tl1 _. · 1110\ving ти�I 1 В) ···········································-·
inclшtcd in thc rcport. .1ck '). Gaslignts seNesi good quality meaJs.
izc. of r taurant D 11 nз.s а mde· variety о e1e11cio s 1оса1 and rntemationaJ diShS$ 1) as we11
В [ocatitJri f )'Our t. ;,,vn D astbut· an exceJloot choice 1;1f s1aurs nnd desserts. The rn.en 1 2) and/atso
qщ1]i of food о i olш:fes а 111umЬer о Frerюh specia1iues.
D \Vlrшt l11c atrnospher i like D С) .. ...........,,..,...... ,,.....,............
З,) Nevertheless/,De:spll.e lhe fact that lht1 &ШJJ· а1: GasЩJhts Fteslaшant me
D
1

Ь�н ·1·1� • - rvk� j li'k

F ood апd Ь d р in or th ·
i' welJ-ttaiмd алd ро ile, н1е s.efllice -t'М sometimes Ьё slo.w. Тn�s can Ье а

r ·t:auran1 D ...
':
::Е'
prohlem w e.n the res aural'lt rs · ull.
,D,) ....... , ....................................
G ltJCi:ili n о' re 1.аш шн r
D The р ·CEs are ,q1.He reas:011в.Ьle. 4) Allhoug However, some dl.shes. such
Н1 l1i0Mш p1·i D as the rrencti speciali ·es, are ramer e.xpeлsive.
] opcпmg l10ur о Е,) ,.,. ..,,,.. ,....... " .... ,.,,"...... ,,... ,��....., .......,
6 \ J1 1t ·t le ::;11 11ld Gastlghts rias а. cl1arm1Filg аоо relaOCing atmosphere. 1he Ьас g,ound mus·c
is 1pl'easant 5) цd/too the solt lignling (ireates а cosy almosphcre. These
elem€nts, oomblnedl willl lhe rnodem cfecor, арреа.1 Lo customers of all
ages.
r tli follo� ·11 qu:C&tioo . F) .......................... ... ......-...·····
а Н, v ofi п d )'0/J ea:t out, \iV hat 1 6) AII in all}Even though IM service can somet·mes Ье slow, Gasllg.hts
�1\'ЩJrit · f .. ННIПШ '? Qife-r$ first-clas.:s · ood ,at геаюnаЬ рг ооэ. 7) T,here1o:rr н·owever. t t, ghly
Н[}\ mucb do you u uв.U�, pend reoomme d ·s cen1ralty..Jocated res· aurant or touritts o.n а tight ЬL.ldge .
, ..,h "О j'OU al OU 1,
Unl'l 15 Asse,ssmen! D1n1� Proposol R1epor11s

Ь Re d tlle ·р rt · · D nd ШII 11 ·tlle 1аЫе .ilh 1111 · :JIO it' е· :tau nt.
l1e1r, 1u е tl е if.lllormп�jon, fo 1811 l�Jui tbe - . 11, um1,t.

P,u i fi ,с' Point � gпtive IPoint

F od

, "rv ice

Prioes

.tmo·,ph r

с, W1шld у· u reco:пш1en;!J. f13 Jli hf . R taui nf! \\Ъ, not ? :ь ОЬ е 6 ,of tlrte f0Шlo"ti11
, u l>htadi1111 _ Ьcl:w, �о mпCr.11
1Lhe t:x1m. . i.n pзrt а •
4 а ppmpriat- li·nkiiog, v·1rd J
[!Ш Recnююcnda:ti n
/ri1\И:''11'f, [fl ad,Jitioл, th�-rfore llN; 011' 111 • o/h(!f /mlll/, um/, all/1m1g/1
[]:О .Deoor and Аmю piвc-re
L _:1 ;on :шd .д се�,
aitenшti 'f{
D F�
1 .ппu I m1щ·1bers.hi? f• . а1 rh Littl - Da S po m С nrre з.n: q1.1it [Ш] Fa ilit'
[][] AvaПвbllil.)• and Вооkiп
reea.son�Ы . Hm1,ever lшr a.re по peciaJ pri оа red or ·Lud1:ш1 · aod
• tшg р� :tp\i: . rnI] Food
.1 То um u.p lh .local mu 11111 i1a int r 1i11 1iblt tl1at wUi ш: ct
1,ooichildr, n. lt · 1 f;lJilal 1 hoi · f. r th
i
• cliool '. da • tr p.
'1101.1 ca1n 5'tart а rep,o·rt wittl tt.,e
; ..................................... ·ihe functt<HI r п of Horel [t )'111 не iJIV,1iluble
foHowllilQI phrases:
for bookiдg throughout th ycar1 t!1c� re ойеп ·full 1 booked Гron1 The purposeJaim of h,s report is lo
· , -m r to January , ......... ,. ...................,.., tlJ у ca1er r, r Chri ·tm· · , nd assess...
N , · Уear ра ni d.uring 11i criod. hls: epcril was caпled out oassm ...
м requвsmd. Uiis reporl s 10 assвss .••
-4 11 rcst.iUJrant offcrs а ,ide cl10i of d' · 1е a.t а f(l[lgt: of p-ri · ·, То епd your rвport: you са11 use, thв
........................ , .........,.,,., .. , buJf I ar: . а ilablc а 1 • r ЗiSOB<11bl: :rar • foltow,[1191 phrases:
.................................................................... ther are f; w geLarian d!isiшs. On ' he whole, .. - о sum up, .../А11 in
a'lt ... ln conctusion, ·�
5 11te lшНrш .R ·пuг,1П1t ·is lt са1 d о:п th . 11Lh bank of tlзc ri ·r .............. lli1 spi!e of lhe ( E!!CМ!inrages, •• J1 wou1d
а il,. ас.се fuic Ь)" und- 'QJ,!,OUDd ..... ,, .................. ,111н••••·•,.,...,,... 1t
(по ) recommerid .../... is (rio'!)
Гоr tl1 'e wl, ·r1111d i.illюr wre 1Ll1
o o Lhc nuнb
bt1· reoommёf1ded .../... ls too su,t.a.Ьle · 01 .•.
q uar ра diire tJ i1) &on t of th r, . Jaurant.
 5 lk'i'd f!hi.: mhric un-d u:шf ,rlim lh � word' , th п 11 9 Th · с ·tn1 t
You work fo а compЭJl"ly 1iчh.i� is !annin.g to hoJd itз ann:ual winter
excursion. Тhе -мr,agвr' -as asked yot.1 to •mi е з eport abou tli'te
su:ilabllity ar 1he Mountain High Holel ror the exoursion. Wrile your
repol1� including irnorma ifoo aboUil rooms, fac:ill6es, foo.d and cost.
,as w,ell as. comm enli11g on е мte1's 9,oodl nnd bad points.
finally, 2:a•/lt;m, 1vhar i nwr e, for
1 W11н1 i 'lhe ain1 of tbl r�port' \\fl1 1 ; ре of rep rt h uld you � •rire'. е. Z1m 1le, fо. liimzobl� tlt r '[оп:.
1 \\111 i. l)ifig 1) rl!3d '(.'Шii' r !') rt?

6 .а· � d 'tbe р11 mp:, Ьel.cr and matc:h tk m 10 1h 001Т tt

,. no ;pecial I�[es for group

"'111 �-,- _r H1an tl1ir11y pct pl�
·• free kiiDg lesson
,11 1hr�1.11-i,,L'1r _ · -1arurant
,, no i f -rl1one. ·n r\ ni
• ,, d' h,;; for

• gщ.:. ts �.an re,11 �kiing

V
,colourТ �,quipment
• н,,, • rnm,i ·, жrу \\' ketкl 1•\l,нied ш _ 11 1

Rioo 11.:

FaoШtie;:,
Food:
,о №

11:J, V bic.hi p1.1int 111r, ро ··ti,rc авd ,, icb re п :gutivc'!'

с) ш11)r111 tbJ1d.. of "Ui • Ые ,�tn:1dпctioi:i:

d1 \ 1h t rctomщ ·iDdll'lioo и 0111d · ou i,ir:

7 ·ite yo1:1r 1·ер rt, Jl"°· ! О increa • 111 тш-Ьеrоf, t/1 аiш о/
, юrdi . - - , ·ou·r пи �,··cr frtm � х. б, to h !р у u. · ·ou МJ ·u - tb ,lz' щюni
repo.rt ln а as а ,nodel.
·-+ �

8 JlJ I (: i тittcn1 lhi гcport [о

• щmen wa . lo 2} ,get m·l!lre
for,1,;ign LIJ.d n I il,,· . ,nyt.he
· ollcge
lп. rormal ty:le u :
1 -s о 16 ad- tШ ed ,,oc:3J u.lзr,• D
2 ri� tual laпg,1.1a ,:; о 7 Гormal 'id; 01 • ifn.{J рlш fd еrЪ о
3 olloqnial expr -[ пs D 8 , i!.•t:ryd.iy OC'.ilbU I В.1)' о
4 form l lmki:ng woli hrn о 9 ра ·i е oi о
lюrt rt Ш\S D Hil jшpcrsoпaJ la111Pu.a_1c1 о
11
 1,О R · .m 01. 1111Jric and ui d rliinc
lh:c ke, �v; r-d' , tben1 _ , , r 1l1e
(tlffSti D ,

You havo а pwt m-e jоЬ 1n а

boakshop tha.t spoola 1se.s n,
educa ona1 puhllcatro Тhв
man,agш- wanis о at!ract уоц ,
9
oustomers 1!0 lhe Ьooks and
l1as as:�oo you ro �м fe а l'ieport
making 'YOIJ &ugg,estюn.s.

1 t1L. Lh .tim f ,lh�· r; ро L, Joc � 1zs . d1 Jo-es, Оwце , Вооk • orms Books ор
'\VЬ.at t rpt; f r tt slюuld) u, ri11:: From: Sm.h Tho 1 1)500, S о� asslstaлt
Sub ,tc: А rзс g уаш1g cuS'lomers
ап - m щ rc:po:n r а propo а[
repnr1'! Daile: 111 Мау, 20.•.
J, �. 1 i! goin to ri.:.id )i ur r.;port . ) ·······---�·-.. ·-······-�.. ·-. ·-·�
'ht р
ть purpose оЗ1 111 i repo 1 is to �uggest ways to anrac mш,е vпuno
cusrom r.; ю booki щ,
ple�
1!1) .........� .. ····---··-.. ·--
OS[ ol bov ro re11Uy ava able а.гс qщt acal!lemic ana U.erctore а11реа1
nd book. r lll oJoe customaв. ln о r ю, вnooUJli в more уоо III реор1е �· Ь uу
1h shop s CКJld otter maoaz nes ana tIOokS оо aplcs s ch as muslc. ·1asli[on
iiШd 1001ПJJllfюs.
в С) .........-..�·············., ... ·•п·.••••
дi presen Lhe shщ, :ю s · itionaJ ·oneiy and tale daJS lt DIJ1d Ье
gooo 1ldea о sLac ms disfgned ar young реорlв. such as sc oDI
1
equil!JПlen , poster&, &titl<er'S, s.choo1 мgs ал.а �m:вs.
DJ ........,,.. �..............................
o·s.-coшtts wou:ci e"courag �1 en1s. ro ооу е r texttюo1<s а lhe
Ьookshop. lln aod· ш1 IEtalf.вts sho d Ьв Q',iv&n to schoo and olf.eges to
malФ nt.s a\vare of ese di:;и:vunts..
hoo Е) ···-··· .... ·········"······-�·· .щ ..••••
111е пsicle о ltle sl1c13 is ·very ре ln i!rld mh:r olrl-fashioned Vшi:ny1 l]eo е
u d Ье more l:ii 1D com n if , с ,tlecor as odemise!I nd t
as р � n tirtgh'I оо14)шs.
f) ...........................................
ln con us on, ll'le lюokslil!iip oulo annct youngar customers if а. ег rал;е
11 of goods w,are, stockecl, me Г\t по as m d:e m re ttra ve and spec
prfces �re о ered to s1ud ri'!s.

• l...oca1ion
., Pu
8 h l' rв1 -rior
• rhe, ri1 r m п[iоп h.er. uggesrпor1 '! '\i h"
• rpose • Ош ,r [tems un а1
• ре of ,IJooks
11i

106
 12 ) Rrad1 die: ruЬric а:пd
.Sщ�g,esti,шs
- --
- - -

ndtrline №Ь _ Jie.r t ,ord. - - --

dlen · ,1 er tht q;u tion .

VotJ have re�ndy started

wor . ing at а youth olub. Тhе
mana9e wanl.S 'Ю ma.ke Lhe
club more popular , 10· to
4-year-olds апd nas askid
you to write, а report mal<in
your suggestions.. Wrile you г G1ub open earlier
�epon (120-180 wo dз). - lfO nger
chfldren coul.d g,o
l V 1:ю iБ goiпg to пааd уш.1т reporl'? coloш1ul poslefs lhere straight
put up - mQdem from school
_ Wha[ i_ tl1c purpo of i.lJe repor['. furn flure bougM -
\\lb.il [уре or report houl.d you 'W-Ould brigh�n up
the с!u'Ь premfises
li uld )',OU u utih d in •. \\,h3t
oould hC) Ь .
• ln \ 'пich paragг.rph, '' ·hould '(IU
make: vour u i.r�i 11 '?

