1.

Determine the phase presents and calculate the amount of each phase present
in 50 kg of a 50 wt % Ni–50 wt % Cu alloy at (a) 1,400°C, (b) 1,300°C, and
(c) 1,200°C

Solution :
a) for Cu- 50 wt.% Ni at 1,400°C
Phase = single phase that is liquid
Phase composition = 50 wt.% Ni
Phase fraction = 1
Amount = mL= mass fraction * Mass total
= 1* 50kg = 50 kg
b) for Cu- 50 wt.% Ni at 1,300°C
Phase = two phase that is liquid and solid α
Phase composition by tie line
CL = 45 wt.% Ni and Cα= 55 wt.% Ni
Phase amount (by level rule)
XL= (55-50)/(55-45) = 0.5
Xα= (50-45)/(55-45) = 0.5 45 50 55
ML= XL*MT= 0.5*50 kg = 25Kg
Mα= Xα*MT= 0.5*50 kg = 25Kg

C) for Cu- 50 wt.% Ni at 1,200°C

Phase = single phase that is solid α
Phase composition = 50 wt.% Ni
Phase fraction = 1
Amount = mα= mass fraction * Mass total = 1* 50kg = 50 kg
2. Consider a Pb-30% Sn alloy. Determine (a) if the alloy is hypoeutectic or
hypereutectic; (b) the composition of the first solid to form during solidification; (c) the
amounts and compositions of each phase at 184°C; (d) the amounts and compositions of
each phase at 182°C
• Solution for #2
a) for Pb-30 wt.% Sn → hypoeutectic b/c it lies b/n 18.3 and 61.9
b) Composition of the first solid formed during cooling of Pb-30 wt.% Sn → from Phase
diagram it gives about Cα = 12 wt.% Sn
c) for Pb-30 wt.% Sn at just above eutectic temperature (that is at 184°C)
- at this temp. and composition , we have primary α soild ( Proeutectic α ) and liquid
- from phase diagram , Phase composition by tie line
- C α (Primary) = 18.3 wt.% Sn and CL= 61.9 wt.% Sn
- Phase amount (by level rule) 18.3 30 61.9
XL= (30-18.3)/(61.9-18.3) = 0.268
Xα (primary)= (61.9-30)/(61.9-18.3) = 0. 732

d) for Pb-30 wt.% Sn at just below eutectic temperature (that is at 183°C)

- at this temp. and composition , we have total α solid ( both Proeutectic α and
eutectic α solid ) and β solid
- from phase diagram , Phase composition by tie line
- C α = 18.3 wt.% Sn and Cβ= 97.8 wt.% Sn 18.3 30 97.8
- Phase amount (by level rule)
Xα total= (97.8-30)/(97.8-18.3) = 0.85 = Cα (primary ) + Cα (eutectic)
Xβ total= (30-18.3)/(97.8-18.3) = 0.15
3. If 500g of a 40 wt % Ag-60 wt % Cu alloy is slowly cooled from 1000ºC to just below
780ºC : (a) How many grams of liquid and proeutectic alpha are present at 850ºC? (b)
How many grams of liquid and proeutectic alpha are present at just above 780ºC ? (c)
How many grams of alpha are present in the eutectic structure just below 780ºC? (d)
How many grams of beta are present in the eutectic structure at just below 780ºC?
• Solution for #3
4. For a 99.65 wt% Fe–0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectoid,
determine the following:
(a) The fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases
(b) The fractions of the proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite
(c) The fraction of eutectoid ferrite
• Solution #4 (taken from Callister reference book , see Callister for more information)