Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
1History
2Architecture
3Twenty-first century
4References
o 4.1Notes
o 4.2Citations
o 4.3Bibliography
5External links
History[edit]
On an unknown date prior to 1325 King Robert the Bruce granted the lands of Cluny
(Gaelic meaning meadow[1] or "meadows interspersed with rising grounds" [2]) to his
sister Mary's husband, Alexander Fraser. The lands passed down through the family,
via Adam Gordon of Huntly and the Earls of Huntly, to John Gordon, a younger son
of the 3rd Earl. His son Sir Thomas Gordon (d. 1607) built the castle to replace an
earlier house or peel tower.[a] The lands were inherited by his son, Alexander Gordon,
who became the fourth laird of Cluny. By 1636 the cost of building the castle
combined with other financial difficulties caused ownership of the lands to be
transferred.[3] The castle had various owners, probably creditors, until 1680, when it
became the property of Robert Gordon, of the Gordonstoun branch of the family. It
remained in the hands of this family until the mid-18th century. [4]
The Gordons of Cluny were implicated in the Jacobite Rising of 1745, and had also
incurred debts. This resulted in the castle passing to a third branch of the Gordon
family around 1753, although the exact date is unknown. The new proprietor John
Gordon (1695–1769) was of obscure origins. He was an Edinburgh merchant as well
as a factor to Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon. John Gordon's son was also
named Cosmo Gordon (1736–1800) and he inherited the estate on his father's death
in 1769.[5] He was a politician and co-founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[6] He
did some work at the castle, although records give no indication of what was
involved. Plans for a re-design were commissioned from Robert Adam in 1790 and
from his business partner and younger brother James in 1793, though this work was
never carried out.[5] Pre-deceased by his wife, Mary Baillie, Cosmo Gordon died
without issue in 1800 and was succeeded by his brother Charles, described by
architectural historian H. Gordon Slade[7] as "eccentric and excessively penurious".
[5]
When Charles died on 8 May 1814, various bequests were made to his children;
his eldest son John, later an army colonel and a member of Parliament, inherited
Cluny and the remainder of the properties plus £30,000. [8] No money had been spent
on the estate during the years it was owned by Charles Gordon. [5]
It was under the ownership of Colonel Gordon that extensive additions were made to
the castle, commencing around 1820. [9] He had previously inherited the estates of his
uncle, a merchant in West India, and the Colonel continued to extend his fortune,
purchasing additional lands including North and South Uist, Benbecula and Barra.
[10]
The Colonel died in 1858; a description included in his obituaries was "the richest
commoner in the northern part of the kingdom." [11] In The Times dated 23 July 1858,
his assets were estimated at between £2–3 million and it stated he was "without
doubt the richest commoner in Scotland." [12] He was unmarried but had four
illegitimate children; all bar his eldest son John (c.1820–1878) pre-deceased him.