ь
1) organl'se ac:tiviti.es
Тell: QЭ,31�13, w -,e.g. tab .е temnils
mar111 f'l(omцi!I0.1'1 touma..ments or
- ---- - -
compoter games -
M111.i11 P11i111t.s more fun for t о- to
glve out leafJe s at schмls - 14-year:.o <ls
in[ ri r of Tho:r,н У uil1 10· ta 14'"year-otds woufd nd
C1ub - nct d t .d in out al:юli! lhe club
\'l'ay t'h:a,t appeafs to )'nun er
cЫldr n

l[П] t Choo , ui аЬ]с U:t.be:udmg _ or tht m in body �арЬ of

1h re orl.. _ h:e,n m;1 1ldl 111 m 'tu :Ь mai11 p\lin'i 1 -1) 1in purt н)
а: io 1:Ь, , fxвmp]e,
cuпe.nt. pt1Ыkil,Y по[ aimed a't
yt1u11j r l1ildr1.:п F .iliti .D D 1' DD
; u11 tlu 111 L щюn un1il pm в м .n1ocuhip .
Е Puhl,icit,f D 1
- r h r I а t fо 1 • io 14·
yi r-ol
Ор nin HouI F r�ocation i1n 1 о=
13, R,wd h. mblir in Ех. ll ,11gai111 ашl пitc your r·eport 111- l' О
'H1rd ),, е )'nur п.п ·tn. rrom . , 12 to1 � ·lp, \·щJ, ·vo� ,i.;on u� _ t _
rep 1,,t iп, Е ·. Н з, а III del.
Revision & Extension Section
 Some ruЬrics da not fall nн.tl� ·мо а sin,gle wrшng typc sucl'l as з de;scription, а
report, an opinion essay elc" lnsfead illey req re а rn.ix:lure о1 itirigi tуреэ,
e.g. " ... а lвusr .cfescrfЬ/ng а Ыrt/J'diy psrty уоо а впdвd ..: -., iэ Ьо а le в and а
desшipl:ion of а oeleЬrat!on .
. уоо a�,er а.1.100 ·ons you shoul� always reme Ьег to рау carefu att, ti to
key vюrds, ·whicl"I shQw:
l)!pe of wnting - wordsJp �es such a.s ·descaм •• ""give points- fот впd е9шпsr�
·:вsseвs··, ·rвcommвnd�. et-c ndlcai е 1J1e t.ype ot , · Jng аоо rayou ex-pea.ed,l
S1tJ!Ja1lon and intertdedl reader - key шds/phraв.es s.uch as )'ou work for", "'уоиr
tea�her has as ю уси • etc lndlcate who you а.rв wri ing to.
SubJвct • key wcrds/phras8S i dicata thв rnafn 5ubjed{�J of уош piece of wri · ng -
e..g. 'he ffflvironmen , ,еd11щ1.�·оп, а fes/ivaJ, а (9mou.."'I ре�с,п, elc.
Tcplcs ·1:0 lncl111de " m�I 'btios gille you ai lis\ of the main lo ics lo Ье included -
е .g_ '"... lлclude а descriptfrm of phystoo# врргаrалсе, pereaлaj c.Jшmclerish"cs шаd
lttstylв ... ·: hls. l s1 provldes you w1 the paragra.ph plan for 1'1е maln body yourm
р все о wriJting (в.g. pam.graph 2 • physir::al аррешапсв-; pamgraph З � pвrsoo.m
charaotefisifts:· parag,aph 4 • l�tfIO).
Ot'het poin'ts to nolщ:fe • phrases sщ;lh а$ "апd екрlа rn wh,y"" , "lhen rnaJre suggcs.1-
fon, a/:.Jonl • , "ау which you pte!at", l!rtc inllica!e �mpe tant зddltiмal зs,,peи::ts 111эt
mus Ье ncluded Jn your р к:е о wmJng.

д cl'os,e reJaliv,e of yo.1.1rs go mamed �s weeke d, Уоu:г cou,s:in, w о llves 1

i!лоЪпеr city, was no аЫе о ,со е: to th.e wedding. Writ,e а l&ner to your
c.ou,sin, de:scriblng he: w,edding. De,scrl·be 'he whole day, tncluding
preparalions, ·u,e cвre-mony imelr and some tJf l.he poopJe who эtlen.(fed.

1 \Vhat typ о оощр itio.n is thi .

1 il '1 l:ii h о 1.h ol.l ing 11re uu, s.lc d to d · rib ? Tick: ,/):

prcpшati1111 i,, tl;1,; \\•е k h •[l)re lh с •1 ·br-a'lioп D

В pr-cpa:Jrзtions ari thc- morni no o;f 1Ь ocltbratit :r
D 4 �. hi -h о lbe ГоНсw ·ing
bat1ld • , u 1.: n lu io1
ome f Lhe. people · ho came
ID ontain'? Tick (,/):
d. tl il ahour tl1'
D1 эоmе f Llвe people , ho i e:re ш:iahl.c t at�eпd о peoplc w.ho c.am _ D
D
111 ,•edding · I· m п
о 8 closing r ·mar: ·

dc ripri()n i Lh
111, rn \ hi ·h rar1 { Lh ,f_·lk·rwculd ' u tl шiЬ ·1 ·п topic? И \. m.ш_ par.цgrnph 1 Li\'i i 111 th
woulcl you n d? c ..·i;;nшg
3 In \ l1i h J)arngra:p\1 hoiLL1d • u t. t your rc n r , riLiп ?
 . - -- - = -
• • • � ,- r • • r • • •

.
' •
' • •
- •
• _J
. • • •
'
•
•
' •
. .
•-l
. . .� .

- -:: :Revis[OI� g·.'Е'хiе·п·s,п·п· ·s,ccili.on" . - '

'

- • • • •
- • ' , • • • •• • 1 • • •
' • _ • • • • •

.2 R� il 1 dlЫ1illl р

•
qu:

•
-iп remп·
,nrwti 1n

·, 1
.i yi _ cou!d t
had а rooffy
rtr ·о dl у

р- 2

Р.вm3

1П
""

Р·а ra � raph 1

Para,.s • !1!'18••• �,� • • • • •

Pe1ragr-a1 ph 2

prepa otions

Porag, r a,ph з
1 tl i. с rnlal,. пti-formal or iofomtal leHcr'.
de st ripl on о
·п t h ceremo v

4 \\Ъ.i р ul nd•d'?
_ lu 1 ·m

FI 1;:11 Para9rop h 1
3- Read tJ, - 1inblu I on е 1.Ье prvmp'_
'i D1 "11 1Ш n11fmnJi\ ltJ • • Lb.ttir. os ng flE' k.s

112
4 R di

f lhe р t

. '
- � al" uld your р t nccd� Cnoo
1n 111 11,с li..� kn • · nd add icl о
your а.
- th 'ood

\ .
 5 R od tb 3rLkl and put dle 1ei.1)., into, th _ ,wm con _i Lio11a f,oпn. 4 '1. hnl rcchnique: l:J
Th: 111 an · r rlle qш ri:ont •. mak • 111. i11t:ro uc·tion m
iшcw ti 11g'!
s· ln Lhe . rit r' pinio,1 w1 �t i 11:le
pcrf [ pet.'
6

g,

�
отd phrш in pa1agrnph _ - · _
We olten hear p�aple say t, at а og ·s "ma ·s Ь t friend" hich in my ThCJil, ы�. which ( л · ' r u · d !о:
apJnion is ue. М'апу anlma� make good .ts, but my тс:1001 tiet rs а аоо
li I poin
� То starl wШ,, dDgs ma'ke p.Me:Gi. pets bec::ause 'l.hey are good 1oompa ons. R щ:plain rc n e5ults
А dog keeps уш.1 1::ощ1л11пу and understaлds ya111r moods. For ,ex.ample. if you
1

1)1 ............. (bet sad, а d&g ,con f·orts уш,1 алd 2) ............................. ,, .. ...... � ' intrad_ i;;• е шр!r:.
(cheert you up. 111 уш1 are 11арру, ll'too а dog 3� ... ,.......................,... .,..... ,.,. 11 Re-ad lh article again and · i1gg
(re�po ndr.� wilh �aytulne ss. ·lltemш\•e linkJng word!I..
ln add11io n. oogs malre ltie mмt loyal pels becatr{;e lhey ,е,е� orea ·
afrlectloп tor thвlr owner:s aind ,like to 1Please l.hem. lf you train your dog, h.
4} .................., ................ t' eco;me) вrу obedien because 1t S) ................. lfntroductfon
..................................... 1(lea:rnt to b-ehave i111 lhв чау уо111 waлt. it ю. • • • • •••� �а•
а., W11a·t is mo е. dogs сап ье veiy U:Stful. for lпstance. lhey are o�e-n used 1
P'aragraph 1
to QU1ard prapeny, or to ,guiae Ыind people. 1: en dogs Who are just pets h:we
�eel'I kщJw11 to alert �еор1е 1:о da111ger or fetch help in ш� 11Э'mвrgen�y. F<or U,is
1 1 men ·ion rhe per ее!' ре·
геаsоп, а dogr is а valuaЫe addШDл to tlle 1ami1y. and s 01е your орlnюл
lf 16) . ..................... tllave� а dog, 17� .............................................. aln
. . Вodr
ili.... .. •
(look aler) it Ьу f,mfing it the rigihrt foad .at Uю right time and making s111re i
1 lli ...

В) ...................... 1(have) р вnty of 1exercisв I Щ� ............................................ Paragraphts 2- 4

('tra·iп), ft to ье obedient. an� take it to u в vet 'for reoufaf oheck•UJ)S, Perhaps
1one otUle most impмarт, thfngs dogs need ls affecUon. bec-ause, like humans. reasoлs for сlю се of ре
tliley 11�ed ta reel loved.
AII in ,а:11, the etfort nceded Lo take ,goo� care 01 а dog1 ls el}�d Ш1
camp,aлions�ip, 1оуа11.у anll tove. 11 is easy �о s!e hy so many peopfe a�ree1 ow 10 take ccire, of pel
lli!a( а dog really ls U'le perfect e<t.
Conclusian
• ••• • •••
V h, 'I \ур_ 11[ �rti I i. tl1i· d . rrpli п , р. ni n,, � m;:ikin �u
1 tiшм Fi11te1i IParagraph
ri::001пm лd Li n .'
reslole your oplnlon/
.Z t iL wriHcn iп1 i nш I or in rюа\ ·i)4c'.' - 11)' bas Ll1 1yle 11 used. s.um с ise po1nfs
3 V hat iпFom1вLion hвs becn inrludcd i:n1 1.Ь� nnlrodu Li п?

114
 6 L k t th - .D te 'htl,tH,
i\tatcb fh, ·, ·�vp oin1' � th
re; s110 · eШJmp1c Ll'len u · • When you answer an ,e_xam question, remember to s� . 'i the ,еу
carefully lo interp et the wri'ting slyle re uired - e.g. fel!er 10 а fri а
·,our 'ПФt.е 11в 11,rim з� nш1i 11
wo _ d requ·гe ал iпforma'I slyle. where·as an ,;;rt1Jcle for а ma,gazine . _ ld
Ьшiу pEUi"lligщph t>XJPJniпin · nмn ly require а sem1 ·forma1I style.
, ; -o:ldfi 1, would п ·1 '·, id ··11
lnt'ormal style - c:ha\ 'i, very personal, ,�olloquial langua,ge (f.e.
pet.
everyday ,�р essklns., dtoma, p_hrasal 1terhs and snort ·rorms,
Semi-ra.rmal slyle - pollte, espec:ltul hul f'r'endly 1.ane (f.e. less 001.

L. Yi.,; j,oii,:
.. " R.,,,,.,nllt,•mpl<
loquial 111a1"1 lnlormal sty'je, shar1 lorms used Jess ire,quenLly, Шnklng
waтd phrases used ta oonnecl ideas)
Formal s!.yle - offiolal. business-llke, роШе bl!Jt ln11perзo111al l:one (l.re.
a,dvaлc:ed vacaЬu an,, rrequent use of the passive, rorrnal linklng wards/
phrases, Ш) short to.rn1s or colloqulial Jangooge, ro.rnpl.ex senlenoes)
�а i)' 'IO О, i\ �пrch Щ1S
look а er iюwn thui
W'dldiing шь
can reducc • tF
IXI I inftнmrd 1В1 1 nu- omшl IЯ:1 1 romыl
• oat rnak О В t 11 ir food. ts
rh h u \'el)' iiнle, iШd
untidy ·l.he. -dоп '[ Ьа,,
!О tak П LO
1!1 \1 t

3 ;rre J:li t О ' )' LI о ly n ed AlJ · all, 11 _ood р n

�о '10 feed 1ь�m а
Cricnd ·hould а]11,11 .
pinc,h or fi od \У 1.oom ur Ic-11.cr5 a�d
onc а day writQ int re. ling rcpl;r
.. 1СШ h·lp D D U11 li с' �
1 1
har i. mo� . €:\1 n if ou
1,, е пcv er m I ущп �n
}'UIII reJ: :i; аш± са.1 · th
fri n 1, r.11� 1 ·boпJ'u ь
1

don't т ornoon · u C.illП aJ'I •

me • 11.1.ш lu as а 111,1' f:rie d,

Ь ·· rracl w and ma·r,rh tbcm ,о t'llc iypL'S 111f wnti.цg.

[КОН ·r ю Eri�Jil 1 [ID а� nl. rcp rt !

1
1 1 magaziп arti J"

• 11h , promp� Ь 1о �· tu, '"_п- 1 Ье ·11trod1111rHoo tu, • ,tra t -·

JЛtat r1ю.k а good реп friend?
• what makelg,ood р�п friend?
• ,everyon&fl'\a'lte/dШ10ren't answer/lhis q ueslion
• some quaLШestwe ail fook far in/pen fri ем
 Vou recenlly read Ule [ollowin.9 эtalemen[ in а local nempaper:
'"Е\rет уьооу сал do samethir1g ro l1e,p reduce crime in
their r,eight:Jourhood."
WriLe а compositic,n, saying whelher or not yo1J agree with the
swemen1 ала making sugges ons аьоu1 Mw cnme сал 1ье
р eve-nteCI.

1 D you agre or di1.agre \\l'i 11 1l1e lat meпt'.1

2 '\ hat е. pre.' ·ion tnking \l1 rd could • u u , t,o rm1ke

9 Itmd, tbe 11ic'le шfl replз. tlJ1 ord i iюrd ·it'l1 1Гorms.l П_ ,
ri om Che Г t Ь fо"П', ]hen 8iD lt1'r tht ,q,u 1ljon •
more difliculrj Ра1· 1! , e1iou рпю/. щ Jedi1ce; clfi!dre11,
� ile. to .ш , rnrmЬers о/ ,11 • /'о а/ coJ1mщr1il)·

How manv of us can hoмs.tty sзу that wei lrve in DJ пе1g ЬOurhood lhat is
tna.
not affect�d Ьу c:rtm13"i' Crime 1s certain.1y а 1) badl thlrt!J and I agr,ee
everyone сзn plny t1 parl. ln help1n9 to reduce it.
One way 10 p,-e-ver,; crime wa ld Ье k1r p,eopli to р.ау more а lвпliап to
п
what ·s going оп around h-em. Fa eж_ampte, 2) irieighbours Юоk
marв
li re,
no lc;e, а rhelr suпound1ngs arк:t reponed any1hlng1 Ы1spiclo11.1s tO l"le l)Cl
1r01Nвr crimes vюUICI Ье oommitiOOd.
Ano tier soluba.n woulel ье о make il. 3), а1 t1It, harde ror Cfim naJs ro oommrl
Ш1d,
.i crimв. f'o exэmple, we CQuld all make surв lhal we tocl<eitl Qur ca:rs
easy for
ho-us.es sscurely. 11 рво;рlе w тв more C4rcful, lt wo 1\dn't IЬе so
cлrn1nal.s t<> bre.ak n and slв.:'11 th,n-gs.
of
11 wo jd аtю De а good dea 10 wuc-..r1e, ch11dr n abou · the ,dang0rs
and dach зnd teacher s could he1p, and the
gвtlin.g in1,1otved n crim . 4) Mum
poJ св could gi\r,EI taLks n schOOIЗ so а:1 S) \IШе !itlds wolJJd lee.m aoout the
dangers, 6) 1 don'I nee:d to 'iell уо.11.1 1n11\ thi.s ,vcюtd 71, cut down
on 'lh�
nurnbe of Clilmes com mit[ed Ьу ctiildr п.
111 my .,,,е , �ve а,1 11.aVe: а duty 1ю moke ош ne\g\i'iьourtn.ood, а safв plaae
to .....•t[on. . . .
lntrodu
flv.в in, анd lh� soo er we cto I h0 Ьeuer.

