TITLE: Earthing Calculation

PROJECT: CRUIDE OIL TANK AT ONGC ANKLESHWAR

OWNER:- OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION

LOCATION.: GGS5
LSTK :- HIMECH INDUSTRIES
CONTENTS

SL. NO. TITLE PAGE

1. Scope 3
2. Site Condition 3
3. Basis for Calculations 3
4. Earthing Calculation 4
5. Equipment Earthing Schedule 4
6. Annexure 5
1. SCOPE.

This document’s details the Earthing system calculation for the CRUDE OIL TANK
AT ONGC GGS5
2. SITE CONDITION

Equipment design temp : 46 deg C

Relative Humidity : Maximum 100%
Altitude above mean sea level : >1000M

3. BASIS FOR CALCULATION

Resistively of soil : 7.04 Ohm-m

Depth of laying of Earth strip : 600mm below ground
Main Earth Strip Material : GI Flat
Main Earth Electrode : GI Pipe
Main earth Electrode Dimension : 7.6cm diameter, 300cm long

4. EARTHING CALCULATION
4.1 Calculation Method
4.1.1 Calculation of Earthing Conductor Size:
The earthing conductor size is calculated by the following equation taken fromCode of
practice for Earthing, IS-3043-1987 section 12.2.2.1

S = (Ix√t) / k (mm2)
Where

S : Cross sectional area of earth conductor size

I : AC rms value of fault Current (Amp)
T : Operating time of disconnecting device (Sec)
K : A factor for the circuit protective conductors material
From (table-6 of IS 3043)
K=56

4.1.2 PIPE ELECTRODE

The resistance of a Pipe Electrode (Re) is calculated based on IS-3043 section9.2.2

Where
Re= (100 ρ) / (2 x π x I) x loge (4xI /d) (ohms)
Re : Resistance of one Pipe Electrode
ρ : Soil resistivity (Ohm-m)
I : Length of pipe electrode (cm)
d : Diameter of pipe electrode (cm)
 4.1.3 STRIP ELECTRODES
The Strip Electrode resistance (RS) is calculated by following formula taken fromCode of
practice for earthing IS 3043 section 9.2.3

Where
RS= (100 ρ) / (2xπx I) x log è (2xI ²/w t) (ohms)
RS : Resistance of Strip Electrode
ρ : Soil resistivity (Ohm-m)
I : Length of the strip (cm)
w : Depth of burial of the electrode (cm)
t : Width of the Strip (cm)

4.1.4 EQUIVALENT EARTH RESISTANCE OF THE GRID

Total earth resistance RT=RE II RS

RT= Total Earth Resistance
RS= Resistance of the Strip Electrode
RE= Total Resistance of the Earth Electrode
RE=Re / n
Where,
Re= resistance of one Pipe Electrode
n= Total number of Earth Electrodes

Required number of Earth Electrodes shall be interconnected with GI Strip to get the value
of resistance to earth less than 1 ohm for process area.

1. Main Earth grid As Calculated

2. Pipe Racks, Vessel 50x6mm GI Strip
3. Push Button Station 8 SWG Solid GI Wire
4. Welding Sockets 25x3mm GI Strip
5. Lighting/Power/Instrument Panels 10 mm Dia GI Wire Rope
6. Street Light Poles 10 mm Dia GI Wire Rope
 ANNEXURE

1) CALCULATION OF MAIN EARTHING CONDUCTOR SIZE

A) Formula UsedS

= (Ix√t ) / k

Minimum Earth Conductor size required to meet the short circuit requirement is
calculated as below

I :22KA
t :0.5Sec
K 56
S = (Ix√t) / k
=22000 x√0.5 / 56
= 277.2
Since 50X6 mm = 300Sq. mm

B) Considering the Fault current 22KA for 0.5 Sec Accordingly the 50x6 Sq.mm earth
Conductor size shall be adequate.

2) CALCULATION OF RESISTANCE OF PIPE ELECTRODE

Formula Used
ρ : 7.04 Ohm-m (Refer Soil Investigation report)
l : 300cm
d : 7.6cm
Re= (100ρ) / (2xπxl) x loge (4xl/d) (ohms)
= (100x7.04) / (2x3.14x300) x loge (4x300 /7.6)
= 1.89
Calculation of Total resistance of Pipe Electrodes (RE)
Re= 1.89

n = 2 Nos

Since Resistance calculated for each electrode is 2 Ohms. So, no of earthelectrode required
2 to bring resistance less than 1 Ohms.

RE =Re / n
= 1.89/ 2
= 0.94
3) CALCULATION OF RESISTANCE OF STRIP ELECTRODE
Formula Used
p : 7.04 Ohm-m (Refer Soil Investigation report)
L : 30000Cms
w : 60
t : 7.5
RS :
RS= (100 ρ) / (2xπxL) x logè(2xL ²/wt) (ohms)
= (100x7.04) /(2 x 3.14 x 30000) X loge (2 x 30000² / 60x5.0)
= 0.0562
4) CALCULATION OF TOTAL EARTH RESISTANCE
Formula Used

RT=RE II RS

RS= 0.0562
RE= 0.94
RT=

RT = RS x RE / RS + RE
= 0.0562 x 0.94/ 0.0562 + 0.94
= 0.0363/ 0.81
= 0.0521 ohms
= < 1 ohms

5) CONCLUSION

As earth resistance value (RT) is within permissible limits of 1 Ohm.

6) NOTES

1. Earth Electrodes shall be connected to each other by GI strip of size 50x 6 Sq.mm (1Run)
2. New earthing shall be connected to existing earthing system at the nearest point byGI Strip of
size 50 x 6 Sq.