[13]
Despite a series of litigations lasting 20 years, in 1858 the estates were inherited
by his natural son John, who became an Aberdeenshire Militia captain from 29
March 1852. The captain continued the castle renovations and improved the general
policies[b] by additions of artificial lakes and woodland.[14]
Captain Gordon also died without issue in 1878. Emily Pringle, his second wife,
married Sir Reginald Cathcart becoming Lady Cathcart. The estates were overseen
by a trust set up by Colonel Gordon (the Cluny Trust). In September 1926 a fire
started near the kitchen causing extensive damage to two wings of the castle and
destroying the private chapel. After Lady Cathcart's death in 1932, the estate passed
to Captain Gordon's cousin, Charles Arthur Linzee. He adopted the name Linzee
Gordon[15] to comply with a stipulation made by Colonel Gordon in a codicil added to
his will on 21 June 1852.[16] In an earlier legal document dated 5 October 1835 the
Colonel had declared that he wished his illegitimate children to inherit but he did not
intend to marry to facilitate it.[16] The codicil ensured the family name was continued
by mandating that any heirs to the estates "shall be bound and obliged constantly to
bear, use and retain the surname of 'Gordon' and arms and designation of 'Gordon
of Cluny' in all time after their succession to, or obtaining possession of, my said
lands and estates, as their proper surname, arms and designation." [17]
Historic Scotland listed the castle as a Category A listed building in April 1971.[18]
Architecture[edit]
Twenty-first century[edit]
The castle remains privately owned and was inherited by the current Baron of Cluny,
Cosmo Linzee Gordon, when he reached 18 years of age in 2010. [30]
Some scenes for the film The Queen, starring Helen Mirren, were recorded at the
castle.[31] It is not open to the public although some corporate events and conferences
are catered for. In addition, it can be used as a wedding venue with the ceremony
taking place in the private chapel, which can seat up to 100 guests. [30][32] Overnight
accommodation is available for the main guests at weddings. [33]
From 2006, the policies were listed on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed
Landscapes in Scotland by Historic Scotland. It is assessed as outstanding in the
work of art category and receives a high rating in the horticultural, arboricultural and
silvicultural categories due to the Wellingtonia trees planted in the 19th century.[29]
During 2016, renovations were undertaken: the chapel was repainted; the roof and
ceiling above the main staircases in the castle were replaced; and drainage systems
overhauled. Refurbishment work is ongoing but the majority of the restoration has
been completed. The renovations have all been funded by the family estate. [33]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
1. ^ Slade describes it as a house but Miller refers to a peel
tower
2. ^ The definition of policies as used in Scots land
terminology given in the OED is: "The enclosed (and often
ornamental) grounds, park, or demesne land surrounding
a large country house."
3. ^ Slade gives the date of the fire as 25 September;
[24]
however, the cutting from the Aberdeen Journal is
dated 16 September[15] and The Times dated 18
September 1926 also includes details of the fire.[25]
Citations[edit]
1. ^ Milne (1912), p. 96
2. ^ Lewis (1846), p. 214
3. ^ Slade (1981), p. 455
4. ^ Slade (1981), pp. 458–459
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Slade (1981), p. 460
6. ^ Royal Society of Edinburgh (2006), p. 367
7. ^ Jump up to:a b "Special collections, Ref: MS 3127".
University of Aberdeen. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
8. ^ Farrell, Stephen. "Gordon, John (c.1776–1858), of
Cluny, Aberdeen". History of Parliament. Archived
from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 15
November 2013.
9. ^ Jump up to:a b c Miller (2007), p. 94
10. ^ Slade (1981), p. 462
11. ^ Bulloch (1911), p. 40
12. ^ "The richest commoner in Scotland". The Times. 23
July 1858. Retrieved 1 December 2013.(subscription
required)
13. ^ Bulloch (1911), pp. 40, 49
14. ^ Bulloch (1911), p. 49
15. ^ Jump up to: "Gordon of Cluny: the working life of an
a b c
Bibliography[edit]
Bulloch, John Malcolm (1911). The Gordons of Cluny from the
Early Years of the Eighteenth Century Down to the Present
Time.
Lewis, Samuel (1846), A Topographical Dictionary of
Scotland, Institute of Historical Research
MacGibbon, David; Ross, Thomas (1887). The castellated
and domestic architecture of Scotland from the twelfth to the
eighteenth century. D. Douglas.
Miller, David G. (2007). Tudor Johnny: City Architect of
Aberdeen. Librario. ISBN 978-1-904440-97-0.
Milne, John (1912). Celtic Place-names in Aberdeenshire.
Aberdeen Daily Journal.
Royal Society of Edinburgh (July 2006). Biographical Index of
former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 –
2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 0-902-
198-84-X.
Slade, H Gordon (1981). "Cluny Castle,
Aberdeenshire" (PDF). Proceedings of the Society of
Antiquaries of Scotland. 111: 454–492.[permanent dead link]
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Cluny
Castle.
Official website
Coordinates: 57.1983°N 2.5059°W
Categories:
Castles in Aberdeenshire
Category A listed buildings in Aberdeenshire
Listed castles in Scotland
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
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