1 {),( . h i ntrroo�t Jo,1 _l . гr • i_lte h"' topi ', sto е the toplc, ogree or
dlsogee
..; D . tli wril r igrt· r,ir J'' ·1 N' ,•it�1 111• ,r.-1t>m•n1? 11di;r!iнe 1J1_
enl.e111ce in the iп\1·odш:.tiori wbirh. tate tbl . , ln Воdу
З What Lec!шiqiue ла tlJ writeг шеd' iD l.he iпtrodurtiш1 .
Paragr,aphs 2:·- 4
4 Vi/lшt ol.her t.ech niques ,can Ье u d tп in1r-od1шtion to d1is ort or, Eit iп '!
:11gg · н1 1.1.iLп I alteшa"t.iv� intro u Lirnrt I Ht · · oompo iiljon. suggesllons а d resul s
5 - .пdc::rline 'the е. р1 ion · Lh.e writer h,< u ed lo make ugg · ti .n ·.
б , - h.a1 v · uld resu!L Ь- m e<:1tJl1 'U�Lioп, · · rding L Lh ,:vriti:ir'!' . clu. .. .о
Со . . . ..
7 Sugge·i а lliLabl alteшa·rive fiпa) pilragrnpb.

summarlse your apinr.an

116
 оо . mрЖ
qu №:io:n:. []!] heai,; lin
V,ou have. Ьееn do ng а class roj�t оп rood safety. Your teadner Lhinl '�.
has ed you 'to writo а composition aЬoui lhe ,rollowing sta�ement: []!] r..:" r
"'ERl)'One сал elp l'й ашhв ои! югds §fer."'

ш
.,
rtшю mpo iti 1
ШJ
1
2 utilti :
rl �·uur D
в d idenls о
п · D
1) mcn:1 D iлstпш.
11 iи:fl

lntro. 'Ltdlon

s е о
1 _ ain d
1 1 strictcr p�rщl1ii.';i ror tlri,1r.:rs.
\\'lн:i tщ�at 1h1.· li)Y.' Paragraph 2
�, ,i1i\\'Пi�iп� caшp:iigп� 10 ��щ�, , l,rs1' s gges11an and
tlr1,·�r5: 1h::i:1 (lш1�crot1s tlrivi11� 1
reosonsle.xomple.s
c,m Ш рсор[�\; Ji�·e., ::tl 1·i.,�
Parrag.rarph 31
, impro1,•c rш1ds. впd i -пр
SE!'cond suggвslio11 ооо
riJo�onslexompl s

•
Final Pflrc,gr,aph
res о1е vou ор 1an
 , r th qш.>о on •

13

P'ar graph 1
s ale 11е· l·Dpic. ,and your
oplnJon demlv

Poragr,a,p'h 2
IГ$1 reason for choice
ond 1usШ lca ion
Parag,ra р h З

second reason or ctюice

ond lu.sffilco !оп
Parag,ra,p h
'1
sugges ons for facll11es
1 п u..<:«I
J
.со . 'l.u1r
.. . . . .
F nal Paragraph

5 es о е о opincn
6

11В
 An inCemational m g,шne P-UЫishlng1 a.rtlcles ror а series calted
lnffuenriat Peopffi о/ ,те
Twen ierh Сеmшу. You ha,.re Ьее- 1lnvf1ed 1D
vni е s an anicle alюul ,р ГSО' who was м inПuen!ial figure ln
your coun ry durin ' -111 i c.en ury. Write your rtic:le· for· the
mc1g пе · :zo� ео
1 ords).

1 \ ГJш.1 rype of wri'l·п · · ·ь· .

" Could ng ·1 1 .g. ап_i nE Lin1_.

P·aragraph 11
ame о ре sол; commeл
оЬсшl ls/her i luence

. .
,a'fn od�
., ...
Paragraplil1 2

brfe dl!S'<: 1pt1on ,of his:Jher

appearnnce,, lr eS,tyle arid
c:oorode-r. witlh us.fificattan

Parograplil1 .з
in lueлc;e & Гeo60ns
у ш aJПS!i er .
. 2: WЬat i inclL1ded in lJ1 inL ducLion, о th шt& 1 '. 'ug,g [ aJi:I iilli:rn�ti ••
in rud u1:1 irin. IF1lnall Paragra;p h
hat . (h - m.Jn puin'l or ·, nd lin Lhe '1( i • :,,.cnt n
gs
• rtk-1 ? а1
i\· •n I h "'' 1 D. n.i •

6
 16 Rс-г d the rul)n . undt.'tl,iп· tЬ • k j1 �'flrd. di il!I] :r tl1e �(1 • �WOJI ' S \\lhi ,h techп.iqш: has th
LI_ d lt s1,1r[ 1h .1.rti le. t ,11
1 .

An intema:tfonal magazine· has asked its readers to seпd, 1in artioles

1

lt m ti11· ,inrrodu tLon for 1h,i

rш а sPf!ciaJ edilion aЬourl. frieпoo алd friend:sh1p. You have declded mod 1.
to wme an afitilcle аЬоu what ma.kes ал ideaJ 1riendship. Write your
arlil:"l 1e for lhe rщgazJne (120-180 words). 6 1n thc ivritc ' opinioл, � •Lъа.1 n1ak
· 11 id ; 1 fril;!ndshi,p'J Вп · �11tl1 poi·1 1
1 \V�1at ·t y p of, lfitiп i 1Ь · . Ь �n pre nted in а • p:arat
2: Ln у ur opinion, " at ar the m t i1nportan1 quilitl а frt nd h uld р 1rng.rnr� wi 11 ,1 cl�.tr topi
h;� е'! . n.t 11 ? IJnde.flin ih topi.
nt ас

lo ?' Und rlin th

�hat doos UlA word

'f Jo!ndship' , an 1-0 yotft 8 ri1.er give
'F if some рюр е., rliends .п
1

1.1pport 1!1
"

iuS't peoi,I@ 10IJ 9Q оо and ршп,

have fi.m wit.h. For m�;
91 How dcн�s , rit r end Lh,
however, tnв dl;fal 1 ·eлdsh'p
is mu mою· h lf'lat. r.ri' 1 '
гs ly, а. rue frierю
sooutd Ье orrost and
IМ\worth)I. houl. lhooe
a,�ract�stlcs, 1JC1LI canrюt lntrodudion
na.ve а, good r a.lianshr
1 8. •. 11 а 8 "18 8 • ... 8

anyone Whai more,

00 pattлef"5 m а ndshlp
[n rodtюe the loptc
should havв I ese quaji1.ies.
А i:i iJ)Вf mertds�P � one
ьased оо equali у.
$e{:oodly, 1 Ь,е · ve \hal ll
. ,. ody·ii.. . ...
Moln1

1s. rmpor1an 1:о share slfll' Paragr,aphs 2--4

inIOWSts witl"I yotilr eno.lt
le ad 00\11 1ng in v ewpolnls " d reasons
golng i1 lhe t\l.f O peop
\!OLJld DВ very di[fll:u11 to keep а lпе dst!r
oooimoi!I. . ip Со 11111 -
\\J ' to 1111 нi,�es о1' ю е Friends
Third�rv' ал idea1 fnuimcl iS ом who y,ou сал fOI' � .
support
. � ti е ' · . _.
. 8. ...........,. 00 g аЬ\е Lo gмэ· or ask
,s по c,r,�y аЬоu ha Г'9 r veiy FJna1I Paragraph
e о е cl�= м
i 111 1"" oove cieve pad fldiil
·-
vh n.eY!'f lt IS rieedзd. Som
summarise po1n1·s
·ше many peo,p1iiJ wh� Е!! сап са а fnertd, Ьut lhe qu iD&S
difl: ��� • . I ......... J - a:re
ам •:, ом ano'lhв
з u ppom'rrл .
Jiriefldsf'lil) 1S built 00 lrl.lЭ , s'tшred ntl:J•-
hard ю n vou miQtl maglne.

J ugge,st а suitaЫe вitle юr U1is arLicle.

l Has i[ Ье:еп ,-.1iн п in foпnal · mi-fшrna1 or infi rn:шl ··tyJ :
3 \Vl1a1 вr Lhe cl'laractcri li� of 1:hi .lond of \\rnting. Gi1;•e {шн �xampl
rош tbe 1 ;.;!.
4 Do · Lh" iв[rudu 1iш1 сlеал_ la� th L JP� ?
·120
 Vou ha\11 · h.ad dass dlscussion alюu[ he folJowl ngi sraternent
Оп/у реорJв who lmow how n, make musfc с: п rш1fly enjoy
iistмngtot
No you t - acher has вs - ed you to winte а compos on g ng yow
VJCWS on the sra enL Wr е ou oomposltlo 20-180 о ds)

19 R ad tf:JI:' a:rt·. licn.

am
doosrю
То Ьeg1n - , people pl.easure
or Г� е lng 10 la!enred "iu,.........,.., JSDasedon
persooaJ �- len agea.t
ety of m1.1s·с. rom c1ass· wolll--
1 1 с sa:rne Wй!J-
F � о mg m Jc s. noi s-ome lng at ае
ledge or Ь ity fmlead. ustc 'щ)�s:· d recUy Lo в о
1 ntroduetlon •
trie way ьаыеs алd anlпws respol'lld _ n 11"1еу I en to m
IP0П1grap,h 11
вn)Юnв ls сара.Ьlе or BПJQ}'lf)Q muвic.
on о er n.arю, ·
ng ow to play· .в mus.icm 1nstru сал n р you а t topi� ond your
uш:fшmaлd mustc morв clcarly and appreda!e in а d1ffe t way. lf you wnie op'nion cleorly
music у. 1, fOJ" exam 1е, you unc:lel'Sland mare aЬoul lhe r sic you llsten ш
ltia11 sorneone who does not. •
dy
• • • • • 111 • •

То sum up, 1 f� Uшt муоnо can oojoy liзtiming to mu 'с, whelt!er о not ОЩ! Par,a,graph 2
kгiow ho-w to make, muslc s-et1,1es. 1 · is true ll'lal mus:cians probabry get grute
p]easure oul ol lrstenlng to m1.1 с lhan в res · g us; do. -QUI nis- tJoes mean vl wpoinl l ond rнason
Uшl ош own в1ri'CJ ot mus1c 1S nol 'real',
p:ara,gll'laph 3

1 Lh • ·nt n li vlew oin1 2 ond recli50n

...
'} Para:grr,aph 4

poin cnd

4 •

t('l1fk it11 f1 Lh _ 11
uld f рlзс 1:Ьеm.
 20 R ad tЬ mbri , oode11 i'nc 1Lh kcJ• . 1 r this lettcr ,m11.еп. in rurrш1I or
informal ;rt . V �' l.hi t_1
n ш d.
1

1 "Wlшl kind 11!:r f

.tppli li JI,

21 · dl �r · d 05 1':r il1e ,qu.. Liom.

do is n t а с sc i Engf�h. Ttlete'
s 13 c.h offer /esюnt d rm surt thty ,have ,q _ 1fre ·
, to teact,1 уоо prope-,ty.
1f I ere ои rd а1ю 'try ю ma friмd.s �om • ho i о
пative Er1g1is 5peaker. lf yOIJ do thJ�. yoo'II Ье t:.1ble to асНsе �at
you Jt(Jrn in ,rass- - ana ш tl'1ey say, 'prac rce· ma1re.s perfe�t.
n,ti• l'\oductlon
• • • • •
t , Llld Qf,so Ье а �ood ldta rn rood ng i � rnЩJtJ2j11e:. ar lюola,,
ana wo ch ·films tJnd тv programл1r.s ln Е11 lish. тt,·s gives уо1,1 а, Jo't о . Paragraph 1
1.иeful р ас kc, сп,d i s f i..tn at ·� е s:ame timel � уш� lrke, 1 coo!d �"�
уо I books 1:шd ,id os f ra1t1 11e,re. reason[sl 'lo' wr,i ing1
Of {Or.jrЫ! у� �\lfl hвve а 'f . ,roblt:trб. f�f!rf ty at 1 11:iegi 1пi��, afn dr
fne main dПit ty s ftl1 р «s verb5-, Ьecwse Lhere м� so mtJ")'
of ttie.m, arid hey have sв ma у diffenш me,anings 1Dan't giv LJP - Para rop,hs 2-4
ttr а/1� Е 11 is '. а diff ·с\11 nguag . to learn. nd уоо QI еа
1

kl'IOYI' · sk.s. od, ic,e ondl reosoll'\5

now о 1 ,e.кpert уоо to i to
_ ·re. rm шrе 'J ,P'ar,czgr,aph 5
probe 5

122
 er exams thiз
rn
im
c:parc

ui l �nls 1о prcpa ''111 1] r r 1h i if

111 • mi§l]t f; _',

23

om l:ID may f.в, ,,·Ьео

р ifш ri'n · fnr · , m •
•, ,. u an ю рапi ш. th dв.t of thi:

J пш kt . шdу rimel,i.'1 le • ou geL di. ouru ed l,ec;1u ·it ou

kccp r, r· 11iпg crtain ,i111fom1alt n

.
1 ....... ., ...... ,,,,,., ......................... .. ............... ,,.,Ji,,, ••

............................................................ .. . ,
4 t · �'QIOU red р ПЗ: 1 ,
l1igllligh, iшрщ1ш1t pniш:...
1 • •

1 1 pcиt} {t .1 р
1

5 dan [ tt;· to tu е ry
· ш 'Lh.. Ubm
 25 ·ord III llJO. - the q11Jc- �ons. ,:\

А · a1Jel magazf ne is organ.1sing shon s1огу oompetrtюn 1or lhe

- 1 S\01)1' ut an rn{CU1'3 to r еmЬег. The story must begln
r,
the words: As soon вs ВоЬ lVrived in с , ,that is
'1d Ье а voodetfuJ dву. - vou story or оо ре· ·on.
(1:Ю- 80 - s)
f

qu11:st1nпs.

