MEASUREMENT OF SINGLE PHASE POWER

USING WATTMETER

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Name Plate Details:

Input voltage rating=
Input current rating=
Fuse rating = 120% of the maximum load current = A
Meter Range Calculation:
Ammeter: 120% of rated current = A
Since the rated current is A, an ammeter of range slightly more than rated current is selected. So the ammeter range is A
Voltmeter: Since the rated input voltage is 230 V. So a voltmeter of range slightly more than rated voltage is selected. So the
voltmeter range is V.
Wattmeter: The current and voltage rating for wattmeter may be selected as same as that of ammeter and voltmeter ratings. The
UPF type wattmeter is selected for measuring resistive load.

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 MEASUREMENT OF SINGLE PHASE POWER USING WATTMETER

Ex. No: Date :

AIM: To conduct an experiment to measure single phase power using

wattmeter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Apparatus Range Type Quantity

01. Voltmeter MI 1

02. Ammeter MI 1

03. Wattmeter UPF 1

04. Resistive load - 1

05. Auto Transformer 1 Phase 1

THEORY

Electric power is defined as the electric work done or electric energy dissipated
per unit time. Power can be DC quantity or AC quantity depending upon the
supply.Most of the AC power measurements rated at frequencies below 400
Hz are carried out using dynamo meter type wattmeter. This measuring
instrument indicates directly the average power dissipated by the load. Only
one wattmeter is used in case of single phase power measurement.

The wattmeter connection for power measurement in a DC circuit is given in

the figure 1. The wattmeter consists of four terminals namely, Mains (M), Load
(L), Common (C) and voltage (V). In this connection, M and L terminals are
connected to the either side of load circuit while C and V terminals are
connected across the circuit. For a power measurement, M and C terminals
must be shorted as shown in the figure 1.

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TABULAR COLUMN:

Calculated Power Wattmeter Measured power

% error
S. No V (Volts) I (Amps) Pc=VI cosф Reading(WR) using Wattmeter PC _ Pm
(Watts) Pm= WR X MF  x100
PC
(Watts)
1

Specimen calculation:
Calculated Power (Pc)=VI cosф =VI × 𝟏 = = Watts
Measured power (Pm) = wattmeter reading (WR ) × Multiplying Factor (MF )= = Watts
𝑽𝑰𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜱
Multiplying Factor (MF )of the wattmeter = 𝑭𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈

Error (%)  PC _ Pm x100 =

PC

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 Fig.1: Measurement of Power using Wattmeter Connection

The power measurement in a single phase load is shown in the circuit

diagram. Power is measured using voltmeter ammeter(VA) method used as
reference to calibrate the wattmeter using %error.

The power is measured generally using wattmeter irrespective power factor of

the load which may keep varying and may also difficult to know. The
wattmeter measures the power equivalent to Pm = V*I*Cos(ϕ) watts. If power
factor of the load is known as in the present case is unity for resistive loads.
Hence Voltmeter and Ammeter is sufficient to measure power and computed
as Pc = V×I watts. Here both methods are used to find the error in the power
measurement. The % error as shown in model graph is computed as

Error (%)  PC _ Pm x100

PC

Model graph

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PRECAUTIONS:

Before switching ON the supply

1. Keep the auto-transformer in minimum voltage (i.e zero voltage) output
position.
2. Keep all the switches in the load bank in OFF position.

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the Connections as shown in the Circuit diagram.

2. Switch ON the supply.
3. Apply the rated voltage i.e 230V by using autotransformer.
4. Note down the readings of all the connected meters.
5. Switch ON the load in steps, at each step note down the readings of all
the meters connected in the circuit.
Note : At each step, maintain the voltage constant i.e 230 Volts by using the
auto-transformer if required.
6. Repeat the above step 5 till the rated current.
7. Switch OFF the loads gradually and reduce the auto transformer output
voltage as zero & switch OFF the supply.
8. Remove the connections.

RESULT:
The power in a single phase circuit with resistive load is measured using
wattmeter and compared with the actual values and error in % is plotted and
may be used for calibration.

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