P:ar,agrap 1

:set fhe sQert11

lwho - w ere - when
' 1

Ра agraphs, 2
ID У fop the story
deтa1Jed

,1 "'i:atli r ,end ·the slory; flno

2 1 о ! \\Ъ.а1 • 1Ь main QeJing , com s. efc
'СПI ·п
124
 27' R dJ t ru. li Ui.Rd, rli

You have Ье i.nvi'led ш wrtte, ап artide for Screea magazi е, sarmg

_ ,
wh� ti r VoU p� _ r r gorn 10 ne, etnema or wa :с ing ·deos; а me.
Wrr!e yc,ur · rtlo е, saymg whtch you prefe and gмng easoru;�
J \ ;.t l
� � rhi ь

nti oductra

s а е he opic опа о r
opln1on clearl

Parag1raph·s. 2 - 4

viewpoinJs апd r,ooэon5

P'aragraph s

oppcislng ewpoin1 ond

.2 reasonlsl
er vi "'POinl ·' И �

Frnol Pшug,roph

s us1 а

\\ rite а 51J.it.a: w lcrnal.r.,

 .29 Read 1Lb.e ruЬ.ri11,; 1 u1IJdel'lllln,t Н1е keJ• '6М amd ап m·er llit! qu... u!ИI". i \: �<!I j tne JeШil)П riliпt
, :
Of \

], ugg �L а 111iiH1 l i111er:ш1tive iniro-

V,011.1 hзve Just s.-,eer, the followtng advel'IJsement ln an lnte na 'ona.l dructio:f.11.
ma,gazine7
3 \Vliat .Р r5ona!. d tails e.g. age) are
in lt1 ·d in p;1rn№ph 2',
WANTED - CHILD1-MINDER
J lJndi;r)in ti, · 1 t.:l'Sl.11!ln[ qunlili
We n:IЖI someo to he1p dilrf�g 1tie, school halldi1JS. Тi, е j.m ln,volves
. t'he wri .er meпti 11. • \\fhat o:1h
loo'ld1119 ,afl:er two energetlc ,chll'cfl'eЛ ag, ed 8, and 9,
ptr оrш,1 ,q u IШ ' migl1 r h�lp t
1h ltteв1 candildз.te · q11 Ь&:
•· а stud:-eл,1 agedl 16-22 mate . · п1еоnе . uitab.le .for th,i job:
=
, 1 able t'O s:pea'k IE'ng!Jsh , \Vhy do • tne wri·1 ·r meniion h
,., rme t111r· lhe vd'lole summer u:пъюеr job las[ у вr?
,., able to ,organlse childrм"s achiwiliм 6 ugg t а . uitahle. аН mative. fin
Рlеазе wrile ·to Mrs ·G Milи al the adc!l'reзs ье1аw. р� tigrapl1 for tl1i� le11er.

Write yqu_r lel:er of appJlwtJ:on to Мп; Mlloo. (120-180 words)

1 \\1tшt !ityle �hш1ld lhf; ! � 11:r Ье wriюlcп iп'.

2 С n. you 1.1 n;• phrш. u_i эЫе for .ucli з lс,н r. .............
1nt,od ction .
З, W]шt kiшl of peгson 1пig1lt 1c.spnad io thi ad
Paragr·aph 1
30 1
R d th .lerler a111d, 1 .,, ··r rl!itc que, linn .
reш.on or wr� 119

�-4f' Mrr s ilt!S.

rtiSМ11?,n or .on n_g 1sh­
r а writin� �-viU, rcgard to your adve
i 1 suooпy· s edf·t1011 о The Paragraph 2.
srienkfng с11 i!rl-mi,ioler w icl1· Gppeated
warfd таdа .
roo'I· Ни gory. 1 tioVe j st personal cletaiJs
,1 am 01 twenty-one-yee1r-old М "
t11AQi1 l111iver rl:y, wt,ere I а ll
comr,leted IJ!\}I second yeor at LQt1antor
i:sn f r�f1·1tly, й1 Т have ЬС:€1'11 Paгagropli'l1 З
sЬJdying cnili:.1 �s.yctiology. 1 St'ft'I Ettgl · 1 d eэ � la a ge
to tliS $W_ ! ��
1Mng .,,,, r1glrшtl ·tor hrte years. Pr� 1c1e су ctrtifю1tt. elevan1 quoilt·1es/
t1 y1:1ar .5 m1d 0Ьta1 ned 111у Prof
in н1,.1ngйry for scvei experren,e
agi!tS, and I regllf'd myseff i
• 1 enjpy wo:rkfn_g with ,hiJl.'lren Of �IJ
r rlt11dly. pm:ie11t аtю vtty rt pDm
щrerie,11re 111 loot:fng C1fter (hilar01. as ,1 l1t1!/e
iЫ . 1 ht.Wf

as wel 1
hD
�s
. . ...
conclu,11011
•
c.hild-min�I �1 jokJs ri11g � hotidй}f5,
con 112 f�
� 10.li, щt �Ь at "11! L111Sh ne Sillflmer
Ameriн1 r- t !Wm m r. му r.lLll:it s thcr e 1nc:ludfd
·vitks, whith
closing remшk.s
organ\5i'1Q \1, 1iOl.ilj spott:5 WI� ос lcis
h ct1ildrel"I f!11joyed vt.ry much, 1 е
O}IUS.
refere ces rom1 to о �ПV p№ious er
w

n
1 ,'iloo d е to spend th� sLmi 1с yror
s
kJ1ng
tted
Ье
in E�laoo 1]11� 1 fed 'tJta I woutd
о rl1t1: posmio 11 tf у wo, ld IJke 1'1'1е о ittt(11d
т,у
an 1111:rrvi . , 1 !,j d Ье Qle.1a Ео do о at:
ti.me.

!.о,. ,:.1.1..с
roors sf1'1ctrely,

zoya ROZS�
1

126
 - • 1. . . . .... 1 -

:31 !R!ea,d lhe mbn

..
IP,arograpl!l1 1
reason[sJ cr ng

PIIVATE Е :G,USH ILESSQ S

Paragraph 1 2. -3

g е lnf ormation

Ра iO,, raph 4,

F1 1 IPara1raph1

1 \\ffш1 i I pu. uf 'Lhe :1�11er. доs ng ,emшks

'
2 \1 t .1}' 1е slщuld it Ье ,ri1!cn m: ,,rь� .
11 t inrormвlion [rош Lb ad rtiseш л Ш1 th n ,1 houl
iш:Jпded in llie 1 "1 � r 1
32 ad LI r m dtl, ппd r LЬс u 1.iом.
1
!Н,rп" мrs D 11 1�.
IJt- 1 am writln� i� response tD oor
l!SIOl'IS, wllich d�pc1rerj iп t� colle
odimt etnt!il'lt f ering 17rivate f;ng,1
ge ma�ine. 1 am very nteteste d ln
1:s.n
th
ol lnf orimйl t\
со se cmd wot1ld llke �me ad ltioo
flt- 1 ,,., � 1111! , i:t1-yf(1r oli:I smde _ �
com rid9 Ffr t cer i сте l.'.IW,n. so I
, с I!:.@!, 1 l1ave rш tty tt1ke111 tJ.1e
oove а rе-шо11 l'e can1n'IGlld oj , 1 &1Qli
sh
а w,tf tal�r i ln Eng /t sh.
langLJ(19 181'1,ioy rем l�ges, 1:1111 , d l:htt I mre
Ье/р ln tl it orerи; or опtт r 1d cшw
etIO io
i)i,- HO!i e-tJer, 1 [efl ttl I
Furtihf rsmo е. 1 (1111 l1Df.1i 1'1g I0 srar
lr;i D d'er rmprml my (Ю: /JC}' (IIIO f Cnt)'. mal
а d��ree (aurse: .:1 sou а t n u 1wcт
sl in Er:igl r1d �t уео , ю
lе r 1 to study а
,rtв 1 11 ed tm Prof · ,J C'f ln't:I ElщfFin � о маЬ
soc,a� е hен:.
 33 e.,d lle m !!IПС; und r!i11 - il h - kc)' "or,d , 11шl 1l11S\, ·r :Ьс qJU: �tion . l nderlin • l:h.e inГc:rmвLion in UJ -
first para rapJ] , l1ich Lell Lb
'You h a.ve dedeleo to enter а sf'Юitt story · com� 1"- . •011 -
,111е oor11peti ·on read r:
. . --1
rufes . u, а·t ith е. story. must ьegJn. WLth lhe tolJoiмng words:
а \\l'h n/, 11 с I he torv tak
;Q'!:l,V

I wШ always rem�mber ту first day ar .,.

1 la
Wrt!e you_r sfory. ( 120-180 wor,ds) wlш1 rl1 11 atii r ,va Hke
1 \. h1п could u tшю 81 fir5\ da ···. с w11a1 tl с sr, ry i olюuL
1: !1oul� lhi - ·tory Ь wri1lleD iп lhe first or third ршюп'. \VЬ ·. 2 uggc, L а , 1.1 iiable aJremativ iпrr, ,_
,
3 ! п \'' 1�1, �1rt о tlJ ·1ar inu1odu в - • m· i11 Ьоdу o,r оопс!u i<m v(ouJtl
y
dU: Lton for Ll1i to1Jt.
, �, . ,r
• � r1( .. ul'IO\J!I. - tl1, vcлt. tl1 sюту. i11 tl1. urd r tl1 )' tш1 1 netl'!
3 ho, h"
- how ihe rory еле 00 пd ho�' у u cJt_
. Und rJш.
lli pla eilin1 , t · i11, l1i ·11 111· ·11 ry i: �t.

4 ,; l�icL1
i.:i.:11 U
а
summer sal'\00 . \Nhen I woki up wав
I wfll always ютеmЬш' my 1/'&f day a,r ul во
е i\Wiш EngJish e:гlhe l'd neзrd atю J'n \\1 J1at "vor 1' i Lh,c conc1usi
ь,Jg'ht SU11Г)J mom ng -nothing �t<e Smi th& �е fam 1lry 1 wвs
in londoл 3fld , r le,;· nt [О ti с IIrst епtеп ( i••
ofteri. 1 wm. 1 11 led ш Ье stud.y ng kf:ast,
v to me. l qulckly ga r0a-d',', ad brea 'll1c D .nc giv ,D iп е ru, r· 1
staylng willl, were very Н1lnd afJd lnend
then rusllвd out, · eelirig vщ e:<cited n· su1e ;ere my
Wlieri I arrived, co11ege b1..1�d ng wаз huge and I was
sh'arnge 'l&e$ эnd 1 lelt а& 11 '1/1185 my lirs\ day
c1assroam was. Тher·e wa.s а s�a oJ

.
а pri:mary 5cnool.
S1..1dC1en1y, 1 saw oomeone 1 �· aug,ht oO,.:
ed, 1kc а. g·rt Erom 1rny ho- е tow.n. l was
.. . .......
lnt11aduc .tlon.
am�:red wnen I heз_rd net са I ouL to me.
е • s-he said. P'ar,a, raph 1
"JuanLta! What are уо drnng
, &xplai ing that I wa:s з зшdвm at lhe
Wow. aria, k rea!ly is youl" 1 replied,
rlse � �e&11soo we m Ьoth dojng t Set the ce,n
surnrner school. lmagine ou suтp
samв coursel lwho - wherё, � when _
llsh
as gaod as I nad ·. ped, a_nd, rny Eng whall
ihe summer so1Юol 1urned oul о Ье е ve wer e
Мала. :в.nd I n.ao а g�ea\ ,· е wh
improved еоопn<н:15'у, Ne-edless Lo say, lа з: ре-т о Main Body-
rom all over 1he V.'Ol'ld,. Sl:ie was l"le
rnere, a"d macre tots о ne:w ·1rieпds r lo ge • •
mad.e lhe 1f5.t day one 1hal. l will neve 1
� ttad �pected to see. oot it certain(y P',ar,agraphs 2 - 4

Devellap tlnte storv

dela,r.ed des(r pllon ol
events in he order 1h.ey
hoppenea

.. . . . . . . . ..
Со tusion
Flnal Pa11agraph

end lne story; feвlings,

со rnen s. ek

1:28
,35, Rea.d. tlle ,rU:bri uolferl1ine Uie ke� 'Ordis a:n.d n , ,er t11e qп stiши. Ь , ht dte, ,·enl in 111 о 'ller
You have Ь9ел nvirtвd lo wriLo а short story fш ал Engliish-langua.ge bcJ liшpp ,ocd lihcn tcJ , tb
magazi:ne for young people. The ed11Dr's nstructions say lhat the .h)I),.
slory miжt Ьegin with ltle wшds:
"Don 'i da l.hatl" I sJrouf'ed. Не ignored те . _ ro1шg Ьоу pushcd .me from
Write your stcзry or the· maga.z:�ne. ( 20-· 80 wQfds) h l1iпd.
[[[j] l I k 111 tudenL · о lh
t WliaL LJr of, ri1in · li}i ? mu .um.
2 , hou.ld it 1 \ rЩi:: п in th. fit\ [ or tЬird pcrson? 1 с rca1 оп � I b1.1mp d into John.
11.Н шig,ht tl1e otli r rн�'f'I h doiпg I m, ke • ou . hout, "'Don 't do 1[[] Th ur,. ·10,JI' kt:d u. ro lea
rhar. '? tl1 , buildi .
Ш:О J hn took а in Ы. h nd ..
[j[] Th :ur11.or cau ht thc ',
36 R,e,щl LI е lюgiп!Jliцg. Л rщd В , bli1\ a1t1I.• :}}' t1i h un )'IШJ
([[] J ·cd Johп to puJ lh aw
pref.-r for 'Lbe 6r t р. - rn,1- , f'tbt t,or., .im Elii. J5.. i�·,e rea о 00 k i11 it:-; pl.t•, ',

37

в
 38 Rcad lb nibric un:d rlitn tlt · ь,, , or,\t u·nd _ооп:г 'h чu: tro11 , 1 \Vha1 i l:hc purpo of the. le1 il.e .

You are woltin,g abroad as а lour gi.rld'a·. Write а letler to а Jrie d a;t
НШi 1.1ш ь-
11 tnt in Lh , firsl.
рэrа, _ ph?
home, d scriЬing 1h job a..rid sa-yin wh t уо lik аоо whal you
dan'"t like about iL Write your letter. Do поt write а11у a.ddresslЗ's. '
....
(120�1ВО words)

1 Whnt i tl1c гс n or wrftin th tt .r/ .g, j

2 \, h· ! lyle li uld it Ье writreri in? \ h. '!'
3 \\fhat. are Lhc clщmct ru
ti !> of tl1!, :-Не'!
il D iibc tлс typical dшics of а. юur иu id' •

39 Reнdl 1lhe ]etter rнl aцswer he �lfle �оп Ь 11,\\.

s \ь

1
6 � hnt closing .re111ark dot:
.m , • . \lg,,g,,;. t а u ita 1,
nativ 1nat paragraph.

lntюduct
•
D'n
••••••••• •
Para:graph 1

reasonlsl for writfng

l)e(lr Hefell, n Воdу
НО!.we уош sa ry J GШJ 1 1 [ wr1tttn scimer, bwt rw !нt eally 1-.1шу • • •••••••• • •
wJ 1111у s , mu jo!i 111 tondo111,, yway, LЩhr l'd d'rQJI yoi,, а �� Parcigraph 2
and' tdl yot1 , r Ьооr lt
As: уоо laюv,, rm, wo kirщ ns а rn QLllrJE' for а con р�шу cGIJ�rJ Star descri,pt on of the job
rrover. Му jоЬ is t:o fook ofttг t� pe.opJ� 1и1'10 romeo 011 tht toor оо� artd
ter tlien tmoo · llie' histшy of tih� pшrrs l'llf visft. Ttte сош�цу {lОУё n1 tJII Par,agr,i,ph З,
tl informt.irion I шd 'd. mit 1 11а"'1 to srudy very l'll:lrd :о ltNJ 11 it. №W rm
at1 e.xr,en о r:ill lre: м.111 t.o оо sigJ1 s� 1/J.re я: 110 l's; tl1r Nooses о grood lhlnglsl а oul job. wilh
Pиrriumm a.i,d tne Tower of London. о if you wall!l а knlМI artyUtlng, l'm reasonlsl
tht! per.so to ask
w,not r ikr mo !!Ьооt thc job is п1 ctini!i people from G� O\'C't th \VOrld. P,ar,agraph 4
so fa rve me- pea.,t rom Ame.rJcl.'I, A(rica а !t №W ze.aJ11Ji1d. 1re evoo tteen
ot•t i"' Ье" E'Ve ings wit� SOl�c о( tn 1Н'W friems I vt made. bcw lhing[sl oboul (оЬ, wllih
• т hr only tlш1g I don· t rrв ly likf 11001.lt tlle job 1s haiiirщ to gc up Q .м reasonlsl
rJ lock eve у mor.r1Jng, iм timt to grel! реор е as thl!y ,Шri t. Уоо �ow tюw
1 lюte qettl (1 Щ, et1 ry1 Conclusion
• ••••••• ••• •
• А�. 1 n · s c:le1s:I! п . 1 �ре уо� ,ily are i!JL wri с Ьoit soon
anli tel1 ml? all .fll Мi,1S.
L!We,
.1!1Уу clos-lng emariks

130
 40 R · d d1e rol�mir, 11:nd.emlli п 111 , o·rid:s апd а.о "er dle llj[II, i ns.

Vou work or а to flsl org nisat!on in а. u:nr.rersity tawn wiih а large

number ol kлeigп stu · -пts. Уо have Ьееn �ed to мile а report
аЬош мting out iп your IOWf!. DescriЬe 1he Ьеs1 pl es ror _ ud _
· о eal and drin in t:ho апза, алd 5ау Y'Jhy уо lhiлk 1 · р ces are
su"8h е о о, gn Бludefil , rits yooп-e:porit (120�180 words 1

l ' "тill •n in',

par1 5
еr
FAST FOOD REST .URANiS
1

,е we а u Ьеt· а � /ood res!fшrantБ iл StoпeЬridge е

рор ат ar O'iDonn �·s. ·n I S1reel алd The Buщer Ра!аоо Со
AJ ,ei - ol 1 Lhese, places S'tudenш сал 1шiov спеар IIOd 1n clean suпound gs
Ал actvantage lhat lhey nave lhe ор,:ю · lty to mee оса! people о1 -1 u .;;_ t а _шLtibl • аlt«:пш i,·e tшul
lheir шт age.
r:.i ,g ph lмt1 i: г�рог.
IFIESTAU1FIAN1'S
Малу ol в town's rвslauraп!cS сап Ье fou111dl 1п Кin�b :ry Sq ге. Тhе most
, Lobs'ter Ро , whi� have 'laried mcn ,;,
popular oi lhesв аге Ti.юkttr s алd
Prioos аи easooahle - about 25 fог а mairn ooursв. Boo'kiпg ls reoommel"ldвd 1 •... .. .......
tro udlon1
вl weekends. 8t den!s wJII в joy 111ing п 1heso reslauraпts, as еу offer
authootic: looal d�nes in а C051J, ,ad' ·апаl atmo5pt,в,в. Parag,ra р h 1

CAFES, AND BAAS slole Hi purp,ooe ond

Моо of hew 4r toca ed Ul · old pцrt ar tow11_ Da ·es· Calree Sh_o se_rves con.te"I Qf l'he eporl
safldlj'l'ic:bes ancl piвs al reasona !е prices_ ArloTher rз.'«!Urrtв 1з Тhе Кing's
Atms., wh'ch hм а rnendty: afmosphere and serveJ ,Q 1 1 i ed raлge ol hom
соо ed m . 1Bol а s eoom erided lot rnreigr s ud ts w о wam
an1 joJab ev ng out llste ing lo usic ,or dмcing. Parog, ra ph 2 - 4

uncfe,

j_
 ,42 R d tЬ mЬ ood rim th '· , "' nd а.11 • ·г the q;u ion .

The ra,lowlng sLalemenl wэs prlr1( ed n an lnlerna ona:I magaz:ine:

А юt ot whal is lauglrt in school nowadays is not worth !earning.
ow yo.ur teaoher has aisked vou '!о wri :е а composition on lhis
3 nd rli11 ш
ch f rh
.
:sub к wl t, erence о y-our own learnrng experiences. Wri1e yaur
c.omposi ion. 120+ 80 ords 4 [O\\'hi h

.," шеаn'!

43 - th

pini<.1Л

u • t ; . ui1a le alti?rnati · fi
pt:lirn mpb � :ir thi mp i1jш1 •

•••
Patiagraplil1 11

stare 1 , loplc and your

opinion cle-arl\l

Moln Bodry
••• • • • ••••
Ра r,a:griaph_ 2 - З,

vi wpol s сг easons,

Paragl'ia,p 1h 4,

nd

132
44 IRi di th, 'rubri . , 1n rl in the ke · ,,·nrd nd :ш. · it i.h� que! tiorn . 1 1 Lb mailil pur · oi h 1 1
r�· 1 t d in lh inl du tioп"
You . , 1h soo о lhe s-tudents· soclaJ e,ve s commlttee 81 2 [n , Ьi h ра grnph d rh \\тfler
уош �til eg . ReMI ne na� rrom Je the comm . еЕ chaJ�an.
Тhen rl'le !о the рппс�р ,r, Мгз А'о ns, _ as tcll 1ht prin ip·1l alюu1 p}ttn!II t th
ng о permtSS10 to
t1f "IП! 11� 11 , f tbe arty? На alI
h ve а p,arty and ielГing her aoo1.1t 'lhe plans 'lhat have Ьееn - е so
• rite your letter. Do nol r1te a.ny , Clres:ses. (120· во or·ds) d w� l:mm J [f oole

u - t suiшЫ щ rnз.fivc fulal

р · gmpb for Uш lc r.

..
Paragrcph 1

1Parag1ra1p,h 2

1nformo1ion1 о ou1 1he

orgon1s<1 10n of he par у
IPor,вgrap,h З

reasst1rance 'thrn fher,e

w 11 Ье по complafnls

lua on
Finall Parag,a p'h

clQ ls ng remш s
-r-...- '"!•.,-,.... ·-= • •• • �-- • -

46 d tl" mbri.e. od!,:.r l ine t -, е. k;�. - rds od ,an r l:h que 1.io:n ,

!ou wшk ror а lшge oompan.y and ушJ organise staft social вventв.
Read lihe _ note lrom your ool eague, Мшtiп. Then, write 10 . 8,
,d roo or af Ul� cornpany as mg ш pem,issfon to haw а рапу ш �в,
.
о се and g I rщ шmaUo aЬoul lhe orgaпismюn о he party.
Wrrte уош lette· !П ал approp11ale sl.yle. 112{]-1 ао words)

1:00 pm
],

1 n or ritiл� ш ttcr?
.1 ш luded1
47 6 _ (n : nl!II te . ur Je[ter. Уоп 11

кр -iнrn
11.h lNhilt 1 ::ing;шt ;r: fш: 11 ·п u�d t
i 011001.1�1: rcsnll:51 Circle й1е wоп!
!ou hav:e been ked to ·write an artic е, for y6ur schoo1 - ag,azl.ne •
.s�g 1пg helpful ways of 1remem'betir,g n.�w voca.\}u 11ry n Engl sh. pbrn е,·, tlши ugg 1 11'1аы allcr•
.
.
Wu1t vouц1·11Jlcl ror he magazine. (120-НЮ wo d:s) n- ti

\Vlшt 11р , iling i 1'1i ? ugg 1 il u iн1Ы alt ma 1ve ....

1 Ш''<Agl"dJ 1,.
''- \\11 ,1t 1- e:lps � ou ю '4; mcn1 r 11 � , <
\' alЬularyi'!

481 R ad tbe urtit!e nd о " r Lb ,q1 n. 1io

state lhe oplc

n odr
,Par,agmp s 2. -
sugges tons and r,es.llJt s

Cancl_1 an
FI a'I Pairagraph

general colТIIТIШil

134
 50 -n1 -, nd ansи er tih � qц� Uпм. ]

errcrs 3
а arn

. m(
l ?
m:in :n (or 1 ri in
i r · riLШ ?

De Sir,
... J ,am '\Vl't . g 1n �м.еdоп W'ilh you:r :rmiew· of the F .еу J ·
.Fesl:ival ai;, 1
·wisb 10 pomt ош , numЬer of mr-ors which, ·w-er,e ln.c uded щ IЬв article. reason or wrl'lfng
F1m ,or iill, y.Qur artcle s a1.ed il1lit Ihe flrst Ьмd Mвgic. were· 1.mюle to
appear illl midday as: ,рlам- ti, Иowever, thei .iim ])and was acluidly C'fbi:I! · •aln odr
•• • •••• • •
(as aщioo:nced in lh.e progrnmrne),, and lhis gr(Щp did ap�ar а midd.ay,
Setondiy, the amcle d.escrihed �- perfonners as seoonct. аю . Тms is Paragtapli'I 2 ... 5
no 11 ,а11 lair, since aU !Ье mustctans e:re ta.!entud mш
dedica[ed
еитоrs ond' explonrnloпs
professionaw.
The lhird errer lhe romark t1'w West · md р yed fo оrйу half an hwr. Paragrapll 6,
In � 1Jш gmиp, р 1ed · о 1.1 least an hoiи, and
dmit бП1s re:e de ' ed
wilhше perfo:rmanQe·.
1е plCJJ"lo on . hy es i о!
P-m.aUy. уош article c1a:im.ed та: е shouIO h 1d yeor
· estim 1п reafuy lher !Je! , · е
suemed diщфoinred" 'Jh lhe
- !ее. 1h sho_ cte Ье d gaifi шщ Jeif, as it prmi _ '
lh01:J1San1Iis O реор
I
and heJpedl :_ - F[nal Parag;r - p,EI
:
 52 Rr.-d ill, r11b:rie, und�r)�·n h ·, lшу ,шrdl · :шdl аш�. ,. r· the ,q;n ctiDP, ·.
А юagazine ror ·!eenagers i� orgenis1ng а slory-Y1ril.iлg rompe1ilion
and уrш nave decld� ta entвr. Тlhe competitlon ru, 1es slate thэt your
......... . •...•
sho story must begin wi!h the followi n,g words:
J h,1d drшшred of this momenl · о, уеш�, and по v 1 Set tlh _ si::e1ne
wanred to slюw hal I deserw.d the chance.
lw о - where - when -
Wril:o you r story ror lhe mag:azjne ( 120-1 ао word's). whol

1 J, 1'1i 11 Гirst- i.::rson ш rrntive r а lh "rd·perюn ш1mri,' '! \.\rh, •? • . In• ....
В d'y
.... ..•
1 Н }W ·1 нild lh 0 11..,ry h� _, in'. \, hy?
З � 1h t kind r •n1on1 1111' шighi 1ou d а111 abйul ,or )'. а i:s?
,De.vello р, ti he story·
de1ailed desпlpHon of
е�е · ts ln ltle order еу
цррепеd
C,ancluslon
• • • .. • • • • • 11_

Fil а 1 :p,a,r,agr·aph

end he srorv: tnal

feelings, comm.ents. е с

tJпdertine tbe i111fom1ati 11 in 'h

fi t para .., r pll � bj h t J! [h
reader:
а, \.i,•h r [h •tar}t I ak . · pla
Ь) what lbe ,..,,·eftt� 'Г\:\ а • 1 nk •
\ hat Lh • [01)' i, :,�Ь«; UI
nderline lh Lir11c ,v )rd, ·/ ·, �
r . ion. Н1 i.: ,·it I' 11а. 11!'.Cd.
w.ni •11 d .

!11 L;Hlt ma�n

S �\ hat w ri1ing techt11qu h� Ь ·�
used in lhe fin.il pa.rngrapl'l'l
,fj tf th writcr hadn' t hurt hi пkl. 1

,.,bat migbt ]1 Ьарр ·nl:d m LЬ

' ' n.tl lшl{ of Ln l'\J'la[,i.;!1 ]niagi t:
diffe rcnt plot Liru , theп ,,rri1�
.uiti.'lbl · нlti?ma1i с pH1'1'gta'PI,.' i �
рапщmрЬ З and Ll'le finвl pпragmp

'136
 4
... � а ... , а. • - ", "'• • '
. �-.

uir. Ы • шlс or [hi.

1 nd '"' r.iahin in · о[ m

55

d iп LЬi cшnpos:irioп
6 u. . а uilllb ul I marnr1..: iц o-
dua:i n fш 1ь· com, ition..

- .. .
ntroductfon .. ..
1Paragrop,h 1,
cleo I s · е he opf с and
yaur aplnlon
То sum up, tflleю ha\l'e been many r
r we !ions O'lflr
tшndred ye�rs. SomlHJ [l'lem, l1ke !he ra;t two ··a1·n Body
Ьenoot:s. On · е 01r,er mmd, оwв
compu hai.<e bюug us l'щge • • • •• •
, m,e,, Hons such as the mQtor саг
have aшsed а lo of proble.ms wtlie Par·agraph
h did not ,e:x1s1 Ьetore.
e,asons ·о bes 1r,ven_tfo11
and 1u.s1 вl lcoliansl
explanallons

Parag11aph З

FI a'I IPairagrap,h

resf ·е you ор on

IЗ7
 ... ·· ·� ··· . . .
56 Jtead, the rub.ri.t, uш�e:rlj11e U1e k • tl 1н11.1 fioп �
1 rodudlon
Yau saw !his aпnouncemerit in an intema1ion1;1I magazine fог юеn
agers, and you have deCiided 'to wri1e ап зrticle. P,gr,1;1gr(lptl1 1
clearly slo е the aplc
'Му mo-st freaS'ured po,эsession .,,, '"' ond vour слоlсе
W е an al'ticle i 1"1 lht-s ti е, аьоu1 s lng or you s 'll"lз , you pМJC\J any varue.
1t ooul'd � a.ny о'Ь ее, Ыg1 or smali! М in B1dy
You should Ьrielly desg1 . е 11:'!е о jocl, and ,ехр _ ·п why 11 ls so impormл1 to y,ou. •. • ......... .•
IPairagraplri1 2
Write yaur anlcle tor he magazin:e (120,180 words).
brief d&stfiplion of objed
1 WllaL i. rпi:::, nl Ьу lhc phras �tr а uл d ро. iм '? Do th� i1en.1 l1a е Pariagroph 3
to lшаЫ,Л
rlrst reosoл for cho се
2 \\lJaJ.L • у, ш т t IICa: ured р с lon. aod \\1 Ь]r do you \j'MU Н. and explaoo lon

Poriagroph, 4
secon.d r,e-asan or ,c,hoece,
o-nd expJano110

Conclu.slon,
5', ost Tn:uured' �ossessron •• • 8 8 •. lllli • • • 18111. 111 '8

0]!1 RL'lfOCM B.IК.li'

finall Parogr,ap'h

Ewryone h.as а celtElifll pos.:session t/'\3 they would not рап ·tn rт anything. lt resjoJe your choice ond
m:ay tie a.n ot:iJe,Ct lha[ ls wonn aJo of mooey, or ·may 1i'fave1en ·men1a1 value on1v. reosoлs
Му awr, most 1teas1J�ed pL".lssession is. my ersor1al stereo.
lhis woodeFifu pieee о! ec.hnalogy 1s made al shiny bJack p1as and s smзll
enough lo li1 in m� ooa'I rpoclmt I com88 eq pped with r lle he.ad hones wn ch are
lig t and comtorl8ble to woor.
One rfвsar:, l like my pemooal те м оо m , iв Ьeca.use i1 enable:s me 1о si1! rл
mv room а ct 1·s е" to muslc wh le I am doing mv ho · ewolk for · o"ege, or
1� �mp]y reww,g,. т е sounci doeэn alitult my ra.m - in · aot hey don't
know when l've ge!II it on 1
Mother ad'l!Mt:!.ge u my pe;ta а1 &tereo t,as · . ИlaL I can ta'ke I eveiywtiere
w th me. lt i6 my ool1Staл cmnpмron· оп llrle Ьш •A!hen ou fш wa1ks. or- shopping,
arid even on me way 10 a11d l'rom rol е. Ав lon,g as I have ,mшз с lo lislen to, l l'lle1.1er
·· eel boted or lonely,
Му persoinal stereo is t"e pel'lf'ec possess10:n. 11 pro1Ji · e.s nter11· 'nment,
re1axa ·an at1dl compan shlp. аrю I wo1J certa.Jriry eel loэt ·1noot .

'What 1)1с � Uli amrle 'l!oTittcli1 iп - fошшl or cшi�foШJaJ''. Wl.1)' has tl)iБ
tylelree'nu d'!
,2 ugg l а uit11Ыe aitcm li е iпlr ducti п,
· hic:h paщgi:.1ph in !ud� н d · 'ripl:itш о( 11]� аЬ' i·,
4 hai �опs and e..'l]laпatioш. do Lh.� writcr gi fш h.er choic . of
1 je 1·. ' rite iJЛ allcri · li , n and .хрlал Lion.

,� цgg l u ·uitиЫc:: uII 'm, 1i· -е liш.11 :P'dt'. �i· р ·•

1381
 · mput r m i
. n tйri.:: i'nfilnnati4.1n
Тhе edilor о ari rf11iЭ'Пi 11омl m.э.g ·ne for уо ng рео le ha: inYlted
you 1О w111 е ai stюtl arucle in _ &r о rol , ·ng1 ques on:
11 уои · . :rв· asked ro choose ап evetydзy оЬ · с: t 1' has
1

chan.ged ош .f№s whlch с · с td уои choosв. айd why'?

rds).
в • fmm anJ .1.i h re -
'1 \\'hл:1 l)pe of rritin · du ?
1
\ rtta1 � ur ln ,?
3
• - .u
,g
• P1il
- find Ш.1
·nнhln
о, •
•rпu -

i.at h

60

139
 6,1 R ,·d, 'Шt- rubli �, uпd. rl[п rih ke. . rd . nd ап· ·er CII. itt i оп "'
h,e ed'it�r of rour college magшine l1a5 invited you to wnte ап article
'su иt1ng SJmple ways fo" stooeлts to kiep and stey hea� hу.
�
Wr1te your a.111cle· for 1he 1maga.zin.e (,20•1130 words).

Ш \\11· Lype of compo ition i Lhi .

Z '�'l1a1 h lri · ., nu ·о ke р ·fi1 ш,d 11 lthy'!

Cumm,on•Sen е Filrtess Ьf �11 "ми,рnу

Оо you fiind that most magdine anicles out � ih алd filлeэs sugg�s
ror you?' \f/в 1. don't orry - t еге
'so utfons' 'thЗl'Зrn muoti ioo ei,:11:шwe о ,dsta)ltti11hea!thy.
are а n Ье, of eesy �ys to keep Гil ancl
Tha ·fitsl. step · s. cЬvioцs: 1 y,o1J are а sm� er, you s.lюul.t,t stcp. Smaking is а
[tlt of Q\her · 13a11h, proьtems_ 11 i& also
leao· g, сашв of ,аа 001. heart. d�ease and аlfl О - Т \:)iO i&'S, smo\<.e. Тhе resuft Of
Dad for OOFl•Smotc·eГS W О have tO brea\he tor you and everyaneeroond you.
g1 ng 1up sirю ·ng would 1ю nea1 'вг liles't}'te,
lt �s аlэо а good d&a to ge't som& exer1 cts rtioo You don eed to Joln а gym · о do
thls. lnS1\ead, waJ� qutekky 3f{JLJ00 yo.u nelg�ou �boo d lor rty mlnutвs, ree Qr ·lощ·
l.rnвs а //Нk_ 1 у(ш do lhis, уоо wJr Пnd h&Ve much rnol'e ei;:ieщv-
fir,a�. )!Olci stюuld тnake sure you. eal t,ealth i f, espec!a IY i yo u ,are o.verwe gп ·.
:and egeLa_Ыes, yo u · ,� 1t g
1 1ou CIJ down on fals and eat morie· ее1fruЬt er апd Гiw \ong ,.
na1ur-a.! у. Аз а res- lt, you w1t Ье fitter,
So, wha can we do \'О lвad а onger andуо1 beaJ hier !ife? 'tt1e arn;'l,'/ef l,s mpa е.
д dleL ln my \liew, �a ltiree eiy
SICJp smcklлg, get some e:,i;erdse and imprCflle
stepS .am е kеув to g0od heal\h.

[ ar the 1opic or 1 ntroduct'fo:n

• 8 8 tl . 1 111 •

Paragrapltl1 1
th'
sla е lhe lopic

...
3
4 uiL· 1
Paragraph s :2 - ,4
S \\fliш:! r -uи do"' lh wriLer ехре ·[ iJ Lh read r foll � cach , h�r
.\I� ltOi'I,?
sugges lons ortd resul s
6 Circ t_!1 plюt. IJst<I tn i'ntmclu= � [oon . 11ggc!i.r я111 Ыс
..._ 11•• r tllt.
•Са • clu.slan
lt m1111i\ie phr r. •
'7 \\fhat '"'ritin.g te hniq11 11 Ь n LI iл th on Ju� i n'/ What о h г ffnall Par11graph1
t cb.ni,q u 111 Ь u d.
ge,nerol <;,omment ls ole
8 u: Ccsl ::1 suitaЫe a'l!Jc-mati е nпal раrа.ьатар!l. your о лlon

140
63 R d t .е rol)i;i - ш1d rli п 1111 ' •'"·urd шill alllS1'·tr tht: 1qпе tion 1

,,
You have jus seen

Fltm &18& anted

3 fi

iл rilm . \1'1 li) ;\lh not.

64
•
Р',а agr-aph1 1

reosor, f or wrrt1ng

age, current s11 Ciliont

relevan1 s.100· es
Paragl'\apb З

deS(t р 10n о ,арроо ance

Parag r,ap h 4

Parag,11a p'h ,:5

••
IF nal Рсш1:g aph
clos ng re ks

1 1
 65 er th q111 1о ·1. \ lшt loe. ih ГII · pr: •f r - u,1,1;
m111 ir or r,erorded mu ic'!
Yau sa.w thfs aлnouncemer11 in an lnte nalional mu.sic magazinei шJ rliпe [l1e main poi n \vh iel1
and ha.ve decided ю enLe · the1 �ompe1:iti.an�
Н1с \\1тitcr gi cs i 11 s1.1.pp rt. of his
Da ушJ prefer live m slc ar recorded music?' pioioп, �Vlшt rcш.on(-) d е · 11
Wrife влd tel1 ш; - and wln faЬulous prizes ln oor competl on1 r 5е 11t I JU. ti·fy са 9 poi11I.?
Sirnply wrile an article g ngi уош ор · j,ш:.
Th.e besl· amale wIO Ье published fn е magazine and lhe wiщier .' 1 reooive 3 nd rliп l.h nppo ·шg ieivpвint
t 1 ООО wшth о CDs and oonoort licжetв.. , hi 111 t}1 ri[ef g_iY • \ nat
rea ·on( do h. pr nt 10 ju ti�·
WriLe your ar'IIO е for lho magazir,в ( 12().180 woro,s). 'th' poin1.
4 Circ�c Lh linkin
1 What lypr of пiti по i lh iis?
\\1l1i ·Ь Llie \o,1ri[er
1 По 1ron спjо" listeпiп to rcc rdcd music. Ha,,re you :v cr bcel] 1.о а 1r.re i11trodnce ie\ роiп� thc11 ugg .
once:rt \ hich о ·0111 prefcr • nd ,1"l1y: uit, Ые а![ шзiive
5 u о . uil.at k alt m,ativc final
66 Пе d d1e ам cle ппd an. ,-er the qu: , 1i,ом. parngrnph.

Ьу Тiт Jorreэ
Pairag r·a;plh 1
Many ргор!е sзу ·thal galng
ta а ccш:ert аоо seelng
stale oplc ond уош
ytшr favoшfie gшup plary 1s opfnlon1 cleorlv
а llriШn91 e:i:perierioo, аш!
one whlch caлnot 'Ье
ln dy
camparetl to I stoorлo [о ••• • •
reoomed mus·�- 1 (Jlsagree
w't'h thls polnk ol 1е , lor
se�eral rез30лs.
v ewpoinls and reasons
То Ьegin wi1h IЬВJ0 ,s 110 dшiЬt lh;t recorc!ecl
music: Js more aon,..вnfeпt. 1Мlal шшld Ьв better than Ьuушg а comparn dis.c or
cassette ашl LJsloo пg 1:о t whвnвwr you wащ 1n lfaв реаов апd cornlort of your
own hor1 е? PorlaЫe pГa)lers arso mеал that you сап сапу tho mus D amuпd opposl� viewpolnJ ond
ldth�IШ. eason
Furthe.rmore, iri rny np!лron Lhe· intmductitin or llш compae1 disc ha.s; meant ·1nз[
C:on tus'fon
lhe (ltla!ity ,CJI rec-orded music 11as ·li p,oved а great deal. Wl'ten you u�len to а
CD, you1 сап hcar lh.e wo1'ds d miisic mo е creany than уо1.1 could а1 а соnсм:.
•• • •
Whai is mcr,e, ус.и сал a�jus 1 1е valume an.d so on ·10 !'iuit yiшr&el , IFinall Paragr,a,ph
ол ltle оmе:г t1зt1d, many peopl& argue ttiat thi spie�I a-1mosphere at а 11 е eslo е yo.ur opinion us1n.g
co111Cert m ,es il m(lre. enJ�ati . тnе excitвmenl. о· tne crowd adas to your own difrerent ww,ds
e.xcit.emeм, 1ney say. �е recoraea music сап f\ever aivв you suot, а tee�n�.
То su-m цр, 11 1mily oolieve 'that, {l)th<1щ1h live сопс s аrв oJten spec acular, you
сал all)p ec�te а group·s muэic bttt-er w,heп i is recorded.

142
 67 R,e· d thc rubri underlli.n tbe '• .' "·ord nd оп .п tr t.l'Jc que. ·tjoru;.

You are o:n the oommirtee of а Шm cruь, and haw ,been мlred о P',a;r,agraph1 1
writo· а .report for tniз club chilirman, sug:gesling Lv,o fflm<S to Ье
showr, as part ,of the cruь·s prGgram е,. You should brieПv describe purpose ond con'te of r-eporl
e.ach fllmi мd explaiт, why you thtnk the cruь members woultll enjoy
these 'films. Wrire уоuг repon (120 100 words), aln _,
1 \\1haHype o[wriliпg i lhis. !P·ar,agraph 2 - 3
2. \\1 hal I le П(IU аi bi; \\'ЛЩ:ИI in,'.'
rec:ommendcrtloлs
], \\1 hich 1",·о Шm: \ ould �· u :rеоошmеп� · nd wby?
IParagraph 4
68 . . .d 'tbc odd аиd а reasonls) 'f or cholces cind
ехр ana io"sts]
TOI: 1David , son, Chairman, Silver Sa,frefis. Fit · Ol1.1b
Со tu1 on
1

f;r,o:m: Jеш, er Carlisle, Committeв memЬer

Sublet1: IFi m recommendв.!ioris
Date: FeЬruroy, 20 ..•• Frnall Pa11a:gr< 1p 1h

AIM genera1 со алd flnal

Тhе purpose ol this reporn is, 1.о recomme.nd iwo, fllms to Ье · cluded in lhe lilm recommend'ationls]
с:1 . b's prngramme Jor ·the stimmer season.
FIRSТ IRECOMMENDAil'ON 69 Reud tl е ruJJi"c 1111dtrlin the
Тh Engllsh Г� m S/eui/1' woutd а 9000 choioo ro 111е J n .scveooingi, Mlchaвl ,k )1 'l'mll. ncl 1ш.�·еr 111,е
Caine апd Si, Laureп� Olivie, slar ·s mys ery dassir;, Тhе e;.;GЩµlioпal qut t 0111
u,·пg aooul ·s fl;lm is lhi1, usiщ makiN.1p, ooslumw and diflererit accents, Уоо belong to а Ьооk dub ,and
lhes.e two ac:tors play all lhe rdles iri lhe 1ilm. hav� Ье11п asked !о write а
repoo, Jог the с ub magazine,
SECOND RE,OOMMENDATION recommending1 two Ьooks to
Uttle Вig Мап iз s.ecol"ld rocommendalion. Тhis is ,а ck соmюу de.ali g olub memьeгs. Descnьe each
wil.h some se�ous emes ln American hls.tory. Dustln НoUman h&.ads an Ьооk brJefly эnd oxp'la.in why
exoelterit cast о VEI eran pmo mers ln tnrs epic. m embers ,..юuld enjoy rtad'ing
em. Wrik! yoor r,epo:rt. ( 120·
REASONtS fOR А&СОМ &NDATIONS 1BOwords}
№#1 1Jms WШ.J d offer club memь.e s а loi !о lhlnk al:юut, as аз bsi g Jl \\fl'шt tyt hould у ur rep rt Ь
amLJJsirig and en\ertвlning. Тhls would Ье а. nice oonlra.sl lo laзt уеа з films,
"1тil- .n in.
whlch were ra e:r вooous. Furlhe1TT1ore, quaJity af aD!ing алd di ��о I in
both 1lrns is mroe enl wnich iв: sure to рlеазе ош 1memЬers, 2 \\'hi ·Ь lxю.ks will �r 1.1 reooшmeлd.
aлdwh
CONCl.!USION
J
For lhe roosons above, 1 re<:ommend S/'culh and Uttle Big Ма.п as cho"i::.es l'or
the sum111er progmm � е. 1 beJreve lliese 'Ш - would enlвlta1n our momhers
and lncrease all.en се а1 the .scroo jr,�.

1 tl1c pwp ·е ., th тeport cleшly t;ш:d 1n th_ intг нlu 1; ''ugg ·1 а

uiш.Ыс а:1 crnalive first para rapl1 tor t.11 · li , ort
70 R пd tlilr mbric jп Е! • 6,91 о in
,i!nd, r.it.e. 1or ort· ·1 (120-1 О
2 :\1 1нt[ reasons docs rhc ritc ir ajve ш xr,lain � 1hy cl�1h 1 _ ml�rs °" ou1d ord • JФU!r a1n -, r� fro,m
eujoy lh � n.:oomпPnd d. Е1(_.. 69 and tbe pl_n amd. modcl
V rit ·uibll maiп bodyp, ragrnpb aЬuut t\vo films. f ur, \'1'П choire. frum • 68 �о belp �r,11.
1 3
 Appendix I: .LiвJd'ng: "or,d / Phra. е.,

То �:не реrюш1.I llt 111J1 opi1Jim1, J ln ту II i1W J Те ту, mi1Jd, J ·p,-- 'qflallJ) .1 �iet:,· ,thni / 1'/�1 (Vf'f'J') Sl'rQfigf:11l"'r J

ep1ni 11: lt .ю ms to т. tlшi f 1 lhink tliat J)l.'OfН f1(}U1d Ьс ,mcmfmgr,d iв 1щс puЬlic tmrn_'[W.rr. ln lh diJ,

о li, t , t' oj t О:п otlier am·anla , of / Тh·� rnaii.1 f1d\.'i1J11ll.gt! l).j I

Оп·е udm11tage qf I Auathe-г бt11 1ш1lбg

advшlagcs Th gmr1 :· шf11апт ()/ I 1'11 finl adJl(1'111'tlkf о/ lшii,iя •m, (щ•11 lщ, inr � 1/ т yori с ,iot

шid lш �·ео lo tuke ardeл.

011 disшl1vшlaяe о/ 1 Allшl1er distm11llllf.age ,uJ l ,Ош: ,o/hi!r disadwшt� af I Т/Jе, шаiи
d(Sш:l11t11.1m.g of / Th gm,t ii ,dismJ�utjlfW of I '11и Ji�I di аd111тмgе o/Jjj] ifi,: Jи1r 0»'1 Ь I itir

is dial ·ии lra1· • UJ t v rk frm · /ra1iл.

f"i,.g(ij.;J, J Frr:.f oJ ull, l ln 1/1 ·Jin.1 pface, l ТЬ .'>filrt 1fi1h, I То l!q;i11 11·i1h, / «ood� , l
TliinN , / i,,:ш1IJi ,, L'!!:r)'OJ • k110 tlrш mflking i t .11 т ! у Ь d fi r 11с' hrabl1.

BБG/J'\ r1 '(]; Fim, I �17 &ttln ·ifh, / То lщ:i11 ilh- J .Fir.,l ;Joll, t eJ�ljWte а111 о/ 1he fшildm
(J' Т1 ,� J'IG: Sёt,tmt!ly I A.ft� th,�/.11111 I Tium ! tex, t11II 1l1e Jirt I; 1tf.
СО l. DЬVG! Fl'nnl'IJ, 1 l.л.,;t.ly I Lшl Jшt n'D.I fcмl kap а sa dLщmct> frr»11 1/и• frt>.

dd шоr р ш l'f1lgl is т . _ 1 Htrth NilWf', ( .Uotw1· г. I .Apart from lhi (tlшJ l /п {tdtliton (lo tlri:;), t lk!iidi ((l,is,,
doys ат vc,y iшrft ,J i1l rюJice w rk.

i;юg.� U/1! Ш$1.1 , -- ' Ulil'ftt/ {11 р 1/f iJ.,'Шk,

Dog ам. � • u.�fнl in рй/k 11,o;k t(IO.

ril ,r.mh do fl /rф IJ1� blind. lmt di�· arY I ry• ,1м:ftd i11 polke �w,A ,us кlCll.

То тюw c:8usc: The ВВС duiilcd 11 01 to h·o1v thi! pлwrrm;11e '/шт1sе ( tful! t/J tJuftJt!l thлt /. ,11и / ,а_

ТJ're рюgю11ш1 • 11wid ир i т � ншn рсорlщ /il't" l'hi �11 I th Ni/r!te rfi ВВС

t/«id�d /Шl /а �hm it

To.ht�'

Н.е di!cidl!d 10 l�nm Rtj 'Siarr !Ш t:hi!t 11� r:011J'd rend ТйШQj'.
#,,• dN- tlc!d lo /. tiim R,( itm ·о а. to I J,- 11,rder IQ rvc�d 1· l::rtuy.
 Por iл:l"fQJJ.�. ( FfJr ,e;пmip,lfl,, Ь , m1u1iJ "· mimmi11 or joggiлg iim.-e иiпш 11'1 ,, • k 'tщ frcl
ех mp:Je: · w1t№, ,md ii1· fщфrr.

В,.· taking niчdм auciR lt�IJ м J lik� rr.tm1i11tt .rn •ioo11i1J м fl,fling у,ш fr.'r!l устiр (Щt/ 11� kщ ,,.

ffyo!J Щl r11 fl, 1 :t· iШ i f /Jf!fl 11, ltm,:tf',

№
'Шl fJ, U«l Шkt' regufur e.tffl.Ut.'1 pu:rliClill'IПJ, /

in .tмlticu!«r l i·sp«iиl-6•,, nmning. :11'-immin · rл jogg.ng.

То J,м,
reftue t& 11/t'tu lhtm.
can1rю:
.1.flthiшgli / E..'vrп tluшgh / 11• pii of 111· /а i· .t'haJ I l)crpit 1:he fa� dit1.I 'mlюJд ,t1IO /i'iJ11\,\ 1 10 Шi
li1, �- Ш(lll 1 /)1; 1'>t' 'f/rMc ltJ �v , r th. e n1.

Тит lile ilial к·l�п I w/1,ещ1· т l i№fi ,е 1 !):.\: юrт ш / 1/1е Ь1шеr tжл ш
То�;lшм•
l lшщу1 � &'t-'П Ьо.dс luшt� i1za llJ,'il.
tiiJlle.:
•v� mffl " l wa пv;.t i11g Н1е ln'fi.
! . т Ыт .,liil, 1 а._� Of>.ufлg tlr� .-rk ·t.

We rl'n-'ef �v:e t!hrn mlrer {lhlfl 1hn1 1/i • \,е lllOl'ed /li' 11110 h4'r пd1,11Ьиш-!шоd

Тht1t s 1/1е ,�'Oltrilll wlю lh� 1w:t door lQ т

1/, :� rl1e mtm lшse ar 111а.� srok:n rerdщ1 •

Тht11" 1/1., (Щ .11iih xml. l1ю т •

l.nшfn11 U tlti! Ш1 w/1 .rt! J ll'й! lюnt.

Rш1iJJ•, l l.m.fJi· f All i11 afl:i I Takiщ: !'lf 1/1i11g iillЛ uccшmr: / Оп tlt whul ., /
То inl �du«;
-ll lbi11 ,rx,msideт-ed, / ,ln CfJnr"/if.l,iw1, I То 1ш11111р, ,10 011 Ь like/y to fi1rd а с:щ for
uwn lusu.ш:
1/ie: отт911 оМ in 1/1 ne�r '11llrrr.
 рр nd.i Па: Opening and [о :ing Reшarb lor Letter
,'ii\'in(!:nm·
Optшin • R!.'111 l"Ь:
M;d:jn , .111 ii1,·ir · 1iол
О,1ншin, R 11111.rks:
,\n.�pliц i1Ш io,'i1 . liu.tl
I
Opcnin:g R!�m1111:
R•fi: in, an in�мм,
, e.ning R!em r�:
"og r r 11dп1.i11'
1
Ор n.in2 Rem.art.s:
�ivi�щ)).
Ор i:n :RtmJ)I\ _ •
king I r 11rопм1 [0111
pening Reinnrlu:
11\FOltMi\l,
l 'm Yl'rilin lf lr:11 'О\1 ·Ф1М ... m rilin'lr !.1 iлfопп �u 1Jf ...
Т11а1·� nJI 111 , nc:W!i nг nn " oold р� ,.d 1е your th,()11gh1.
nn tbl. m:.lle.r.
l.'m WПIIIJ8 IO invit jOl.1 kl �- W \\'tюld Ь ,·ery р п...,;еd ir }·ош W 1,•,oul'd Ь horюured if yuu
could oom.: ... �'Q.UltJ :,twnd ,..
gre-at fшn!
Th:rn'ks lot for l1i invil tion. l'd ТЬ,ш )'01.1 Г.оr )'OUr �i:шd imril.ati<1n· Th.mk \tШ ftlr y,oor ·nd inYil:1ticn.
lu� 1.1.н"Оm •.• i.i.•1:, '\\'Ql.lfu м r j in у u .. \\\: oo!d tllc d1.:J ,tod' а.1.1 1.1d �-
\ е look • iw4nJ to . _ e1ng fGU. 11, .11k ynu 011 е more щ )IUUr
Jcind irivi!ali m.
Thtu!Ь .i lo1 f! r lhв invitation buL 1
WClni'L 1,,е bl to· 111 it ...
1Р1: Ьllps w с.ш �t ю · �l,cr !>Ооп. 1 hopt 1.h.м in l.he r1.111.1re v.c m i.., ,1
hn.ve 111 о шшii\• ш meet.
l\'"t proolan, an.d l 1hin'k you 1'd rcйlly 11 ·с o'Ql.li' 1tdvicc 1,io11t/ 1 m wril о I rcq1,1 :mc
t:н, help,. on � clvice мnшnifl_g ...
\\-tri1 _ .Ьа� i.D1 fl 1щtl 1e,1J me: 1.,111111 l re.a.11y lш }ТОаt сап 1р rт,с. I м1.1ld grc.нtl
'DU lhint.
]'m. ny to he11r • a11d I hln l l'm ·c.ry r{Y ьо h r th 1· Y(IU'rё 1· an1 \\.'nllщ wiih riegard оо )'our
ron help. hnvin problems wi1h ... !e;ttef r�1�ing �Мсе ст1 mil'!g
1 Ьоре e�-erytbl11g tum. ,001 \Vl,'ill, [ lюi I bav' hoori i iJ 11 iмш1
IIJ \'J."IU.
. 'm thtn i11g e1r ... 110 1 wonclaed l'rn �tdering ... ancl 1•d 1� е 1 Г I мuld r�1ly ppr«i ,е: i1 ir
if l(ш ukl hclp mi:: 001. 11 oouTd g.i1re ипе soml! ynu сшиld l')m''/de m� \ i'th �
i nforп�aLiun. mfl:irrnзtiuю IJI] •..
Н � ,l.lu c..sn lielp! 1 vшuW tlppr,m.11� ' iШJ h lp JШI Th:шk ) u rn dY.JП. 11 fDТ )lШГ
c:an \ шс , • ki11d соо� ·tюn , ..
 r•Olt.\L\L

Opmin" R.1ш1111rks: I\•t: !Qokt!d intt1 .•. r'm writin-g iq щ, ., щ ущ1r 1ше-г rn Vl'l'JI ing in ree.1:ionse ro Yi ш
Шing ro:r j,11rorm.JhШ'I OГJI •.• 1 tli:!rreqш� tiпg infшmati'On 011 ...

Do М4 h �i а1е. 10 coot.1 1 me:

slшuld ·o,u requi:re furlher
8ШSl3J1ct
IЬankmgsb
Qptnlng R, 1.ш1r_: , Th11:n . )'00 Vi:J}' Пiucn (or ··- 1 зm wriliп 10 , хр� m
grati11Joo for ...

ltwa VCJl '('100 � u 10. 1 .im е lrcn1el f131t u ror ,..

дp11lfl&I ing
Ор1шн11 :Rwш1rks:, t я1111 writing I apo/ogise for ,., 1 ,11rm "''riiing w . ffer п . • inocr�
pologies regar,diщ: ...

Qn� g.' ini, pJ,= _. IЮХ:['Ю' O{LT

�iп.00�1 apclogi� ...
·011 •tJ u'f.aling h
Opr:nJ n Rшnor� l'ш jtщ \vritit1 11;1 , _ • \vell done: ..• [ w. re:i!ly happy/pl� i:O b.e�r rt)' [ <:QП rnJulate ) п 011 •• ,
IJ1Ju1 •.•

f -ppl lltm
Op1шin Remu..Ь: l ШI1 uтitiп • 10 3Рр] ror l.h
posi1i I м

Сi!.шщ • ReimJ,rЬ;
u .. ,
f mpl int
Ope:niпg RemвrЬ: I am uт.itmg to dr:m• ) ur
::ilIO!illlШ W ...

I Ьоре lhзl lhis mat[t:r �ш 1ю

reнol'i'(IO ..,
·[11J..io Requ 1s
Op,шing Rcmarks, Cou]d you tfu · lruцg ror m '. 1 � пdi!rtd r[ )'OL1Ct11.1l!.I possiЬly do [ "'OUkl Ь must itl,cful i[ ,
n1 а а,'Сш. co1:1ld ...

Clnsing, Rem м: I Ьср,е )ОО rnn help me ш1t. [ h � it i.m"[ 100 murh trouble. ТЬзпk IUlil in асмшоо fc,r )'D
!jssj ·1а11 in d1is ша11.с:r.

14В
 рр n.di. JTh: U eflJ ''ocabu[a·ry ·for L tter

rо1шл1.
ТЬе. p�r1y ddin r 111Q11 wiU
Ьt:h ldon ... 1 ...
IJJ lhe 1.Wf il' :i, {; ш:у dге I1 \\•�1 Ье :1 fшttj' dr!.!ss party/ 0 oo,·i)e.d th111t lh pзrt ,,
p,IO}'.ffunrшI ccr ·ШOJJ.• ••• rurmal · ю11 ...
Уоuслп I J'IJ rif}'OO li е .., Ir )'СО nced юше1 h r to, stily •.• a:ommoo l� 1J с.1_111 Ье pro ided
Ь)' �tnill� 1111:Jtl "
'
Тht cat r[r1
Ь.."еn rn � ...
You "'ш IJOI Ъе r .(JШfl!.{I lo .••
1 11 great \11' • 1:О i:eleЬтaJc -� 11-'s i1. "'опdе:d'ш way � celel:m:it •., r·m sure it \liJlll Ь il 'l'li 11derful

Ву 'lhe \\'11 , i '00 IIQC htlp \\i' Ь ... f f 'nil WOPld like an_ мlf'i ... J1CC: .••
Cnn 1 hring m)• rr· Dd, Вrint11 UК1Ld I invit� а rrif.oo ю rome ью� �· ou!d il Ье possiЫlc', fDr -� to
act(}ffipзtl} m.c:: •

l 12.m't m kc il · :r11 ... [ ю11,'1 Ьс а_Ь.1

l\rt: i)! 1,)3· 1 fO.r 11,11t \11 ��11.d �- ib \talш�

Do you kшэw 1)1blng lllюu1 __ Do ynu ha,·� rnforrnз1j1т aoou[ ... rь.'l!d [1 _

J ШО 11«:d lo kl.юw tll ... l \liiOl!ld also like to k 1� ...

'1 "'щtt tQ · nd au! nhoш ... , •1& 111 �ddilio11, cюuld уоо tel1 rn •.•
С-а:п yuu iil 11:1. m , kиuw if ... И• uk1 -oual ...
gl
1 W<t.Utd 1х ,d 00 �- 1 \iio"OL1,1d Ьс Itful Of ...

] h.ive • �пt you ... 1'11k I rtcr Jncl11� _ а ...

То iJШV.'U wr qш m п !юu1 ... ln � lo)1JШ,1:nquu:y .iЬoot ...
:[}id � kn 11\tt д ,; cre ·ou il\\"Ш't' r ...?
Th\s 1nf; 1'11\nt 1'1 • houl.d he1p )"CIU "' пь· inimmil1i n h 1.1!d hc ·uscюl
to · 11 •.• О Ш,IНО 'U ...

1'.m r :al1J ы�rиу for/.:ihaul ... , 1 • polog� for ,w р� "�L ПI}' 1! logi f1 .. ,
]1 \\ uldп't :ьа, h ррс� if n, fL паррепеd! u.w gr ... Thi= situ tion1 .irlllW dD 10 ...
· adm1t thзt il · as пi I t i,JII. ... 1 am ю Ыаm\: ror ,.. 11,с :rull i i'lti.n:I · й1i11е •.•
Т {Lidr:i'! m�n io -- lt w, м1 ln1i::11 oon.oJ •.• 11 '11,, м 1111 1n1:1:;r11i 111 •••

I re1111 • n�ed ... l'tl li .... 1 1 is:h IU cqu L •••

Сап I k )'ОО to u, Cou!d r - )'DIJ 111 ••• \\1ш1]d ft Ьс � iblc or y u do ...

Why do1111 � u .. 1 1 "';rcy 1.1 l'd ... J ·uJdl(l Hht...

114�
 _рреоdц ШП: Ru] es Eor Punctua1ioжt
1

САРПАL I.EПERS СОММА(J

А capi al let!er is used: А comma is used:
to begin а s:enterкe. • о separa.te !.'Юrds i ai list.
e_g_ fhere's: в gre.e:t Шт play!ng вr tfle 11lлет.в_ e,g,. 'We need eggs, mif� спееsе апd Ьuttet.
for dаув: m the eek monlhв and puЬlic holidays_ lo separa.te pbrases or clauses.
e.g. Thi's year, ,ct11i&1mвs Day faJlS: оп th , tt1s1 Surn18.y ot e.g,. Не stapped warkf.ng, tooked dawn, ar1d ,eвliэed !hsl
Dвoember. he was slill llfng 'his s�'ppers.
• tor narnes or рюрtе аrю place�. ., 1,0 separatt long senterкes nked Ьу алd, Ьu. as" ar. etc, .
0.9 Susan fшd а vmy Ьаd coJ� Ьш she stШ wвnt w е
e.g .. · ·у best · riend's name ls ciairre a.nd she s fr()m
1
•

,camilt, wares._ party,

Апn broughl same delicJovs �g sand · ches. пd
l'ог pecpte's ti lN. Тr.т brooghr hi� !атооs chocofa:11 Ьrcr.vпles_
e.g. Mr ала Mrs Graham · D'r St:вvвns: Profess01 Вюwт 10 вe:parate а non-1denllfylng rela!J\lle clause (1.е. а
eJC. �lausв giving extra ntorr natlon 'hlch lз о essen!lal
• l'or na ona! IJes · d !anguag;e:s. lne mвan'ng of, в mafn clause} from the main clause.
e:.g. Т11еу ша Fre сп. е.91. arw: who f� а ЬaJlerfna� fJvoo fn Pf.lтiэ..
We love lia{ian cwsine_ ne юсаf merfre here уои саrт buy eщii,; spf.c ·
Не's "uerrl 1n Paduguese аш1 GetmШl.. fэ Jocated м 1т H{sn ,Sreet
lor the first 'Wofd and/ar lhe mом ,mpo an! ords (e.g. апеr certain lirn ing wordsJphra.ses ,(e.g. in addilion
noun s, v,вrbs, adjemives, adverbs) oi Jtl вs oi Ьо оlщ if'liS, ·ri:,r examp-Je, мwever, in ccnausюn. etc).
nlms, plays, 1V piograrnrшщ elc. e.g. ln вddШоп lo this, fred' is а co,Jleclor of anUq t
e.g_ Тhе Slxlh s·епsв \Wlchгs.
whein �ausи begin senшnces.
lлd18ns Jones 8Лd lhe LDSI Т&трJе
1

в.g ff we had taken tюr advire, we wou1d11� Ь-аvе gor los1

Alicв in· Wonderl8лd Notc� о commз is used, howeve-, when 'the iJ-ct,a.
Note: Тhе ре sonal pro oun 1 .· always а caprtaJ le ter. tolrows the mвi dause_
e.g. Geo1ge влd .t ere gafr,g ю !he tилfгй. • Ьercire 8f1йJ'°' a.fter ехр esslons sueh аз� hefвlю said, ва_:_
TomJMary. etc. en report!ng1 юmюnе'з exact words.
e.g. Opвning thi door. h,e sэid Wake, ир chlldrвn,
timв to get юаdу for усшr lJiµ. "
JUU. SIDP (J Ьut: "J ат шh,шsted "sшd lhв fire 1g tвr.
о separaю q11JesUon tags ' ,om lhe resl o.f i :е Sel'I el'I
А· ul sto,o rs used: e.g. Ms Jапеэ is yo,ur nl$tory leac · е,; iSI! s ?
• lo end а sentencв lhal is not а qшзs ·оп онm
e:«lama · on.
e.g. l'т har,4nga wondвrful time. There's so much to do, OUISIION МАНК Ш
here.
А question mark is used:
10 end а. <:lirect q;ue,slion.
e.g. НО V 0Ю ate уо.и?
RAJICS Note: А que-sliшч mшk ш not usвd to end :an ind"ired
question.
ltalics are щ;.еd; e.g. Не, asнed тв how о d i wаэ.
to s ow I е Jlles of book.s. p1ays, newspape-s, lilms,
ёtс.
e.g. Пrе №лchoock о! Notre D те ЕIСUМАПОК МARI (!:)
Rorneo апd Jul/'81
Тhе Daily Мшl Ап exclamatlon mark is u:sю:
BmlVl.'l'lrв8rl • 1D впd an exclamaJ оту s mtmюe 1.е. а sente1ю0 shawl �
to, ooow names o1 'ho el.s, restaurnnш. etc. adшira ·оп. wгр se, io-v, апgе:, ,etc.
e.g. Тhв Maje.sDc Нolel e.g. ТЬа 's greal. newsl
Clвo's Grm Нrмв What .а ,Ьwulifui ЬгЬуI

151
 OUOIAIIDN М6RК (' . .. �·)
А quo а lo 'm ls used:
• diriecl :speeoh [О r,epon � · е eX"aot ords someone said.
е..,. 'Му Шgti ks rer1vmg дt 9am, �afd Рате/а.
hею аю уаи · rom?' he asked us.
ror QUoLationэ (i.e; phrases t�k�n Jrom books, р ays,
е с) say! gs and proverЬs.
в,g, AJI fп all, J Ьeliiffl' tlшl Ше woufd Ьв: bodпg withoul
mus,o. As RobrJr.t rrfpp 011ciJ said, '"mus;c; fs jvst ,а
mегт; af cюatiщ;i а maglcal srate.
Му gr.andtгtfнэr usвd lo say that 'а111 аррlв а day
fl:вврэ liш dovtor away. '
ctllD (:)
А c,oro is used:
1о i rtroduoe а list.
e.g� Тhеrв vвr1 four ,о ,us оп в tюа : my
mo!'tlвr, ту fгlher, my cousln Jгпе and mв.
SEМICOION (-)
Asem'oolon is. uwd:
lnsiead о1 а. rull вlар зomeLlmes to sepa.rate main
велl:еnсеэ when ltle" mеал ng is oonnecled.
Sem1co1ons are not 1Usee1 аа frequen1ty ав 11 stops or
cornmзs.
e.g. Some 1eenage1S Тir,d ,1 e.xtter nefy flar,d 10 choote г
,саrеег o/hers coпs.idet it в fвirly ,easy cJIOice.
DOIS ( ... )
Tnree dols are used ю s ow at word; na.ve Ье�n reft
01.1. · rom а quota; on. provero, se ,enoo, е с.
e1 .g. Ав Effi"r.frd Gulhman шюв satd, 'Thirty seconds rm
lhe вvooing nв � s wor:th � fron · page hвadline - •
BRACIEIS ()
Brac ets are used�
to sepaia1re Ebltra informa "an from lhe rest or the
sentence.
e.g. These dзys, уйи свп buy popul'ar newspгpers (l.e.
The New York Тimes, 1..е · сшdе, etc) almast
anywhвre п lhe woffd,
APDSТRDPHE (')
An apos ,rophe is ed:
in stюrt rorms to ShO'I lhat оо-е ог re le:tt,ers о
numЬe S, have ooen left OU'I.
e.g.l'm (- J am) wriing oe�use l\le ( 1 have) got
great· news.
i 1е· 'fо,·Сштаdа in tlle surrrmeraf tg5. (""' 1995)
ero е or af!er the poosessive-s to sho ownвrship or
ela1·011s ip ootween реор
e.g, Torn's blcycle1 ту slsler's son (S1ng ar nош1 · 's)
· ту parnnls' са; (pluml n:oun 1
women's slюss (lrтegul.ar р ша! • 's)
S1udy tho uxamplos:
.g. l.ook at lha1 p�ock! Arвrl � f fealhers beautiшt?'
(it'S "'possessive adjectirm)
l!)ut: 11 � (� it isJ а oeauJifиJ day, fsn 1 it?
Оиr schooJ is ve,y ,blg. '1 ,� go ( = ft has gщ rhree tfooтs
гм./ а huge gymrni,sfum.
о form lhe plurals of letttrs, umЬers, о ,abbrnvi\i ons.
e.g1. She often wmes i'11 Jnmd о! g•s..
Рг�аgе tюlidays Ьесаmе e-xtremen, PoPlllar ;п rhe
· S80"s
U IOEF's, вffom to raf$ тмеу w с itdre.n fivtng in
dв oping сои · � e>treme/y succes:sfrJI.
НУРНЕN (-)
А hyphen is I.Jlsed:
10 lorm а oompound wordl.
tз.g, kind-hвв.rted; tвn·year-QJd Ьоу; sвveпty-nine;
!ape-reoording; wall-dressed; Water-ski; elc.
DASН (-)
A-dash is used:
in informa1 Englisti, 'lhe same way as, а colon or
semicoloo.
e,g. fhвre· are thюe thinf1$ 1 colJld'fl � rma.gmв living
wi tiour ту best fnern:J, good Ьооk «fld ту do9',
lo inltoduce somelhing lhal you thcшgbl of or adde
laler, or somelnfng · p,ising, unexpected, е!с,
,e.g. Тhеу',е cJa,s ng down е ofd libra:r; - ar leas rm 's
wha l've hwю.
'151
 S 1 · ss 1' 1rit.lm,g lnte --ediate р ovid'es а
1 or1oug}1 prepar�o ro е dift'erent types of - � ng
necessary for stl!Jdents aI 1in eiтnedia1e level. Тhе t.юо
prepares studen s, tn ·te atl types of ,оо - 1 · si :о rootuding
desori · е, diSC1Jts1� nвrra · е. r,е,ю . artic es, le .ers,
hnSaCUon . lerters and re ·
IEach unr · sf:atils i а 1stening aot·- ·ty to s1imulate lhe
1

s1Udents, inrerest Тh& lead i n is rouowoo lby I eory" plans

and fuU./eng model composШons r hich ,hel'p swde.nts
p:roduce successftiJI pfeoes of Шng. Тhе Revi5ion ал d
Extieлslon section includes а 'full range of composi · ол ry-pes
·for sh.lden·ts to analyse.
S осе fu1I '1ri1U· g lntermediate is aooompanied Ьу а
separarie te:acheli's Ьооk and а tas$ette or aud:io CD.

Componems
,Succesзfu· ll Writing lпtermootate
.Succвssfu'll 'WrШng lnt,eгmediate Tea_,eher's Book
Olass Audio Csssette
Olass Audiio СО

' .